533:(Bill 101), a framework law which defines the linguistic primacy of French and seeks to make French the common public language of Quebec. It allowed the advancement of francophones towards management roles, until then largely out of their reach. Despite the fact that 85% of the population spoke French and most of them did not understand English, the language of management was English in most medium and large businesses. Critics, both Francophone and Anglophone, have however criticized the charter for restraining citizens' linguistic school choice, as it only permits anglophones to attend English-language schools funded by the state (private schools remained an option for those who could afford tuition). The Parti Québécois initiated the
1139:
1147:
761:
413:
1031:
election, was six seats). Although new party leader Paul St-Pierre
Plamondon managed to win his seat, the PQ lost its official party status and came in a distant fourth place. With just over 14% of the popular vote, it broke a new record low score for the party, resulting in the PQ's smallest presence ever in the National Assembly. The movement of most voter support over to the CAQ and other nationalist parties put into question the party's relevance and its ability to survive in future.
1011:, the current youngest MNA in the party and the province and the only PQ MNA from Greater Montreal, resigned from the Parti Québécois to sit as an independent, claiming the party had lost its way. At the same time, several members of the PQ's youth wing expressed concern that the party might not have a future. Fournier's defection dropped the party into fourth place, losing its standing as second opposition and potentially, losing their official party status once again.
1193:
1229:
4921:
2766:
2731:
2698:
2668:
2640:
2607:
2574:
2539:
2504:
2476:
2443:
2406:
2376:
2348:
2320:
160:
46:
658:, a federal-level sovereigntist party, succeeded Parizeau as PQ leader, but chose not to call another referendum due to the absence of "winning conditions". Bouchard's government then balanced the provincial budget – a feat achieved in Canada only by the federal government and a few of the ten Canadian provinces at that point – by reducing
971:, the PQ ruled out holding a referendum on sovereignty until 2022 at the earliest. With the sovereignty issue taken off the table for the first time in almost half a century, the 2018 election unfolded in a historic way, being the first time in a half century a party other than the Parti Québécois or Liberals were elected to power, with a
749:. Boisclair said that the voters clearly did not support a strategy of a rapid referendum in the first mandate of a PQ government. Instead of a policy convention following the election, the party held a presidents' council. The party caucus in the provincial legislative assembly was said to have supported Boisclair continuing as leader.
1103:, a former PQ riding president and Bloc candidate, was elected leader of the Bloc Québécois. Notwithstanding his previous ties to both parties, Beaulieu has been critical of what he sees as a too timid approach to sovereignty by both the Bloc and PQ. Beaulieu's election as Bloc leader was more warmly received by the PQ's rival party,
987:
completely shut out of
Montreal for the first time in memory, including its traditional stronghold in the heavily francophone eastern portion. Historically, when the PQ won government, the eastern half of the Island of Montreal was coated light blue. Many younger sovereigntists defected to Québec Solidaire.
430:(BQ, whose members are known as "Bloquistes"), the federal party that has also advocated for the secession of Quebec from Canada, but the two are not linked organizationally. As with its federal counterpart, the Parti Québécois has been supported by a wide range of voters in Quebec, from large sections of
1170:
The party revealed a new logo on 21 February 2007, at the beginning of the 2007 provincial election campaign. While maintaining the basic style of past logos, the Q was redesigned and modernized. In addition, the tail of the Q was recoloured green. This logo was replaced in 2021 with a new logo that
686:
Mid-late 2004 was difficult for Landry's leadership, which was being contested. A vote was held during the party's June 2005 convention to determine whether Landry continued to have the confidence of the party membership. Landry said he wanted at least 80% of approval and after gaining 76.2% approval
1166:
which he claimed Canada was imposing on Quebec and opening Quebec upon the world and the future. The PQ has made very few significant modifications to its logo during its history. In 1985 it made the circle and arrow slightly thicker, and placed the tip of the latter at the centre of the circle. The
1003:
suggested that the PQ was likely finished in its present form, and would have to merge with another sovereigntist party to avoid fading into irrelevance. On 27 November 2018, the CAQ granted both the PQ and Québec
Solidaire official status in the legislature, despite the parties being short on seats
986:
With few exceptions, its support bled to the CAQ, which took several ridings that had been in PQ hands for 40 years or more, by large margins in many cases. A number of longtime PQ supporters defected to the CAQ because they no longer believed sovereignty was a realistic goal. Notably, the party was
1294:
Further to her desire to protect French in Quebec, during Marois' visit to France in
October 2012, she recommended that the "French elite" conduct themselves only in French on the international scene. However, some of Marois' international critics scoffed at her pretension that the "French elite"
1275:
After then-French
President Nicolas Sarkozy rejected the long-standing "non-interference, non-indifference" stance towards Quebec should it seek sovereignty in 2009, PQ leader and Premier Pauline Marois' visit to France in October 2012 saw her reinstate it with French President François Hollande.
1030:
saw even further erosion and an unprecedented loss of support for the Parti
Quebecois. Not only did the party once again not form government or the official opposition, but saw its lowest number of elected seats in the history of the PQ's existence–only 3 seats won (the previous lowest, the 1973
1290:
Marois stated there is nothing dogmatic in
Francophones wishing to declare their existence even if it includes developing legislation requiring newcomers to have a basic understanding of French before becoming citizens of Quebec. (Note that there are no official citizens of Quebec; residents of
528:
to self-determination, insofar as this self-determination did not affect the territorial integrity of Quebec. The PQ passed laws on public consultations and the financing of political parties, which ensured equal financing of political parties and limited contributions by individuals to $ 3000.
1302:
As of 2014, the PQ electoral program describes the party's main commitment: "Aspiring to political liberty, the Parti Québécois has as its first objective to achieve the sovereignty of Quebec after consulting the population by a referendum to be held at the moment that the government judges
835:
with 54 of 125 seats in the
National Assembly. It embarked on a program of "sovereigntist governance" in relations with the rest of Canada, to return Quebec to balanced budgets through higher taxes and debt reduction, to increase the use of French in public services, and to address resource
630:
proposing negotiations on sovereignty. Again, the sovereigntists lost the vote. The final count showed 49.42% of voters supported negotiations that could eventually lead to sovereignty. On the night of the defeat, an emotionally drained
Premier Parizeau stated that the loss was caused by
717:, was formed which included many activists who likely would formerly have been members or supporters of the PQ. Over subsequent elections, the QS attracted increasing support from left-wing sovereigntists disillusioned with the PQ. At the same time on the right, the ADQ and later the
922:
Despite a fiercely contested race, Péladeau was the frontrunner for much of the campaign, causing Jean-François Lisée to drop out in
January 2015, Bernard Drainville to drop out on 22 April 2015, and Pierre Céré to follow Drainville only five days before the leadership election.
848:
Based on the charter's growing popularity among francophones, Marois called an early election for 7 April 2014 in an attempt to win a majority government. Despite leading in the polls when the writ was dropped, the campaign went badly due to several mishaps. The recruitment of
1084:. The two parties have frequently shared political candidates, and have supported each other during election campaigns. The two parties have a similar membership and voter base. Prominent members of either party often attend and speak at both organizations' public events.
998:
within hours of the results being known, there was speculation that the party's very survival was in doubt; there were concerns that it was no longer capable of attracting enough support "to justify its political usefulness". Christian Bourque of Montreal-based pollster
990:
Leader Jean-François Lisée was defeated in his own riding and resigned thereafter, accepting the blame for his party's failure and collapse. After 50 years in the forefront of Quebec politics, the Parti Québécois had been pushed into marginal status. According to
5409:
5394:
3644:
1121:
reported on an investigation into two closed Facebook groups, whose stated aim is to bolster the PQ, by anti-racist activist Jeff Ray. Ray found that many participants, while supporters of the PQ, were also members of far-right groups like
983:). The PQ was reduced to its smallest presence in the National Assembly since its first election in 1970. In this election the Parti Québécois only garnered 17% of the popular vote, the lowest score in party's history at the time.
