2561:
1455:
2128:
2225:
12358:
211:
10188:
855:
1436:
2033:
11795:
588:
120:
11819:
10214:
2472:
2304:
2397:
1638:
11831:
11807:
10202:
1881:
991:
1386:
1407:(IOC). The order and the division into infraorders, parvorders, and superfamilies follows the phylogenetic analysis published by Carl Oliveros and colleagues in 2019. The relationships between the families in the suborder Tyranni (suboscines) were all well determined but some of the nodes in Passeri (oscines or songbirds) were unclear owing to the rapid splitting of the lineages.
184:
1742:
9323:
GĂĄl, Erika; HĂr, JĂĄnos; Kessler, EugĂ©n; KĂłkay, JĂłzsef & MĂĄrton, Venczel (2000). "KözĂ©psĂ”-miocĂ©n Ă”smaradvĂĄnyok a MĂĄtraszĂ”lĂ”s, RĂĄkĂłczi-kĂĄpolna alatti ĂștbevĂĄgĂĄsbĂłl II. A MĂĄtraszĂ”lĂ”s 2. lelĂ”hely" [Middle
Miocene fossils from the section of the road at the Råkóczi Chapel, MåtraszÔlÔs. II. Locality
9265:
Hugueney, Marguerite; Berthet, Didier; Bodergat, Anne-Marie; Escuillié, François; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile & Wattinne, Aurélia (2003). "La limite OligocÚne-MiocÚne en
Limagne: changements fauniques chez les mammifÚres, oiseaux et ostracodes des différents niveaux de Billy-Créchy (Allier, France)"
8323:
Oliveros et al (2019) use the list of families published by
Dickinson and Christidis in 2014. Oliveros et al include 8 families that are not included on the IOC list. These are not shown here. By contrast, the IOC list includes 15 families that are not present in Dickinson and Christidis. In 13 of
9303:
GĂĄl, Erika; HĂr, JĂĄnos; Kessler, EugĂ©n & KĂłkay, JĂłzsef (1998â99). "KözĂ©psĂ”-miocĂ©n Ă”smaradvĂĄnyok, a MĂĄtraszĂ”lĂ”s, RĂĄkĂłczi-kĂĄpolna alatti ĂștbevĂĄgĂĄsbĂłl. I. A MĂĄtraszĂ”lĂ”s 1. lelĂ”hely" [Middle
Miocene fossils from the sections at the RĂĄkĂłczi chapel at MĂĄtraszĆlĆs. Locality MĂĄtraszĂ”lĂ”s I.].
1364:
constitute a single genus with less than 10 species today but seem to have been among the first perching bird lineages to diverge as the group spread across
Eurasia. No particularly close relatives of theirs have been found among comprehensive studies of the living Passeri, though they might be
1104:, among others. Extant Passeri super-families were quite distinct by that time and are known since about 12â13 mya when modern genera were present in the corvoidean and basal songbirds. The modern diversity of Passerida genera is known mostly from the Late Miocene onward and into the
750:
The evolutionary history of the passerine families and the relationships among them remained rather mysterious until the late 20th century. In many cases, passerine families were grouped together on the basis of morphological similarities that, it is now believed, are the result of
714:
Clutches vary considerably in size: some larger passerines of
Australia such as lyrebirds and scrub-robins lay only a single egg, most smaller passerines in warmer climates lay between two and five, while in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, hole-nesting species like
688:: blind, featherless, and helpless when hatched from their eggs. Hence, the chicks require extensive parental care. Most passerines lay colored eggs, in contrast with nonpasserines, most of whose eggs are white except in some ground-nesting groups such as
1325:
traditionally included in the
Corvoidea actually represent more basal lineages within oscines. Likewise, the traditional three-superfamily arrangement within the Passeri has turned out to be far more complex and will require changes in classification.
778:
data gradually are revealing a clearer picture of passerine origins and evolution that reconciles molecular affinities, the constraints of morphology, and the specifics of the fossil record. The first passerines are now thought to have evolved in the
182:
8701:
Winkler, D. W., S. M. Billerman, and I.J. Lovette (2020). Lyrebirds (Menuridae), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of
Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, US.
183:
8727:
Clock, B. (2020). Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant (Myiornis ecaudatus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of
Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, US.
8714:
Madge, S. (2020). Thick-billed Raven (Corvus crassirostris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of
Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, US.
2917:
Relationships between living Passeriformes families based on the phylogenetic analysis of Oliveros et al (2019). Some terminals have been renamed to reflect families recognised by the IOC but not in that study. The IOC families
631:) is long and joins the leg at approximately the same level as the front toes. This arrangement enables passerine birds to easily perch upright on branches. The toes have no webbing or joining, but in some
642:
will automatically be pulled and tighten when the leg bends, causing the foot to curl and become stiff when the bird lands on a branch. This enables passerines to sleep while perching without falling off.
767:
look superficially similar and behave in similar ways, yet belong to three far-flung branches of the passerine family tree; they are as unrelated as it is possible to be while remaining Passeriformes.
10038:
8324:
these cases, the position of the additional family in the taxonomic order can be determined from the species included by Oliveros and colleagues in their analysis. No species in the families
8368:
The taxonomic sequence of the superfamilies Locustelloidea, Sylvioidea and Aegithaloidea is uncertain, although the order of the families within each of the superfamilies is well determined.
1145:-SC-1411 (Pinturas Early/Middle Miocene of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina), an extinct lineage of perching birds has been described from the Late Miocene of California, United States: the
886:, especially of the limb bones, is rather diagnostic. However, the early fossil record is poor because passerines are relatively small, and their delicate bones do not preserve well.
666:
have stiff tail feathers that are used as props during climbing. Extremely long tails used as sexual ornaments are shown by species in different families. A well-known example is the
638:
The leg of passerine birds contains an additional special adaptation for perching. A tendon in the rear of the leg running from the underside of the toes to the muscle behind the
8390:(Cuban warblers) is tentatively placed here. The family was not included in the analysis published by Oliveros et al (2019). Dickinson and Christidis (2014) considered the genus
9934:
Cibois, Alice; Slikas, Beth; Schulenberg, Thomas S. & Pasquet, Eric (2001). "An endemic radiation of Malagasy songbirds is revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data".
9535:
The former does not even have recognized subspecies, while the latter is one of the most singular birds alive today. Good photos of a bearded reedling are for example
8855:
Barker, F.K. (2004). "Monophyly and relationships of wrens (Aves: Troglodytidae): a congruence analysis of heterogeneous mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data".
9266:[The Oligocene-Miocene boundary in Limagne: faunal changes in the mammals, birds and ostracods from the different levels of Billy-Créchy (Allier, France)].
10171:
829:, dispersed into Eurasia and Africa about 40 million years ago, where they experienced further radiation of new lineages. This eventually led to three major
10013:
9437:
1345:
and are being rearranged. Several taxa turned out to represent highly distinct lineages, so new families had to be established, some of theirs â like the
1360:
with only one living species. In the Passeri alone, a number of minor lineages will eventually be recognized as distinct superfamilies. For example, the
13567:
9550:
13621:
13587:
10707:
9973:
Ericson, Per G.P. & Johansson, Ulf S. (2003). "Phylogeny of Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data".
9350:[A preliminary report on the revised investigation of the paleontological locality-complex "GĂŒdör-kert" at FelsĂ”tĂĄrkĂĄny, Northern Hungary]
9059:
Mayr, G (2013). "The age of the crown group of passerine birds and its evolutionary significanceâmolecular calibrations versus the fossil record".
5678:
1141:, the fossil record is more scant before the Pleistocene, from which several still-existing families are documented. Apart from the indeterminable
1060:
Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (SajĂłvölgyi Middle Miocene of MĂĄtraszĆlĆs, Hungary) â at least 2 taxa, possibly 3; at least one probably Oscines.
16247:
13962:
13671:
13630:
12858:
9830:
5897:
9722:
Alström, Per; Ericson, Per G.P.; Olsson, Urban & Sundberg, Per (2006). "Phylogeny and classification of the avian super-family Sylvioidea".
15968:
4103:
3859:
16286:
13837:
13072:
12975:
12834:
12789:
12656:
5715:
3933:
935:, are more complete and definitely represent early passeriforms, and have been found to belong to a variety of modern and extinct lineages.
4288:
9183:; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, J.A.; Douglas, B.J. (2007). "Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand".
8802:"Ecological Opportunity and Diversification in a Continental Radiation of Birds: Climbing Adaptations and Cladogenesis in the Furnariidae"
11985:
5427:
3785:
9539:
471:
With more than 140 families and some 6,500 identified species, Passeriformes is the largest order of birds and among the most diverse
9763:"A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds: taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data"
9762:
8510:"A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds: Taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data"
9363:
1082:
That suboscines expanded much beyond their region of origin is proven by several fossils from Germany such as a presumed broadbill (
16381:
16221:
16260:
11869:
10702:
9879:
951:
8275:
8264:
1404:
1403:
This list is in taxonomic order, placing related families next to one another. The families listed are those recognised by the
1265:
955:
595:
Most passerines are smaller than typical members of other avian orders. The heaviest and altogether largest passerines are the
10130:
9975:
9724:
9701:
9625:
9583:
16265:
9382:"El mĂĄs antiguo Passeriformes de America del Sur. Presentation at VIII Journadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados"
9239:
16386:
10086:
Variation in Songbirds: Molecular Evolution, Phylogenetic Implications, and Comparisons with Mitochondrial Differentiation"
906:. However, the material is too fragmentary and their affinities have been questioned. Several more recent fossils from the
9133:
Lowi-Merri, Talia M.; Gjevori, Martina; Bochenski, Zbigniew M.; Wertz, Krzysztof; Claramunt, Santiago (31 December 2024).
9185:
9895:
9770:
8566:
8560:
Ericson, P.G.; Christidis, L.; Cooper, A.; Irestedt, M.; Jackson, J.; Johansson, U.S.; Norman, J.A. (7 February 2002).
679:
9103:
A new passeriform (Aves: Passeriformes) from the early Oligocene of Poland sheds light on the beginnings of Suboscines
8750:
8686:
1132:
1264:
Phylogenetic relationship of the suborders within the Passeriformes. The numbers are from the list published by the
16348:
16190:
10192:
10049:
JÞnsson, Knud A. & FjeldsÄ, Jon (2006). "A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri)".
8900:"The evolutionary radiation of modern birds (Neornithes): Reconciling molecules, morphology and the fossil record"
16291:
16203:
10246:
10090:
284:
9949:
9891:"African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary 'enigmas'"
8996:
8977:
9404:
9044:
9025:
8774:
8213:
Av 504. A flattened right hand of a passerine perhaps 10 cm long overall. If suboscine, perhaps closer to
17:
16273:
10014:"Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960)"
1317:
but this arrangement has been found to be oversimplified. Since the mid-2000s, studies have investigated the
9646:"Going to extremes: contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds"
8491:
2560:
1119:(<1.8 mya) yield numerous extant species, and many yield almost nothing but extant species or their
8469:
9547:
9264:
1091:
794:
The initial diversification of passerines coincides with the separation of the southern continents in the
210:
16133:
16107:
11862:
11835:
10692:
2564:
10474:
8432:
939:
704:
16340:
16138:
9102:
822:. The Passeri experienced a great radiation of forms in Australia. A major branch of the Passeri, the
16353:
16301:
16125:
12357:
10389:
10379:
9134:
612:
841:
mixing happens, with northern forms returning to the south, southern forms moving north, and so on.
10715:
10697:
10021:
9824:
Barker, F. Keith; Cibois, Alice; Schikler, Peter A.; Feinstein, Julie & Cracraft, Joel (2004).
8562:"A Gondwanan origin of passerine birds supported by DNA sequences of the endemic New Zealand wrens"
193:
16085:
10720:
10218:
9348:"ElĂ”zetes beszĂĄmolĂł a felsĂ”tĂĄrkĂĄnyi "GĂŒdör-kert" n. Ă”slĂ©nytani lelĂ”helykomplex ĂșjravizsgĂĄlatĂĄrĂłl"
8492:"A Paleogene origin for crown passerines and the diversification of the Oscines in the New World"
2040:
1458:
11847:
10394:
9608:
Cracraft, Joel (2014). "Avian higher-level relationships and classification: passeriformes". In
8934:
Boles, Walter E. (1997). "Fossil songbirds (Passeriformes) from the Early Eocene of Australia".
1054:
Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Late Oligocene of France) â several suboscine and oscine taxa
16376:
16327:
16047:
11855:
11811:
10687:
10499:
10449:
2800:
2475:
655:
168:
8440:
1286:(oscines or songbirds). The Passeri is now subdivided into two major groups recognized now as
975:
623:
The foot of a passerine has three toes directed forward and one toe directed backward, called
16322:
16314:
10524:
10206:
10165:
9620:. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. pp. xvii-xxxiii .
8800:
Claramunt, Santiago; Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Brumfield, Robb T.; Remsen, J. V. (May 2012).
2228:
1454:
1389:
819:
667:
518:
468:
arrangement of their toes (three pointing forward and one back), which facilitates perching.
16252:
611:, due to very long tails or tail coverts, are longer overall. The smallest passerine is the
16159:
16094:
11152:
9984:
9839:
9733:
9536:
9490:
9277:
9194:
9146:
9068:
8945:
8864:
8633:
1654:
752:
10104:
10081:
9805:
1051:
Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Early Oligocene of Luberon, France) â suboscine or basal
8:
10682:
10574:
10514:
10459:
10239:
9936:
9685:
9609:
9567:
9347:
780:
500:
10141:
9988:
9843:
9737:
9494:
9281:
9198:
9179:
9150:
9072:
8949:
8868:
8637:
16020:
15542:
14726:
14313:
13228:
12611:
11465:
10529:
10489:
10454:
10068:
9961:
9917:
9890:
9792:
9513:
9478:
9429:
9220:
9084:
9001:
8837:
8801:
8654:
8621:
8588:
8561:
8534:
8509:
8231:
8210:
8173:
4560:
1903:
1439:
899:
596:
205:
16213:
16099:
9996:
9876:
9862:
9825:
16309:
16146:
16112:
15997:
15907:
12645:
12195:
11818:
11591:
11538:
11488:
10631:
10621:
10564:
10364:
10359:
10299:
10126:
10109:
10064:
10051:
10034:
10000:
9953:
9922:
9867:
9797:
9749:
9697:
9689:
9667:
9621:
9613:
9579:
9571:
9518:
9346:
HĂr, JĂĄnos; KĂłkay, JĂłzsef; Venczel, MĂĄrton; GĂĄl, Erika & GKessler, EugĂ©n (2001).
9162:
8975:
8916:
8899:
8880:
8841:
8829:
8821:
8770:
8746:
8682:
8659:
8593:
8539:
6119:
3888:
3640:
2353:
2131:
2013:
1754:
1686:
1338:
1334:
967:
943:
887:
871:
775:
771:
554:
128:
10072:
9965:
9224:
9088:
9005:
1063:
Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene of FelsĆtĂĄrkĂĄny, Hungary) â oscine?
15338:
15100:
14761:
14740:
12683:
12563:
11910:
11457:
10599:
10271:
10153:
10099:
10060:
10030:
9992:
9945:
9912:
9904:
9857:
9847:
9787:
9779:
9741:
9696:. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 358.
9657:
9508:
9498:
9421:
9285:
9210:
9202:
9180:
9154:
9076:
9039:
9030:
8991:
8953:
8911:
8872:
8813:
8649:
8641:
8583:
8575:
8529:
8521:
8436:
8377:
The order of some of the families within the superfamily Emberizoidea is uncertain.
8181:
7805:
7484:
5201:
3814:
3516:
3344:
2899:
2809:
2078:
1823:
1746:
1668:
1353:
799:
608:
577:
561:
401:
355:
299:
265:
9302:
9289:
9158:
9135:"Total-evidence dating and the phylogenetic affinities of early fossil passerines"
8622:"A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds"
16151:
15951:
15661:
15395:
14467:
13316:
12701:
12692:
12507:
12054:
12005:
11955:
11689:
11517:
10987:
10509:
10494:
10432:
10331:
10259:
9883:
9554:
9543:
9381:
9080:
8271:
7759:
7255:
6460:
5979:
4473:
4183:
3172:
2956:
2869:
2747:
2528:
2458:
2224:
2127:
1853:
1782:
1545:
1422:
1095:
1057:
Passeriformes gen. et spp. indet. (Middle Miocene of France and Germany) â basal?
959:
891:
859:
838:
764:
689:
647:
604:
460:'-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as
392:
16278:
10123:
Avian evolution: the fossil record of birds and its paleobiological significance
9745:
8876:
8172:
has been applied to other, unrelated birds in Australia and New Zealand. The 27
1116:
16198:
16185:
15880:
15840:
15240:
15211:
14712:
14460:
14390:
14153:
14062:
13756:
13701:
13558:
13477:
13461:
13401:
13207:
13012:
12950:
12874:
12757:
12715:
12708:
12387:
12167:
12131:
11799:
11729:
11681:
11615:
11554:
11509:
11496:
11370:
11333:
11184:
10958:
10795:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10519:
10504:
10399:
10374:
10369:
10351:
10232:
9483:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
9322:
8395:
8185:
7592:
7074:
6931:
6401:
6213:
5910:
5698:
5628:
4716:
4547:
4324:
4132:
3969:
3594:
3275:
3211:
3195:
3063:
2833:
2711:
2507:
2428:
2401:
2371:
2255:
2205:
2048:
1939:
1870:
1722:
1698:
1569:
1557:
1551:
1506:
1373:, and their closest relatives are currently grouped in a distinct super-family
1330:
1295:
1146:
971:
727:
697:
9206:
16370:
15817:
15797:
15689:
15654:
15619:
15528:
15514:
15361:
15278:
15200:
15184:
15157:
15040:
15012:
14866:
14782:
14747:
14719:
14684:
14537:
14453:
14439:
14257:
14236:
14181:
14076:
14013:
13971:
13881:
13812:
13791:
13512:
13193:
13186:
13172:
13137:
12778:
12771:
12743:
12595:
12542:
12396:
12220:
12174:
12024:
11931:
11916:
11879:
11737:
11721:
11644:
11636:
11470:
11268:
11118:
11005:
10963:
10763:
10755:
10677:
10641:
10559:
10483:
10311:
9412:
9166:
9110:
8982:
8936:
8825:
8387:
8350:
The order of the families within the superfamily Malaconotoidea is uncertain.
8329:
7828:
7649:
7232:
7184:
7145:
6978:
6962:
6862:
6603:
6483:
6437:
6018:
5747:
5463:
5373:
5263:
5162:
5021:
4959:
4895:
4675:
4636:
4409:
4354:
4206:
4116:
3872:
3298:
3031:
2923:
2887:
2881:
2845:
2741:
2729:
2717:
2677:
2671:
2653:
2577:
2534:
2522:
2446:
2315:
2307:
2261:
2169:
2108:
2090:
2072:
2001:
1989:
1927:
1921:
1841:
1829:
1788:
1728:
1680:
1575:
1494:
1310:
1302:
1120:
1003:
In Europe, perching birds are not too uncommon in the fossil record from the
903:
811:
756:
708:
522:
507:
492:
280:
144:
77:
9852:
9662:
9645:
9503:
9026:"A Small Suboscine-like Passeriform Bird from the Early Oligocene of France"
8978:"Miocene Songbirds and the Composition of the European Passeriform Avifauna"
8274:
of a smallish to mid-sized passerine that may be the same as the preceding;
723:
do not build their own nests, instead, they lay eggs in other birds' nests.
603:, each exceeding 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) and 70 cm (28 in). The
16070:
15958:
15896:
15860:
15849:
15724:
15668:
15640:
15605:
15584:
15388:
15379:
15368:
15347:
15146:
15075:
14982:
14973:
14817:
14775:
14754:
14733:
14705:
14621:
14579:
14551:
14495:
14481:
14418:
14320:
14299:
14250:
14243:
14167:
14090:
14048:
14034:
14006:
13722:
13708:
13694:
13687:
13653:
13533:
13519:
13380:
13325:
13291:
13268:
13116:
13081:
13061:
12984:
12936:
12881:
12805:
12798:
12750:
12736:
12521:
12486:
12256:
12202:
12158:
12122:
12044:
12014:
11996:
11965:
11823:
11567:
11412:
11228:
11066:
11014:
10886:
10847:
10616:
10604:
10594:
10584:
10281:
10157:
10113:
10004:
9957:
9926:
9908:
9871:
9801:
9783:
9753:
9671:
9644:
Barker, F.K.; Burns, K.J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2013).
