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1015:(introduced in the legislature and still colloquially known as Bill 101), whose stated goal was to make French "the normal and everyday language of work, instruction, communication, commerce and business". In its first enactment, it reserved access to English-language public schools to children whose parents had attended English school in Quebec. All other children were required to attend French schools in order to encourage immigrants to integrate themselves into the majority francophone culture (Lévesque was more moderate on language than some of the PQ, including the language minister,
1161:, which angered the strongest supporters of sovereignty within the party. He said the issue in the upcoming election would not be sovereignty. Instead, he expressed hope, "that we can finally find government leaders in Ottawa who will discuss Québec's demands seriously and work with us for the greater good of Québecers". His new stance weakened his position within the party. Some senior members resigned; there were by-election defeats. Lévesque resigned as leader of the Parti Québécois on June 20, 1985, and as premier of Québec on October 3, 1985.
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to Lévesque, because they did not suspect that he was impaired. Lévesque was later fined $ 25 for failing to wear his glasses while driving a car on the night in question. The incident gained further notoriety when it was revealed that the female companion in the vehicle was not his wife, but his longtime secretary, Corinne Côté. Lévesque's marriage ended in divorce soon thereafter (the couple had already been estranged for some time), and in April 1979, he married Côté.
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1001:. His party assumed power with 41.1 per cent of the popular vote and 71 seats out of 110, and even managed to unseat Bourassa in his own riding. Lévesque became premier of Quebec ten days later. The night of Lévesque's acceptance speech included one of his most famous quotations: "I never thought that I could be so proud to be Québécois."
1019:. He would have resigned as leader rather than eliminate English-language public schools, as some party members proposed). Bill 101 also made it illegal for businesses to put up exterior commercial signs in a language other than French at a time when English dominated as a commercial and business language in Quebec.
1452:, literally, "Lil' Hair", but more accurately translated as "Baldy". Lévesque was a passionate and emotional public speaker. Those close to Lévesque have described him as having difficulty expressing his emotions in private, saying that he was more comfortable in front of a crowd of thousands than with one person.
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On
February 6, 1977, Lévesque accidentally killed Edgar Trottier, a homeless man who had been lying on the road, while driving his car. Trottier had in the past repeatedly used the maneuver to secure a hospital bed for the night. Police officers at the scene did not administer the breathalyzer test
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and protest and attempted instead to appeal to the broader electorate, whom Lévesque called "normal people". The main contention in the first party conference was the proposed policy toward Quebec's
Anglophone minority; Lévesque faced down heavy opposition to his insistence that English schools and
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is popular with tourists, who snuggle up to it, to have their pictures taken "avec René" (with René), despite repeated attempts by officials to keep people from touching the monument or getting too close to it. The statue had been the source of an improvised, comical and affectionately touching
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This practice is less often seen now, however, as the statue was moved to New
Carlisle and replaced by a similar, but bigger one. This change resulted from considerable controversy. Some believed that the life-sized statue was not appropriate for conveying his importance in the history of
907:. Believing that the Canadian federation was doomed to fail, Lévesque began to openly champion separation from Canada as part of the Liberal platform at the upcoming party conference. Kierans, who had been elected party president, led the movement against the motion, with future premier
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The PQ government's response to the recession of the early 1980s by cutting the provincial budget to reduce growing deficits that resulted from the recession angered labour union members, a core part of the constituency of the PQ and the sovereignty movement.
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banned corporate donations and limited individual contributions to political parties to $ 3,000. This key legislation was meant to prevent wealthy citizens and organizations from having a disproportionate influence on the electoral process. A
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plan. The result of the vote was 40 per cent in favour and 60 per cent opposed (with 86 per cent turnout). Lévesque conceded defeat in the referendum by announcing that, as he had understood the verdict, he had been told "until next time".
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While working for the public television network, he became personally involved in the broadcasters' strike that lasted 68 tumultuous days beginning in late 1958. Lévesque was arrested during a demonstration in 1959, along with union leader
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Lévesque was a man capable of great tact and charm, but who could also be abrupt and choleric when defending beliefs, ideals, or morals essential to him, or when lack of respect was perceived, for example, when he was famously snubbed by
1322:, a Canadian cartoon show. In it, his ghost attempted a camaraderie with Kevin because of their similarities in political beliefs, as well as the fact that the title character, like René's ghost, claims to smoke "five packs a day".