552:
of its existence. Lévesque wanted to focus on governing Quebec rather than sovereignty, and also wanted to adopt a more conciliatory approach on constitutional issues. This angered the more ardent sovereigntists, known as the
1298:
Marois stated the PQ understands the arrival of newcomers is attractive and they "contribute greatly" to Quebec's growth, but she stated that does not imply that to better assimilate them that "we must erase our own history."
1329:
These are the slogans used by the Parti Québécois in general election campaigns throughout its history. They are displayed with an unofficial translation. The elections in which the PQ won or remained in power are in bold.
752:
On 8 May 2007, Boisclair announced his resignation as leader of the PQ. This was effective immediately, although Boisclair confirmed he would remain within the PQ caucus for the time being. He was replaced by veteran MNA
3677:
4857:
1857:
Became Leader of the Opposition when Johnson resigned on 10 November 1987. Remained parliamentary leader after Jacques Parizeau became party leader from 19 March 1988 until Parizeau won a seat on 25 September 1989.
3654:
701:. At the time of Boisclair's election, the PQ was as much as 20 percent ahead of the Liberals in opinion polls, suggesting that Boisclair would lead them to a landslide majority government in the next election.
4980:
1271:
The Parti Québécois centres on the protection of the Franco-Québécois identity, up to or including the ultimate result of sovereignty-association. Sovereigntism, however, is 'Article 1' in its party program.
414:
5075:
5085:
635:(which led to accusations that Parizeau was racist) as well as by the divided votes amongst francophones. Parizeau resigned the next day (as he is alleged to have planned beforehand in case of a defeat).
5055:
5527:
840:
which would have curtailed minority religious identity by banning the wearing of religious symbols by those in the employ of the government, particularly Sikh turbans, Muslim veils and Jewish kippahs.
1167:
original saw it span the whole diameter. When placed upon a blue background instead of a white one, the circle was commonly turned to white, the single main design variation currently observed.
3709:
4320:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5404:
5399:
776:. In a surprise move, Duceppe withdrew on the 12th – leaving Marois the only declared candidate. No other candidates came forward, and on 26 June 2007, Marois won the leadership by
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
4528:
4502:
4602:
4655:
1043:. In response, on December 9, 2022, the CAQ passed a bill abolishing the requirement, allowing the PQ into the legislature by early 2023, however its legality is being questioned.
5050:
4426:
3969:
5090:
470:
The PQ's primary goals were to obtain political, economic and social autonomy for the province of Quebec. Lévesque introduced the strategy of referendums early in the 1970s.
5664:
4906:
5559:
1130:. This included "grassroots activists to aspiring candidates to officials on the executive council" on the PQ side, and "key personalities of the far right" on the other.
1039:
On December 1, 2022, the PQ's three newly elected members were barred from the Quebec legislature following their refusal to swear an oath to the King, as required by the
1046:
After the 2022 provincial election, the PQ held a leadership confidence vote in March 2023. Plamondon broke a record for the PQ votes of confidence, with 98.51% support.
598:
return as premier. The Liberals served in office for two terms and attempted to negotiate a constitutional settlement with the rest of Canada but with the failure of the
3565:
5040:
4576:
860:
suggesting that wealthy Muslim men were taking over swimming pools, among other incidents badly hurt the PQ. Marois' government was defeated by the Liberals, led by
2218:
4628:
4554:
4180:
3391:
5025:
3301:
5740:
2009:
Interim leader following Lisée's resignation, remains legislative leader, as current leader, Paul St-Pierre Plamondon does not have seat in National Assembly
5534:
4985:
4401:
3687:
626:. This saw the PQ win 77 seats and 44% of the vote, on a promise to hold an independence referendum within a year. The following year, Parizeau called the
4728:
4218:
2206:
4700:
4011:
2146:
1155:
5956:
5045:
3619:
4899:
4344:
1283:
commission on minorities, which conducted hearings across the province. The commission briefing looked to reformulate the relations between Quebec's
5745:
5166:
464:
355:; however, unlike most other social democratic parties, its ties with organized labour are informal. Members and supporters of the PQ are nicknamed
123:
5715:
3872:
975:
majority win. It also marked, for the first time in 42 years, that the Parti Québécois failed to win a sufficient number of seats to maintain its
5946:
4532:
3713:
815:
Inc. concerning the management of the new sports and entertainment complex in Quebec City. Unrest continued later in the month when a fifth MNA,
4884:
3991:
1049:
Since the 2022 election, the PQ saw an increase in its support in polls with them polling as the second largest party but still behind the CAQ.
5951:
4373:
4330:
4154:
3844:
3327:
5911:
5245:
4758:
4240:
3592:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
945:
894:
698:
560:
4606:
5931:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
4892:
4506:
4194:
4268:
4072:
4047:
2963:
2925:
868:
which resulted in a Liberal majority government. The PQ won 25% of the vote and 30 seats, its worst result in terms of popular vote since
5866:
5684:
1073:
4663:
3353:
5554:
4430:
885:
by-election, PQ candidate Alexandre Bégin came in third place, with 8.28% of the popular vote, only narrowly beating Québec Solidaire.
729:
while retaining their Quebec nationalist identities. These political developments resulted in the PQ being squeezed from both sides.
5141:
4254:
4126:
4026:
3735:
2824:
2237:
5659:
4098:
3816:
1276:
Also during her visit, Marois commented that "Canada's current foreign policy corresponds to neither our values nor our interests".
745:(ADQ) in number of seats and the popular vote: this was the first time since 1973 that the party did not form the government or the
5941:
5491:
5136:
1008:
3450:
882:
4294:
4255:"PQ leader Paul St-Pierre Plamondon wins record 98.51% of delegate support in vote of confidence - Montreal | Globalnews.ca"
1769:
When a Parti Québécois leader does not have a seat in the National Assembly, another member leads the party in the legislature.
836:
development in Northern Quebec. However the PQ's 'new Bill 101' did not pass. The centrepiece of the government's program was a
819:, also quit, citing his dissatisfaction with the party's sole focus being sovereignty. Beaudoin rejoined the PQ caucus in 2012.
5961:
1053:
4632:
3899:
3569:
1239:
5646:
4837:
3517:
3483:
3424:
3278:
3244:
3210:
3183:
3154:
3133:
3112:
3091:
3070:
3049:
2981:
2939:
2881:
2032:
Until 5 June 2005, the office of President of the Parti Québécois was known as First Vice-president of the Parti Québécois.
482:, winning seven seats. However, Lévesque was unable to get into the renamed National Assembly. Although it lost one seat in
448:
113:
5921:
5669:
5520:
5161:
5060:
3925:
2905:
4452:
3540:
3383:
5595:
4915:
3952:
2814:
467:
held a general assembly that voted to dissolve the RIN. Its former members were invited to join the new Parti Québécois.
328:
278:
5725:
5710:
4580:
3761:
520:
The first PQ government was known as the "republic of professors" because of the large number of scholars in Lévesque's
5705:
5106:
4562:
742:
856:, whose comments made sovereignty and the prospect of another referendum a focus of the campaign, as well as feminist
5916:
5238:
4971:
4823:
4809:
4795:
4778:
4213:
3788:
3305:
2794:
1158:. It consists of a stylised letter Q, represented by a blue circle broken by a red arrow. The creator meant it as an
772:
was the first to announce his intention to run for party leadership, on 11 May 2007. He was followed the same day by
549:
391:
501:, the Parti Québécois won government for the first time and took 71 of the 110 seats available. Lévesque became the
5936:
5606:
2844:
2819:
4479:
2931:
5730:
4914:
4684:
17:
5116:
4771:
L'autre histoire de l'indépendance : de Pierre Vallières à Charles Gagnon, de Claude Morin à Paul Desmarais
3005:
5065:
4208:
530:
5111:
2097:
1533:
1500:
Until 5 June 2005, the office of Leader of the Parti Québécois was known as President of the Parti Québécois.