9522:
8884:
8833:
8663:
8645:
8597:
8579:
8543:
8525:
8470:
Evolution, biogeography, and patterns of diversification in passerine birds
8400:
8218:
8193:
7782:
7569:
7471:
7458:
7435:
7090:
6669:
6506:
6229:
6167:
6089:
5956:
5852:
5786:
5651:
4936:
4803:
4659:
4606:
4031:
4015:
3992:
3617:
3252:
3015:
2995:
2950:
2875:
2827:
2789:
2783:
2705:
2598:
2540:
2440:
2383:
2359:
2341:
2290:
2267:
2211:
2036:
1995:
1965:
1933:
1915:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1563:
1500:
1483:
1397:
1342:
1275:
1189:
1151:
1083:
1028:
1020:
924:
918:
795:
735:
659:
600:
557:
484:
333:
1435:
854:
465:
16234:
16079:
15889:
15806:
15745:
15738:
15710:
15703:
15612:
15493:
15451:
15402:
15310:
15193:
15166:
15139:
15109:
15068:
15019:
14998:
14922:
14894:
14873:
14852:
14789:
14768:
14677:
14628:
14593:
14586:
14523:
14516:
14502:
14488:
14411:
14376:
14369:
14306:
14271:
14174:
14083:
14069:
14041:
14020:
13999:
13985:
13923:
13916:
13895:
13860:
13826:
13784:
13770:
13715:
13646:
13639:
13576:
13526:
13470:
13443:
13436:
13394:
13352:
13345:
13277:
13249:
13242:
13221:
13165:
13151:
13144:
13123:
13033:
13019:
12991:
12957:
12867:
12812:
12635:
12622:
12458:
12444:
12430:
12403:
12229:
12140:
12101:
11628:
11475:
11281:
11260:
11249:
11214:
11081:
11071:
11029:
10920:
10787:
10589:
10414:
10409:
10341:
10326:
10294:
8729:
8716:
8703:
8341:
The order of the families within the superfamily Orioloidea is uncertain.
8325:
8267:
8243:
8200:. For the monophyly of the "true wrens", Troglodytidae, see Barker 2004.
8197:
7844:
7530:
7514:
7389:
7323:
6849:
6616:
6384:
5868:
5770:
5605:
5357:
5311:
4856:
4301:
4252:
3532:
3360:
3321:
2919:
2893:
2821:
2815:
2771:
2765:
2644:
2586:
2495:
2409:
2377:
2284:
2273:
2199:
2114:
2096:
2032:
1977:
1817:
1800:
1581:
1374:
1322:
1314:
1160:
1109:
1044:
979:
931:
895:
663:
651:
639:
624:
581:
160:
52:
10187:
8359:
The order of the families within the superfamily Corvoidea is uncertain.
1159:(Pliocene of Florida) probably belongs to an extant family, most likely
837:
and numerous minor lineages make up songbird diversity today. Extensive
15944:
15937:
15930:
15923:
15916:
15869:
15752:
15717:
15675:
15570:
15563:
15556:
15507:
15500:
15486:
15465:
15437:
15423:
15319:
15285:
15173:
15120:
15089:
15082:
15047:
15005:
14901:
14880:
14838:
14831:
14810:
14670:
14642:
14565:
14530:
14474:
14446:
14425:
14404:
14397:
14348:
14341:
14292:
14278:
14222:
14206:
14195:
14125:
13992:
13909:
13902:
13874:
13853:
13819:
13798:
13777:
13763:
13749:
13729:
13680:
13610:
13547:
13540:
13373:
13359:
13305:
13235:
13179:
13130:
13109:
13095:
13054:
13040:
12998:
12964:
12943:
12915:
12892:
12819:
12722:
12584:
12479:
12421:
12375:
12305:
12281:
12236:
12209:
12188:
12181:
12147:
12111:
12076:
11975:
11745:
11607:
11546:
11525:
11357:
11341:
11276:
11221:
11193:
11125:
11090:
10968:
10816:
10651:
10626:
10384:
9761:
Barker, F. Keith; Barrowclough, George F. & Groth, Jeff G. (2002).
9433:
8976:
Manegold, Albrecht; Mayr, Gerald & Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile (2004).
8214:
8189:
7718:
7608:
7412:
6915:
6830:
6717:
6190:
6076:
5447:
5247:
5142:
4826:
4425:
4370:
3656:
3564:
3463:
3152:
3142:
3102:
2857:
2839:
2777:
2665:
2610:
2365:
2332:
2163:
2139:
2084:
2057:
1971:
1847:
1835:
1642:
1618:
1606:
1530:
1512:
1346:
1306:
1100:
1067:
1066:
Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene of PolgĂĄrdi, Hungary) â
1036:
1012:
995:
970:-sized bird have recently been described. These date from the Early to
912:
719:
can lay up to a dozen and other species around five or six. The family
716:
476:
305:
97:
62:
10224:
9578:. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press.
9215:
1741:
587:
119:
27:
Any bird of the order Passeriformes, sometimes known as perching birds
16172:
16009:
15975:
15777:
15766:
15682:
15598:
15591:
15521:
15479:
15472:
15458:
15444:
15430:
15409:
15354:
15299:
15260:
15249:
15231:
15220:
15061:
14991:
14936:
14656:
14649:
14635:
14614:
14558:
14544:
14509:
14383:
14362:
14285:
14264:
14229:
14215:
14160:
14139:
14132:
14116:
13944:
13937:
13930:
13888:
13603:
13596:
13498:
13491:
13298:
13284:
13214:
13005:
12922:
12908:
12901:
12729:
12672:
12577:
12570:
12556:
12528:
12514:
12472:
12451:
12410:
12263:
11705:
11449:
11242:
11159:
11143:
11132:
11042:
10978:
10937:
10636:
10437:
10424:
10404:
10304:
8399:. Barker et al (2013) found that Teretistridae is closely related to
8298:
8177:
7702:
7679:
7300:
7129:
7054:
6836:
6756:
6639:
6135:
6002:
5573:
5557:
5518:
5334:
4879:
4790:
4583:
4457:
4236:
3946:
3798:
3486:
3427:
2863:
2851:
2753:
2723:
2633:
2616:
2592:
2471:
2452:
2347:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2102:
1983:
1956:
1909:
1885:
1859:
1794:
1692:
1674:
1612:
1466:
1447:
1357:
1318:
1298:
1291:
1075:
1071:
1004:
907:
883:
830:
826:
823:
803:
784:
760:
685:
222:
152:
102:
46:
16239:
16041:
9425:
8957:
2303:
16226:
16177:
16064:
15986:
15826:
15696:
15647:
15633:
15577:
15549:
15535:
15269:
15129:
15033:
15026:
14915:
14908:
14887:
14859:
14824:
14803:
14698:
14691:
14663:
14600:
14572:
14432:
14334:
14327:
14146:
14097:
13867:
13740:
13660:
13484:
13450:
13422:
13366:
13336:
13200:
13102:
13088:
13047:
13026:
12929:
12665:
12604:
12549:
12535:
12493:
12437:
12247:
12034:
11898:
11673:
11403:
11378:
11324:
11235:
11207:
11097:
11061:
11053:
11035:
10930:
10915:
10899:
10646:
10609:
10442:
10213:
10142:"Monophyly of the Passeriformes: test of a phylogenetic hypothesis"
9694:
The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World
9618:
The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World
9576:
The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World
8817:
8260:
8256:
7339:
7200:
6885:
6685:
6522:
5933:
5005:
4982:
4732:
4170:
3440:
3086:
2759:
2735:
2659:
2604:
2547:
2483:
2434:
2236:
2019:
2007:
1945:
1764:
1600:
1518:
1366:
1287:
1192:â New Zealand wrens (1 family containing 7 species, only 2 extant)
1138:
1113:
1105:
963:
875:
867:
731:
720:
693:
573:
565:
511:
480:
316:
242:
136:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
9889:
Beresford, P.; Barker, F.K.; Ryan, P.G. & Crowe, T.M. (2005).
8799:
8508:
Barker, F. Keith; Barrowclough, George F.; Groth, Jeff G. (2002).
2396:
1637:
833:
lineages comprising about 4,000 species, which in addition to the
16120:
15731:
15416:
15292:
14960:
14845:
14796:
14607:
14355:
14055:
14027:
13846:
13505:
13408:
13387:
13158:
12500:
12465:
12329:
12290:
12085:
12061:
11877:
11583:
11436:
11315:
11200:
11166:
11104:
10925:
10779:
10771:
10464:
10336:
10321:
9402:
9379:
9268:
8311:
8295:
8282:
6740:
6414:
5502:
3768:
2985:
2622:
2516:
2319:
2175:
1769:
1630:
1474:
1361:
1350:
1283:
1279:
1228:
1212:
1087:
834:
815:
807:
739:
707:
has two egg colors, white and blue, to deter the brood parasitic
632:
550:
546:
496:
488:
311:
107:
82:
15786:
15054:
14929:
14188:
13978:
13805:
13415:
12847:
12764:
11892:
11713:
11652:
11428:
11420:
11349:
11289:
11173:
11111:
10994:
10661:
10656:
10534:
10201:
9242:[Two bird fossils from the Lower Oligocene of Luberon]
9132:
8559:
1912:: woodswallows, butcherbirds, currawongs, and Australian magpie
788:
700:
628:
517:
The terms "passerine" and "Passeriformes" are derived from the
479:, representing 60% of birds. Passerines are divided into three
232:
39:
9826:"Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation"
8332:
were sampled by Oliveros et al so their position is uncertain.
1880:
615:, at 6.5 cm (2.6 in) and 4.2 g (0.15 oz).
584:, at least in modern times; they were long placed in Passeri.
434:
16335:
16164:
15759:
13951:
13429:
12270:
11904:
11599:
11386:
10949:
9240:"Deux fossiles d'oiseaux de l'OligocÚne inférieur du Luberon"
2799:
Superfamily Emberizoidea â previously known as the New World
1274:
The Passeriformes is currently divided into three suborders:
990:
947:
635:, the second and third toes are united at their basal third.
530:
472:
446:
340:
325:
1385:
428:
15626:
11575:
10942:
10905:
10875:
10289:
10255:
9950:
10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1198:AEROMS]2.0.CO;2
8997:
10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1155:MSATCO]2.0.CO;2
8278:
8239:
8235:
8169:
1892:) belongs to a minor but highly distinct lineage of Passeri
1380:
1370:
1365:
fairly close to some little-studied tropical Asian groups.
1142:
572:, do not sound musical to human beings. Some, such as the
569:
416:
388:
376:
370:
252:
9045:
10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[717:ASSPBF]2.0.CO;2
8184:
in the family Acanthisittidae; the antwrens in the family
2138:) and its relatives stand well apart from the rest of the
1628:
966:-sized bird) and several bones of at least one species of
568:
and other vocalizations, though some of them, such as the
11697:
10554:
10316:
9384:[The most ancient passerine from South America].
9248:
Courrier Scientifique du Parc Naturel RĂ©gional du Luberon
422:
410:
364:
9643:
8615:
8613:
8611:
8609:
8607:
8514:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
8507:
2866:: grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles
1924:: puffback shrikes, bush shrikes, tchagras, and boubous
1321:
of the Passeriformes and found that many families from
1040:(Early Oligocene of Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)
591:
Pterylosis or the feather tracts in a typical passerine
1016:(Early Oligocene of Frauenweiler, Germany) â suboscine
1024:(Early Oligocene of Wola RafaĆowska, Poland) â oscine
755:, not a close genetic relationship. For example, the
499:(oscines or songbirds). Passerines originated in the
437:
425:
413:
379:
367:
15964:
15837:
15135:
14969:
12641:
12107:
12097:
12050:
12040:
12030:
12020:
11981:
11971:
11961:
11951:
10080:
Lovette, Irby J. & Bermingham, Eldredge (2000).
8604:
8431:
1215:â suboscines (16 families containing 1,356 species)
537:, which refers to sparrows and similar small birds.
419:
407:
373:
361:
10846:
9684:
9566:
2499:â previously known as the superfamily Muscicapoidea
1305:, as well as minor lineages, and the superfamilies
646:Most passerine birds have 12 tail feathers but the
431:
404:
358:
10125:. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
10012:Johansson, Ulf S. & Ericson, Per G.P. (2003).
9345:
1231:â oscines (125 families containing 5,158 species)
902:, are fossil bone fragments initially assigned to
806:, and the second split involved the origin of the
10170:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
9403:Noriega, Jorge I. & Chiappe, Luis M. (1993).
9380:Noriega, Jorge I. & Chiappe, Luis M. (1991).
8898:Dyke, Gareth J.; Van Tuinen, Marcel (June 2004).
8679:The Rise of Birds: 225 Million Years of Evolution
8619:
2694:â previously known as the superfamily Passeroidea
658:. Species adapted to tree trunk climbing such as
16368:
9479:"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"
9101:Bochenski, Z.M., Tomek, T., Bujoczek, M. (2021)
8933:
1472:
1396:), one of the two surviving species of suborder
1032:(Early Oligocene of Jamna Dolna, Poland) â basal
8246:remains of small, possibly basal Passeriformes.
2154:â previously known as the superfamily Sylviodea
564:muscles among birds, producing a wide range of
12004:
9024:Mayr, Gerald & Manegold, Albrecht (2006).
8897:
8486:
8484:
8482:
11863:
10240:
9639:
9637:
9405:"An Early Miocene Passeriform from Argentina"
8971:
8969:
8967:
8555:
8553:
8464:
8462:
2061:â previously known as the parvorder Passerida
696:, where camouflage is necessary, and in some
650:has 16, and several spinetails in the family
10754:
9472:
9470:
9023:
2258:: reed warblers, Grauer's warbler and allies
985:
726:The Passeriformes contain several groups of
703:, which match the passerine host's egg. The
9603:
9601:
9599:
9597:
9595:
9468:
9466:
9464:
9462:
9460:
9458:
9456:
9454:
9452:
9450:
8479:
6193:(babblers, tit-babblers, scimitar bablers)
2486:of its ancient yet highly advanced lineage.
1166:
545:The order is divided into three suborders,
514:, and eat both insects and fruit or seeds.
455:
449:
11870:
11856:
10247:
10233:
9634:
9356:Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis
9326:Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis
9306:Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis
9111:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-021-01858-0
8964:
8929:
8927:
8676:
8550:
8459:
180:
118:
10103:
9916:
9861:
9851:
9791:
9661:
9512:
9502:
9214:
9043:
9019:
9017:
9015:
8995:
8915:
8904:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
8767:The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Ornithology
8765:Brooke, Michael and Birkhead, Tim (1991)
8653:
8587:
8533:
654:have 10, 8, or even 6, as is the case of
560:. Oscines have the best control of their
9607:
9592:
9476:
9447:
9341:
9339:
8848:
8188:; and the wren-babblers of the families
2559:
2470:
2395:
2302:
2223:
2126:
2031:
1879:
1740:
1636:
1453:
1434:
1410:
1384:
1381:Taxonomic list of Passeriformes families
989:
853:
586:
10254:
8924:
8740:
1713:: scrubwrens, thornbills, and gerygones
1048:(Early Oligocene of Poland) - suboscine
1007:onward, belonging to several lineages:
745:
14:
16369:
9012:
8854:
8730:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.stptyr1.01
8717:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.thbrav1.01
8704:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.menuri1.01
8259:of a probable Muscicapoidea, possibly
1695:: fairywrens, emu-wrens and grasswrens
849:
16046:
16045:
14958:
12373:
11929:
11851:
10739:
10228:
10105:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026255
9976:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
9725:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
9336:
9128:
9126:
9124:
9122:
9120:
9118:
8857:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
8496:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
8447:. International Ornithologists' Union
8427:
8425:
8423:
8421:
8419:
6138:(typical warblers, sylviid babblers)
1998:: white-winged chough and apostlebird
16341:AB0787CD-0A47-FF99-FDAB-FC6AE74B2740
16302:3795653d-a60a-4bfd-975c-74a14d67067e
16204:e31f1185-cc94-4016-9f45-52741f716dd3
11806:
9477:Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019).
9237:
9058:
8786:Jones, D. (2008) "Flight of fancy".
8620:Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015).
8301:piece of a swallow-sized passerine.
8156:
2780:: Old World sparrows and snowfinches
1768:â previously known as the parvorder
802:are the first to become isolated in
791:, around 50 million years ago.
11830:
9443:from the original on 13 March 2014.
9369:from the original on 16 March 2021.
9186:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
9139:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
2848:: New World sparrows, bush tanagers
2400:Like these male (right) and female
1405:International Ornithologists' Union
1266:International Ornithologists' Union
1126:
341:Roughly 140 families, 6,500 species
24:
9896:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
9771:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
9714:
9115:
8567:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
8416:
7808:(Hispaniolan tanagers and allies)
6005:(Cettia bush warblers and allies)
3519:(royal flycatchers & allies)
1294:respectively containing the large
1086:) humerus fragment from the Early
680:List of brood parasitic passerines
25:
16398:
11930:
10708:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
10180:
10044:from the original on 24 May 2006.
4186:(quail-thrushes, jewel-babblers)
2601:: Old World flycatchers and chats
2455:: Cettia bush warblers and allies
1133:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
757:wrens of the Americas and Eurasia
673:
12356:
11829:
11817:
11805:
11794:
11793:
11684:(New World vultures and condors)
10212:
10200:
10186:
10065:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x
10035:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x
8917:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00118.x
8745:. Marshall Cavendish Benchmark.
8445:IOC World Bird List Version 10.1
2926:were not sampled in this study.
2322:bird with complex vocalizations.
1862:: Old World orioles and figbirds
1785:: jewel-babblers, quail-thrushes
844:
553:(oscines or songbirds), and the
400:
354:
209:
50:
16382:Extant Eocene first appearances
10091:Molecular Biology and Evolution
9678:
9560:
9529:
9396:
9373:
9316:
9296:
9258:
9231:
9173:
9095:
9052:
8891:
8793:
8780:
8759:
8734:
8721:
8681:. JHU Press. pp. 206â207.
8380:
8371:
8362:
8353:
8344:
8335:
8317:
8304:
8288:
8249:
8224:
8203:
8162:
6672:(Old World flycatchers, chats)
5959:(long-tailed tits or bushtits)
3066:(African and green broadbills)
2208:: crombecs and African warblers
576:, are accomplished mimics. The
464:, passerines generally have an
12374:
10740:
8708:
8695:
8670:
8501:
8468:Ericson, P.G.P. et al. (2003)
2443:: long-tailed tits or bushtits
2239:can climb downwards head-first
2178:: tits, chickadees and titmice
1509:: African and green broadbills
1098:from France listed above, and
1094:, Germany, the Late Oligocene
540:
13:
1:
10191:The dictionary definition of
10160:(inactive 12 September 2024).
9997:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00067-8
9290:10.1016/j.geobios.2003.01.002
9159:10.1080/14772019.2024.2356086
8769:, Cambridge University Press
8490:Selvatti, A.P. et al. (2015)
8409:
8176:"wren" species in the family
7077:(dapple-throat & allies)
6232:(fulvettas, ground babblers)
5631:(crombecs, African warblers)
4586:(woodswallows, butcherbirds)
2818:: longspurs and snow buntings
2768:: waxbills, munias and allies
2374:: laughingthrushes and allies
684:The chicks of passerines are
580:are tiny birds restricted to
503:around 60 million years ago.
9081:10.1080/14772000.2013.765521
9061:Systematics and Biodiversity
4373:(Australo-Papuan bellbirds)
3620:(many-coloured rush tyrant)
2912:
2625:: mockingbirds and thrashers
2081:: berrypeckers and longbills
1791:: cuckooshrikes and trillers
1584:: ovenbirds and woodcreepers
878:display of plumage in males.
7:
16387:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
14959:
11748:(woodpeckers and relatives)
9746:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015
8877:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.08.005
8677:Chatterjee, Sankar (2015).
7595:(mitrosingus & allies)
7517:(longspurs, snow buntings)
5913:(leaf-warblers and allies)
2565:Gran Canaria blue chaffinch
1838:: Australo-Papuan bellbirds
1554:: gnateaters and gnatpittas
627:arrangement. The hind toe (
10:
16403:
11610:(cormorants and relatives)
10703:Extinct species since 1500
10140:Raikow, Robert J. (1982).
8180:are unrelated, as are the
6965:(gnatcatchers, gnatwrens)
6743:(mockingbirds, thrashers)
5250:(New Zealand wattlebirds)
4639:(bush-shrikes, puffbacks)
3875:(Australian treecreepers)
2714:: dapple-throat and allies
2619:: starlings and rhabdornis
2431:: leaf-warblers and allies
2356:: parrotbills and myzornis
2248:Superfamily Locustelloidea
1130:
705:vinous-throated parrotbill
677:
618:
529:, and ultimately from the
127:Clockwise from top right:
16054:
16008:
15985:
15906:
15879:
15859:
15836:
15816:
15796:
15776:
15378:
15337:
15309:
15268:
15259:
15239:
15230:
15210:
15183:
15156:
15119:
15099:
14981:
14967:
14954:
14205:
14115:
13961:
13836:
13739:
13670:
13629:
13620:
13586:
13566:
13557:
13460:
13335:
13315:
13267:
13071:
12974:
12891:
12857:
12842:
12833:
12788:
12691:
12682:
12655:
12630:
12621:
12594:
12420:
12386:
12382:
12369:
12354:
12328:
12304:
12280:
12246:
12219:
12157:
12130:
12121:
12093:
12084:
12075:
11995:
11942:
11938:
11925:
11887:
11789:
11740:(kingfishers and rollers)
11672:
11627:
11594:(albatrosses and petrels)
11566:
11537:
11508:
11487:
11478:(swifts and hummingbirds)
11460:(nightjars and relatives)
11448:
11411:
11402:
11369:
11332:
11323:
11314:
11310:
11284:(pheasants and relatives)
11259:
11183:
11142:
11080:
11052:
11028:
11004:
10977:
10898:
10885:
10842:
10815:
10811:
10750:
10746:
10735:
10731:
10670:
10573:
10473:
10423:
10350:
10280:
10267:
9207:10.1017/S1477201906001957
8741:Stefoff, Rebecca (2008).