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His state funeral and funeral procession were reportedly attended by 100,000 Québécois. During the carrying out of his coffin from the church, the crowd spontaneously began to applaud and sing Quebec's unofficial national anthem
1181:. A brief resurgence of separatist sentiment followed. Over 100,000 viewed his body lying in state in Montreal and Quebec City, over 10,000 went to his funeral in the latter city, and hundreds wept daily at his grave for months.
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in Quebec City, but left the university in 1943 without having completed the degree. One of his classmates at Laval later recounted that Lévesque had been smoking in class, and refused to apologize to the professor,
869:, he served as minister of hydroelectric resources and public works from 1960 to 1961, and minister of natural resources from 1961 to 1965. While in office, he played a pivotal role in the nationalization of
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troops as they pushed back the German army through France and
Germany. Throughout the war, he made regular journalistic reports on the airwaves and in print. He was with the first unit of Americans to reach
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tribute to Lévesque. The fingers of his extended right hand are slightly parted, just enough so that tourists and the faithful could insert a cigarette, giving the statue an unusually realistic appearance.
970:, running on a platform of declaring independence if government was formed. The PQ only won six seats, and Lévesque continued to run the party from Montreal by communicating with the caucus in Quebec City.
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to seek, through a referendum, a mandate to negotiate the political independence of Quebec. Starting his career as a reporter, and radio and television host, he later became known for his eminent role in
1109:, the political party financing law, and the Parti Québécois itself. His government was the first in Canada to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in the province's
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737:, who refused to allow him back to class. Lévesque left, saying he really only wanted to write, not practise law. He worked as an announcer and news writer at the radio station
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While many Quebec intellectuals are inspired by French philosophy and high culture, Lévesque favoured the United States. Speaking fluent
English, he was a faithful reader of
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700:, by his parents, Diane (née Dionne) and Dominic Lévesque, a lawyer. He had three siblings, André, Fernand and Alice. His father died when Lévesque was 14 years old.
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saw a large
Liberal victory, and created major tensions within the party, especially after Lévesque was unable to gain a seat. A quarrel with House Leader
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1469:. While in London during the Second World War, his admiration for Britons grew when he witnessed their courage in the face of the German bombardments.
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attempting to mediate the dispute before siding with
Kierans. The resolution was handily defeated, and Lévesque walked out with his followers.
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are both located on René Lévesque
Boulevard, fittingly as Lévesque once worked for Hydro-Québec and the CBC, respectively. On June 22, 2010,
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spiritual father. After his death, even people in disagreement with some of those convictions now generally recognize his importance to the
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820:. The Murdochville strike was a milestone for organized labour in Quebec as it resulted in changes to the province's labour laws.
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Considered a major defender of the Québécois, Lévesque was, before the 1960s, more interested in international affairs than
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provincial premiers. To this day, no Quebec premier of any political side has endorsed the 1982 constitutional amendment.
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1224:), as is the custom when this song is adapted to celebrate someone's birthday. Two major boulevards now bear his name,
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In 1947, he married Louise L'Heureux, with whom he had two sons and a daughter. Lévesque worked as a reporter for the
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780:'s French language section in the international service. He again served as a war correspondent for the CBC in the
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Lévesque covered international events and major labour struggles between workers and corporations that dogged the
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2096:[René Lévesque was the best premier] (in Canadian French). Lcn.canoe.com. October 4, 2006. Archived from
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in 1952. After that, he was offered a career in journalism in the United States, but decided to stay in Canada.
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1039:. His first speech in France was, however, more successful, leading him to a better appreciation of the French
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1444:. The popular image of Lévesque was his ever-present cigarette and his small physical stature, as well as his
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647:; August 24, 1922 – November 1, 1987) was a Canadian politician and journalist who served as the 23rd
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parade of 1968, led to the sovereignty movement coming together. The MSA merged with another party in the
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963:(PQ) in 1968. At Lévesque's insistence, RIN members were permitted to join but not accepted as a group.
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1173:(Montreal) apartment on the evening of November 1, 1987, when he experienced chest pains; he died of a
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Lévesque was disappointed with the cold response by the
American economic elite to his first speech in
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every year. He also stated that, if there had to be one role model for him, it would be US President
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was dedicated to him. They also mention the street bearing his name in the song "La
Manifestation".