955:
with reneging in unsuccessful deliberations for a putative electoral alliance between the Parti Québécois and
5906:
2105:
Nadia Assimopoulos served as acting leader (then known as president) from 20 June 1985 to 29 September 1985.
575:
5735:
5171:
3439:
979:. With only 10 seats won, not only did it lose official status, but was relegated to third place (tied with
5231:
5015:
2747:
2712:
2684:
2654:
2621:
2588:
2555:
2520:
2490:
2457:
2424:
2392:
2362:
2334:
2301:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1453:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1411:
1399:
1388:
1378:
1367:
1355:
1344:
1334:
1027:
968:
869:
865:
832:
746:
738:
675:
663:
623:
591:
545:
525:
498:
483:
479:
168:
5126:
5020:
933:
On 2 May 2016, Péladeau announced that he was retiring from politics to dedicate more time to his family.
666:, despite receiving fewer votes than the Quebec Liberal Party led by former federal deputy prime minister
5926:
5689:
5543:
5501:
5327:
4930:
1318:
1100:
521:
336:
320:
238:
3331:
5776:
5156:
4878:
807:. They disagreed with Marois's support for a bill changing the law to permit an agreement between the
687:
on the confidence vote from party membership on 4 June 2005, Landry announced his intention to resign.
510:
4938:
4012:"After 50 years, Parti Québécois pushed to political margins as Lisée loses Montreal seat and resigns"
1314:
972:
718:
5010:
1251:
764:
Former PQ leader Pauline Marois greets voters in Quebec City on the eve of the 2012 general election.
632:
5804:
5335:
494:, allowed it to become the official opposition even though Lévesque was still unable to win a seat.
5861:
5176:
5151:
5000:
2809:
2752:
2717:
1988:
1748:
1718:
1307:
1280:
1247:
1138:
1080:. It has traditionally had close ties to the Parti Québécois and shares its principal objective of
1015:
941:
912:
837:
610:, the question of Quebec's status remained unresolved and the Quebec sovereignty movement revived.
506:
489:
66:
5121:
3710:"Parti Quebecois Leader Pauline Marois' campaign goes from bad to catastrophic in Quebec election"
5873:
5146:
571:
538:
348:
5884:
5811:
3475:
1963:
1688:
927:
900:
853:
5624:
5600:
5590:
5585:
4325:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2194:
1040:
804:
627:
607:
534:
3507:
3268:
3123:
3081:
3039:
2871:
1287:
and minority populations. Its task was to be a platform for the PQ's protectionism of French.
777:
5832:
5762:
5035:
3414:
3361:
3234:
3200:
3102:
3060:
976:
5030:
4685:
M.D. and Erasmus, "Quebec's ban on face-coverings risks inflaming inter-communal tensions",
3144:
2859:
5181:
4944:
3793:
1950:
1673:
1093:
875:
872:. Marois lost her own seat, and announced her intention to resign as PQ leader that night.
603:
587:
456:
211:
196:
181:
4854:, t. 2 : Du temps des réformes au référendum de 1980, Québec, Septentrion, 2017.
4181:"PQ barred from Quebec legislature as Legault reiterates plan to abolish oath requirement"
8:
5769:
5640:
5254:
3270:
Social Democracy After the Cold War — Bryan Evans, Ingo Schmidt — Google Boeken
2429:
1837:
1548:
1069:
828:
800:
726:
659:
655:
564:
460:
427:
347:. The PQ has also promoted the possibility of maintaining a loose political and economic
283:
118:
5679:
4950:
3953:
Quebec election: PQ's Lisée defends rogue attack on Québec solidaire," by Marian Scott,
1925:
1645:
1206:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1146:
980:
956:
783:
In June 2011, the party was shaken when four of its most prominent MNAs — popular actor
754:
714:
709:
Progressives on the left wing of the PQ perceived a rightward move by the party towards
5856:
4378:
4103:
3678:"Parti Québécois leader Pauline Marois welcomes MNA Louise Beaudoin back into the fold"
3649:
3468:
2799:
2306:
2001:
1975:
1825:
1812:
1786:
1733:
1703:
1520:
993:
916:
904:
861:
452:
273:
206:
176:
84:
5575:
2593:
2049:
1945:
Pauline Marois lost her seat on 7 April 2014 and announced her resignation as leader.
1913:
1630:
1000:
760:
737:
The PQ was unable to maintain the momentum it briefly had under Boisclair, and in the
694:
88:
5825:
4847:, t. 1 : De la genèse du PQ au 15 novembre 1976, Québec, Septentrion, 2016.
4833:
4819:
4805:
4791:
4774:
3513:
3479:
3420:
3302:"Péquiste: definition of Péquiste in Oxford dictionary (British & World English)"
3274:
3240:
3206:
3179:
3150:
3129:
3108:
3087:
3066:
3045:
2977:
2935:
2877:
2804:
2134:
1513:
722:
599:
502:
5197:
4402:"Blurring the lines between Quebec's far right and political mainstream on Facebook"
1092:, a Quebec actor who helped found the PQ after having been a founding member of the
5720:
4705:
4405:
4295:"Parti Québécois wins by-election in Jean-Talon, Quebec - Montreal | Globalnews.ca"
3930:
3877:
3849:
3821:
3682:
2462:
1863:
1576:
1117:
1104:
857:
796:
792:
670:. Bouchard resigned in 2001, and was succeeded as PQ leader and Quebec Premier by
651:
619:
362:
324:
186:
5654:
5299:
5005:
4529:"Parti Quebecois Premier Pauline Marois tears a strip off Harper's foreign policy"
2014:
5818:
5322:
5281:
5268:
4349:
3173:
2525:
2182:
2170:
1875:
1589:
1077:
908:
816:
788:
643:
595:
431:
352:
344:
311:
303:
5314:
4729:"Conseil national — Le PQ ne profite pas de l'impopularité de Jean Charest"
721:
attracted the votes of right-wing and soft sovereigntists who eventually become
5580:
5309:
5304:
5286:
5273:
5207:
5131:
2626:
2560:
2122:
2110:
2085:
2061:
1937:
1888:
1799:
1660:
1602:
1395: – I'm choosing Quebec's party / I'm taking Quebec's side (double meaning)
1127:
1085:
1057:
850:
773:
769:
671:
647:
5512:
4073:"Parties reach agreement in principle to give PQ and QS official party status"
1883:
Lucien Bouchard did not have a seat from 27 January 1996 to 19 February 1996.
952:
674:, a former PQ Finance minister. Under Landry's leadership, the party lost the
5900:
5291:
4990:
4783:
2158:
1908:
André Boisclair did not have a seat from 15 November 2005 to 14 August 2006.
1849:
1561:
710:
570:
Despite its social-democratic past, the PQ failed to gain admission into the
401:
191:
4503:"France's president embraces traditional "ni, ni" stance on Quebec's future"
3645:"PQ left reeling after three top members of Quebec sovereigntist party quit"
1820:
René Lévesque did not have a seat from 29 October 1973 to 15 November 1976.
5790:
4766:
4031:
4027:"Quebec election: CAQ victory proves separatism is no longer a major issue"
3996:
2073:
1900:
1615:
1250:
by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the
1172:
1089:
878:
was chosen interim parliamentary leader by the PQ caucus on 10 April 2014.