8281:and tarsometatarsus of a
7842:
7826:
7819:
7803:
7796:
7780:
7773:
7757:
7750:
7716:
7700:
7693:
7677:
7670:
7663:
7647:
7640:
7606:
7590:
7583:
7567:
7560:
7553:
7528:
7512:
7505:
7498:
7482:
7475:
7456:
7449:
7433:
7426:
7410:
7403:
7387:
7380:
7337:
7321:
7314:
7298:
7291:
7283:
7276:
7269:
7253:
7246:
7230:
7223:
7198:
7182:
7175:
7168:
7143:
7127:
7120:
7113:
7088:
7072:
7065:
7058:
6976:
6960:
6953:
6929:
6913:
6906:
6899:
6883:
6876:
6860:
6853:
6834:
6824:
6754:
6738:
6731:
6715:
6708:
6683:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6637:
6630:
6614:
6607:
6597:
6590:
6520:
6504:
6497:
6481:
6474:
6458:
6451:
6435:
6428:
6412:
6405:
6395:
6388:
6378:
6227:
6211:
6204:
6188:
6181:
6165:
6158:
6133:
6122:(parrotbills, fulvettas)
6117:
6110:
6103:
6087:
6080:
6021:(streaked scrub warbler)
6016:
6000:
5993:
5977:
5970:
5954:
5947:
5931:
5924:
5908:
5901:
5891:
5866:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5784:
5768:
5761:
5745:
5738:
5712:
5696:
5689:
5682:
5672:
5665:
5649:
5642:
5626:
5619:
5603:
5596:
5571:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5516:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5461:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5421:
5414:
5371:
5355:
5348:
5332:
5325:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5261:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5019:
5003:
4996:
4980:
4973:
4957:
4950:
4934:
4927:
4893:
4877:
4870:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4824:
4817:
4801:
4794:
4730:
4714:
4707:
4673:
4657:
4650:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4604:
4597:
4581:
4574:
4558:
4551:
4541:
4471:
4455:
4448:
4423:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4368:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4322:
4315:
4304:(whipbirds & allies)
4299:
4292:
4282:
4275:
4250:
4239:(whitehead & allies)
4234:
4227:
4220:
4204:
4197:
4181:
4174:
4164:
4130:
4114:
4107:
4097:
4090:
4029:
4013:
4006:
3990:
3983:
3967:
3960:
3944:
3937:
3927:
3920:
3886:
3870:
3863:
3853:
3846:
3812:
3796:
3789:
3779:
3772:
3654:
3643:(mionectine flycatchers)
3638:
3631:
3615:
3608:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3562:
3555:
3530:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3484:
3477:
3461:
3454:
3438:
3431:
3358:
3342:
3335:
3319:
3312:
3296:
3289:
3273:
3266:
3250:
3243:
3209:
3193:
3186:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3146:
3100:
3084:
3077:
3061:
3054:
3029:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2989:
2979:
2954:
2944:
2937:
2762:: indigobirds and whydahs
2636:: goldcrests and kinglets
2421:Superfamily Aegithaloidea
2270:: black-capped donacobius
2087:: New Zealand wattlebirds
2022:: crows, ravens, and jays
1942:: wattle-eyes and batises
1683:: Australian treecreepers
1226:
1210:
1203:
1187:
1180:
1090:(roughly 20 mya) of
986:Early European passerines
613:short-tailed pygmy tyrant
339:
332:
296:
291:
206:Scientific classification
204:
191:
179:
126:
117:
34:
11882:and their extinct allies
11639:(seriemas and relatives)
11618:(pelicans and relatives)
10022:Journal of Avian Biology
5701:(acrocephalid warblers)
4939:(Australian mudnesters)
4135:(Australasian babblers)
4018:(Australasian warblers)
3018:(eurylaimid broadbills)
2449:: streaked scrub warbler
1751:Sericulus chrysocephalus
1167:Systematics and taxonomy
599:and the larger races of
194:purple-crowned fairywren
11732:(hornbills and hoopoes)
11647:(falcons and relatives)
9853:10.1073/pnas.0401892101
9542:16 October 2007 at the
9504:10.1073/pnas.1813206116
8806:The American Naturalist
7831:(Puerto Rican tanager)
7721:(yellow-breasted chat)
7705:(New World blackbirds)
7342:(indigobirds, whydals)
6525:(Hawaiian honeyeaters)
4719:(wattle-eyes, batsies)
4412:(painted berrypickers)
2836:: mitrospingid tanagers
2792:: finches and euphonias
2264:: grassbirds and allies
2214:: cisticolas and allies
1487:: Old World suboscines
1459:Andean cock-of-the-rock
1349:of New Zealand and the
1333:" families such as the
1157:"Palaeostruthus" eurius
1108:(about 10â2 mya).
11716:(trogons and quetzals)
11528:(cranes and relatives)
10798:(emus and cassowaries)
10688:Glossary of bird terms
10500:Confuciusornithiformes
9909:10.1098/rspb.2004.2997
9877:Supporting information
9784:10.1098/rspb.2001.1883
8646:10.1126/sciadv.1501005
8580:10.1098/rspb.2001.1877
8526:10.1098/rspb.2001.1883
5466:(crested flycatchers)
4609:(mottled berryhunter)
2902:: Hispaniolan tanagers
2890:: Puerto Rican tanager
2860:: yellow-breasted chat
2801:nine-primaried oscines
2568:
2487:
2476:Lesser striped swallow
2413:
2323:
2293:: swallows and martins
2240:
2145:
2051:
2045:Acrocephalus dumetorum
1893:
1844:: painted berrypeckers
1810:Superfamily Orioloidea
1758:
1658:
1633:(oscines or songbirds)
1534:: New World suboscines
1515:: broad-billed sapayoa
1469:
1451:
1400:
1341:have turned out to be
1149:with the single genus
1000:
879:
864:Menura novaehollandiae
592:
456:
450:
169:southern masked weaver
16323:Paleobiology Database
11557:(kagu and sunbittern)
11520:(gulls and relatives)
10525:Songlingornithiformes
10490:Omnivoropterygiformes
10121:Mayr, Gerald (2016).
9663:10.1093/sysbio/sys094
8788:Australian Geographic
8314:, possibly suboscine.
7572:(cardinal grosbeaks)
7461:(finches, euphonias)
7258:(Przevalski's finch)
5982:(yellow flycatchers)
3949:(Australasian wrens)
3659:(tyrant flycatchers)
2842:: tanagers and allies
2812:: rosy thrush-tanager
2786:: wagtails and pipits
2607:: thrushes and allies
2563:
2474:
2399:
2306:
2229:Brown-headed nuthatch
2227:
2130:
2035:
1980:: monarch flycatchers
1918:: mottled berryhunter
1883:
1744:
1640:
1457:
1438:
1411:Suborder Acanthisitti
1390:New Zealand rock wren
1388:
1278:(New Zealand wrens),
1123:and paleosubspecies.
993:
857:
668:long-tailed widowbird
590:
487:(New Zealand wrens),
16199:Fauna Europaea (new)
11379:Phoenicopteriformes
10209:at Wikimedia Commons
10158:10.1093/auk/99.3.431
9882:25 June 2008 at the
9553:31 July 2008 at the
9324:MåtraszÔlÔs 2].
8238:86822, 86825-86826;
7652:(American sparrows)
7326:(estrildid finches)
6463:(silky-flycatchers)
5855:(martins, swallows)
5773:(Malagasy warblers)
5314:(Australian robins)
4898:(birds-of-paradise)
4460:(orioles, figbirds)
2959:(New Zealand wrens)
2854:: New World warblers
2750:: Przewalski's finch
2461:: yellow flycatchers
2041:Blyth's reed warbler
1826:: wattled ploughbill
1621:: tyrant flycatchers
1615:: tityras and allies
1537:Parvorder Furnariida
1503:: typical broadbills
1394:Xenicus gilviventris
874:, with a peculiarly
820:Australian continent
776:paleobiogeographical
765:those of New Zealand
753:convergent evolution
746:Origin and evolution
506:Most passerines are
491:(composed mostly of
11350:Mesitornithiformes
11344:(doves and pigeons)
10678:Families and orders
10540:Ichthyornithiformes
10515:Patagopterygiformes
9989:2003MolPE..29..126E
9844:2004PNAS..10111040B
9838:(30): 11040â11045.
9738:2006MolPE..38..381A
9495:2019PNAS..116.7916O
9282:2003Geobi..36..719H
9199:2007JSPal...5....1W
9151:2024JSPal..2256086L
9073:2013SyBio..11....7M
8950:1997EmuAO..97...43B
8869:2004MolPE..31..486B
8638:2015SciA....1E1005C
7438:(wagtails, pipits)
6759:(starlings, mynas)
6216:(laughingthrushes)
5576:(bearded reedling)
5505:(tits, chickadees)
3489:(tityras, becards)
2692:Parvorder Passerida
2531:: silky flycatchers
2480:Cecropis abyssinica
2380:: Alcippe fulvettas
2276:: Malagasy warblers
2172:: fairy flycatchers
2136:Cyanistes caeruleus
2099:: Australian robins
1992:: birds-of-paradise
1986:: blue-capped ifrit
1592:Parvorder Tyrannida
1572:: typical tapaculos
1463:Rupicola peruvianus
1425:: New Zealand wrens
1282:, (suboscines) and
982:, 19â16 mya).
910:of Europe, such as
850:Earliest passerines
781:Southern Hemisphere
656:Des Murs's wiretail
501:Southern Hemisphere
141:Cyanocitta cristata
13229:Sylviorthorhynchus
11692:(eagles and hawks)
11592:Procellariiformes
11497:Opisthocomiformes
11466:Steatornithiformes
10693:List by population
10530:Hongshanornithidae
10455:Evolution of birds
9650:Systematic Biology
8435:; Donsker, David;
8285:-sized passerine.
7203:(fairy bluebirds)
4561:Machaerirhynchidae
3175:(crescent chests)
2589:: spotted elachura
2569:
2488:
2414:
2406:Erythrura gouldiae
2350:: sylviid babblers
2324:
2241:
2190:: bearded reedling
2152:Parvorder Sylviida
2146:
2052:
2047:), are now in the
1904:Machaerirhynchidae
1894:
1759:
1659:
1651:Notiomystis cincta
1470:
1452:
1444:Hydrornis guajanus
1440:Javan banded pitta
1401:
1339:Old World babblers
1335:Old World warblers
1001:
900:Murgon, Queensland
890:specimens F20688 (
880:
761:those of Australia
597:thick-billed raven
593:
16364:
16363:
16310:Open Tree of Life
16048:Taxon identifiers
16039:
16038:
16035:
16034:
16031:
16030:
15908:Ptilonorhynchidae
15333:
15332:
15329:
15328:
14950:
14949:
14946:
14945:
14111:
14110:
14107:
14106:
13263:
13262:
13259:
13258:
12829:
12828:
12646:Pseudoseisuropsis
12365:
12364:
12352:
12351:
12348:
12347:
12324:
12323:
12300:
12299:
12196:Pseudocalyptomena
12071:
12070:
11845:
11844:
11785:
11784:
11781:
11780:
11777:
11776:
11773:
11772:
11769:
11768:
11765:
11764:
11761:
11760:
11757:
11756:
11578:(loons or divers)
11547:Phaethontiformes
11539:Phaethontimorphae
11489:Opisthocomiformes
11458:Caprimulgiformes
11398:
11397:
11387:Podicipediformes
11306:
11305:
11302:
11301:
11298:
11297:
11024:
11023:
10807:
10806:
10764:Struthioniformes
10632:Waterfowl hunting
10565:Gastornithiformes
10560:Aepyornithiformes
10550:Lithornithiformes
10205:Media related to
10132:978-1-119-02076-9
10098:(10): 1569â1577.
10052:Zoologica Scripta
9903:(1565): 849â858.
9778:(1488): 295â308.
9703:978-0-9568611-2-2
9627:978-0-9568611-2-2
9585:978-0-9568611-2-2
9489:(16): 7916â7925.
9238:Roux, T. (2002).
9181:Worthy, Trevor H.
8574:(1488): 235â241.
8520:(1488): 295â308.
8437:Rasmussen, Pamela
8182:New Zealand wrens
8157:Explanatory notes
8153:
8152:
8144:
8143:
8135:
8134:
8126:
8125:
8117:
8116:
8108:
8107:
8099:
8098:
8090:
8089:
8081:
8080:
8072:
8071:
8063:
8062:
8054:
8053:
8045:
8044:
8036:
8035:
8027:
8026:
8018:
8017:
8009:
8008:
8000:
7999:
7991:
7990:
7982:
7981:
7973:
7972:
7964:
7963:
7955:
7954:
7946:
7945:
7937:
7936:
7928:
7927:
7919:
7918:
7910:
7909:
7901:
7900:
7892:
7891:
7883:
7882:
7874:
7873:
7865:
7864:
7856:
7855:
7739:
7738:
7730:
7729:
7629:
7628:
7620:
7619:
7542:
7541:
7487:(thrush-tanager)
7369:
7368:
7360:
7359:
7351:
7350:
7212:
7211:
7157:
7156:
7102:
7101:
7044:
7043:
7035:
7034:
7026:
7025:
7017:
7016:
7008:
7007:
6999:
6998:
6990:
6989:
6942:
6941:
6813:
6812:
6804:
6803:
6795:
6794:
6786:
6785:
6777:
6776:
6768:
6767:
6697:
6696:
6579:
6578:
6570:
6569:
6561:
6560:
6552:
6551:
6543:
6542:
6534:
6533:
6367:
6366:
6358:
6357:
6349:
6348:
6340:
6339:
6331:
6330:
6322:
6321:
6313:
6312:
6304:
6303:
6295:
6294:
6286:
6285:
6277:
6276:
6268:
6267:
6259:
6258:
6250:
6249:
6241:
6240:
6147:
6146:
6120:Paradoxornithidae
6066:
6065:
6057:
6056:
6048:
6047:
6039:
6038:
6030:
6029:
5880:
5879:
5825:
5824:
5816:
5815:
5807:
5806:
5798:
5797:
5727:
5726:
5585:
5584:
5530:
5529:
5521:(penduline tits)
5475:
5474:
5403:
5402:
5394:
5393:
5385:
5384:
5284:
5283:
5275:
5274:
5213:
5212:
5174:
5173:
5132:
5131:
5123:
5122:
5114:
5113:
5105:
5104:
5096:
5095:
5087:
5086:
5078:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5060:
5059:
5051:
5050:
5042:
5041:
5033:
5032:
4916:
4915:
4907:
4906:
4780:
4779:
4771:
4770:
4762:
4761:
4753:
4752:
4744:
4743:
4696:
4695:
4687:
4686:
4530:
4529:
4521:
4520:
4512:
4511:
4503:
4502:
4494:
4493:
4485:
4484:
4437:
4436:
4382:
4381:
4264:
4263:
4153:
4152:
4144:
4143:
4079:
4078:
4070:
4069:
4061:
4060:
4052:
4051:
4043:
4042:
3909:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3889:Ptilonorhynchidae
3835:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3758:
3757:
3749:
3748:
3740:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3722:
3721:
3713:
3712:
3704:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3668:
3667:
3544:
3543:
3417:
3416:
3408:
3407:
3399:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3381:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3232:
3231:
3223:
3222:
3132:
3131:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3113:
3043:
3042:
2968:
2967:
2738:: fairy-bluebirds
2412:are very colorful
2386:: ground babblers
2354:Paradoxornithidae
2312:Catharus guttatus
2132:Eurasian blue tit
1755:Ptilonorhynchidae
1725:: pseudo-babblers
1687:Ptilonorhynchidae
1272:
1271:
1268:in January 2020.
1258:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1239:
944:Manuherikia River
940:Bathans Formation
888:Queensland Museum
872:sexual dimorphism
800:New Zealand wrens
772:molecular biology
609:birds-of-paradise
578:New Zealand wrens
527:Passer domesticus
495:suboscines), and
346:
345:
287:
198:Malurus coronatus
185:
149:Passer domesticus
129:Palestine sunbird
16:(Redirected from
16394:
16357:
16356:
16344:
16343:
16331:
16330:
16318:
16317:
16305:
16304:
16295:
16294:
16282:
16281:
16279:NBNSYS0000160635
16269:
16268:
16256:
16255:
16243:
16242:
16230:
16229:
16217:
16216:
16207:
16206:
16194:
16193:
16181:
16180:
16168:
16167:
16155:
16154:
16142:
16141:
16129:
16128:
16126:CFD2583725187A48
16116:
16115:
16103:
16102:
16090:
16089:
16088:
16075:
16074:
16073:
16043:
16042:
15966:
15839:
15339:Melanocharitidae
15266:
15265:
15237:
15236:
15137:
15101:Atrichornithidae
14979:
14978:
14971:
14956:
14955:
14741:Pseudocolopteryx
13627:
13626:
13564:
13563:
12840:
12839:
12689:
12688:
12684:Dendrocolaptinae
12643:
12628:
12627:
12384:
12383:
12371:
12370:
12360:
12128:
12127:
12109:
12099:
12091:
12090:
12082:
12081:
12052:
12042:
12032:
12022:
12002:
12001:
11983:
11973:
11963:
11953:
11940:
11939:
11927:
11926:
11911:Psittacopasseres
11872:
11865:
11858:
11849:
11848:
11833:
11832:
11821:
11809:
11808:
11797:
11796:
11749:
11741:
11733:
11725:
11722:Leptosomiformes
11717:
11709:
11701:
11693:
11690:Accipitriformes
11685:
11664:
11663:(perching birds)
11656:
11648:
11640:
11619:
11611:
11603:
11595:
11587:
11584:Sphenisciformes
11579:
11558:
11550:
11529:
11521:
11518:Charadriiformes
11500:
11479:
11461:
11440:
11432:
11429:Musophagiformes
11424:
11409:
11408:
11390:
11382:
11361:
11353:
11345:
11330:
11329:
11321:
11320:
11312:
11311:
11285:
11272:
11050:
11049:
11046:
11039:
10952:
10945:
10909:
10896:
10895:
10892:
10883:
10882:
10879:
10844:
10843:
10840:
10839:
10813:
10812:
10799:
10791:
10783:
10775:
10767:
10752:
10751:
10748:
10747:
10737:
10736:
10733:
10732:
10600:Bird collections
10555:Dinornithiformes
10460:Darwin's finches
10450:Origin of flight
10390:Seabird breeding
10380:Sexual selection
10249:
10242:
10235:
10226:
10225:
10217:Data related to
10216:
10204:
10190:
10175:
10169:
10161:
10136:
10117:
10107:
10076:
10045:
10043:
10018:
10008:
9969:
9944:(6): 1198â1206.
9930:
9920:
9875:
9865:
9855:
9820:
9818:
9816:
9810:
9804:. Archived from
9795:
9767:
9757:
9708:
9707:
9682:
9676:
9675:
9665:
9641:
9632:
9631:
9605:
9590:
9589:
9564:
9558:
9533:
9527:
9526:
9516:
9506:
9474:
9445:
9444:
9442:
9409:
9400:
9394:
9393:
9377:
9371:
9370:
9368:
9353:
9343:
9334:
9333:
9320:
9314:
9313:
9300:
9294:
9293:
9262:
9256:
9255:
9245:
9235:
9229:
9228:
9218:
9177:
9171:
9170:
9130:
9113:
9099:
9093:
9092:
9056:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9021:
9010:
9009:
8999:
8990:(4): 1155â1160.
8973:
8962:
8961:
8931:
8922:
8921:
8919:
8895:
8889:
8888:
8852:
8846:
8845:
8797:
8791:
8784:
8778:
8763:
8757:
8756:
8738:
8732:
8725:
8719:
8712:
8706:
8699:
8693:
8692:
8674:
8668:
8667:
8657:
8632:(11): e1501005.