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1077:. Lévesque was criticized by some in Quebec who said he had been tricked by Canadian Prime Minister
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From 1956 to 1959, Lévesque became famous in Quebec for hosting a weekly television news program on
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era) or the individual. Lévesque is still regarded by many as a symbol of democracy and tolerance.
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as Prime Minister, and the politically damaging riot instigated by the RIN when he appeared at the
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On June 3, 1999, a monument in his honour was unveiled on boulevard René-Lévesque outside the
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The champions : a three-part series / Les champions : une série en trois parties
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From 1965 to 1966, he served as minister of family and welfare. Lévesque, with his friend
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Lévesque had argued that the party should not make sovereignty the object of the
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Lévesque interviews Lester Pearson, External Affairs Minister, in Moscow in 1955
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During 1944–1945, he served as a liaison officer and war correspondent for the
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1272:. Others noted that a trademark of Lévesque was his relatively small stature.
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in 1977. He also continued the work of the Lesage government in improving
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1437:(hailing from the Gaspé Peninsula), and had hints of the local accent.
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and the government of Quebec commemorated Lévesque's role in Quebec's
1157:" strategy of seeking an understanding with the federal government of
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was passed to allow for a province-wide vote on issues presented in a
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2267:, Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press; 2nd edition, 434 pages
2124:
Qui Joue Qui ? - La référence en séries et téléromans québécois
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On May 20, 1980, the PQ held, as promised before the elections, the
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culminating with a great strike in 1957 at the Gaspé Copper Mine in
24:
2068:"Deux centrales porteront les noms de Jean Lesage et René Lévesque"
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993:, with Lévesque finally re-entering the Assembly as the member for
923:(MSA). In contrast to more militant nationalist movements, such as
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2347:
1035:, in which he compared Quebec's march towards sovereignty to the
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Lévesque was notably portrayed in 1994 in the television series
1141:, giving a "yes" and "no" side equal funding and legal footing.
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1316:, was aired on the CBC. He was also portrayed in an episode of
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Lévesque, a constant smoker, was hosting a dinner party in his
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Stars and Stripes (Washington, D.C.), February 23, 1977, p.31.
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to fund both Quebec and federal mandates for social programs.
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During World War II with the U.S. Office of War Information
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Vacante, Jeffery. "The Posthumous Lives of René Lévesque,"
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The Parti Québécois gained 25 per cent of the vote in the
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and his tenure as premier by renaming the 1244-megawatt
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Lévesque's government completed the nationalization of
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almost ended Lévesque's leadership shortly thereafter.
2308:
Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes
1550:(1986) (although the title is literally translated as
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His government's signature achievement was the Quebec
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Lévesque and his party won a landslide victory at the
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Quebec's nationalization of hydro-electric companies
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2265:PQ: René Lévesque and the Parti Québécois in Power
2094:"René Lévesque a été le meilleur premier ministre"
1641:
1613:
1275:Lévesque today remains an important figure of the
1188:. He was posthumously made a grand officer of the
914:
2065:
716:Lévesque attended the Séminaire de Gaspé and the
3167:Canadian television reporters and correspondents
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2253:, McClelland & Stewart, April 15, 272 pages
2049:, pp.128–29. James Lorimer & Company, 2004,
1976:René Lévesque & the Parti Québécois in Power
1750:"William Tetley, Q.C., "Louis-Philippe Pigeon.""
1554:, the title of the English-language version was
1310:. In 2006, an additional television miniseries,
1184:Lévesque was made a grand officer of the French
1130:Act to govern the financing of political parties
984:
919:After leaving the Liberal Party, he founded the
688:Lévesque was born in the Hôtel Dieu Hospital in
1920:
1885:The Brandon Sun (Manitoba), July 15, 1977, p.3.
741:in New Carlisle, as a substitute announcer for
3152:Grand Officers of the National Order of Quebec
760:while it was under regular bombardment by the
268:October 14, 1968 – September 29, 1985
2796:
2522:
2193:, October 16, 1986. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
1896:"Library of Parliament Research Publications"
361:November 15, 1976 – December 2, 1985
1927:. IIGR, Queen's University. pp. 48–49.