784:
690:
667:
61:
3873:"After long campaign, fate of new PQ leader in the hands of party members"
3416:
Managing Terrorism and Insurgency: Regeneration, Recruitment and Attrition
3062:
Managing Terrorism and Insurgency: Regeneration, Recruitment and Attrition
509:, while it resulted in an acceleration of the migration of the province's
5613:
5212:
3440:
https://montrealgazette.com/news/echoing/6255813/story.html#ixzz1oMhu9Q2n
1807:
René Lévesque did not have a seat from 29 April 1970 to 29 October 1973.
1794:
René Lévesque sat as an Independent member until 29 April 1970 election.
1284:
1163:
1081:
808:
419:), a French word derived from the pronunciation of the party's initials.
5878:
3171:
618:
The PQ returned to power under the leadership of hardline sovereigntist
351:
between Quebec and Canada. The party traditionally has support from the
5850:
5202:
4155:"Paul St-Pierre Plamondon wins PQ leadership, pledges to rebuild party"
554:
4480:"Life on the Left: Behind those resignations from the Parti Québécois"
4241:"PQ leader Paul St-Pierre Plamondon breaks record for confidence vote"
3845:"Drainville drops out of PQ race after concluding the troops want PKP"
3125:
Language, Elites, and the State: Nationalism in Puerto Rico and Quebec
1154:
The party's distinctive logo was designed in 1968 by painter and poet
713:
under Bouchard, Landry and Boisclair. In 2006, a new left-wing party,
5783:
5070:
4269:"CAQ leads in Quebec voting intentions, PQ trails behind: Leger poll"
3202:
Uneasy Partnership: The Politics of Business and Government in Canada
2973:
2969:
2789:
1014:
The next leadership election occurred on 9 October 2020, with lawyer
4195:"Quebec adopts law making oath to King optional for elected members"
2906:"Where Quebec's parties stand on the issues that matter most to you"
5080:
4995:
4701:"PQ announces election slogan: 'Le Québec qui s'assume. Pour vrai'"
4629:"William Johnson: Hard truths for separatists | National Post"
3903:
3357:
2910:
1471: – More prosperous, stronger, more independent, more welcoming
1159:
1123:
1052:
On October 2, 2023, the PQ won its fourth seat with its win in the
962:
812:
407:
139:
5797:
5619:
5223:
4131:
4127:"'They've lost their way': PQ MNA Catherine Fournier quits party"
3083:
Direct Democracy in Canada: The History and Future of Referendums
559:. Lévesque was forced to resign as a result. In September 1985,
514:
423:
221:
4920:
3926:"Péladeau stuns political world, steps down for family reasons"
1021:
340:
332:
143:
45:
4099:"PQ may have no future, youth wing members say in open letter"
3541:"UPDATE 1-Former Quebec separatist leader Parizeau dies at 84"
3175:
Partisanship, globalization, and Canadian labour market policy
1958:
Interim leader between Marois' defeat and Péladeau's election
377:
4048:"PQ and QS to get official party status in National Assembly"
3992:"Canada: holdout of Quebec separatism faces end of the dream"
3198:
3041:
Federal Solutions to Ethnic Problems: Accommodating Diversity
2873:
How Political Parties Respond: Interest Aggregation Revisited
903:
announced his intentions to run for PQ's leadership, joining
574:, after the membership application was vetoed by the federal
524:. The PQ was the first government to recognize the rights of
4763:, Bibliothèque de l'Assemblée nationale du Québec, 244 pages
1469:
Plus prospère, plus fort, plus indépendant, plus accueillant
3736:"Pauline Marois resigns as PQ leader after crushing defeat"
368:
662:, including social programs. The PQ was re-elected in the
3970:"Québec solidaire: Rejet clair d'une alliance avec le PQ"
741:, the party fell to 36 seats and behind the conservative
473:
4656:"Drainville blames referendum, not charter, for PQ fall"
4427:"Archives de Radio-Canada: Fondation du Parti québécois"
3900:"Pierre Karl Peladeau elected leader of Parti Quebecois"
3451:"Quebec and the Constitution: A Timeline of Dead Ends",
3178:. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press. p. 56.
3142:
2845:"Les nouveaux partisans du Parti conservateur du Québec"
1004:
and percentage of the popular vote in order to qualify.
704:
486:, the decimation of the other parties, particularly the
4790:, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 434 pages
4321:"Mario Beaulieu's victory shows the Bloc's irrelevance"
3121:
1063:
3304:. Oxforddictionaries.com. 2 April 2014. Archived from
3006:"New leader, new tactics for Quebec's Parti Québécois"
1076:
founded in 1990 by former Progressive Conservative MP
548:, but in November 1984 it experienced the most severe
258:
4871:
4830:
Le Parti québécois : d'un nationalisme à l'autre
4773:, Trois-Pistoles: Éditions Trois-Pistoles, 288 pages
4757:
Lévesque, Michel and Pelletier, Martin (Sept. 2007).
3611:
1176:
392:
380:
374:
2965:
Inequality and the Fading of Redistributive Politics
697:, was elected 15 November 2005, through the party's
529:
However, the most prominent legacy of the PQ is the
447:
The PQ is the result of the 1968 merger between the
383:
365:
5665:
Mouvement national des Québécoises et des Québécois
4209:"PQ leader gets 98% approval in vote of confidence"
3817:"Pierre Karl Péladeau joins the PQ leadership race"
3354:"Boisclair gets emotional talking about homophobia"
1018:being elected as the tenth Parti Québécois leader.
693:had been chosen to replace him until a new leader,
371:
4832:, Montréal, Poètes de brousse, 2015, 160 p. (
4345:"Les députés bloquistes lancent un appel au calme"
3985:
3983:
3762:"PQ elects Stephane Bedard to interim leader post"
3558:
3467:
3384:"Results suggest rift between urban, rural voters"
4760:Le Parti québécois : bibliographie 1968–2007
4045:
3412:
3172:Rodney S. Haddow, Thomas Richard Klassen (2006).
3058:
1321:but also argued the ban is not extensive enough.
1034:
936:
613:
505:. This provided cause for celebration among many
5898:
4788:René Lévesque & the Parti Québécois in Power
4024:
3989:
3566:"Bernard Landry quits as Parti Québécois leader"
3079:
3037:
1983:Interim leader following Péladeau's resignation
963:Collapse and brief loss of official party status
513:population and related economic activity toward
5542:
4818:, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 368 pages
3980:
3143:Leslie Brokaw; Erin Trahan (23 February 2011).
5741:Rassemblement démocratique pour l'indépendance
4631:. Fullcomment.nationalpost.com. Archived from
3675:
3505:
1491: – A Quebec that accepts itself. For real
1162:of the Parti Québécois breaking the circle of
27:Sovereignist political party in Quebec, Canada
5528:
5239:
4900:
4605:. Canada.com. 21 October 2007. Archived from
1764:
1088:, the former Bloc leader, is also the son of
822:
606:, two packages of proposed amendments to the
478:The PQ faced its first electoral test in the
4879:Parti québécois' parliamentary group website
3465:
3267:Schmidt, Ingo; Evans, Bryan (19 July 2012).
3266:
3192:
2961:
1022:Fading out and loss of official party status
757:, pending a leadership race and convention.
541:. It was rejected by 60 per cent of voters.
487:
426:. The party has strong informal ties to the
295:
5867:Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada
5746:Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale
5716:Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec
5167:Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale
4981:Alliance pour la famille et les communautés
3637:
3593:"PQ fails miserably to rally sovereignists"
3499:
3232:
3205:. University of Toronto Press. p. 24.
3128:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 104.
2273:
1110:
537:seeking a mandate to begin negotiation for
465:Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale
124:Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale
5535:
5521:
5246:
5232:
4907:
4893:
4577:"Letter: Marois telling France what to do"
4453:"Voici le nouveau logo du Parti Québécois"
3786:
3459:
3406:
3122:Amílcar Antonio Barreto (1 January 1998).