8626:Science Advances
8617:
8602:
8601:
8591:
8557:
8548:
8547:
8537:
8505:
8499:
8488:
8477:
8466:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8452:
8429:
8404:
8384:
8378:
8375:
8369:
8366:
8360:
8357:
8351:
8348:
8342:
8339:
8333:
8321:
8315:
8308:
8302:
8292:
8286:
8253:
8247:
8228:
8222:
8207:
8201:
8166:
7822:
7821:
7806:Phaenicophilidae
7799:
7798:
7776:
7775:
7762:(chat-tanagers)
7753:
7752:
7696:
7695:
7682:(wood warblers)
7673:
7672:
7666:
7665:
7643:
7642:
7586:
7585:
7563:
7562:
7556:
7555:
7508:
7507:
7501:
7500:
7485:Rhodinocichlidae
7478:
7477:
7452:
7451:
7429:
7428:
7406:
7405:
7383:
7382:
7317:
7316:
7294:
7293:
7286:
7285:
7279:
7278:
7272:
7271:
7249:
7248:
7235:(olive warbler)
7226:
7225:
7178:
7177:
7171:
7170:
7132:(flowerpeckers)
7123:
7122:
7116:
7115:
7068:
7067:
7061:
7060:
6956:
6955:
6909:
6908:
6902:
6901:
6879:
6878:
6856:
6855:
6827:
6826:
6734:
6733:
6711:
6710:
6663:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6633:
6632:
6610:
6609:
6600:
6599:
6593:
6592:
6500:
6499:
6477:
6476:
6454:
6453:
6431:
6430:
6408:
6407:
6398:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6207:
6206:
6184:
6183:
6161:
6160:
6113:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6083:
6082:
5996:
5995:
5973:
5972:
5950:
5949:
5927:
5926:
5904:
5903:
5894:
5893:
5871:(wren warblers)
5846:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5764:
5763:
5741:
5740:
5692:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5675:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5645:
5644:
5622:
5621:
5599:
5598:
5551:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5496:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5441:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5424:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5351:
5350:
5328:
5327:
5305:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5241:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5202:Melanocharitidae
5195:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5156:
5155:
5149:
5148:
4999:
4998:
4976:
4975:
4953:
4952:
4930:
4929:
4873:
4872:
4850:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4820:
4819:
4797:
4796:
4710:
4709:
4653:
4652:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4600:
4599:
4577:
4576:
4554:
4553:
4544:
4543:
4451:
4450:
4403:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4348:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4318:
4317:
4295:
4294:
4285:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4230:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4209:(cuckooshrikes)
4200:
4199:
4177:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4110:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4009:
4008:
3986:
3985:
3963:
3962:
3940:
3939:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3866:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3815:Atrichornithidae
3792:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3634:
3633:
3611:
3610:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3558:
3557:
3517:Onychorhynchidae
3510:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3480:
3479:
3457:
3456:
3434:
3433:
3345:Dendrocolaptidae
3338:
3337:
3315:
3314:
3292:
3291:
3269:
3268:
3246:
3245:
3189:
3188:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3080:
3079:
3057:
3056:
3009:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2900:Phaenicophilidae
2884:: Cuban warblers
2810:Rhodinocichlidae
2482:), showing some
2402:Gouldian finches
2184:: penduline tits
2079:Melanocharitidae
1824:Eulacestomatidae
1747:regent bowerbird
1669:Atrichornithidae
1657:with honeyeaters
1548:: crescentchests
1446:), an Old World
1354:bearded reedling
1206:
1205:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1127:American fossils
459:
453:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
279:
266:Psittacopasseres
214:
213:
187:
186:
122:
112:
49:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
16402:
16401:
16397:
16396:
16395:
16393:
16392:
16391:
16367:
16366:
16365:
16360:
16352:
16347:
16339:
16334:
16326:
16321:
16313:
16308:
16300:
16298:
16290:
16285:
16277:
16272:
16264:
16259:
16251:
16246:
16238:
16233:
16225:
16220:
16212:
16210:
16202:
16197:
16189:
16184:
16176:
16171:
16163:
16158:
16150:
16145:
16137:
16132:
16124:
16119:
16111:
16106:
16098:
16093:
16084:
16083:
16078:
16069:
16068:
16063:
16050:
16040:
16027:
16004:
15981:
15952:Ptilonorhynchus
15902:
15875:
15855:
15832:
15812:
15792:
15772:
15396:Acanthorhynchus
15374:
15325:
15305:
15255:
15226:
15206:
15179:
15152:
15115:
15095:
14977:
14963:
14942:
14201:
14103:
13957:
13832:
13735:
13666:
13616:
13582:
13568:Euchrepomidinae
13553:
13456:
13331:
13317:Melanopareiidae
13311:
13255:
13067:
12970:
12887:
12853:
12825:
12784:
12702:Campylorhamphus
12693:Dendrocolaptini
12678:
12651:
12617:
12590:
12508:Perissocephalus
12416:
12378:
12361:
12344:
12320:
12296:
12276:
12242:
12215:
12153:
12117:
12067:
12006:Acanthisittidae
11991:
11956:Corvitalusoides
11934:
11921:
11883:
11876:
11846:
11841:
11753:
11747:
11739:
11731:
11730:Bucerotiformes
11724:(cuckoo-roller)
11723:
11715:
11707:
11699:
11691:
11683:
11682:Cathartiformes
11668:
11662:
11654:
11653:Psittaciformes
11646:
11638:
11623:
11617:
11616:Pelecaniformes
11609:
11601:
11593:
11585:
11577:
11562:
11556:
11555:Eurypygiformes
11548:
11533:
11527:
11519:
11504:
11498:
11483:
11477:
11459:
11444:
11438:
11430:
11422:
11394:
11388:
11380:
11365:
11359:
11358:Pterocliformes
11351:
11343:
11294:
11283:
11270:
11255:
11179:
11138:
11076:
11041:
11040:
11033:
11032:
11020:
11000:
10973:
10950:
10943:
10903:
10902:
10890:
10889:
10873:
10872:
10869:
10867:
10865:
10863:
10861:
10859:
10857:
10855:
10853:
10851:
10849:
10834:
10832:
10830:
10828:
10826:
10824:
10822:
10820:
10818:
10803:
10797:
10796:Casuariiformes
10789:
10788:Apterygiformes
10781:
10773:
10765:
10742:
10727:
10698:Lists by region
10666:
10576:
10569:
10510:Chaoyangiformes
10495:Jeholornithidae
10469:
10433:Origin of birds
10419:
10400:Brood parasites
10346:
10276:
10263:
10253:
10183:
10178:
10163:
10162:
10139:
10133:
10120:
10079:
10048:
10041:
10016:
10011:
9972:
9933:
9888:
9884:Wayback Machine
9823:
9814:
9812:
9808:
9765:
9760:
9721:
9717:
9715:Further reading
9712:
9711:
9704:
9692:, eds. (2014).
9686:Dickinson, E.C.
9683:
9679:
9642:
9635:
9628:
9610:Dickinson, E.C.
9606:
9593:
9586:
9574:, eds. (2014).
9568:Dickinson, E.C.
9565:
9561:
9555:Wayback Machine
9544:Wayback Machine
9534:
9530:
9475:
9448:
9440:
9426:10.2307/4088653
9407:
9401:
9397:
9378:
9374:
9366:
9351:
9344:
9337:
9321:
9317:
9301:
9297:
9263:
9259:
9243:
9236:
9232:
9178:
9174:
9131:
9116:
9100:
9096:
9057:
9053:
9022:
9013:
8974:
8965:
8958:10.1071/MU97004
8932:
8925:
8896:
8892:
8853:
8849:
8798:
8794:
8785:
8781:
8764:
8760:
8753:
8739:
8735:
8726:
8722:
8713:
8709:
8700:
8696:
8689:
8675:
8671:
8618:
8605:
8558:
8551:
8506:
8502:
8489:
8480:
8467:
8460:
8450:
8448:
8439:, eds. (2020).
8430:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8385:
8381:
8376:
8372:
8367:
8363:
8358:
8354:
8349:
8345:
8340:
8336:
8322:
8318:
8309:
8305:
8293:
8289:
8272:tarsometatarsus
8254:
8250:
8229:
8225:
8208:
8204:
8167:
8163:
8159:
8154:
8145:
8136:
8127:
8118:
8109:
8100:
8091:
8082:
8073:
8064:
8055:
8046:
8037:
8028:
8019:
8010:
8001:
7992:
7983:
7974:
7965:
7956:
7947:
7938:
7929:
7920:
7911:
7902:
7893:
7884:
7875:
7866:
7857:
7760:Calyptophilidae
7740:
7731:
7630:
7621:
7543:
7370:
7361:
7352:
7256:Urocynchramidae
7213:
7158:
7103:
7045:
7036:
7027:
7018:
7009:
7000:
6991:
6943:
6918:(treecreepers)
6814:
6805:
6796:
6787:
6778:
6769:
6698:
6580:
6571:
6562:
6553:
6544:
6535:
6461:Ptiliogonatidae
6368:
6359:
6350:
6341:
6332:
6323:
6314:
6305:
6296:
6287:
6278:
6269:
6260:
6251:
6242:
6148:
6067:
6058:
6049:
6040:
6031:
5980:Erythrocercidae
5881:
5826:
5817:
5808:
5799:
5728:
5586:
5531:
5476:
5404:
5395:
5386:
5360:(rock-jumpers)
5337:(rail-babbler)
5285:
5276:
5214:
5204:(berrypeckers)
5175:
5133:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5097:
5088:
5079:
5070:
5061:
5052:
5043:
5034:
4917:
4908:
4781:
4772:
4763:
4754:
4745:
4697:
4688:
4531:
4522:
4513:
4504:
4495:
4486:
4474:Pachycephalidae
4438:
4383:
4265:
4184:Cinclosomatidae
4154:
4145:
4080:
4071:
4062:
4053:
4044:
3972:(bristlebirds)
3910:
3901:
3836:
3827:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3732:
3723:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3687:
3678:
3669:
3641:Rhynchocyclidae
3545:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3373:
3347:(woodcreepers)
3233:
3224:
3173:Melanopareiidae
3133:
3124:
3115:
3044:
2969:
2957:Acanthisittidae
2915:
2872:: chat-tanagers
2870:Calyptophilidae
2748:Urocynchramidae
2744:: olive warbler
2726:: flowerpeckers
2529:Ptiliogonatidae
2459:Erythrocercidae
2368:: tree babblers
2287:: wren-babblers
2039:, such as this
1890:Regulus regulus
1854:Pachycephalidae
1783:Cinclosomatidae
1635:
1626:
1589:
1546:Melanopareiidae
1535:
1526:
1479:
1423:Acanthisittidae
1413:
1383:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1169:
1135:
1129:
1096:carpometacarpus
988:
960:tarsometatarsus
950:, New Zealand,
892:carpometacarpus
866:): This unique
860:superb lyrebird
852:
847:
839:biogeographical
748:
728:brood parasites
690:Charadriiformes
682:
676:
648:superb lyrebird
621:
605:superb lyrebird
543:
519:scientific name
475:of terrestrial
403:
399:
357:
353:
278:
208:
181:
173:Ploceus velatus
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
44:
43:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
16400:
16390:
16389:
16384:
16379:
16362:
16361:
16359:
16358:
16345:
16332:
16319:
16306:
16296:
16283:
16270:
16257:
16244:
16231:
16218:
16208:
16195:
16186:Fauna Europaea
16182:
16169:
16156:
16143:
16130:
16117:
16104:
16091:
16076:
16060:
16058:
16052:
16051:
16037:
16036:
16033:
16032:
16029:
16028:
16026:
16025:
16024:
16023:
16014:
16012:
16006:
16005:
16003:
16002:
16001:
16000:
15991:
15989:
15983:
15982:
15980:
15979:
15972:
15962:
15955:
15948:
15941:
15934:
15927:
15920:
15912:
15910:
15904:
15903:
15901:
15900:
15893:
15885:
15883:
15881:Pomatostomidae
15877:
15876:
15874:
15873:
15865:
15863:
15857:
15856:
15854:
15853:
15845:
15843:
15841:Palaeoscinidae
15834:
15833:
15831:
15830:
15822:
15820:
15814:
15813:
15811:
15810:
15802:
15800:
15794:
15793:
15791:
15790:
15782:
15780:
15774:
15773:
15771:
15770:
15763:
15756:
15749:
15742:
15735:
15728:
15721:
15714:
15707:
15700:
15693:
15686:
15679:
15672:
15665:
15658:
15651:
15644:
15637:
15630:
15623:
15616:
15609:
15602:
15595:
15588:
15581:
15574:
15567:
15560:
15553:
15546:
15539:
15532:
15525:
15518:
15511:
15504:
15497:
15490:
15483:
15476:
15469:
15462:
15455:
15448:
15441:
15434:
15427:
15420:
15413:
15406:
15399:
15392:
15384:
15382:
15376:
15375:
15373:
15372:
15365:
15358:
15351:
15343:
15341:
15335:
15334:
15331:
15330:
15327:
15326:
15324:
15323:
15315:
15313:
15307:
15306:
15304:
15303:
15296:
15289:
15282:
15274:
15272:
15263:
15257:
15256:
15254:
15253:
15245:
15243:
15241:Amytornithinae
15234:
15228:
15227:
15225:
15224:
15216:
15214:
15212:Dasyornithidae
15208:
15207:
15205:
15204:
15197:
15189:
15187:
15181:
15180:
15178:
15177:
15170:
15162:
15160:
15154:
15153:
15151:
15150:
15143:
15133:
15125:
15123:
15117:
15116:
15114:
15113:
15105:
15103:
15097:
15096:
15094:
15093:
15086:
15079:
15072:
15065:
15058:
15051:
15044:
15037:
15030:
15023:
15016:
15009:
15002:
14995:
14987:
14985:
14968:
14965:
14964:
14952:
14951:
14948:
14947:
14944:
14943:
14941:
14940:
14933:
14926:
14919:
14912:
14905:
14898:
14891:
14884:
14877:
14870:
14863:
14856:
14849:
14842:
14835:
14828:
14821:
14814:
14807:
14800:
14793:
14786:
14779:
14772:
14765:
14758:
14751:
14744:
14737:
14730:
14723:
14716:
14713:Poecilotriccus
14709:
14702:
14695:
14688:
14681:
14674:
14667:
14660:
14653:
14646:
14639:
14632:
14625:
14618:
14611:
14604:
14597:
14590:
14583:
14576:
14569:
14562:
14555:
14548:
14541:
14534:
14527:
14520:
14513:
14506:
14499:
14492:
14485:
14478:
14471:
14464:
14457:
14450:
14443:
14436:
14429:
14422:
14415:
14408:
14401:
14394:
14391:Griseotyrannus
14387:
14380:
14373:
14366:
14359:
14352:
14345:
14338:
14331:
14324:
14317:
14310:
14303:
14296:
14289:
14282:
14275:
14268:
14261:
14254:
14247:
14240:
14233:
14226:
14219:
14211:
14209:
14203:
14202:
14200:
14199:
14192:
14185:
14178:
14171:
14164:
14157:
14154:Onychorhynchus
14150:
14143:
14136:
14129:
14121:
14119:
14113:
14112:
14109:
14108:
14105:
14104:
14102:
14101:
14094:
14087:
14080:
14073:
14066:
14063:Sakesphoroides
14059:
14052:
14045:
14038:
14031:
14024:
14017:
14010:
14003:
13996:
13989:
13982:
13975:
13967:
13965:
13959:
13958:
13956:
13955:
13948:
13941:
13934:
13927:
13920:
13913:
13906:
13899:
13892:
13885:
13878:
13871:
13864:
13857:
13850:
13842:
13840:
13834:
13833:
13831:
13830:
13823:
13816:
13809:
13802:
13795:
13788:
13781:
13774:
13767:
13760:
13757:Cercomacroides
13753:
13745:
13743:
13737:
13736:
13734:
13733:
13726:
13719:
13712:
13705:
13702:Epinecrophylla
13698:
13691:
13684:
13676:
13674:
13668:
13667:
13665:
13664:
13657:
13650:
13643:
13635:
13633:
13624:
13622:Thamnophilinae
13618:
13617:
13615:
13614:
13607:
13600:
13592:
13590:
13588:Myrmornithinae
13584:
13583:
13581:
13580:
13572:
13570:
13561:
13559:Thamnophilidae
13555:
13554:
13552:
13551:
13544:
13537:
13530:
13523:
13516:
13509:
13502:
13495:
13488:
13481:
13478:Eleoscytalopus
13474:
13466:
13464:
13462:Rhinocryptidae
13458:
13457:
13455:
13454:
13447:
13440:
13433:
13426:
13419:
13412:
13405:
13402:Machaeropterus
13398:
13391:
13384:
13377:
13370:
13363:
13356:
13349:
13341:
13339:
13333:
13332:
13330:
13329:
13321:
13319:
13313:
13312:
13310:
13309:
13302:
13295:
13288:
13281:
13273:
13271:
13265:
13264:
13261:
13260:
13257:
13256:
13254:
13253:
13246:
13239:
13232:
13225:
13218:
13211:
13208:Schoeniophylax
13204:
13197:
13190:
13183:
13176:
13169:
13162:
13155:
13148:
13141:
13134:
13127:
13120:
13113:
13106:
13099:
13092:
13085:
13077:
13075:
13069:
13068:
13066:
13065:
13058:
13051:
13044:
13037:
13030:
13023:
13016:
13013:Cichlocolaptes
13009:
13002:
12995:
12988:
12980:
12978:
12972:
12971:
12969:
12968:
12961:
12954:
12951:Pseudocolaptes
12947:
12940:
12933:
12926:
12919:
12912:
12905:
12897:
12895:
12889:
12888:
12886:
12885:
12878:
12875:Ochetorhynchus
12871:
12863:
12861:
12855:
12854:
12852:
12851:
12843:
12837:
12831:
12830:
12827:
12826:
12824:
12823:
12816:
12809:
12802:
12794:
12792:
12786:
12785:
12783:
12782:
12775:
12768:
12761:
12758:Lepidocolaptes
12754:
12747:
12740:
12733:
12726:
12719:
12716:Dendrocolaptes
12712:
12709:Dendrexetastes
12705:
12697:
12695:
12686:
12680:
12679:
12677:
12676:
12669:
12661:
12659:
12653:
12652:
12650:
12649:
12639:
12631:
12625:
12619:
12618:
12616:
12615:
12608:
12600:
12598:
12592:
12591:
12589:
12588:
12581:
12574:
12567:
12560:
12553:
12546:
12539:
12532:
12525:
12518:
12511:
12504:
12497:
12490:
12483:
12476:
12469:
12462:
12455:
12448:
12441:
12434:
12426:
12424:
12418:
12417:
12415:
12414:
12407:
12400:
12392:
12390:
12388:Conopophagidae
12380:
12379:
12367:
12366:
12363:
12362:
12355:
12353:
12350:
12349:
12346:
12345:
12343:
12342:
12341:
12340:
12334:
12332:
12326:
12325:
12322:
12321:
12319:
12318:
12317:
12316:
12310:
12308:
12302:
12301:
12298:
12297:
12295:
12294:
12286:
12284:
12278:
12277:
12275:
12274:
12267:
12260:
12252:
12250:
12244:
12243:
12241:
12240:
12233:
12225:
12223:
12217:
12216:
12214:
12213:
12206:
12199:
12192:
12185:
12178:
12171:
12163:
12161:
12155:
12154:
12152:
12151:
12144:
12136:
12134:
12132:Calyptomenidae
12125:
12119:
12118:
12116:
12115:
12105:
12094:
12088:
12079:
12073:
12072:
12069:
12068:
12066:
12065:
12058:
12048:
12038:
12028:
12018:
12010:
12008:
11999:
11993:
11992:
11990:
11989:
11979:
11969:
11959:
11948:
11946:
11944:incertae sedis
11936:
11935:
11923:
11922:
11920:
11919:
11913:
11907:
11901:
11895:
11888:
11885:
11884:
11875:
11874:
11867:
11860:
11852:
11843:
11842:
11840:
11839:
11827:
11815:
11803:
11790:
11787:
11786:
11783:
11782:
11779:
11778:
11775:
11774:
11771:
11770:
11767:
11766:
11763:
11762:
11759:
11758:
11755:
11754:
11752:
11751:
11743:
11738:Coraciiformes
11735:
11727:
11719:
11714:Trogoniformes
11711:
11703:
11695:
11687:
11678:
11676:
11670:
11669:
11667:
11666:
11661:Passeriformes
11658:
11650:
11645:Falconiformes
11642:
11637:Cariamiformes
11633:
11631:
11625:
11624:
11622:
11621:
11613:
11605:
11600:Ciconiiformes
11597:
11589:
11581:
11572:
11570:
11564:
11563:
11561:
11560:
11552:
11543:
11541:
11535:
11534:
11532:
11531:
11523:
11514:
11512:
11510:Cursorimorphae
11506:
11505:
11503:
11502:
11493:
11491:
11485:
11484:
11482:
11481:
11473:
11468:
11463:
11454:
11452:
11446:
11445:
11443:
11442:
11434:
11426:
11417:
11415:
11406:
11400:
11399:
11396:
11395:
11393:
11392:
11384:
11375:
11373:
11371:Mirandornithes
11367:
11366:
11364:
11363:
11355:
11347:
11342:Columbiformes
11338:
11336:
11334:Columbimorphae
11327:
11318:
11308:
11307:
11304:
11303:
11300:
11299:
11296:
11295:
11293:
11292:
11287:
11279:
11274:
11269:Meleagridinae
11265:
11263:
11257:
11256:
11254:
11253:
11246:
11239:
11232:
11225:
11218:
11211:
11204:
11197:
11189:
11187:
11185:Odontophoridae
11181:
11180:
11178:
11177:
11170:
11163:
11156:
11148:
11146:
11140:
11139:
11137:
11136:
11129:
11122:
11115:
11108:
11101:
11094:
11086:
11084:
11078:
11077:
11075:
11074:
11069:
11064:
11058:
11056:
11047:
11026:
11025:
11022:
11021:
11019:
11018:
11010:
11008:
11002:
11001:
10999:
10998:
10991:
10983:
10981:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10971:
10966:
10964:Stictonettinae
10961:
10959:Dendrocygninae
10956:
10955:
10954:
10947:
10935:
10934:
10933:
10928:
10923:
10912:
10910:
10893:
10880:
10837:
10809:
10808:
10805:
10804:
10802:
10801:
10793:
10785:
10777:
10769:
10760:
10758:
10744:
10743:
10729:
10728:
10726:
10725:
10724:
10723:
10718:
10712:Notable birds
10710:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10674:
10672:
10668:
10667:
10665:
10664:
10662:Egg collecting
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10614:
10613:
10612:
10602:
10597:
10592:
10587:
10581:
10579:
10571:
10570:
10568:
10567:
10562:
10557:
10552:
10547:
10545:Hesperornithes
10542:
10537:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10520:Ambiortiformes
10517:
10512:
10507:
10505:Enantiornithes
10502:
10497:
10492:
10487:
10479:
10477:
10471:
10470:
10468:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10446:
10445:
10440:
10429:
10427:
10421:
10420:
10418:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10356:
10354:
10348:
10347:
10345:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10308:
10307:
10297:
10292:
10286:
10284:
10278:
10277:
10275:
10274:
10268:
10265:
10264:
10252:
10251:
10244:
10237:
10229:
10223:
10222:
10221:at Wikispecies
10210:
10198:
10182:
10181:External links
10179:
10177:
10176:
10152:(3): 431â445.