1702:Rene Lévesque dies from massive heart attack
1431:at their first meeting. He was also a proud
1088:
1069:A major focus of his second mandate was the
177:November 25, 1976 – October 3, 1985
3177:Canadian military personnel of World War II
2145:"Télévision - Un René Lévesque fort inégal"
1667:
1665:
1394:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
929:Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale
836:
3172:Canadian expatriates in the United Kingdom
2803:
2789:
2529:
2515:
2292:Provencher, Jean and Ellis, David (1977).
2187:Lévesque book skirts many painful memories
877:, one of the reforms that was part of the
147:
3132:People from Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine
2021:. Vol. 4. Montréal: Boréal. p.
1951:Canada, the State of the Federation, 1985
1924:Canada, the State of the Federation, 1985
1658:– via Institut généalogique Drouin.
1630:– via Institut généalogique Drouin.
1515:, 1968, McClelland and Stewart, 128 pages
1414:Learn how and when to remove this message
1232:and one in Quebec City. In Montreal, the
831:
515:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3162:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation people
3157:Université Laval Faculté de droit alumni
2120:"René Lévesque - Oeuvre | Qui Joue Qui?"
1954:. IIGR, Queen's University. p. 49.
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1199:
841:In 1960, Lévesque entered politics as a
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707:
2208:Rene: a Canadian in search of a country
2169:
1824:
1329:named "Lettre à Lévesque" on the album
1291:. According to a study made in 2006 by
1164:
692:, on August 24, 1922. He was raised in
312:June 22, 1960 – April 29, 1970
3127:People from Campbellton, New Brunswick
3107:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
3084:
2536:
2294:René Lévesque: Portrait of a Québécois
2251:René Lévesque: Portrait of a Man Alone
1947:
1648:Ministry of Health and Social Services
1620:Ministry of Health and Social Services
1062:Lévesque led the PQ to victory in the
903:but Lévesque retained his own seat of
542:
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2510:
2014:
1677:"René Lévesque 1922-1987: Biographie"
1502:, 1977, Éditions Héritage, 105 pages
1022:
895:In a surprise, the Liberals lost the
629:
2210:, McClelland and Stewart, 223 pages
1978:, p.13. McGill-Queen's Press, 2001,
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1392:adding citations to reliable sources
1359:
939:The election of hardline federalist
651:from 1976 to 1985. He was the first
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2066:Presse canadienne (June 22, 2010).
1776:"Rene Levesque | premier of Quebec"
1287:. Many in Quebec regard him as the
1204:Lévesque sculpture in front of the
507:
16:Premier of Quebec from 1976 to 1985
13:
2318:"René Lévesque's Separatist Fight"
2289:(translated by Jonathan Kaplansky)
2200:
1853:"Zone Nouvelles - Radio-Canada.ca"
1338:He was the co-subject, along with
1289:father of the modern Quebec nation
1216:", replacing the first verse with
1004:
921:Mouvement Souveraineté-Association
745:during 1941 and 1942, and then at
14:
3188:
2328:
2279:René Lévesque: Charismatic Leader
2239:, Talonbooks, March 10, 72 pages
1825:Gazette, The (November 4, 2007).
1707:
1615:"Bulletin statistique de mariage"
1346:-directed documentary miniseries
728:. He studied for a law degree at
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2752:
2751:
2737:
2346:
2334:
1722:
1704:CBC.ca Retrieved August 12, 2016
1579:List of Quebec general elections
1518:"For an Independent Quebec", in
1364:
1111:Charte des droits de la personne
724:, both of which were run by the
511:
23:
2232:(translated by Sheila Fischman)
2180:
2163:
2137:
2112:
2086:
2059:
2039:
2008:
1998:, p.123. XYZ Publishing, 2004,
1988:
1968:
1941:
1914:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1845:
1584:Politician nicknaming in Quebec
915:Founding of the Parti Québécois
538:
503:
34:needs additional citations for
3147:Leaders of the Parti Québécois
2372:Arsène Gagné (Union Nationale)
2151:(in French). September 9, 2006
1818:
1793:
1768:
1742:
1695:
1634:
1606:
1481:Memorial plaque in Québec City
1355:
1144:
1107:Charter of the French Language
1012:Charter of the French Language
936:language rights be protected.