3107:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 20.
3100:
586:The PQ led by Johnson was defeated by the
339:involving independence of the province of
44:
5957:Political parties of minorities in Canada
4500:
3226:
2876:. Routledge. 2 August 2004. p. 149.
3789:"CAQ holds the fort in Lévis byelection"
3787:Vendeville, Geoffrey (21 October 2014).
3199:Geoffrey Hale; Geoffrey E. Hale (2006).
2903:
2268:2020 Parti Québécois leadership election
2263:2016 Parti Québécois leadership election
2258:2015 Parti Québécois leadership election
2253:2007 Parti Québécois leadership election
2248:2005 Parti Québécois leadership election
2243:1985 Parti Québécois leadership election
1145:
1137:
895:2015 Parti Québécois leadership election
759:
463:. Following the creation of the PQ, the
406:
3870:
3842:
3814:
3509:In Search of Canadian Political Culture
3474:. James Lorimer & Company. p.
3413:Cameron I. Crouch (10 September 2009).
3146:Frommer's Montreal and Quebec City 2011
3059:Cameron I. Crouch (10 September 2009).
2231:
1374: – We must remain strong in Quebec
681:
14:
5947:Provincial political parties in Quebec
5899:
5660:Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté
4477:
4399:
4371:
4046:Presse Canadienne (22 November 2018).
3990:Martin Patriquin (30 September 2018).
3967:
3754:
3590:
2625:
2461:
2305:
1996:Lost his seat in the general election
1054:2023 Jean-Talon provincial by-election
888:
638:
474:Lévesque and the PQ's first government
5952:Political parties established in 1968
5516:
5227:
4888:
4579:. Montrealgazette.com. Archived from
4505:. Montrealgazette.com. Archived from
3617:
3584:
3003:
705:Splintering on the right and the left
310:
5912:Secessionist organizations in Canada
4603:"PQ leader defends citizenship plan"
4501:Dougherty, Kevin (15 October 2012).
4419:
3815:Authier, Philip (27 November 2014).
3394:from the original on 3 February 2006
3149:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 9.
2962:Banting, Keith; Myles, John (2013).
2825:Parti Québécois leadership elections
2238:Parti Québécois leadership elections
1222:
1186:
1064:Relationship with the Bloc Québécois
646:, a former member of Prime Minister
422:The party is an associate member of
5932:Social democratic parties in Canada
5596:Act Respecting the Future of Quebec
5492:Bloc Québécois leadership elections
4653:
4531:. Ottawacitizen.com. Archived from
4025:Martin Patriquin (2 October 2018).
3239:. Trafford Publishing. p. 37.
2815:Sovereigntist events and strategies
2810:List of political parties in Quebec
2027:
1449: – Quebec winning with Pauline
1150:Logo of the party from 2007 to 2021
1142:Logo of the party from 1985 to 2007
434:to more conservative rural voters.
24:
5253:
4858:Montreal Gazette, 15 October 2012.
4751:
4221:from the original on 19 March 2023
3620:"Quebec Separatist Leader Resigns"
1489:Le Québec qui s'assume. Pour vrai.
1406: – The other way of governing
1360:On a besoin d'un vrai gouvernement
449:Mouvement Souveraineté-Association
114:Mouvement Souveraineté-Association
25:
5973:
5685:Réseau de Résistance du Québécois
4863:
4400:Solyom, Catherine (5 June 2018).
4214:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
4161:. Canadian Press. 10 October 2020
3968:Bérubé, Stéphanie (21 May 2017).
3843:Authier, Philip (22 April 2015).
3618:Mason, Christopher (8 May 2007).
3591:Hébert, Chantal (27 March 2007).
3388:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
3080:J. Patrick Boyer (25 July 1996).
3004:Bergo, Havard (16 October 2016).
1439: – Let us rebuild our Quebec
1362: – We need a real government
1351: – I have a taste for Quebec
946:elected leader of Parti Québécois
5726:Partenaires pour la souveraineté
5711:Le front de libération populaire
5670:Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec
5647:Forum jeunesse du Bloc Québécois
5607:Reference Re Secession of Quebec
4919:
4372:Gagnon, Lysiane (18 June 2014).
2847:(in Canadian French). 3 May 2022
2820:Secessionist movements of Canada
2765:
2764:
2730:
2729:
2697:
2696:
2667:
2666:
2639:
2638:
2606:
2605:
2573:
2572:
2538:
2537:
2503:
2502:
2475:
2474:
2442:
2441:
2405:
2404:
2375:
2374:
2347:
2346:
2319:
2318:
1495:
1418: – I am confident / I trust
1306:Other electoral issues were the
1291:Quebec are citizens of Canada.)
1279:The PQ delivered a brief to the
1227:
1191:
544:The party was re-elected in the
361:
159:
158:
5942:Organizations based in Montreal
5208:Parti canadien / Parti patriote
5076:Parti accès propriété et équité
4802:René Lévesque, Héros malgré lui
4721:
4693:
4678:
4647:
4621:
4595:
4569:
4547:
4521:
4494:
4478:Fidler, Richard (7 June 2011).
4471:
4445:
4393:
4365:
4337:
4318:
4312:
4287:
4261:
4247:
4233:
4201:
4187:
4173:
4147:
4119:
4091:
4065:
4039:
4018:
4004:
3961:
3946:
3918:
3892:
3871:Authier, Philip (14 May 2015).
3864:
3836:
3808:
3780:
3728:
3702:
3676:Philip Authier (3 April 2012).
3669:
3533:
3444:
3433:
3376:
3346:
3320:
3294:
3260:
1182:
343:from Canada and establishing a
337:national sovereignty for Quebec
4374:"Will the Bloc Self-Destruct?"
3360:. 4 March 2007. Archived from
3273:. Athabasca University Press.
3165:
3029:
3023:
2997:
2955:
2918:
2904:CBC News (23–24 August 2018).
2897:
2837:
1035:Barred from Quebec legislature
937:Jean-François Lisée leadership
930:was elected permanent leader.
843:
732:
614:Return to power under Parizeau
581:
531:Charter of the French Language
13:
1:
5962:1968 establishments in Quebec
5706:Front de libération du Québec
5091:Quebecers United for Equality
3653:. 6 June 2011. Archived from
3466:Alvin Finkel (1 April 1997).
3101:Eric Braun (1 January 2003).
2932:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
2830:
1778:Years as parliamentary leader
795:, the wife of former premier
768:Former Bloc Québécois leader
743:Action démocratique du Québec
561:the party leadership election
5117:Parti du socialisme chrétien
4555:"globeandmail.com: National"
4429:. 8 May 2007. Archived from
3568:. 5 May 2005. Archived from
3470:Our Lives: Canada After 1945
3328:"Países y partidos miembros"
2795:Parti Québécois Crisis, 1984
1393:Je prends le parti du Québec
678:to Jean Charest's Liberals.
442:
306:for 'Quebec Party',
7:
5922:Quebec sovereignty movement
5690:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society
5544:Quebec sovereignty movement
5502:Quebec sovereignty movement
5112:Parti nationaliste chrétien
4916:Political parties in Quebec
2927:Britannica Book of the Year
2783:
1534:Nadia Brédimas-Assimopoulos
1447:Québec gagnant avec Pauline
1437:Reconstruisons notre Québec
1385: – Québec with Johnson
1372:Faut rester forts au Québec
1319:Quebec ban on face covering
1007:However, on 11 March 2019,
803:— quit the party to sit as
459:cabinet minister), and the
10:
5978:
5736:Parti socialiste du Québec
5731:Parti république du Québec
5157:Parti ouvrier-progressiste
4828:Bernier Arcand, Philippe,
3512:. UBC Press. p. 176.