10137:
10131:
10118:
10077:
10059:(2): 149â186.
10046:
10029:(2): 185â197.
10009:
9983:(1): 126â138.
9970:
9931:
9886:
9821:
9811:on 11 May 2008
9758:
9732:(2): 381â397.
9718:
9716:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9702:
9690:Christidis, L.
9677:
9656:(2): 298â320.
9633:
9626:
9614:Christidis, L.
9591:
9584:
9572:Christidis, L.
9559:
9528:
9446:
9420:(4): 936â938.
9395:
9372:
9335:
9315:
9295:
9276:(6): 719â731.
9257:
9230:
9172:
9114:
9094:
9051:
9038:(3): 717â720.
9011:
8963:
8923:
8910:(2): 153â177.
8890:
8863:(2): 486â504.
8847:
8818:10.1086/664998
8812:(5): 649â666.
8792:
8790:, (89), 18â19.
8779:
8758:
8751:
8743:The Bird Class
8733:
8720:
8707:
8694:
8687:
8669:
8603:
8549:
8500:
8478:
8458:
8441:"Family Index"
8414:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8405:
8396:Incertae sedis
8379:
8370:
8361:
8352:
8343:
8334:
8316:
8303:
8287:
8248:
8242:SA 1259â1263:
8223:
8202:
8186:Thamnophilidae
8160:
8158:
8155:
8151:
8150:
8147:
8146:
8142:
8141:
8138:
8137:
8133:
8132:
8129:
8128:
8124:
8123:
8120:
8119:
8115:
8114:
8111:
8110:
8106:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8097:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8088:
8087:
8084:
8083:
8079:
8078:
8075:
8074:
8070:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8061:
8060:
8057:
8056:
8052:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8043:
8042:
8039:
8038:
8034:
8033:
8030:
8029:
8025:
8024:
8021:
8020:
8016:
8015:
8012:
8011:
8007:
8006:
8003:
8002:
7998:
7997:
7994:
7993:
7989:
7988:
7985:
7984:
7980:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7971:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7962:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7944:
7943:
7940:
7939:
7935:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7926:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7917:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7908:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7899:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7890:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7872:
7871:
7868:
7867:
7863:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7854:
7853:
7850:
7849:
7847:(spindalises)
7841:
7838:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7825:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7802:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7791:
7788:
7787:
7779:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7765:
7764:
7756:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7745:
7742:
7741:
7737:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7728:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7699:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7676:
7671:
7669:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7646:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7618:
7617:
7614:
7613:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7593:Mitrospingidae
7589:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7575:
7574:
7566:
7561:
7559:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7540:
7539:
7536:
7535:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7511:
7506:
7504:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7481:
7476:
7474:
7468:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7455:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7432:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7409:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7398:
7395:
7394:
7386:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7367:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7358:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7344:
7336:
7333:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7320:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7297:
7292:
7290:
7284:
7282:
7277:
7275:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7252:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7229:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7210:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7181:
7176:
7174:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7155:
7154:
7151:
7150:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7126:
7121:
7119:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7075:Modulatricidae
7071:
7066:
7064:
7059:
7057:
7051:
7050:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7033:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7006:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6988:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6975:
6972:
6971:
6968:
6967:
6959:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6932:Salpornithidae
6928:
6925:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6912:
6907:
6905:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6882:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6865:(wallcreeper)
6859:
6854:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6833:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6811:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6793:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6737:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6714:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6666:
6661:
6659:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6636:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6613:
6608:
6606:
6598:
6596:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6568:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6550:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6503:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6480:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6457:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6434:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6411:
6406:
6404:
6402:Bombycilloidea
6396:
6394:
6389:
6387:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6347:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6320:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6311:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6248:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6214:Leiothrichidae
6210:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6187:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6164:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6116:
6111:
6109:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6086:
6081:
6079:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6007:
5999:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5976:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5953:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5930:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5911:Phylloscopidae
5907:
5902:
5900:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5849:
5844:
5842:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5767:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5744:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5699:Acrocephalidae
5695:
5690:
5688:
5683:
5681:
5679:Locustelloidea
5673:
5671:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5648:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5629:Macrosphenidae
5625:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5602:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5554:
5549:
5547:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5499:
5494:
5492:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5444:
5439:
5437:
5432:
5430:
5422:
5420:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5354:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5331:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5308:
5303:
5301:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5232:
5230:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5198:
5193:
5191:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5159:
5154:
5152:
5147:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:(crested jay)
5018:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5002:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:(crows, jays)
4979:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:(melampittas)
4956:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4933:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4876:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4853:
4848:
4846:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4823:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4800:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4717:Platysteiridae
4713:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:(bristlehead)
4672:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4656:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4633:
4628:
4626:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4603:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4557:
4552:
4550:
4548:Malaconotoidea
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4454:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4406:
4401:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4325:Eulacestomidae
4321:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4233:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4203:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4180:
4175:
4173:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4133:Pomatostomidae
4129:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4098:
4096:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4012:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:(honeyeaters)
3989:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3970:Dasyornithidae
3966:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3928:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3869:
3864:
3862:
3854:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3795:
3790:
3788:
3780:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3637:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3595:Platyrinchidae
3591:
3586:
3584:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3341:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:(leaftossers)
3318:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:(antthrushes)
3295:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3276:Rhinocryptidae
3272:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3212:Thamnophilidae
3208:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3196:Conopophagidae
3192:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3064:Calyptomenidae
3060:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2928:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2834:Mitrospingidae
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2712:Modulatricidae
2709:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2675:
2674:: gnatcatchers
2669:
2668:: treecreepers
2663:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2508:Bombycilloidea
2501:
2500:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2429:Phylloscopidae
2423:
2422:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2372:Leiothrichidae
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2256:Acrocephalidae
2250:
2249:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2206:Macrosphenidae
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2156:
2155:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:: rock-jumpers
2112:
2106:
2105:: rail-babbler
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2063:
2062:
2049:Acrocephalidae
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1940:Platysteiridae
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1871:Malaconotoidea
1866:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1773:
1772:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1723:Pomatostomidae
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1701:: bristlebirds
1699:Dasyornithidae
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1634:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1570:Rhinocryptidae
1567:
1561:
1558:Thamnophilidae
1555:
1552:Conopophagidae
1549:
1540:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1507:Calyptomenidae
1504:
1498:
1489:
1478:
1471:
1465:) a New World
1433:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1412:
1409:
1382:
1379:
1270:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1147:Palaeoscinidae
1128:
1125:
1080:
1079:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1017:
987:
984:
972:Middle Miocene
894:) and F24685 (
882:Perching bird
851:
848:
846:
843:
747:
744:
736:cuckoo-finches
675:
674:Eggs and nests
672:
620:
617:
549:(suboscines),
542:
539:
493:South American
462:perching birds
454:'sparrow' and
344:
343:
337:
336:
330:
329:
322:
321:
320:
319:
314:
302:
294:
293:
289:
288:
273:
269:
268:
263:
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
202:
201:
189:
188:
177:
176:
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
37:
26:
18:Passerine bird
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16399:
16388:
16385:
16383:
16380:
16378:
16377:Passeriformes
16375:
16374:
16372:
16355:
16350:
16346:
16342:
16337:
16333:
16329:
16324:
16320:
16316:
16311:
16307:
16303:
16297:
16293:
16288:
16284:
16280:
16275:
16271:
16267:
16262:
16258:
16254:
16249:
16245:
16241:
16236:
16232:
16228:
16223:
16219:
16215:
16214:passeriformes
16211:Featherbase:
16209:
16205:
16200:
16196:
16192:
16187:
16183:
16179:
16174:
16170:
16166:
16161:
16157:
16153:
16148:
16144:
16140:
16135:
16131:
16127:
16122:
16118:
16114:
16113:Passeriformes
16109:
16105:
16101:
16100:Passeriformes
16096:
16092:
16087:
16086:Passeriformes
16081:
16077:
16072:
16066:
16062:
16061:
16059:
16057:
16056:Passeriformes
16053:
16049:
16044:
16022:
16018:
16017:
16016:
16015:
16013:
16011:
16007:
15999:
15995:
15994:
15993:
15992:
15990:
15988:
15984:
15978:
15977:
15973:
15971:
15970:
15963:
15961:
15960:
15956:
15954:
15953:
15949:
15947:
15946:
15942:
15940:
15939:
15935:
15933:
15932:
15928:
15926:
15925:
15921:
15919:
15918:
15914:
15913:
15911:
15909:
15905:
15899:
15898:
15894:
15892:
15891:
15887:
15886:
15884:
15882:
15878:
15872:
15871:
15867:
15866:
15864:
15862:
15858:
15852:
15851:
15847:
15846:
15844:
15842:
15835:
15829:
15828:
15824:
15823:
15821:
15819:
15818:Orthonychidae
15815:
15809:
15808:
15804:
15803:
15801:
15799:
15798:Notiomystidae
15795:
15789:
15788:
15784:
15783:
15781:
15779:
15775:
15769:
15768:
15764:
15762:
15761:
15757:
15755:
15754:
15750:
15748:
15747:
15743:
15741:
15740:
15736:
15734:
15733:
15729:
15727:
15726:
15722:
15720:
15719:
15715:
15713:
15712:
15708:
15706:
15705:
15701:
15699:
15698:
15694:
15692:
15691:
15690:Prosthemadera
15687:
15685:
15684:
15680:
15678:
15677:
15673:
15671:
15670:
15666:
15664:
15663:
15659:
15657:
15656:
15655:Plectorhyncha
15652:
15650:
15649:
15645:
15643:
15642:
15638:
15636:
15635:
15631:
15629:
15628:
15624:
15622:
15621:
15620:Microptilotis
15617:
15615:
15614:
15610:
15608:
15607:
15603:
15601:
15600:
15596:
15594:
15593:
15589:
15587:
15586:
15582:
15580:
15579:
15575:
15573:
15572:
15568:
15566:
15565:
15561:
15559:
15558:
15554:
15552:
15551:
15547:
15545:
15544:
15540:
15538:
15537:
15533:
15531:
15530:
15529:Lichenostomus
15526:
15524:
15523:
15519:
15517:
15516:
15515:Guadalcanaria
15512:
15510:
15509:
15505:
15503:
15502:
15498:
15496:
15495:
15491:
15489:
15488:
15484:
15482:
15481:
15477:
15475:
15474:
15470:
15468:
15467:
15463:
15461:
15460:
15456:
15454:
15453:
15449:
15447:
15446:
15442:
15440:
15439:
15435:
15433:
15432:
15428:
15426:
15425:
15421:
15419:
15418:
15414:
15412:
15411:
15407:
15405:
15404:
15400:
15398:
15397:
15393:
15391:
15390:
15386:
15385:
15383:
15381:
15377:
15371:
15370:
15366:
15364:
15363:
15362:Rhamphocharis
15359:
15357:
15356:
15352:
15350:
15349:
15345:
15344:
15342:
15340:
15336:
15322:
15321:
15317:
15316:
15314:
15312:
15308:
15302:
15301:
15297:
15295:
15294:
15290:
15288:
15287:
15283:
15281:
15280:
15279:Chenorhamphus
15276:
15275:
15273:
15271:
15267:
15264:
15262:
15258:
15252:
15251:
15247:
15246:
15244:
15242:
15238:
15235:
15233:
15229:
15223:
15222:
15218:
15217:
15215:
15213:
15209:
15203:
15202:
15201:Loboparadisea
15198:
15196:
15195:
15191:
15190:
15188:
15186:
15185:Cnemophilidae
15182:
15176:
15175:
15171:
15169:
15168:
15164:
15163:
15161:
15159:
15158:Climacteridae
15155:
15149:
15148:
15144:
15142:
15141:
15134:
15132:
15131:
15127:
15126:
15124:
15122:
15118:
15112:
15111:
15107:
15106:
15104:
15102:
15098:
15092:
15091:
15087:
15085:
15084:
15080:
15078:
15077:
15073:
15071:
15070:
15066:
15064:
15063:
15059:
15057:
15056:
15052:
15050:
15049:
15045:
15043:
15042:
15041:Neosericornis
15038:
15036:
15035:
15031:
15029:
15028:
15024:
15022:
15021:
15017:
15015:
15014:
15013:Aphelocephala
15010:
15008:
15007:
15003:
15001:
15000:
14996:
14994:
14993:
14989:
14988:
14986:
14984:
14980:
14976:
14975:
14966:
14962:
14957:
14953:
14939:
14938:
14934:
14932:
14931:
14927:
14925:
14924:
14920:
14918:
14917:
14913:
14911:
14910:
14906:
14904:
14903:
14899:
14897:
14896:
14892:
14890:
14889:
14885:
14883:
14882:
14878:
14876:
14875:
14871:
14869:
14868:
14867:Taeniotriccus
14864:
14862:
14861:
14857:
14855:
14854:
14850:
14848:
14847:
14843:
14841:
14840:
14836:
14834:
14833:
14829:
14827:
14826:
14822:
14820:
14819:
14815:
14813:
14812:
14808:
14806:
14805:
14801:
14799:
14798:
14794:
14792:
14791:
14787:
14785:
14784:
14783:Rhynchocyclus
14780:
14778:
14777:
14773:
14771:
14770:
14766:
14764:
14763:
14759:
14757:
14756:
14752:
14750:
14749:
14748:Pseudotriccus
14745:
14743:
14742:
14738:
14736:
14735:
14731:
14729:
14728:
14724:
14722:
14721:
14720:Pogonotriccus
14717:
14715:
14714:
14710:
14708:
14707:
14703:
14701:
14700:
14696:
14694:
14693:
14689:
14687:
14686:
14685:Phylloscartes
14682:
14680:
14679:
14675:
14673:
14672:
14668:
14666:
14665:
14661:
14659:
14658:
14654:
14652:
14651:
14647:
14645:
14644:
14640:
14638:
14637:
14633:
14631:
14630:
14626:
14624:
14623:
14619:
14617:
14616:
14612:
14610:
14609:
14605:
14603:
14602:
14598:
14596:
14595:
14591:
14589:
14588:
14584:
14582:
14581:
14577:
14575:
14574:
14570:
14568:
14567:
14563:
14561:
14560:
14556:
14554:
14553:
14549:
14547:
14546:
14542:
14540:
14539:
14538:Muscisaxicola
14535:
14533:
14532:
14528:
14526:
14525:
14521:
14519:
14518:
14514:
14512:
14511:
14507:
14505:
14504:
14500:
14498:
14497:
14493:
14491:
14490:
14486:
14484:
14483:
14479:
14477:
14476:
14472:
14470:
14469:
14465:
14463:
14462:
14458:
14456:
14455:
14454:Lathrotriccus
14451:
14449:
14448:
14444:
14442:
14441:
14437:
14435:
14434:
14430:
14428:
14427:
14423:
14421:
14420:
14416:
14414:
14413:
14409:
14407:
14406:
14402:
14400:
14399:
14395:
14393:
14392:
14388:
14386:
14385:
14381:
14379:
14378:
14374:
14372:
14371:
14367:
14365:
14364:
14360:
14358:
14357:
14353:
14351:
14350:
14346:
14344:
14343:
14339:
14337:
14336:
14332:
14330:
14329:
14325:
14323:
14322:
14318:
14316:
14315:
14311:
14309:
14308:
14304:
14302:
14301:
14297:
14295:
14294:
14290:
14288:
14287:
14283:
14281:
14280:
14276:
14274:
14273:
14269:
14267:
14266:
14262:
14260:
14259:
14255:
14253:
14252:
14248:
14246:
14245:
14241:
14239:
14238:
14237:Aphanotriccus
14234:
14232:
14231:
14227:
14225:
14224:
14220:
14218:
14217:
14213:
14212:
14210:
14208:
14204:
14198:
14197:
14193:
14191:
14190:
14186:
14184:
14183:
14182:Terenotriccus
14179:
14177:
14176:
14172:
14170:
14169:
14165:
14163:
14162:
14158:
14156:
14155:
14151:
14149:
14148:
14144:
14142:
14141:
14137:
14135:
14134:
14130:
14128:
14127:
14123:
14122:
14120:
14118:
14114:
14100:
14099:
14095:
14093:
14092:
14088:
14086:
14085:
14081:
14079:
14078:
14074:
14072:
14071:
14067:
14065:
14064:
14060:
14058:
14057:
14053:
14051:
14050:
14046:
14044:
14043:
14039:
14037:
14036:
14032:
14030:
14029:
14025:
14023:
14022:
14018:
14016:
14015:
14014:Herpsilochmus
14011:
14009:
14008:
14004:
14002:
14001:
13997:
13995:
13994:
13990:
13988:
13987:
13983:
13981:
13980:
13976:
13974:
13973:
13969:
13968:
13966:
13964:
13963:Thamnophilini
13960:
13954:
13953:
13949:
13947:
13946:
13942:
13940:
13939:
13935:
13933:
13932:
13928:
13926:
13925:
13921:
13919:
13918:
13914:
13912:
13911:
13907:
13905:
13904:
13900:
13898:
13897:
13893:
13891:
13890:
13886:
13884:
13883:
13882:Hypocnemoides
13879:
13877:
13876:
13872:
13870:
13869:
13865:
13863:
13862:
13858:
13856:
13855:
13851:
13849:
13848:
13844:
13843:
13841:
13839:
13835:
13829:
13828:
13824:
13822:
13821:
13817:
13815:
13814:
13813:Rhegmatorhina
13810:
13808:
13807:
13803:
13801:
13800:
13796:
13794:
13793:
13792:Phaenostictus
13789:
13787:
13786:
13782:
13780:
13779:
13775:
13773:
13772:
13768:
13766:
13765:
13761:
13759:
13758:
13754:
13752:
13751:
13747:
13746:
13744:
13742:
13738:
13732:
13731:
13727:
13725:
13724:
13720:
13718:
13717:
13713:
13711:
13710:
13706:
13704:
13703:
13699:
13697:
13696:
13692:
13690:
13689:
13685:
13683:
13682:
13678:
13677:
13675:
13673:
13672:Microrhopiini
13669:
13663:
13662:
13658:
13656:
13655:
13651:
13649:
13648:
13644:
13642:
13641:
13637:
13636:
13634:
13632:
13631:Formicivorini
13628:
13625:
13623:
13619:
13613:
13612:
13608:
13606:
13605:
13601:
13599:
13598:
13594:
13593:
13591:
13589:
13585:
13579:
13578:
13574:
13573:
13571:
13569:
13565:
13562:
13560:
13556:
13550:
13549:
13545:
13543:
13542:
13538:
13536:
13535:
13531:
13529:
13528:
13524:
13522:
13521:
13517:
13515:
13514:
13513:Psilorhamphus
13510:
13508:
13507:
13503:
13501:
13500:
13496:
13494:
13493:
13489:
13487:
13486:
13482:
13480:
13479:
13475:
13473:
13472:
13468:
13467:
13465:
13463:
13459:
13453:
13452:
13448:
13446:
13445:
13441:
13439:
13438:
13434:
13432:
13431:
13427:
13425:
13424:
13420:
13418:
13417:
13413:
13411:
13410:
13406:
13404:
13403:
13399:
13397:
13396:
13392:
13390:
13389:
13385:
13383:
13382:
13378:
13376:
13375:
13371:
13369:
13368:
13364:
13362:
13361:
13357:
13355:
13354:
13350:
13348:
13347:
13343:
13342:
13340:
13338:
13334:
13328:
13327:
13323:
13322:
13320:
13318:
13314:
13308:
13307:
13303:
13301:
13300:
13296:
13294:
13293:
13289:
13287:
13286:
13282:
13280:
13279:
13275:
13274:
13272:
13270:
13266:
13252:
13251:
13247:
13245:
13244:
13240:
13238:
13237:
13233:
13231:
13230:
13226:
13224:
13223:
13219:
13217:
13216:
13212:
13210:
13209:
13205:
13203:
13202:
13198:
13196:
13195:
13194:Pseudoseisura
13191:
13189:
13188:
13187:Pseudasthenes
13184:
13182:
13181:
13177:
13175:
13174:
13173:Phacellodomus
13170:
13168:
13167:
13163:
13161:
13160:
13156:
13154:
13153:
13149:
13147:
13146:
13142:
13140:
13139:
13138:Leptasthenura
13135:
13133:
13132:
13128:
13126:
13125:
13121:
13119:
13118:
13114:
13112:
13111:
13107:
13105:
13104:
13100:
13098:
13097:
13093:
13091:
13090:
13086:
13084:
13083:
13079:
13078:
13076:
13074:
13070:
13064:
13063:
13059:
13057:
13056:
13052:
13050:
13049:
13045:
13043:
13042:
13038:
13036:
13035:
13031:
13029:
13028:
13024:
13022:
13021:
13017:
13015:
13014:
13010:
13008:
13007:
13003:
13001:
13000:
12996:
12994:
12993:
12989:
12987:
12986:
12982:
12981:
12979:
12977:
12973:
12967:
12966:
12962:
12960:
12959:
12955:
12953:
12952:
12948:
12946:
12945:
12941:
12939:
12938:
12934:
12932:
12931:
12927:
12925:
12924:
12920:
12918:
12917:
12913:
12911:
12910:
12906:
12904:
12903:
12899:
12898:
12896:
12894:
12890:
12884:
12883:
12879:
12877:
12876:
12872:
12870:
12869:
12865:
12864:
12862:
12860:
12859:Pygarrhichini
12856:
12850:
12849:
12845:
12844:
12841:
12838:
12836:
12832:
12822:
12821:
12817:
12815:
12814:
12810:
12808:
12807:
12803:
12801:
12800:
12796:
12795:
12793:
12791:
12787:
12781:
12780:
12779:Xiphorhynchus
12776:
12774:
12773:
12772:Xiphocolaptes
12769:
12767:
12766:
12762:
12760:
12759:
12755:
12753:
12752:
12748:
12746:
12745:
12744:Glyphorynchus
12741:
12739:
12738:
12734:
12732:
12731:
12727:
12725:
12724:
12720:
12718:
12717:
12713:
12711:
12710:
12706:
12704:
12703:
12699:
12698:
12696:
12694:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12681:
12675:
12674:
12670:
12668:
12667:
12663:
12662:
12660:
12658:
12654:
12648:
12647:
12640:
12638:
12637:
12633:
12632:
12629:
12626:
12624:
12620:
12614:
12613:
12609:
12607:
12606:
12602:
12601:
12599:
12597:
12596:Formicariidae
12593:
12587:
12586:
12582:
12580:
12579:
12575:
12573:
12572:
12568:
12566:
12565:
12561:
12559:
12558:
12554:
12552:
12551:
12547:
12545:
12544:
12543:Porphyrolaema
12540:
12538:
12537:
12533:
12531:
12530:
12526:
12524:
12523:
12519:
12517:
12516:
12512:
12510:
12509:
12505:
12503:
12502:
12498:
12496:
12495:
12491:
12489:
12488:
12484:
12482:
12481:
12477:
12475:
12474:
12470:
12468:
12467:
12463:
12461:
12460:
12456:
12454:
12453:
12449:
12447:
12446:
12442:
12440:
12439:
12435:
12433:
12432:
12428:
12427:
12425:
12423:
12419:
12413:
12412:
12408:
12406:
12405:
12401:
12399:
12398:
12397:Cephalopterus
12394:
12393:
12391:
12389:
12385:
12381:
12377:
12372:
12368:
12359:
12338:
12337:
12336:
12335:
12333:
12331:
12327:
12314:
12313:
12312:
12311:
12309:
12307:
12303:
12293:
12292:
12288:
12287:
12285:
12283:
12279:
12273:
12272:
12268:
12266:
12265:
12261:
12259:
12258:
12254:
12253:
12251:
12249:
12245:
12239:
12238:
12234:
12232:
12231:
12227:
12226:
12224:
12222:
12221:Philepittidae
12218:
12212:
12211:
12207:
12205:
12204:
12200:
12198:
12197:
12193:
12191:
12190:
12186:
12184:
12183:
12179:
12177:
12176:
12175:Cymbirhynchus
12172:
12170:
12169:
12165:
12164:
12162:
12160:
12156:
12150:
12149:
12145:
12143:
12142:
12138:
12137:
12135:
12133:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12120:
12114:
12113:
12106:
12104:
12103:
12096:
12095:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12074:
12064:
12063:
12059:
12057:
12056:
12049:
12047:
12046:
12039:
12037:
12036:
12029:
12027:
12026:
12025:Dendroscansor
12019:
12017:
12016:
12012:
12011:
12009:
12007:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11994:
11988:
11987:
11980:
11978:
11977:
11970:
11968:
11967:
11960:
11958:
11957:
11950:
11949:
11947:
11945:
11941:
11937:
11933:
11932:Passeriformes
11928:
11924:
11918:
11917:Passeriformes
11914:
11912:
11908:
11906:
11902:
11900:
11896:
11894:
11890:
11889:
11886:
11881:
11873:
11868:
11866:
11861:
11859:
11854:
11853:
11850:
11838:
11837:
11828:
11826:
11825:
11820:
11816:
11814:
11813:
11804:
11802:
11801:
11792:
11791:
11788:
11750:
11744:
11742:
11736:
11734:
11728:
11726:
11720:
11718:
11712:
11710:
11704:
11702:
11698:Strigiformes
11696:
11694:
11688:
11686:
11680:
11679:
11677:
11675:
11671:
11665:
11659:
11657:
11651:
11649:
11643:
11641:
11635:
11634:
11632:
11630:
11626:
11620:
11614:
11612:
11606:
11604:
11598:
11596:
11590:
11588:
11582:
11580:
11574:
11573:
11571:
11569:
11565:
11559:
11553:
11551:
11549:(tropicbirds)
11545:
11544:
11542:
11540:
11536:
11530:
11524:
11522:
11516:
11515:
11513:
11511:
11507:
11501:
11495:
11494:
11492:
11490:
11486:
11480:
11474:
11472:
11471:Podargiformes
11469:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11456:
11455:
11453:
11451:
11447:
11441:
11435:
11433:
11427:
11425:
11421:Cuculiformes
11419:
11418:
11416:
11414:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11401:
11391:
11385:
11383:
11377:
11376:
11374:
11372:
11368:
11362:
11356:
11354:
11348:
11346:
11340:
11339:
11337:
11335:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11313:
11309:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11267:
11266:
11264:
11262:
11258:
11252:
11251:
11247:
11245:
11244:
11240:
11238:
11237:
11233:
11231:
11230:
11226:
11224:
11223:
11219:
11217:
11216:
11212:
11210:
11209:
11205:
11203:
11202:
11198:
11196:
11195:
11191:
11190:
11188:
11186:
11182:
11176:
11175:
11171:
11169:
11168:
11164:
11162:
11161:
11157:
11155:
11154:
11150:
11149:
11147:
11145:
11141:
11135:
11134:
11130:
11128:
11127:
11123:
11121:
11120:
11119:Macrocephalon
11116:
11114:
11113:
11109:
11107:
11106:
11102:
11100:
11099:
11095:
11093:
11092:
11088:
11087:
11085:
11083:
11079:
11073:
11070:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11059:
11057:
11055:
11051:
11048:
11044:
11037:
11031:
11027:
11017:
11016:
11012:
11011:
11009:
11007:
11006:Anseranatidae
11003:
10997:
10996:
10992:
10990:
10989:
10985:
10984:
10982:
10980:
10976:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10953:
10948:
10946:
10941:
10940:
10939:
10936:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10918:
10917:
10914:
10913:
10911:
10907:
10901:
10897:
10894:
10888:
10884:
10881:
10877:
10871:
10845:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10814:
10810:
10800:
10794:
10792:
10786:
10784:
10780:Tinamiformes
10778:
10776:
10770:
10768:
10762:
10761:
10759:
10757:
10756:Palaeognathae
10753:
10749:
10745:
10738:
10734:
10730:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10713:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10675:
10673:
10669:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10642:Pigeon racing
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10611:
10608:
10607:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10578:
10572:
10566:
10563:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10553:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10485:
10484:Archaeopteryx
10481:
10480:
10478:
10476:
10472:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10435:
10434:
10431:
10430:
10428:
10426:
10422:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10357:
10355:
10353:
10349:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10306:
10303:
10302:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10287:
10285:
10283:
10279:
10273:
10270:
10269:
10266:
10261:
10257:
10250:
10245:
10243:
10238:
10236:
10231:
10230:
10227:
10220:
10219:Passeriformes
10215:
10211:
10208:
10207:Passeriformes
10203:
10199:
10197:at Wiktionary
10196:
10195:
10189:
10185:
10184:
10173:
10167:
10159:
10155:
10151:
10147:
10143:
10138:
10134:
10128:
10124:
10119:
10115:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10097:
10093:
10092:
10087:
10085:
10078:
10074:
10070:
10066:
10062:
10058:
10054:
10053:
10047:
10040:
10036:
10032:
10028:
10024:
10023:
10015:
10010:
10006:
10002:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9982:
9978:
9977:
9971:
9967:
9963:
9959:
9955:
9951:
9947:
9943:
9939:
9938:
9932:
9928:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9910:
9906:
9902:
9898:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9885:
9881:
9878:
9873:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9845:
9841:
9837:
9833:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9807:
9803:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9785:
9781:
9777:
9773:
9772:
9764:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9747:
9743:
9739:
9735:
9731:
9727:
9726:
9720:
9719:
9705:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9687:
9681:
9673:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9655:
9651:
9647:
9640:
9638:
9629:
9623:
9619:
9615:
9611:
9604:
9602:
9600:
9598:
9596:
9587:
9581:
9577:
9573:
9569:
9563:
9556:
9552:
9549:
9545:
9541:
9538:
9532:
9524:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9496:
9492:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9473:
9471:
9469:
9467:
9465:
9463:
9461:
9459:
9457:
9455:
9453:
9451:
9439:
9435:
9431:
9427:
9423:
9419:
9415:
9414:
9406:
9399:
9391:
9387:
9383:
9376:
9365:
9361:
9357:
9349:
9342:
9340:
9331:
9327:
9319:
9311:
9307:
9299:
9291:
9287:
9283:
9279:
9275:
9271:
9270:
9261:
9253:
9249:
9241:
9234:
9226:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9208:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9188:
9187:
9182:
9176:
9168:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9152:
9148:
9144:
9140:
9136:
9129:
9127:
9125:
9123:
9121:
9119:
9112:
9108:
9104:
9098:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9066:
9062:
9055:
9046:
9041:
9037:
9033:
9032:
9027:
9020:
9018:
9016:
9007:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8989:
8985:
8984:
8979:
8972:
8970:
8968:
8959:
8955:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8939:
8938:
8930:
8928:
8918:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8894:
8886:
8882:
8878:
8874:
8870:
8866:
8862:
8858:
8851:
8843:
8839:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8823:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8796:
8789:
8783:
8776:
8772:
8768:
8762:
8754:
8752:9780761426936
8748:
8744:
8737:
8731:
8724:
8718:
8711:
8705:
8698:
8690:
8688:9781421415901
8684:
8680:
8673:
8665:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8647:
8643:
8639:
8635:
8631:
8627:
8623:
8616:
8614:
8612:
8610:
8608:
8599:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8581:
8577:
8573:
8569:
8568:
8563:
8556:
8554:
8545:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8504:
8497:
8493:
8487:
8485:
8483:
8475:
8474:J. Avian Biol
8471:
8465:
8463:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8434:
8428:
8426:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8415:
8402:
8398:
8397:
8393:
8389:
8388:Teretistridae
8383:
8374:
8365:
8356:
8347:
8338:
8331:
8330:Teretistridae
8327:
8320:
8313:
8310:Distal right
8307:
8300:
8297:
8291:
8284:
8280:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8252:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8227:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8206:
8199:
8195:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8179:
8175:
8171:
8165:
8161:
8149:
8148:
8140:
8139:
8131:
8130:
8122:
8121:
8113:
8112:
8104:
8103:
8095:
8094:
8086:
8085:
8077:
8076:
8068:
8067:
8059:
8058:
8050:
8049:
8041:
8040:
8032:
8031:
8023:
8022:
8014:
8013:
8005:
8004:
7996:
7995:
7987:
7986:
7978:
7977:
7969:
7968:
7960:
7959:
7951:
7950:
7942:
7941:
7933:
7932:
7924:
7923:
7915:
7914:
7906:
7905:
7897:
7896:
7888:
7887:
7879:
7878:
7870:
7869:
7861:
7860:
7852:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7840:
7839:
7836:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7829:Nesospingidae
7824:
7823:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7790:
7789:
7786:
7785:(wrenthrush)
7784:
7778:
7777:
7771:
7770:
7767:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7755:
7754:
7748:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7735:
7734:
7726:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7714:
7713:
7710:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7698:
7697:
7691:
7690:
7687:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7675:
7674:
7668:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7657:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7650:Passerellidae
7645:
7644:
7638:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7625:
7624:
7616:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7588:
7587:
7581:
7580:
7577:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7565:
7564:
7558:
7557:
7551:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7538:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7526:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7480:
7479:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7454:
7453:
7447:
7446:
7443:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7424:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7408:
7407:
7401:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7385:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7365:
7364:
7356:
7355:
7347:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7335:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7319:
7318:
7312:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7296:
7295:
7288:
7287:
7281:
7280:
7274:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7251:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7240:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7233:Peucedramidae
7228:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7185:Chloropseidae
7180:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7153:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7146:Nectariniidae
7141:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7118:
7117:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7093:(sugarbirds)
7092:
7086:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7070:
7069:
7063:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7040:
7039:
7031:
7030:
7022:
7021:
7013:
7012:
7004:
7003:
6995:
6994:
6986:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6979:Troglodytidae
6974:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6963:Polioptilidae
6958:
6957:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6938:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6911:
6910:
6904:
6903:
6897:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6889:
6888:(nuthatches)
6887:
6881:
6880:
6874:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6863:Tichodromidae
6858:
6857:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6809:
6808:
6800:
6799:
6791:
6790:
6782:
6781:
6773:
6772:
6764:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6752:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6736:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6713:
6712:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6658:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6628:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6605:
6604:Muscicapoidea
6602:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6575:
6574:
6566:
6565:
6557:
6556:
6548:
6547:
6539:
6538:
6530:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6518:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6510:
6509:(hypocolius)
6508:
6502:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:(hylocitrea)
6485:
6484:Hylocitreidae
6479:
6478:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6438:Bombycillidae
6433:
6432:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6410:
6409:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6363:
6362:
6354:
6353:
6345:
6344:
6336:
6335:
6327:
6326:
6318:
6317:
6309:
6308:
6300:
6299:
6291:
6290:
6282:
6281:
6273:
6272:
6264:
6263:
6255:
6254:
6246:
6245:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6186:
6185:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6171:
6170:(white-eyes)
6169:
6163:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6062:
6061:
6053:
6052:
6044:
6043:
6035:
6034:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6019:Scotocercidae
6014:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6006:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5929:
5928:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5899:
5898:Aegithaloidea
5896:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5821:
5820:
5812:
5811:
5803:
5802:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5789:(donacobius)
5788:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5750:(grassbirds)
5749:
5748:Locustellidae
5743:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5654:(cisticolas)
5653:
5647:
5646:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5464:Stenostiridae
5459:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5399:
5398:
5390:
5389:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:Picathartidae
5369:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5280:
5279:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:(stitchbird)
5265:
5264:Notiomystidae
5259:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5165:(satinbirds)
5164:
5163:Cnemophilidae
5158:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5128:
5127:
5119:
5118:
5110:
5109:
5101:
5100:
5092:
5091:
5083:
5082:
5074:
5073:
5065:
5064:
5056:
5055:
5047:
5046:
5038:
5037:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:Platylophidae
5017:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4960:Melampittidae
4955:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4912:
4911:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4896:Paradisaeidae
4891:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4776:
4775:
4767:
4766:
4758:
4757:
4749:
4748:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4676:Pityriaseidae
4671:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4637:Malaconotidae
4632:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4526:
4525:
4517:
4516:
4508:
4507:
4499:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:Paramythiidae
4405:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:(shriketits)
4356:
4355:Falcunculidae
4350:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:(ploughbill)
4326:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:Campephagidae
4202:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4149:
4148:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:(logrunners)
4118:
4117:Orthonychidae
4112:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4075:
4074:
4066:
4065:
4057:
4056:
4048:
4047:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:(pardalotes)
4033:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3905:
3904:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3891:(bowerbirds)
3890:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3873:Climacteridae
3868:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3831:
3830:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:(scrubbirds)
3816:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3754:
3753:
3745:
3744:
3736:
3735:
3727:
3726:
3718:
3717:
3709:
3708:
3700:
3699:
3691:
3690:
3682:
3681:
3673:
3672:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:(spadebills)
3596:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3413:
3412:
3404:
3403:
3395:
3394:
3386:
3385:
3377:
3376:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3299:Formicariidae
3294:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:(gnateaters)
3197:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3119:
3118:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:Philepittidae
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2934:Passeriformes
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:Teretistridae
2921:
2901:
2898:
2896:: spindalises
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:Nesospingidae
2886:
2883:
2882:Teretistridae
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2846:Passerellidae
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2742:Peucedramidae
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:Chloropseidae
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:Nectariniidae
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2678:Troglodytidae
2676:
2673:
2672:Polioptilidae
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2656:: wallcreeper
2655:
2654:Tichodromidae
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:Muscicapoidea
2575:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2535:Hylocitreidae
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2523:Bombycillidae
2521:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2447:Scotocercidae
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:Muscicapoidea
2314:), like many
2313:
2309:
2308:Hermit thrush
2305:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2262:Locustellidae
2260:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2233:Sitta pusilla
2230:
2226:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2170:Stenostiridae
2168:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:Picathartidae
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2091:Notiomystidae
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:Cnemophilidae
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:Reed warblers
2034:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2014:Platylophidae
2012:
2009:
2006:
2004:: melampittas
2003:
2002:Melampittidae
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:Paradisaeidae
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1930:: bristlehead
1929:
1928:Pityriaseidae
1926:
1923:
1922:Malaconotidae
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:Paramythiidae
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:Falcunculidae
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1789:Campephagidae
1787:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1730:
1729:Orthonychidae
1727:
1724:
1721:
1719:: honeyeaters
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:Climacteridae
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:: scrub-birds
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1632:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1580:
1578:: antthrushes
1577:
1576:Formicariidae
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1495:Philepittidae
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:Muscicapoidea
1308:
1304:
1303:Meliphagoidea
1300:
1297:
1296:superfamilies
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1121:chronospecies
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1006:
998:
997:
992:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
936:
934:
933:
928:
926:
921:
920:
915:
914:
909:
905:
904:Passeriformes
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
877:
873:
870:shows strong
869:
865:
861:
856:
845:Fossil record
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:South America
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
777:
774:and improved
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
712:
710:
709:common cuckoo
706:
702:
699:
695:
691:
687:
681:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
589:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
556:
552:
548:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:house sparrow
520:
515:
513:
509:
508:insectivorous
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
458:
452:
448:
442:
397:
396:Passeriformes
394:
390:
384:
351:
342:
338:
335:
331:
328:
327:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
303:
301:
298:
297:
295:
290:
286:
282:
277:
276:Passeriformes
274:
271:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
212:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:Corvus cornix
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:house sparrow
142:
138:
134:
133:Cinnyris osea
130:
125:
121:
116:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
48:
41:
33:
30:
19:
16055:
15974:
15969:Sericuloides
15967:
15959:Scenopoeetes
15957:
15950:
15943:
15936:
15929:
15922:
15915:
15897:Pomatostomus
15895:
15888:
15868:
15861:Pardalotidae
15850:Palaeoscinis
15848:
15825:
15805:
15785:
15765:
15758:
15751:
15744:
15737:
15730:
15725:Stresemannia
15723:
15716:
15709:
15702:
15695:
15688:
15681:
15674:
15669:Phylidonyris
15667:
15660:
15653:
15646:
15641:Nesoptilotis
15639:
15632:
15625:
15618:
15611:
15606:Melithreptus
15604:
15597:
15590:
15585:Meliphacator
15583:
15576:
15569:
15562:
15555:
15548:
15541:
15534:
15527:
15520:
15513:
15506:
15499:
15492:
15485:
15478:
15471:
15464:
15457:
15450:
15443:
15436:
15429:
15422:
15415:
15408:
15401:
15394:
15389:Acanthagenys
15387:
15380:Meliphagidae
15369:Toxorhamphus
15367:
15360:
15353:
15348:Melanocharis
15346:
15318:
15298:
15291:
15284:
15277:
15248:
15219:
15199:
15192:
15172:
15165:
15147:Philesturnus
15145:
15138:
15128:
15108:
15088:
15081:
15076:Pyrrholaemus
15074:
15067:
15060:
15053:
15046:
15039:
15032:
15025:
15018:
15011:
15004:
14997:
14990:
14983:Acanthizidae
14974:Resoviaornis
14972:
14935:
14928:
14921:
14914:
14907:
14900:
14893:
14886:
14879:
14872:
14865:
14858:
14851:
14844:
14837:
14830:
14823:
14818:Silvicultrix
14816:
14809:
14802:
14795:
14788:
14781:
14776:Ramphotrigon
14774:
14767:
14760:
14755:Pyrocephalus
14753:
14746:
14739:
14734:Pseudelaenia
14732:
14725:
14718:
14711:
14706:Platyrinchus
14704:
14697:
14690:
14683:
14676:
14669:
14662:
14655:
14648:
14641:
14634:
14627:
14622:Nephelomyias
14620:
14613:
14606:
14599:
14592:
14585:
14580:Myiotheretes
14578:
14571:
14564:
14557:
14552:Myiodynastes
14550:
14543:
14536:
14529:
14522:
14515:
14508:
14501:
14496:Mecocerculus
14494:
14487:
14482:Lophotriccus
14480:
14473:
14466:
14459:
14452:
14445:
14438:
14431:
14424:
14419:Heteroxolmis
14417:
14410:
14403:
14396:
14389:
14382:
14375:
14368:
14361:
14354:
14347:
14340:
14333:
14326:
14321:Colorhamphus
14319:
14312:
14305:
14300:Cnemotriccus
14298:
14291:
14284:
14277:
14270:
14263:
14256:
14251:Atalotriccus
14249:
14244:Arundinicola
14242:
14235:
14228:
14221:
14214:
14194:
14187:
14180:
14173:
14168:Pachyramphus
14166:
14159:
14152:
14145:
14138:
14131:
14124:
14096:
14091:Thamnophilus
14089:
14082:
14075:
14068:
14061:
14054:
14049:Radinopsyche
14047:
14040:
14035:Mackenziaena
14033:
14026:
14019:
14012:
14007:Frederickena
14005:
13998:
13991:
13984:
13977:
13970:
13950:
13943:
13936:
13929:
13922:
13915:
13908:
13901:
13894:
13887:
13880:
13873:
13866:
13859:
13852:
13845:
13825:
13818:
13811:
13804:
13797:
13790:
13783:
13776:
13769:
13762:
13755:
13748:
13728:
13723:Myrmorchilus
13721:
13714:
13709:Microrhopias
13707:
13700:
13695:Clytoctantes
13693:
13688:Aprositornis
13686:
13679:
13659:
13654:Myrmotherula
13652:
13645:
13638:
13609:
13602:
13595:
13575:
13546:
13539:
13534:Scelorchilus
13532:
13525:
13520:Pteroptochos
13518:
13511:
13504:
13497:
13490:
13483:
13476:
13469:
13449:
13442:
13435:
13428:
13421:
13414:
13407:
13400:
13393:
13386:
13381:Heterocercus
13379:
13372:
13365:
13358:
13351:
13344:
13326:Melanopareia
13324:
13304:
13297:
13292:Grallaricula
13290:
13283:
13276:
13269:Grallariidae
13248:
13241:
13234:
13227:
13220:
13213:
13206:
13199:
13192:
13185:
13178:
13171:
13164:
13157:
13150:
13143:
13136:
13129:
13122:
13117:Coryphistera
13115:
13108:
13101:
13094:
13087:
13082:Acrobatornis
13080:
13062:Thripadectes
13060:
13053:
13046:
13039:
13032:
13025:
13018:
13011:
13004:
12997:
12990:
12985:Anabacerthia
12983:
12963:
12956:
12949:
12942:
12937:Phleocryptes
12935:
12928:
12921:
12914:
12907:
12900:
12882:Pygarrhichas
12880:
12873:
12866:
12846:
12818:
12811:
12806:Dendrocincla
12804:
12799:Certhiasomus
12797:
12777:
12770:
12763:
12756:
12751:Hylexetastes
12749:
12742:
12737:Drymotoxeres
12735:
12728:
12721:
12714:
12707:
12700:
12671:
12664:
12644:
12634:
12610:
12603:
12583:
12576:
12569:
12562:
12555:
12548:
12541:
12534:
12527:
12522:Phoenicircus
12520:
12513:
12506:
12499:
12492:
12487:Haematoderus
12485:
12478:
12471:
12464:
12457:
12450:
12443:
12436:
12429:
12409:
12402:
12395:
12289:
12269:
12262:
12257:Erythropitta
12255:
12235:
12228:
12208:
12203:Sarcophanops
12201:
12194:
12187:
12180:
12173:
12166:
12159:Eurylaimidae
12146:
12139:
12123:Eurylaimides
12110:
12100:
12060:
12053:
12045:Pachyplichas
12043:
12033:
12023:
12015:Acanthisitta
12013:
11997:Acanthisitti
11984:
11974:
11964:
11954:
11943:
11834:
11822:
11810:
11798:
11708:(mousebirds)
11706:Coliiformes
11660:
11576:Gaviiformes
11568:Aequornithes
11476:Apodiformes
11437:Otidiformes
11413:Otidimorphae
11360:(sandgrouse)
11282:Phasianinae
11248:
11241:
11234:
11229:Odontophorus
11227:
11220:
11213:
11206:
11199:
11192:
11172:
11165:
11158:
11151:
11131:
11124:
11117:
11110:
11103:
11096:
11089:
11067:Oreophasinae
11013:
10993:
10986:
10891:(waterfowls)
10887:Anseriformes
10637:Cockfighting
10622:Conservation
10617:Bird feeding
10605:Birdwatching
10595:Ornithomancy
10535:Gansuiformes
10482:
10475:Fossil birds
10365:Intelligence
10193:
10166:cite journal
10149:
10145:
10122:
10095:
10089:
10083:
10056:
10050:
10026:
10020:
9980:
9974:
9941:
9935:
9900:
9894:
9835:
9829:
9813:. Retrieved
9806:the original
9775:
9769:
9729:
9723:
9693:
9680:
9653:
9649:
9617:
9575:
9562:
9531:
9486:
9482:
9417:
9411:
9398:
9389:
9385:
9375:
9359:
9355:
9329:
9325:
9318:
9309:
9305:
9298:
9273:
9267:
9260:
9251:
9247:
9233:
9190:
9184:
9175:
9142:
9138:
9106:
9097:
9064:
9060:
9054:
9035:
9029:
8987:
8981:
8944:(1): 43â50.
8941:
8935:
8907:
8903:
8893:
8860:
8856:
8850:
8809:
8805:
8795:
8787:
8782:
8766:
8761:
8742:
8736:
8723:
8710:
8697:
8678:
8672:
8629:
8625:
8571:
8565:
8517:
8513:
8503:
8495:
8473:
8449:. Retrieved
8444:
8401:Zeledoniidae
8394:
8391:
8382:
8373:
8364:
8355:
8346:
8337:
8319:
8306:
8290:
8251:
8234:Av 487â496;
8226:
8219:Eurylaimides
8205:
8194:Pellorneidae
8174:Australasian
8164:
7843:
7827:
7804:
7783:Zeledoniidae
7781:
7758:
7717:
7701:
7678:
7648:
7607:
7591:
7570:Cardinalidae
7568:
7529:
7513:
7483:
7472:Emberizoidea
7459:Fringillidae
7457:
7436:Motacillidae
7434:
7411:
7392:(accentors)
7388:
7338:
7322:
7299:
7254:
7231:
7199:
7187:(leafbirds)
7183:
7144:
7128:
7091:Promeropidae
7089:
7073:
6977:
6961:
6930:
6914:
6884:
6861:
6835:
6755:
6739:
6720:(oxpeckers)
6716:
6684:
6670:Muscicapidae
6668:
6638:
6615:
6521:
6507:Hypocoliidae
6505:
6482:
6459:
6436:
6413:
6230:Pellorneidae
6228:
6212:
6189:
6168:Zosteropidae
6166:
6134:
6118:
6090:Pycnonotidae
6088:
6017:
6001:
5978:
5957:Aegithalidae
5955:
5932:
5909:
5867:
5853:Hirundinidae
5851:
5787:Donacobiidae
5785:
5769:
5746:
5713:
5697:
5652:Cisticolidae
5650:
5627:
5604:
5572:
5556:
5517:
5501:
5462:
5446:
5372:
5356:
5333:
5310:
5262:
5246:
5200:
5161:
5020:
5004:
4981:
4958:
4937:Corcoracidae
4935:
4894:
4878:
4855:
4825:
4804:Rhipiduridae
4802:
4731:
4715:
4674:
4660:Aegithinidae
4658:
4635:
4607:Rhagologidae
4605:
4582:
4563:(boatbills)
4559:
4476:(whistlers)
4472:
4456:
4424:
4408:
4369:
4353:
4323:
4300:
4255:(sittellas)
4251:
4235:
4205:
4182:
4131:
4115:
4104:Orthonychida
4032:Pardalotidae
4030:
4016:Acanthizidae
4014:
3993:Meliphagidae
3991:
3968:
3945:
3887:
3871:
3860:Climacterida
3813:
3801:(lyrebirds)
3797:
3655:
3639:
3618:Tachurididae
3616:
3593:
3563:
3535:(sharpbill)
3531:
3515:
3485:
3462:
3439:
3363:(ovenbirds)
3359:
3343:
3320:
3297:
3278:(tapaculos)
3274:
3255:(antpittas)
3253:Grallariidae
3251:
3210:
3194:
3171:
3101:
3085:
3062:
3030:
3016:Eurylaimidae
3014:
2996:Eurylaimides
2955:
2951:Acanthisitti
2933:
2916:
2878:: wrenthrush
2876:Zeledoniidae
2828:Cardinalidae
2790:Fringillidae
2784:Motacillidae
2708:: sugarbirds
2706:Promeropidae
2691:
2662:: nuthatches
2643:Superfamily
2599:Muscicapidae
2576:Superfamily
2543:: hypocolius
2541:Hypocoliidae
2537:: hylocitrea
2506:Superfamily
2493:
2479:
2441:Aegithalidae
2405:
2384:Pellorneidae
2362:: white-eyes
2360:Zosteropidae
2342:Pycnonotidae
2331:Superfamily
2318:a stout and
2311:
2291:Hirundinidae
2268:Donacobiidae
2232:
2212:Cisticolidae
2151:
2142:
2135:
2093:: stitchbird
2075:: satinbirds
2055:
2044:
1996:Corcoracidae
1966:Rhipiduridae
1955:Superfamily
1934:Aegithinidae
1916:Rhagologidae
1889:
1869:Superfamily
1797:: whiteheads
1762:
1750:
1731:: logrunners
1717:Meliphagidae
1711:Acanthizidae
1707:: pardalotes
1705:Pardalotidae
1689:: bowerbirds
1650:
1646:
1591:
1590:
1564:Grallariidae
1536:
1528:
1527:
1501:Eurylaimidae
1484:Eurylaimides
1481:
1480:
1477:(suboscines)
1462:
1443:
1402:
1398:Acanthisitti
1393:
1343:paraphyletic
1328:
1276:Acanthisitti
1273:
1227:
1211:
1190:Acanthisitti
1188:
1161:passeroidean
1156:
1152:Palaeoscinis
1150:
1136:
1117:lagerstÀtten
1099:
1084:Eurylaimidae
1081:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1021:Resoviaornis
1019:
1011:
1002:
994:
937:
930:
925:Resoviaornis
923:
917:
911:
881:
863:
796:early Eocene
793:
783:in the late
770:Advances in
769:
749:
730:such as the
725:
713:
683:
660:treecreepers
645:
637:
622:
601:common raven
594:
558:Acanthisitti
544:
534:
526:
516:
505:
485:Acanthisitti
470:
461:
395:
349:
347:
323:
304:
300:Acanthisitti
275:
259:
197:
172:
164:
156:
148:
140:
132:
45:52.5â0
29:
16235:iNaturalist
16080:Wikispecies
15890:Garritornis
15807:Notiomystis
15746:Timeliopsis
15739:Territornis
15711:Ramsayornis
15704:Pycnopygius
15613:Melitograis
15543:Macgregoria
15494:Glycichaera
15452:Conopophila
15403:Anthochaera
15311:Stipiturini
15194:Cnemophilus
15167:Climacteris
15140:Heteralocha
15110:Atrichornis
15069:Pycnoptilus
15020:Calamanthus
14999:Acanthornis
14923:Xenotriccus
14895:Tyrannopsis
14874:Todirostrum
14853:Syrtidicola
14790:Rhytipterna
14769:Pyrrhomyias
14727:Polystictus
14678:Phyllomyias
14629:Nesotriccus
14594:Myiozetetes
14587:Myiotriccus
14524:Muscigralla
14517:Mitrephanes
14503:Megarynchus
14489:Machetornis
14412:Hemitriccus
14377:Euscarthmus
14370:Empidonomus
14307:Cnipodectes
14272:Camptostoma
14175:Schiffornis
14084:Thamnomanes
14070:Sakesphorus
14042:Megastictus
14021:Hypoedaleus
14000:Dysithamnus
13986:Cymbilaimus
13924:Poliocrania
13917:Percnostola
13896:Myrmelastes
13861:Gymnocichla
13838:Pyriglenini
13827:Willisornis
13785:Oneillornis
13771:Gymnopithys
13716:Myrmophylax
13647:Myrmochanes
13640:Formicivora
13577:Euchrepomis
13527:Rhinocrypta
13471:Acropternis
13444:Tyranneutes
13437:Pseudopipra
13395:Lepidothrix
13353:Chiroxiphia
13346:Ceratopipra
13278:Cryptopezus
13250:Xenerpestes
13243:Thripophaga
13222:Spartonoica
13166:Metopothrix
13152:Margarornis
13145:Limnoctites
13124:Cranioleuca
13073:Synallaxini
13034:Heliobletus
13020:Clibanornis
12992:Anabazenops
12976:Philydorini
12958:Tarphonomus
12868:Microxenops
12835:Furnariinae
12813:Deconychura
12790:Sittasomini
12657:Sclerurinae
12636:Berlepschia
12623:Furnariidae
12612:Formicarius
12459:Conioptilon
12445:Carpodectes
12431:Ampelioides
12404:Conopophaga
12339:See below â
12315:See below â
12230:Neodrepanis
12141:Calyptomena
12102:Crosnoornis
11836:WikiProject
11746:Piciformes
11629:Australaves
11608:Suliformes
11526:Gruiformes
11381:(flamingos)
11290:Tetraoninae
11261:Phasianidae
11250:Rhynchortyx
11215:Dactylortyx
11082:Megapodidae
11072:Penelopinae
11030:Galliformes
10772:Rheiformes
10766:(ostriches)
10716:individuals
10590:Ornithology
10577:interaction
10332:Preen gland
9815:14 February
9392:(3â4): 410.
9386:Ameghiniana
9193:(1): 1â39.
9067:(1): 7â13.
8433:Gill, Frank
8392:Teretistris
8386:The family
8326:Alcippeidae
8268:tibiotarsus
8244:tibiotarsus
8198:Pnoepygidae
7845:Spindalidae
7611:(tanagers)
7533:(buntings)
7531:Emberizidae
7515:Calcariidae
7415:(sparrows)
7390:Prunellidae
7324:Estrildidae
7289:Phoceoidea
7148:(sunbirds)
6850:Certhioidea
6839:(kinglets)
6688:(thrushes)
6619:(elechura)
6617:Elachuridae
6440:(waxwings)
6417:(palmchat)
6385:Muscicapida
5869:Pnoepygidae
5771:Bernieridae
5716:Graueriidae
5608:(nicators)
5606:Nicatoridae
5450:(hyliotas)
5376:(rockfowl)
5358:Chaetopidae
5312:Petroicidae
4859:(monarchs)
4857:Monarchidae
4806:(fantails)
4302:Psophodidae
4253:Neosittidae
3934:Meliphagida
3567:(piprites)
3533:Oxyruncidae
3466:(cotingas)
3443:(manakins)
3361:Furnariidae
3322:Scleruridae
3214:(antbirds)
2920:Alcippeidae
2894:Spindalidae
2830:: cardinals
2822:Emberizidae
2816:Calcariidae
2774:: accentors
2772:Prunellidae
2766:Estrildidae
2732:: leafbirds
2645:Certhioidea
2613:: oxpeckers
2587:Elachuridae
2496:Muscicapida
2484:apomorphies
2410:Passeroidea
2378:Alcippeidae
2285:Pnoepygidae
2274:Bernieridae
2200:Nicatoridae
2115:Chaetopidae
2097:Petroicidae
2056:Infraorder
2016:: jayshrike
1978:Monarchidae
1906:: boatbills
1856:: whistlers
1832:: shriketit
1820:: whipbirds
1818:Psophodidae
1803:: sittellas
1801:Neosittidae
1763:Infraorder
1677:: lyrebirds
1655:convergence
1582:Furnariidae
1566:: antpittas
1529:Infraorder
1482:Infraorder
1375:Certhioidea
1323:Australasia
1315:Passeroidea
1110:Pleistocene
1045:Crosnoornis
980:Lillburnian
932:Crosnoornis
896:tibiotarsus
664:woodcreeper
652:Furnariidae
640:tibiotarsus
625:anisodactyl
582:New Zealand
541:Description
477:vertebrates
466:anisodactyl
161:hooded crow
157:Parus major
16371:Categories
15945:Prionodura
15938:Chlamydera
15931:Archboldia
15924:Amblyornis
15917:Ailuroedus
15870:Pardalotus
15753:Trichodere
15718:Stomiopera
15676:Ptiloprora
15571:Melilestes
15564:Melidectes
15557:Meliarchus
15508:Grantiella
15501:Glycifohia
15487:Gliciphila
15466:Epthianura
15438:Certhionyx
15424:Bolemoreus
15320:Stipiturus
15286:Clytomyias
15174:Cormobates
15121:Callaeidae
15090:Smicrornis
15083:Sericornis
15048:Oreoscopus
15006:Aethomyias
14902:Tyrannulus
14881:Tolmomyias
14839:Sublegatus
14832:Stigmatura
14811:Serpophaga
14671:Philohydor
14643:Ochthornis
14566:Myiophobus
14531:Muscipipra
14475:Leptopogon
14447:Knipolegus
14426:Hirundinea
14405:Guyramemua
14398:Gubernetes
14349:Culicivora
14342:Corythopis
14293:Cnemarchus
14279:Capsiempis
14223:Alectrurus
14207:Tyrannidae
14196:Xenopsaris
14126:Iodopleura
13993:Dichrozona
13910:Myrmoderus
13903:Myrmoborus
13875:Hylophylax
13854:Ampelornis
13820:Sciaphylax
13799:Phlegopsis
13778:Hypocnemis
13764:Drymophila
13750:Cercomacra
13730:Neoctantes
13681:Ammonastes
13611:Thamnistes
13548:Teledromas
13541:Scytalopus
13374:Cryptopipo
13360:Chloropipo
13306:Myrmothera
13236:Synallaxis
13180:Premnoplex
13131:Hellmayrea
13110:Certhiaxis
13096:Aphrastura
13055:Syndactyla
13041:Megaxenops
12999:Ancistrops
12965:Upucerthia
12944:Premnornis
12916:Geocerthia
12893:Furnariini
12820:Sittasomus
12723:Dendroplex
12585:Zaratornis
12480:Gymnoderus
12422:Cotingidae
12376:Tyrannides
12306:Tyrannides
12282:Sapayoidae
12237:Philepitta
12210:Serilophus
12189:Psarisomus
12182:Eurylaimus
12148:Smithornis
12112:Wieslochia
12077:Eupasseres
11976:Winnicavis
11880:passerines
11878:Genera of
11586:(penguins)
11439:(bustards)
11277:Perdicinae
11222:Dendrortyx
11194:Callipepla
11126:Megapodius
11091:Aepypodius
10969:Tadorninae
10951:true geese
10782:(tinamous)
10741:Neornithes
10652:Pheasantry
10627:Aviculture
10395:Incubation
10385:Lek mating
9216:2440/43360
9107:J Ornithol
8775:0521362059
8498:, 88:1â15.