847:Legislative Assembly of Quebec
680:government from 1960 to 1966.
123:René Lévesque (disambiguation)
1:
1673:Assemblée nationale du Québec
1599:
1500:Quotations from René Lévesque
1105:. He also created the Quebec
985:Premier of Quebec (1976–1985)
873:companies, greatly expanding
718:Saint-Charles-Garnier College
703:
683:
664:and as an ardent defender of
2281:, XYZ Publishing, 176 pages
2018:René Lévesque, l'homme brisé
1898:. Parl.gc.ca. Archived from
1829:. Canada.com. Archived from
1489:, 1979, Methuen, 191 pages,
1461:, and took his vacations in
828:and 24 other demonstrators.
756:in Europe. He reported from
668:. He was the founder of the
7:
2757:Category:Premiers of Quebec
2363:National Assembly of Quebec
2277:Paulin, Marguerite (2004).
1562:
1548:Attendez que je me rappelle
1277:Quebec nationalist movement
949:Quebec sovereignty movement
300:National Assembly of Québec
10:
3193:
3112:Independent MNAs in Quebec
2237:The Death of René Lévesque
1974:Graham Fraser, Ivon Owen.
1574:List of premiers of Quebec
1250:Manic-3 generating station
1206:Quebec Parliament Building
931:(RIN), the party eschewed
690:Campbellton, New Brunswick
120:
3142:Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
3068:
2826:
2746:
2735:
2544:
2495:
2485:
2479:
2474:
2464:
2455:
2451:Robert Bourassa (Liberal)
2447:
2442:
2432:
2413:
2405:
2395:
2376:
2368:
2361:
2249:Fournier, Claude (1995).
2206:Desbarats, Peter (1976).
1729:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1467:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
1195:
1179:Montreal General Hospital
1153:and instead opt for the "
1089:Other policies and events
771:Dachau concentration camp
614:
604:
594:
586:
576:
568:
563:
553:
482:
459:
449:
428:
404:
399:
395:
385:
375:
365:
354:
338:
326:
316:
305:
296:
284:
272:
261:
253:
241:
229:
209:
191:
181:
170:
162:
158:
146:
132:
2475:Party political offices
2468:Pierre-Marc Johnson (PQ)
2399:André Marchand (Liberal)
2235:Fennario, David (2003).
2170:Britain, Donald (2008).
2045:Conway, John Frederick.
1921:Peter M. Leslie (1985).
1643:"Déclaration de mariage"
1472:
1190:National Order of Quebec
837:Libéral cabinet minister
764:, and advanced with the
450:Cause of death
3117:Journalists from Quebec
2594:Boucher de Boucherville
2559:Boucher de Boucherville
2263:Fraser, Graham (2002).
2220:Dupont, Pierre (1977).
1780:Encyclopædia Britannica
1056:sovereignty-association
865:. In the government of
845:and was elected to the
655:political leader since
2842:Jean-François Bertrand
2351:Quotations related to
2015:Godin, Pierre (2005).
1482:
1294:Le Journal de Montréal
1208:
1052:1980 Quebec referendum
941:Pierre Elliott Trudeau
832:Early political career
812:government of Premier
792:
713:
2957:Denise Leblanc-Bantey
2224:, Lorimer, 136 pages
2074:(in French). Montréal
1552:Wait While I Remember
1480:
1327:Les Cowboys Fringants
1203:
1075:Canadian constitution
945:St. Jean Baptiste Day
790:
735:Louis-Philippe Pigeon
711:
672:, and before that, a
631:[ʁəneleˈvɛːk]
587:Years of service
3122:Parti Québécois MNAs
2343:at Wikimedia Commons
2310:(2011) 45#2 pp 5–30
1994:Paulin, Marguerite.