3044:. Routledge. p. 210.
1765:Leaders in the legislature
1460: – The choice is ours
1429: – Let us stay strong
1404:L'autre façon de gouverner
1324:
892:
823:Marois minority government
787:, former cabinet minister
437:
5842:
5754:
5698:
5633:
5568:
5550:
5484:
5448:
5385:
5344:
5261:
5191:Pre-Confederation parties
5190:
5127:Action libérale nationale
5099:
5086:Parti pour l'indépendance
4969:
4929:
4561:. Toronto. Archived from
3419:. Routledge. p. 51.
3065:. Routledge. p. 19.
3038:Liam D. Anderson (2013).
1242:toward certain viewpoints
1200:This article needs to be
654:and later founder of the
507:French-speaking Quebecers
488:
329:political party in Quebec
296:
269:
256:
251:
236:
228:
217:
205:
167:
151:
129:
109:
98:11 October 1968
94:
80:
72:
60:
52:
43:
34:
5917:Pro-independence parties
5862:Republic of Lower Canada
5152:Parti national populaire
4852:Le gouvernement Lévesque
4850:Panneton, Jean-Charles,
4845:Le gouvernement Lévesque
4843:Panneton, Jean-Charles,
4482:. Lifeonleft.blogspot.ca
3086:. Dundurn. p. 133.
2753:Paul St-Pierre Plamondon
2274:General election results
2041:Years as party president
1749:Paul St-Pierre Plamondon
1308:Quebec Charter of Values
1281:reasonable accommodation
1111:Ties to far right groups
1028:2022 provincial election
1016:Paul St-Pierre Plamondon
969:2018 provincial election
866:2014 provincial election
838:Quebec Charter of Values
833:2012 provincial election
739:2007 provincial election
699:2005 leadership election
633:"money and ethnic votes"
499:1976 provincial election
480:1970 provincial election
67:Paul St-Pierre Plamondon
5937:Republicanism in Canada
5874:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day
5137:CCF / Social Democratic
4939:Coalition Avenir Québec
4814:Lévesque, René (1986).
3506:Nelson Wiseman (2007).
1317:, the PQ supported the
1315:Coalition Avenir Québec
1133:
1074:federal political party
973:Coalition Avenir Québec
881:In the 20 October 2014
719:Coalition Avenir Québec
572:Socialist International
539:sovereignty-association
349:sovereignty-association
207:Political position
5805:Le Journal de Montréal
5625:2012 Montreal shooting
5601:Quebec Contingency Act
5569:Events and legislation
5386:Parliamentary election
4800:Godin, Pierre (1997).
4457:Le Journal de Montréal
1383:Le Québec avec Johnson
1349:J'ai le goût du Québec
1151:
1143:
1041:Constitution Act, 1867
765:
628:1995 Quebec referendum
535:1980 Quebec referendum
312:[paʁtikebekwa]
5833:Why I Am a Separatist
5699:Defunct organizations
5198:Château Clique / Tory
5162:Ralliement créditiste
5122:Parti Unité Nationale
5056:L'union fait la force
3957:, 26 September, 2018.
1509:Years as party leader
1149:
1141:
977:official party status
899:On 27 November 2014,
763:
608:Canadian constitution
134:1200, avenue Papineau
5885:Vive le Québec libre
5812:Le Journal de Québec
5634:Active organizations
5345:Leadership elections
3794:The Montreal Gazette
3716:on 23 September 2015
3572:on 10 September 2005
3233:Cecil Young (2004).
3010:Global Risk Insights
2707:Official Opposition
2649:Official Opposition
2583:Official Opposition
2485:Official Opposition
2452:Official Opposition
2357:Official Opposition
2232:Leadership elections
2219:Dieudonné Ella Oyono
1964:Pierre Karl Péladeau
1775:Parliamentary leader
1689:Pierre Karl Péladeau
1094:New Democratic Party
928:Pierre Karl Péladeau
901:Pierre Karl Péladeau
854:Pierre Karl Péladeau
831:under Marois in the
727:Canadian federalists
682:Return to opposition
624:1994 Quebec election
604:Charlottetown Accord
588:Quebec Liberal Party
576:New Democratic Party
457:Quebec Liberal Party
218:Regional affiliation
197:Economic nationalism
182:Quebec sovereigntism
76:Catherine Gentilcore
5107:Action démocratique
4689:, October 20, 2017.
4660:montrealgazette.com
4433:on 12 February 2008
3390:. 24 January 2006.
2934:2013. p. 402.
2718:Jean-François Lisée
2678:Minority government
2549:Majority government
2514:Majority government
2430:Pierre-Marc Johnson
2418:Majority government
2386:Majority government
2195:Raymond Archambault
1989:Jean-François Lisée
1838:Pierre-Marc Johnson
1738:2018–2020 (interim)
1719:Jean-François Lisée
1549:Pierre-Marc Johnson
1248:improve the article
1060:being elected MNA.
948:on 7 October 2016.
942:Jean-François Lisée
919:, and Pierre Céré.
913:Jean-François Lisée
889:Péladeau leadership
829:minority government
801:Jean-Martin Aussant
747:Official Opposition
660:government spending
639:Bouchard government
565:Pierre-Marc Johnson
461:Ralliement national
335:. The PQ advocates
119:Ralliement national
5927:Quebec nationalism
5857:Quebec nationalism
5763:L'Action nationale
5100:Historical parties
5031:Équipe Autonomiste
5026:Démocratie directe
4804:, Éditions Boréal
4735:. 12 February 2005
4666:on 19 October 2016
4609:on 4 November 2012
4583:on 19 October 2012
4565:on 9 January 2009.
4559:The Globe and Mail
4535:on 30 January 2013
4509:on 18 October 2012
4379:The Globe and Mail
4197:. 9 December 2022.
4104:The Canadian Press
4079:. 22 November 2018
3650:The Canadian Press
3624:The New York Times
3334:on 23 October 2016
3104:Canada in Pictures
2800:Politics of Quebec
2293:% of popular vote
2098:Nadia Assimopoulos
1976:Sylvain Gaudreault
1813:Jacques-Yvan Morin
1704:Sylvain Gaudreault
1152:
1144:
1107:, than by the PQ.
1009:Catherine Fournier
994:The Globe and Mail
917:Alexandre Cloutier
905:Bernard Drainville
862:Philippe Couillard
766:
723:Quebec autonomists
567:as his successor.
526:Aboriginal peoples
274:Politics of Quebec
177:Quebec nationalism
5894:
5893:
5755:Culture and media
5510:
5509:
5332:
5319:
5296:
5278:
5221:
5220:
4931:National Assembly
4838:978-2-923338-85-9
4733:www.ledevoir.com/
4654:Authier, Philip.
4459:. 4 December 2021
4319:Don, Macpherson.
4217:. 12 March 2023.
4132:CTV News Montreal
3519:978-0-7748-1388-4
3485:978-1-55028-551-2
3426:978-1-135-23018-0
3280:978-1-926836-87-4
3246:978-1-4120-2235-4
3212:978-1-55111-504-7
3185:978-0-8020-9090-4
3156:978-0-470-96494-1
3135:978-0-275-96183-1
3114:978-0-8225-4679-5
3093:978-1-4597-1884-5
3072:978-1-135-23018-0
3051:978-0-415-78161-9
2983:978-0-7748-2601-3
2941:978-1-62513-103-4
2930:(2013 ed.).