8476:, 34:3â15.
8410:References
8255:A partial
8230:Specimens
8215:Cotingidae
8190:Timaliidae
7719:Icteriidae
7609:Thraupidae
7413:Passeridae
7303:(weavers)
6916:Certhiidae
6831:Reguloidea
6718:Buphagidae
6642:(dippers)
6191:Timaliidae
6092:(bulbuls)
6077:Sylvioidea
5448:Hyliotidae
5248:Callaeidae
5143:Passerides
5008:(shrikes)
4829:(drongos)
4827:Dicruridae
4426:Vireonidae
4371:Oreoicidae
4289:Orioloidea
3657:Tyrannidae
3565:Pipritidae
3464:Cotingidae
3153:Furnariida
3143:Tyrannides
3105:(sapayoa)
3103:Sapayoidae
2858:Icteriidae
2840:Thraupidae
2824:: buntings
2778:Passeridae
2720:: sunbirds
2666:Certhiidae
2611:Buphagidae
2525:: waxwings
2519:: palmchat
2494:Parvorder
2366:Timaliidae
2333:Sylvioidea
2237:nuthatches
2202:: nicators
2166:: hyliotas
2164:Hyliotidae
2143:sensu lato
2140:Sylvioidea
2111:: rockfowl
2085:Callaeidae
2058:Passerides
1972:Dicruridae
1968:: fantails
1848:Vireonidae
1836:Oreoicidae
1653:) showing
1643:stitchbird
1619:Tyrannidae
1609:: cotingas
1607:Cotingidae
1603:: manakins
1560:: antbirds
1531:Tyrannides
1513:Sapayoidae
1367:Nuthatches
1347:stitchbird
1307:Sylvioidea
1131:See also:
1112:and early
1101:Wieslochia
1092:Wintershof
1068:Sylvioidea
1037:Winnicavis
1013:Wieslochia
996:Wieslochia
968:saddleback
954:S42815 (a
913:Wieslochia
876:apomorphic
738:, and the
678:See also:
512:omnivorous
306:Eupasseres
292:Suborders
192:Song of a
16021:Passerida
16010:Passerida
15976:Sericulus
15778:Menuridae
15767:Xanthotis
15683:Ptilotula
15599:Melipotes
15592:Meliphaga
15522:Gymnomyza
15480:Gavicalis
15473:Foulehaio
15459:Entomyzon
15445:Cissomela
15431:Caligavis
15410:Anthornis
15355:Oedistoma
15300:Sipodotus
15261:Malurinae
15250:Amytornis
15232:Maluridae
15221:Dasyornis
15062:Pachycare
14992:Acanthiza
14937:Zimmerius
14657:Ornithion
14650:Oncostoma
14636:Ochthoeca
14615:Neoxolmis
14559:Myiopagis
14545:Myiarchus
14510:Mionectes
14384:Fluvicola
14363:Empidonax
14286:Casiornis
14265:Calyptura
14230:Anairetes
14216:Agriornis
14161:Oxyruncus
14140:Laniocera
14133:Laniisoma
14117:Tityridae
13945:Sclateria
13938:Rhopornis
13931:Pyriglena
13889:Myrmeciza
13604:Pygiptila
13597:Myrmornis
13499:Merulaxis
13492:Liosceles
13299:Hylopezus
13285:Grallaria
13215:Siptornis
13006:Automolus
12923:Limnornis
12909:Furnarius
12902:Cinclodes
12730:Drymornis
12673:Sclerurus
12578:Xipholena
12571:Snowornis
12557:Pyroderus
12529:Phytotoma
12515:Phibalura
12473:Doliornis
12452:Carpornis
12411:Pittasoma
12264:Hydrornis
12055:Traversia
11891:Kingdom:
11655:(parrots)
11499:(hoatzin)
11450:Strisores
11431:(turacos)
11423:(cuckoos)
11352:(mesites)
11271:(turkeys)
11243:Philortyx
11160:Agelastes
11153:Acryllium
11144:Numididae
11133:Talegalla
11043:gamebirds
11036:landfowls
11015:Anseranas
10979:Anhimidae
10938:Anserinae
10721:fictional
10443:dinosaurs
10438:Theropoda
10425:Evolution
10370:Migration
10352:Behaviour
10194:passerine
9937:Evolution
9362:: 41â64.
9167:1477-2019
8842:205998536
8826:0003-0147
8299:diaphysis
8209:Specimen
8178:Maluridae
8168:The name
7703:Icteridae
7680:Parulidae
7301:Ploceidae
7130:Dicaeidae
7055:Passerida
6837:Regulidae
6757:Sturnidae
6640:Cinclidae
6136:Sylviidae
6003:Cettiidae
5936:(hylias)
5574:Panuridae
5558:Alaudidae
5519:Remizidae
5335:Eupetidae
4880:Ifritidae
4791:Corvoidea
4735:(vangas)
4584:Artamidae
4458:Oriolidae
4428:(vireos)
4237:Mohouidae
3947:Maluridae
3799:Menuridae
3487:Tityridae
3428:Tyrannida
3089:(pittas)
3034:(asites)
2913:Phylogeny
2864:Icteridae
2852:Parulidae
2756:: weavers
2754:Ploceidae
2724:Dicaeidae
2634:Regulidae
2617:Sturnidae
2595:: dippers
2593:Cinclidae
2453:Cettiidae
2348:Sylviidae
2344:: bulbuls
2194:Alaudidae
2188:Panuridae
2182:Remizidae
2103:Eupetidae
2010:: shrikes
1984:Ifritidae
1974:: drongos
1957:Corvoidea
1910:Artamidae
1886:goldcrest
1860:Oriolidae
1795:Mohouidae
1693:Maluridae
1675:Menuridae
1629:Suborder
1613:Tityridae
1497:: asities
1473:Suborder
1467:suboscine
1448:suboscine
1358:monotypic
1319:phylogeny
1299:Corvoidea
1292:Passerida
1076:Cettiidae
1072:Sylviidae
1005:Oligocene
938:From the
908:Oligocene
884:osteology
831:Passerida
827:Passerida
824:parvorder
804:Zealandia
787:or early
785:Paleocene
698:parasitic
694:nightjars
686:altricial
607:and some
481:suborders
387:) is any
350:passerine
334:Diversity
229:Kingdom:
223:Eukaryota
153:great tit
42:âRecent,
35:Passerine
16065:Wikidata
15998:Corvides
15987:Corvides
15827:Orthonyx
15697:Purnella
15662:Philemon
15648:Oreornis
15634:Myzomela
15578:Melionyx
15550:Manorina
15536:Lichmera
15270:Malurini
15130:Callaeas
15034:Hylacola
15027:Gerygone
14916:Uromyias
14909:Tyrannus
14888:Tumbezia
14860:Tachuris
14825:Sirystes
14804:Sayornis
14699:Pitangus
14692:Piprites
14664:Phelpsia
14601:Nengetus
14573:Myiornis
14468:Lessonia
14433:Hymenops
14335:Contopus
14328:Conopias
14147:Myiobius
14098:Xenornis
13868:Hafferia
13741:Pithyini
13661:Terenura
13485:Eugralla
13451:Xenopipo
13423:Neopelma
13367:Corapipo
13337:Pipridae
13201:Roraimia
13103:Asthenes
13089:Anumbius
13048:Philydor
13027:Dendroma
12930:Lochmias
12666:Geositta
12605:Chamaeza
12564:Rupicola
12550:Procnias
12536:Pipreola
12494:Lipaugus
12438:Ampelion
12248:Pittidae
12035:Kuiornis
11986:Yunnanus
11899:Chordata
11897:Phylum:
11893:Animalia
11800:Category
11674:Afroaves
11602:(storks)
11404:Passerea
11389:(grebes)
11325:Columbea
11236:Oreortyx
11208:Cyrtonyx
11098:Alectura
11062:Cracinae
11054:Cracidae
10931:Oxyurini
10921:Aythyini
10916:Anatinae
10900:Anatidae
10647:Falconry
10610:big year
10465:Seabirds
10375:Foraging
10322:Feathers
10114:11018162
10073:85317440
10039:Archived
10005:12967614
9966:23065097
9958:11475055
9927:15888418
9880:Archived
9872:15263073
9802:11839199
9754:16054402
9672:23229025
9616:(eds.).
9551:Archived
9540:Archived
9523:30936315
9438:Archived
9364:Archived
9332:: 39â75.
9312:: 33â78.
9254:: 38â57.
9225:85230857
9089:85167051
9006:73668280
8885:15062790
8834:22504546
8664:26824065
8598:11839192
8544:11839199
8451:26 April
8276:proximal
8261:Turdidae
8257:coracoid
8217:than to
7340:Viduidae
7201:Irenidae
6981:(wrens)
6886:Sittidae
6686:Turdidae
6523:Mohoidae
5934:Hyliidae
5560:(larks)
5428:Sylviida
5006:Laniidae
4983:Corvidae
4882:(ifrit)
4733:Vangidae
4662:(ioras)
4171:Corvides
3786:Menurida
3441:Pipridae
3087:Pittidae
2760:Viduidae
2736:Irenidae
2660:Sittidae
2605:Turdidae
2548:Mohoidae
2437:: hylias
2435:Hyliidae
2408:), many
2020:Corvidae
2008:Laniidae
1948:: vangas
1946:Vangidae
1850:: vireos
1765:Corvides
1601:Pipridae
1521:: pittas
1519:Pittidae
1362:kinglets
1351:Eurasian
1331:wastebin
1288:Corvides
1139:Americas
1114:Holocene
1106:Pliocene
868:songbird
814:and the
740:cowbirds
721:Viduidae
633:cotingas
574:lyrebird
324:and see
281:Linnaeus
243:Chordata
239:Phylum:
233:Animalia
219:Domain:
137:blue jay
16315:1041547
16121:Avibase
15732:Sugomel
15417:Ashbyia
15293:Malurus
14961:Passeri
14846:Suiriri
14797:Satrapa
14608:Neopipo
14461:Legatus
14356:Elaenia
14314:Colonia
14056:Rhopias
14028:Isleria
13847:Akletos
13506:Myornis
13409:Manacus
13388:Ilicura
13159:Mazaria
12501:Querula
12466:Cotinga
12330:Passeri
12291:Sapayoa
12168:Corydon
12086:Tyranni
12062:Xenicus
11915:Order:
11909:Clade:
11903:Class:
11812:Commons
11316:Neoaves
11201:Colinus
11167:Guttera
11105:Eulipoa
10926:Mergini
10790:(kiwis)
10774:(rheas)
10585:Ringing
10410:Hybrids
10405:Nesting
10360:Singing
10337:Plumage
10312:Dactyly
10282:Anatomy
10272:Outline
10262:: Aves)
10146:The Auk
9985:Bibcode
9918:1599865
9840:Bibcode
9793:1690884
9734:Bibcode
9514:6475423
9491:Bibcode
9434:4088653
9278:Bibcode
9269:Geobios
9195:Bibcode
9147:Bibcode
9069:Bibcode
8946:Bibcode
8865:Bibcode
8655:4730849
8634:Bibcode
8589:1690883
8535:1690884
8312:humerus
8296:humerus
8283:Paridae
6741:Mimidae
6415:Dulidae
5503:Paridae
3769:Passeri
2986:Tyranni
2680:: wrens
2623:Mimidae
2517:Dulidae
2320:cryptic
2196:: larks
2176:Paridae
1936:: ioras
1770:Corvida
1631:Passeri
1475:Tyranni
1329:Major "
1284:Passeri
1280:Tyranni
1229:Passeri
1213:Tyranni
1137:In the
1088:Miocene
976:Awamoan
942:at the
898:) from
835:Corvida
818:in the
816:Passeri
808:Tyranni
701:cuckoos
619:Anatomy
551:Passeri
547:Tyranni
521:of the
497:Passeri
489:Tyranni
445:; from
391:of the
317:Passeri
312:Tyranni
272:Order:
249:Class:
16354:159384
16299:NZOR:
16266:178265
16178:1PASSO
16071:Q25341
15787:Menura
15055:Origma
14930:Xolmis
14762:Pyrope
14440:Inezia
14258:Attila
14189:Tityra
14077:Taraba
13979:Biatas
13972:Batara
13806:Pithys
13416:Masius
12848:Xenops
12765:Nasica
11824:Portal
11700:(owls)
11174:Numida
11112:Leipoa
10995:Chauna
10988:Anhima
10683:Genera
10657:Imping
10575:Human
10415:Colony
10342:Vision
10327:Flight
10129:
10112:
10071:
10003:
9964:
9956:
9925:
9915:
9870:
9863:503738
9860:
9800:
9790:
9752:
9700:
9670:
9624:
9582:
9521:
9511:
9432:
9223:
9165:
9087:
9031:Condor
9004:
8883:
8840:
8832:
8824:
8773:
8749:
8685:
8662:
8652:
8596:
8586:
8542:
8532:
8265:distal
8196:, and
2567:(male)
1313:, and
999:fossil
958:right
956:distal
798:. The
789:Eocene
763:, and
732:viduas
629:hallux
562:syrinx
535:passer
473:clades
457:formis
451:passer
40:Eocene
16349:WoRMS
16336:Plazi
16328:39441
16253:11290
16248:IRMNG
16191:10842
15760:Vosea
13952:Sipia
13430:Pipra
12271:Pitta
11966:Jamna
10944:swans
10906:ducks
10876:fowls
10671:Lists
10295:Brain
10260:class
10256:Birds
10084:c-mos
10069:S2CID
10042:(PDF)
10017:(PDF)
9962:S2CID
9809:(PDF)
9766:(PDF)
9441:(PDF)
9430:JSTOR
9408:(PDF)
9367:(PDF)
9352:(PDF)
9244:(PDF)
9221:S2CID
9145:(1).
9085:S2CID
9002:S2CID
8838:S2CID
2550:: oos
1884:Tiny
1745:Male
1641:Male
1371:wrens
1029:Jamna
962:of a
948:Otago
919:Jamna
858:Male
570:crows
566:songs
555:basal
533:term
531:Latin
447:Latin
393:order
260:Clade
16292:9126
16287:NCBI
16261:ITIS
16240:7251
16222:GBIF
16173:EPPO
16165:1596
16134:BOLD
16019:See
15996:See
15627:Myza
11905:Aves
10317:Eggs
10305:milk
10300:Crop
10290:Beak
10172:link
10127:ISBN
10110:PMID
10001:PMID
9954:PMID
9923:PMID
9868:PMID
9831:PNAS
9817:2008
9798:PMID
9750:PMID
9698:ISBN
9668:PMID
9622:ISBN
9580:ISBN
9548:here
9546:and
9537:here
9519:PMID
9163:ISSN
8881:PMID
8830:PMID
8822:ISSN
8771:ISBN
8747:ISBN
8683:ISBN
8660:PMID
8594:PMID
8540:PMID
8453:2020
8328:and
8279:ulna
8270:and
8240:MNHN
8236:SMNS
8170:wren
2922:and
1647:hihi
1337:and
1301:and
1290:and
1143:MACN
929:and
717:tits
692:and
662:and
389:bird
326:text
285:1758
253:Aves
53:Preê
16274:NBN
16227:729
16160:EoL
16152:3RL
16147:CoL
16139:321
16108:AFD
16095:ADW
10154:doi
10100:doi
10061:doi
10031:doi
9993:doi
9946:doi
9913:PMC
9905:doi
9901:272
9858:PMC
9848:doi
9836:101
9788:PMC
9780:doi
9776:269
9742:doi
9658:doi
9509:PMC
9499:doi
9487:116
9422:doi
9418:110
9413:Auk
9286:doi
9211:hdl
9203:doi
9155:doi
9077:doi
9040:doi
9036:108
8992:doi
8988:121
8983:Auk
8954:doi
8937:Emu
8912:doi
8908:141
8873:doi
8814:doi
8810:179
8650:PMC
8642:doi
8584:PMC
8576:doi
8572:269
8530:PMC
8522:doi
8518:269
8232:SMF
8211:SMF
2235:),
1645:or
978:to
964:tui
952:MNZ
946:in
810:in
510:or
429:ÉËr
167:),
159:),
151:),
143:),
135:),
16373::
16351::
16338::
16325::
16312::
16289::
16276::
16263::
16250::
16237::
16224::
16201::
16188::
16175::
16162::
16149::
16136::
16123::
16110::
16097::
16082::
16067::
10168:}}
10164:{{
10150:99
10148:.
10144:.
10108:.
10096:17
10094:.
10088:.
10067:.
10057:35
10055:.
10037:.
10027:34
10025:.
10019:.
9999:.
9991:.
9981:29
9979:.
9960:.
9952:.
9942:55
9940:.
9921:.
9911:.
9899:.
9893:.
9866:.
9856:.
9846:.
9834:.
9828:.
9796:.
9786:.
9774:.
9768:.
9748:.
9740:.
9730:38
9728:.
9688:;
9666:.
9654:62
9652:.
9648:.
9636:^
9612:;
9594:^
9570:;
9517:.
9507:.
9497:.
9485:.
9481:.
9449:^
9436:.
9428:.
9416:.
9410:.
9390:28
9388:.
9360:25
9358:.
9354:.
9338:^
9330:24
9328:.
9310:23
9308:.
9284:.
9274:36
9272:.
9250:.
9246:.
9219:.
9209:.
9201:.
9189:.
9161:.
9153:.
9143:22
9141:.
9137:.
9117:^
9109:.
9105:.
9083:.
9075:.
9065:11
9063:.
9034:.
9028:.
9014:^
9000:.
8986:.
8980:.
8966:^
8952:.
8942:97
8940:.
8926:^
8906:.
8902:.
8879:.
8871:.
8861:31
8859:.
8836:.
8828:.
8820:.
8808:.
8804:.
8658:.
8648:.
8640:.
8628:.
8624:.
8606:^
8592:.
8582:.
8570:.
8564:.
8552:^
8538:.
8528:.
8516:.
8512:.
8494:.
8481:^
8472:.
8461:^
8443:.
8418:^
8294:A
8263:;
8221:.
8192:,
5718:"
2630:â
2281:â
1753:,
1377:.
1369:,
1356:â
1309:,
1163:.
1155:.
1078:?)
1074:?
922:,
916:,
759:,
742:.
734:,
711:.
670:.
525:,
483::
435:iË
377:aÉȘ
348:A
283:,
262::
200:)
175:)
103:Pg
47:Ma
15965:â
15838:â
15136:â
14970:â
12642:â
12108:â
12098:â
12051:â
12041:â
12031:â
12021:â
11982:â
11972:â
11962:â
11952:â
11871:e
11864:t
11857:v
11045:)
11038:-
11034:(
10908:)
10904:(
10878:)
10874:(
10870:e
10868:a
10866:r
10864:e
10862:s
10860:n
10858:a
10856:o
10854:l
10852:l
10850:a
10848:G
10835:e
10833:a
10831:h
10829:t
10827:a
10825:n
10823:g
10821:o
10819:e
10817:N
10258:(
10248:e
10241:t
10234:v
10174:)
10156::
10135:.
10116:.
10102::
10082:"
10075:.
10063::
10033::
10007:.
9995::
9987::
9968:.
9948::
9929:.
9907::
9874:.
9850::
9842::
9819:.
9782::
9756:.
9744::
9736::
9706:.
9674:.
9660::
9630:.
9588:.
9557:.
9525:.
9501::
9493::
9424::
9292:.
9288::
9280::
9252:6
9227:.
9213::
9205::
9197::
9191:5
9169:.
9157::
9149::
9091:.
9079::
9071::
9048:.
9042::
9008:.
8994::
8960:.
8956::
8948::
8920:.
8914::
8887:.
8875::
8867::
8844:.
8816::
8777:.
8755:.
8691:.
8666:.
8644::
8636::
8630:1
8600:.
8578::
8546:.
8524::
8455:.
8403:.
5714:"
2546:â
2478:(
2404:(
2310:(
2231:(
2134:(
2043:(
1888:(
1757:)
1749:(
1649:(
1461:(
1450:.
1442:(
1392:(
1070:(
974:(
927:,
862:(
441:/
438:z
432:m
426:f
423:ÉȘ
420:r
417:É
414:s
411:ĂŠ
408:p
405:Ë
402:/
398:(
383:/
380:n
374:r
371:É
368:s
365:ĂŠ
362:p
359:Ë
356:/
352:(
196:(
171:(
163:(
155:(
147:(
139:(
131:(
108:N
98:K
93:J
88:T
83:P
78:C
73:D
68:S
63:O
58:ê
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