1827:"Legacy of a legend"
1536:La passion du Québec
1513:An Option for Quebec
1448:that earned him the
1388:improve this section
1279:, and is considered
1259:in Quebec City. The
1234:Édifice Hydro-Québec
1165:Retirement and death
890:Government of Canada
694:New Carlisle, Quebec
640:Quebec pronunciation
279:Position established
121:For other uses, see
43:improve this article
2927:Pierre-Marc Johnson
2499:Pierre-Marc Johnson
2409:Guy Leduc (Liberal)
2100:on October 10, 2006
1857:ici.radio-canada.ca
1450:nickname of Ti-Poil
1429:François Mitterrand
1257:Parliament Building
1238:Maison Radio-Canada
1037:American Revolution
953:Ralliement National
291:Pierre-Marc Johnson
248:Pierre-Marc Johnson
192:Lieutenant Governor
3137:Premiers of Quebec
3022:Jocelyne Ouellette
3007:Jacques-Yvan Morin
2564:Joly de Lotbinière
2538:Premiers of Quebec
2443:Political offices
2436:Claude Filion (PQ)
1756:on August 19, 2014
1589:Politics of Quebec
1569:List of Gaspésiens
1483:
1458:The New York Times
1209:
1023:Quebec nationalism
793:
714:
666:Quebec sovereignty
581:United States Army
216:Jacques-Yvan Morin
3079:
3078:
3057:Rodrigue Tremblay
3047:Jean-Guy Rodrigue
3042:Jacques Rochefort
2902:Raynald Fréchette
2887:Denis de Belleval
2837:Marc-André Bédard
2821:(1976–1985)
2816:Premier of Quebec
2778:
2777:
2505:
2504:
2496:Succeeded by
2465:Succeeded by
2458:Premier of Quebec
2433:Succeeded by
2396:Succeeded by
2339:Media related to
1902:on April 28, 2009
1424:
1423:
1416:
1285:history of Quebec
1033:Premier of Quebec
814:Maurice Duplessis
649:premier of Quebec
618:
617:
224:Marc-André Bédard
204:Gilles Lamontagne
165:Premier of Quebec
119:
118:
111:
93:
3184:
3074:
3027:Jacques Parizeau
3017:Adrien Ouellette
2937:Francine Lalonde
2912:François Gendron
2857:Jacques Brassard
2805:
2798:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2767:
2755:
2754:
2741:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2480:Preceded by
2448:Preceded by
2406:Preceded by
2369:Preceded by
2359:
2358:
2350:
2338:
2314:, historiography
2222:How Levesque Won
2194:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2063:
2057:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2012:
2006:
1992:
1986:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1752:. Archived from
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1681:www.assnat.qc.ca
1669:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1650:. April 12, 1979
1645:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1617:
1610:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1368:
1360:
1246:Quiet Revolution
1186:Legion of Honour
1099:hydroelectricity
1083:English-Canadian
959:, to create the
925:Pierre Bourgault
879:Quiet Revolution
863:Montréal-Laurier
749:in Quebec City.
730:Université Laval
676:minister in the
646:
645:
644:
643:
641:
633:
627:
564:Military service
546:
544:
540:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
493:Louise L'Heureux
435:
432:November 1, 1987
414:
412:
400:Personal details
378:
368:
359:
343:Montréal-Laurier
329:
319:
310:
287:
275:
266:
244:
232:
200:Jean-Pierre Côté
175:
153:Lévesque in 1961
151:
141:
130:
129:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3066:
3037:Clément Richard
2967:Jacques Léonard
2877:Jacques Couture
2833:
2822:
2809:
2779:
2774:
2742:
2733:
2540:
2535:
2501:
2492:
2489:Parti Québécois
2483:
2470:
2461:
2453:
2438:
2423:
2411:
2401:
2386:
2374:
2331:
2203:
2201:Further reading
2198:
2197:
2185:
2181:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2013:
2009:
1993:
1989:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1948:Leslie (1985).
1946:
1942:
1935:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1833:on June 4, 2011
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1725:"René Lévesque"
1723:Foot, Richard.
1721:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1670:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1565:
1521:Foreign Affairs
1475:
1420:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1385:
1369:
1358:
1344:Donald Brittain
1299:Léger Marketing
1281:sovereigntism's
1252:in his honour.
1198:
1167:
1147:
1115:social services
1091:
1025:
1007:
1005:French language
987:
961:Parti Québécois
957:Gilles Grégoire
917:
909:Robert Bourassa
901:Union Nationale
839:
834:
810:Union Nationale
706:
698:Gaspé Peninsula
686:
670:Parti Québécois
639:
636:
635:
634:
623:
599:Liaison officer
549:
548:
536:
532:
529:
521:
501:
497:
494:
478:
467:Parti Québécois
460:Political party
437:
433:
416:
415:August 24, 1922
410:
408:
376:
366:
360:
355:
346:
327:
317:
311:
306:
298:
285:
273:
267:
262:
256:Parti Québécois
242:
236:Robert Bourassa
230:
222:
218:
202:
198:
196:Hugues Lapointe
176:
171:
154:
142:
137:
135:
126:
115:
104:
98:
95:
58:"René Lévesque"
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3062:Denis Vaugeois
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2997:Maurice Martel
2994:
2989:
2987:Pauline Marois
2984:
2979:
2977:Lucien Lessard
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2947:Camille Laurin
2944:
2942:Bernard Landry
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2862:Claude Charron
2859:
2854:
2852:Rodrigue Biron
2849:
2844:
2839:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2760:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:D. Johnson Jr.
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:D. Johnson Sr.
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2487:Leader of the
2484:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2431:
2418:, District of
2412:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2381:, District of
2375:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2330:
2329:External links
2327:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2304:
2296:, Paperjacks,
2290:
2275:
2261:
2247:
2233:
2218:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:Ottawa Citizen
2179:
2162:
2136:
2111:
2085:
2058:
2038:
2031:
2007:
1987:
1967:
1960:
1940:
1933:
1913:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1844:
1817:
1801:"CBC Archives"
1792:
1767:
1741:
1706:
1694:
1661:
1633:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
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1576:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1516:
1510:
1497:
1474:
1471:
1442:Quebec matters
1422:
1421:
1372:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1340:Pierre Trudeau
1332:La Grand-Messe
1197:
1194:
1177:that night at
1166:
1163:
1159:Brian Mulroney
1146:
1143:
1135:Referendum Act
1090:
1087:
1079:Pierre Trudeau
1045:French culture
1041:intelligentsia
1024:
1021:
1017:Camille Laurin
1006:
1003:
986:
983:
916:
913:
857:member in the
843:star candidate
838:
835:
833:
830:
705:
702:
685:
682:
616:
615:
612:
611:
606:
602:
601:
596:
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584:
583:
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577:Branch/service
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463:
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456:
451:
447:
446:
436:(aged 65)
430:
426:
425:
406:
402:
401:
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387:
383:
382:
379:
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340:
336:
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333:André Marchand
330:
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254:Leader of the
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220:Camille Laurin
213:
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22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3189:
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3133:
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3128:
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3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:René Lévesque
3090:
3089:
3087:
3073:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Louis O'Neill
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Pierre Marois
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:Alain Marcoux
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
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2940:
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2928:
2925:
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2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Guy Chevrette
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2830:René Lévesque
2825:
2820:
2819:René Lévesque
2817:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2771:
2770:
2769:Portal:Canada
2766:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:P.-M. Johnson
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
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2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2478:
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2459:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2353:René Lévesque
2349:
2345:
2342:
2341:René Lévesque
2337:
2333:
2332:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2302:0-7701-0020-1
2299:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:1-894852-13-3
2284:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:0-7735-2310-3
2270:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:0-7710-3216-1
2256:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2245:0-88922-480-3
2242:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2230:0-88862-130-2
2227:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2216:0-7710-2691-9
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2055:1-55028-814-8
2052:
2048:
2042:
2034:
2032:2-7646-0424-6
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2005:
2004:1-894852-13-3
2001:
1997:
1996:René Lévesque
1991:
1985:
1984:0-7735-2323-5
1981:
1977:
1971:
1963:
1961:9780889114425
1957:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1934:9780889114425
1930:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1901:
1897:
1891:
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1873:
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1730:
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1719:
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1713:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1682:
1678:
1675:(June 2016).
1674:
1668:
1666:
1649:
1646:(in French).
1644:
1637:
1622:. May 3, 1947
1621:
1618:(in French).
1616:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
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1530:Option Québec
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1524:, July 1976)
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1509:
1508:0-7773-3942-0
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1373:This section
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1350:
1349:The Champions
1345:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1319:Kevin Spencer
1315:
1314:
1313:René Lévesque
1309:
1308:
1307:René Lévesque
1302:
1300:
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1218:Mon cher René
1215:
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1193:
1191:
1187:
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1180:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
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1152:
1151:1985 election
1142:
1140:
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1131:
1126:
1122:
1120:
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1112:
1108:
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1100:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1064:1981 election
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:New York City
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
991:1976 election
982:
980:
976:
975:1973 election
971:
969:
968:1970 election
964:
962:
958:
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950:
946:
942:
937:
934:
933:direct action
930:
926:
922:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:1966 election
893:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
871:hydroelectric
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:Liberal Party
852:
851:1960 election
848:
844:
829:
827:
826:Jean Marchand
821:
819:
815:
811:
806:
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802:Point de Mire
798:
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663:
658:
657:Confederation
654:
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632:
626:
622:
621:René Lévesque
613:
610:
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572:United States
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422:New Brunswick
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381:Claude Filion
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358:
353:
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309:
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297:Member of the
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150:
145:
140:
134:René Lévesque
131:
128:
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113:
110:
102:
99:February 2024
91:
88:
84:
81:
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74:
70:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3032:Lise Payette
3002:Claude Morin
2962:Marcel Léger
2952:Denis Lazure
2922:Louise Harel
2917:Gérald Godin
2892:Yves Duhaime
2872:Michel Clair
2829:
2828:
2818:
2762:
2750:
2678:
2486:
2456:
2414:
2377:
2355:at Wikiquote
2322:CBC Archives
2321:
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2207:
2190:
2182:
2172:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2148:
2139:
2127:. Retrieved
2123:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:the original
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2071:
2061:
2047:Debts to Pay
2046:
2041:
2017:
2010:
1995:
1990:
1975:
1970:
1950:
1943:
1923:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1900:the original
1890:
1881:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1831:the original
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:
1795:
1783:. Retrieved
1779:
1770:
1760:September 4,
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1728:
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1685:. Retrieved
1680:
1652:. Retrieved
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1608:
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1529:
1519:
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1486:
1456:
1454:
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1432:
1425:
1410:
1401:
1386:Please help
1374:
1347:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1292:
1274:
1266:
1254:
1242:Hydro-Québec
1222:My dear René
1221:
1217:
1214:Gens du pays
1210:
1183:
1175:heart attack
1171:Nuns' Island
1168:
1148:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1110:
1106:
1103:Hydro-Québec
1096:
1092:
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1061:
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1026:
1011:
1008:
997:in downtown
988:
979:Robert Burns
972:
965:
938:
918:
894:
886:Eric Kierans
883:
875:Hydro-Québec
840:
822:
818:Murdochville
807:
800:
797:Radio-Canada
794:
775:
751:
715:
687:
620:
619:
609:World War II
605:Battles/wars
528:Corinne Côté
469:(after 1968)
454:Heart attack
434:(1987-11-01)
386:Constituency
377:Succeeded by
356:
339:Constituency
328:Succeeded by
322:Arsène Gagné
307:
286:Succeeded by
278:
263:
243:Succeeded by
186:Elizabeth II
172:
127:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3102:1987 deaths
3097:1922 births
2972:Henri Lemay
2882:Robert Dean
2847:Yves Bérubé
1683:(in French)
1463:New England
1356:Personality
1155:Beau risque
1145:Resignation
1128:Lévesque's
867:Jean Lesage
722:Quebec City
475:(1960–1967)
418:Campbellton
367:Preceded by
350:(1966–1970)
318:Preceded by
274:Preceded by
231:Preceded by
3086:Categories
3052:Guy Tardif
2907:Jean Garon
2897:Élie Fallu
2624:Taschereau
2493:1968–1985
2462:1976–1985
1906:January 5,
1837:January 5,
1805:www.cbc.ca
1687:August 16,
1600:References
1594:Separatism
1325:A song by
1139:referendum
1071:patriation
782:Korean War
704:Journalist
684:Early life
569:Allegiance
558:Journalist
554:Profession
510:;
411:1922-08-24
69:newspapers
2932:Guy Joron
2724:Couillard
2644:Duplessis
2634:Duplessis
2320:, in the
2149:Le Devoir
2072:La Presse
1654:March 27,
1626:March 27,
1487:My Québec
1446:comb over
1434:Gaspésien
1404:July 2021
1375:does not
1342:, of the
1192:in 2008.
1119:Duplessis
999:Longueuil
762:Luftwaffe
754:U.S. Army
696:, on the
653:