2883:978-1-134-27668-4
2805:History of Quebec
2781:
2780:
2281:General election
2229:
2228:
2207:Gabrielle Lemieux
2025:
2024:
1762:
1761:
1678:2014–15 (interim)
1566:1987–88 (interim)
1481: – Seriously
1458:À nous de choisir
1269:
1268:
1221:
1220:
1175:into the letter "
1171:incorporated the
600:Meech Lake Accord
503:Premier of Quebec
408:[peˈkɪst]
325:social democratic
292:
291:
279:Political parties
239:National Assembly
16:(Redirected from
5969:
5721:Option nationale
5680:Québec solidaire
5560:List of subjects
5537:
5530:
5523:
5514:
5513:
5330:
5317:
5294:
5276:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5225:
5224:
5061:Marxist-Leninist
5046:Integrity Quebec
4951:Québec solidaire
4924:
4923:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4886:
4885:
4875:
4874:
4872:Official website
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4709:. 21 August 2022
4706:Montreal Gazette
4697:
4691:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4662:. Archived from
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4635:on 18 March 2014
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4406:Montreal Gazette
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4333:on 14 July 2014.
4329:. Archived from
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4183:. December 2022.
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4159:Montreal Gazette
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4077:Montreal Gazette
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4052:Montreal Gazette
4043:
4037:
4036:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3987:
3978:
3977:
3965:
3959:
3955:Montreal Gazette
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3931:Montreal Gazette
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3878:Montreal Gazette
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3850:Montreal Gazette
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3822:Montreal Gazette
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3712:. Archived from
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3686:. Archived from
3683:Montreal Gazette
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3473:
3463:
3457:
3453:Montreal Gazette
3448:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3364:on 29 March 2012
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3330:. Archived from
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3139:
3118:
3097:
3076:
3055:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2868:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2841:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2642:
2641:
2634:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2463:Jacques Parizeau
2445:
2444:
2437:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2278:
2277:
2035:
2034:
2028:Party presidents
1926:François Gendron
1864:Jacques Parizeau
1772:
1771:
1646:François Gendron
1577:Jacques Parizeau
1503:
1502:
1310:, and language.
1295:were Québécois.
1264:
1261:
1255:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1118:Montreal Gazette
1105:Option nationale
981:Québec solidaire
957:Québec Solidaire
926:On 15 May 2015,
858:Janette Bertrand
827:The party won a
797:Jacques Parizeau
793:Lisette Lapointe
755:François Gendron
715:Québec solidaire
620:Jacques Parizeau
493:
492:
432:organized labour
418:
417:
416:
410:
405:
396:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
314:
309:
301:
300:
265:
262:
260:
246:
187:Social democracy
162:
161:
155:
135:
105:
103:
48:
32:
31:
21:
5977:
5976:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5907:Parti Québécois
5897:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5838:
5819:La Maison-Bleue
5750:
5694:
5675:Parti Québécois
5629:
5591:1995 referendum
5586:1980 referendum
5576:Francœur Motion
5564:
5546:
5541:
5511:
5506:
5497:Parti Québécois
5480:
5476:44th Parliament
5471:42nd Parliament
5466:41st Parliament
5461:40th Parliament
5456:39th Parliament
5449:Shadow cabinets
5444:
5387:
5381:
5340:
5257:
5252:
5222:
5217:
5186:
5177:Union Nationale
5095:
4965:
4962:Independent (1)
4957:Parti Québécois
4925:
4918:
4913:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4754:
4752:Further reading
4749:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4712:
4710:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4652:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4612:
4610:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4586:
4584:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4538:
4536:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4512:
4510:
4499:
4495:
4485:
4483:
4476:
4472:
4462:
4460:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4436:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4398:
4394:
4384:
4382:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4354:
4350:Huffington Post
4343:
4342:
4338:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4164:
4162:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4135:. 11 March 2019
4125:
4124:
4120:
4110:
4108:
4107:. 11 March 2019
4097:
4096:
4092:
4082:
4080:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4054:
4044:
4040:
4023:
4019:
4010:
4009:
4005:
3988:
3981:
3966:
3962:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3841:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3768:. 10 April 2014
3760:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3690:on 5 April 2012
3674:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3657:on 21 July 2011
3643:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3464:
3460:
3455:, June 1, 2017.
3449:
3445:
3438:
3434:
3427:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3311:
3309:
3308:on 7 March 2014
3300:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3170:
3166:
3157:
3136:
3115:
3094:
3073:
3052:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2976:. p. 385.
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2870:
2869:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2786:
2761:
2758:
2726:
2723:
2693:
2690:
2663:
2660:
2635:
2632:
2602:
2599:
2594:André Boisclair
2569:
2566:
2534:
2531:
2526:Lucien Bouchard
2499:
2496:
2471:
2468:
2438:
2435:
2401:
2398:
2371:
2368:
2343:
2340:
2315:
2312:
2287:# of seats won
2276:
2234:
2183:Jonathan Valois
2171:Monique Richard
2050:Gilles Grégoire
2038:Party president
2030:
1951:Stéphane Bédard
1914:André Boisclair
1876:Lucien Bouchard
1767:
1674:Stéphane Bédard
1631:André Boisclair
1590:Lucien Bouchard
1498:
1327:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1245:
1232:
1228:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1136:
1113:
1078:Lucien Bouchard
1066:
1037:
1024:
1001:Léger Marketing
965:
939:
909:Martine Ouellet
897:
891:
876:Stéphane Bédard
846:
825:
817:Benoit Charette
789:Louise Beaudoin
735:
707:
695:André Boisclair
684:
644:Lucien Bouchard
641:
616:
596:Robert Bourassa
584:
550:internal crisis
490:Union Nationale
476:
445:
440:
412:
411:
400:
394:
364:
360:
353:labour movement
345:sovereign state
307:
298:Parti Québécois
288:
257:
247:
244:
201:
154:(March 9, 2022)
153:
146:
138:
136:
133:
122:
117:
101:
99:
89:Gilles Grégoire
87:
39:
38:
37:Parti Québécois
28:
23:
22:
18:Parti Quebecois
15:
12:
11:
5:
5975:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5859:
5854:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5777:Breaking Point
5773:
5766:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5641:Bloc Québécois
5637:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5581:October Crisis
5578:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5540:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5517:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5325:
5320:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5255:Bloc Québécois
5251:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5228:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5132:Bloc Populaire
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
5001:Canadian Party
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4942:
4935:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4912:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4876:
4865:
4864:External links
4862:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4826:
4812:
4798:
4784:Fraser, Graham
4781:
4764:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4720:
4692:
4677:
4646:
4620:
4594:
4568:
4546:
4520:
4493:
4470:
4444:
4418:
4392:
4364:
4353:. 16 June 2014
4336:
4311:
4286:
4275:. 14 June 2023
4260:
4246:
4232:
4200:
4186:
4172:
4146:
4118:
4090:
4064:
4038:
4017:
4003:
3979:
3960:
3945:
3917:
3891:
3863:
3835:
3807:
3779:
3753:
3742:. 7 April 2014
3727:
3701:
3668:
3636:
3610:
3583:
3557:
3532:
3518:
3498:
3484:
3458:
3443:
3432:
3425:
3405:
3375:
3345:
3319:
3293:
3279:
3259:
3245:
3225:
3211:
3191:
3184:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3155:
3140:
3134:
3119:
3113:
3098:
3092:
3077:
3071:
3056:
3050:
3028:
3022:
2996:
2982:
2954:
2940:
2917:
2896:
2882:
2858:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2672:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2627:Pauline Marois
2624:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2561:Bernard Landry
2558:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:Fabien Béchard
2143:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:Monique Simard
2131:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:Bernard Landry
2119:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:Pauline Marois
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:Sylvain Simard
2082:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:Camille Laurin
2058:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1938:Pauline Marois
1934:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:Bernard Landry
1885:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1800:Camille Laurin
1796:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1708:2016 (interim)
1706:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1661:Pauline Marois
1657:
1656:
1651:
1650:2007 (interim)
1648:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1620:2005 (interim)
1618:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1603:Bernard Landry
1599:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1538:1985 (interim)
1536:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1450:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1416:J'ai confiance
1408:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1342:
1326:
1323:
1303:appropriate."
1267:
1266:
1235:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1218:
1199:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1156:Roland Giguère
1135:
1132:
1128:Storm Alliance
1112:
1109:
1101:Mario Beaulieu
1099:In June 2014,
1086:Gilles Duceppe
1070:Bloc Québécois
1065:
1062:
1058:Pascal Paradis
1036:
1033:
1023:
1020:
964:
961:
951:Lisée charged
938:
935:
890:
887:
851:star candidate
845:
842:
824:
821:
809:City of Québec
774:Pauline Marois
770:Gilles Duceppe
734:
731:
706:
703:
683:
680:
672:Bernard Landry
656:Bloc Québécois
648:Brian Mulroney
640:
637:
615:
612:
583:
580:
475:
472:
444:
441:
439:
436:
428:Bloc Québécois
404:pronunciation:
290:
289:
287:
286:
281:
276:
270:
267:
266:
254:
253:
249:
248:
243:
241:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
219:
215:
214:
209:
203:
202:
200:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
173:
171:
165:
164:
156:
149:
148:
131:
127:
126:
111:
110:Merger of
107:
106:
96:
92:
91:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
64:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
41:
40:
36:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5974:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5843:Miscellaneous
5841:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5770:L'aut'journal
5767:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5655:Climat Québec
5653:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5545:
5538:
5533:
5531:
5526:
5524:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5384:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5249:
5244:
5242:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5006:Climat Québec
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Bloc Montreal
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4968:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4917:
4910:
4905:
4903:
4898:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4868:
4867:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4824:0-7710-5285-5
4821:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4810:2-89052-833-2
4807:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4796:0-7735-2310-3
4793:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4779:2-89583-076-2
4776:
4772:
4768:
4767:Dubuc, Pierre
4765:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4755:
4734:
4730:
4724:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4687:The Economist
4681:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4508:
4504:
4497:
4481:
4474:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4368:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4315:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4256:
4250:
4242:
4236:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4196:
4190:
4182:
4176:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4021:
4013:
4007:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3986:
3984:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3949:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3906:. 15 May 2015
3905:
3901:
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3811:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3783:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3672:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3502:
3487:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3447:
3441:
3436:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3282:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3263:
3248:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3229:
3214:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3195:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3168:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2985:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2958:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2900:
2885:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2763:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2728:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2695:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2604:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2571:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2536:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2473:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2373:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2307:René Lévesque
2303:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
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2222:
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2210:
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2204:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Marie Malavoy
2157:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Joël Arseneau
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:Pascal Bérubé
2000:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Guy Chevrette
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:René Lévesque
1824:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:René Lévesque
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1758:
1755:
1753:2020–present
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:Pascal Bérubé
1732:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1720:
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1600:
1596:
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1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:Guy Chevrette
1560:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:René Lévesque
1519:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1496:Party leaders
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
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1461:
1459:
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1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:Restons forts
1424:
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1413:
1409:
1407:
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1401:
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1296:
1292:
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1286:
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1277:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1236:This article
1234:
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1224:
1215:
1203:
1198:
1189:
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1174:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1115:In 2018, the
1108:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1061:
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1010:
1005:
1002:
997:
995:
988:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
960:
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2616:Third Party
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2223:2019–present
2074:Louise Harel
2031:
2019:2021–present
1901:Louise Harel
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1741:
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1681:
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1616:Louise Harel
1569:
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1506:Party leader
1499:
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1479:Sérieusement
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1090:Jean Duceppe
1067:
1051:
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805:independents
785:Pierre Curzi
782:
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751:
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708:
691:Louise Harel
689:
685:
668:Jean Charest
642:
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585:
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556:purs et durs
555:
543:
519:
496:
477:
469:
446:
421:
356:
321:sovereignist
316:
297:
293:
130:Headquarters
53:Abbreviation
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5614:Clarity Act
5213:Parti rouge
5051:Libertarian
4739:12 February
4713:9 September
4326:The Gazette
4299:Global News
3368:30 December
2290:Change +/-
1341: – Yes
1285:francophone
1164:colonialism
1082:sovereignty
953:Manon Massé
844:2014 defeat
778:acclamation
733:Third place
582:1985 defeat
327:provincial
212:Centre-left
152:Membership
5901:Categories
5851:Pur et dur
5388:candidates
5203:Parti bleu
4972:authorized
4881:(archived)
4670:18 October
4613:20 January
4587:19 October
4539:19 October
4513:19 October
4165:22 October
4083:6 December
4057:6 December
3884:20 October
3856:20 October
3828:20 October
3800:21 October
3720:26 January
3550:18 October
3338:18 October
3286:19 October
3236:One Canada
2831:References
2777:No status
2329:No status
1597:1996–2001
1260:March 2017
1240:unbalanced
1212:March 2017
1072:(BQ) is a
893:See also:
511:Anglophone
455:(a former
308:pronounced
224:(observer)
102:1968-10-11
5784:Le Devoir
5331:(Interim)
5318:(interim)
5295:(interim)
5277:(interim)
5172:Socialist
5011:Communist
4463:1 January
4304:3 October
4279:3 October
3974:La Presse
3599:. Toronto
3525:18 August
3491:18 August
3252:18 August
3218:18 August
3015:2 October
2989:2 October
2974:UBC Press
2970:Vancouver
2947:2 October
2889:18 August
2790:SPQ Libre
2211:2017–2019
2199:2011–2017
2151:1996–2000
2044:Comments
1880:1996–2001
1781:Comments
1594:1996–2001
1512:Years as
1313:Like the
1252:talk page
959:in 2017.
864:, in the
594:that saw
443:Formation
357:péquistes
284:Elections
137:Suite 150
73:President
5879:Étapisme
5336:Blanchet
5328:Beaulieu
5305:Beaulieu
5282:Gauthier
5269:Bouchard
5147:Equality
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4769:(2003).
4273:Montreal
4225:19 March
4219:Archived
4139:19 March
4111:19 March
3904:CTV News
3772:10 April
3766:CTV News
3740:CTV News
3597:The Star
3392:Archived
3358:CTV News
2911:CBC News
2851:9 August
2784:See also
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2661:54 / 125
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1584:1994–96
1528:1976–85
1160:allegory
1124:La Meute
967:For the
813:Quebecor
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169:Ideology
140:Montreal
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5798:Le Jour
5620:Bill 99
5555:History
5485:Related
5323:Ouellet
5310:Duceppe
5287:Duceppe
5274:Duceppe
5262:Leaders
4974:parties
4945:Liberal
4816:Memoirs
4639:9 April
4486:9 April
3746:8 April
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3545:Reuters
3312:9 April
2773:14.61%
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2296:Result
2284:Leader
2187:2009–11
2175:2005–09
2163:2000–05
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2127:1989–94
2115:1988–89
2102:1984–88
2090:1981–84
2078:1979–81
2066:1971–79
2054:1968–71
2006:2018–21
1993:2016–18
1968:2015–16
1955:2014–15
1942:2007–14
1918:2006–07
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1868:1989–96
1854:1987–89
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1817:1973–76
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438:History
424:COPPPAL
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4437:9 May
4411:8 May
3938:5 May
3629:9 May
3603:9 May
3576:9 May
1556:1985
883:Lévis
395:KEEST
5440:2021
5435:2019
5430:2015
5425:2011
5420:2008
5415:2006
5410:2004
5405:2000
5400:1997
5395:1993
5377:2019
5372:2017
5367:2014
5362:2011
5357:1997
5352:1996
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4359:2014
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4227:2023
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4113:2019
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3830:2015
3802:2014
3774:2014
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3722:2019
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3663:2011
3631:2007
3605:2007
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3130:ISBN
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1379:1985
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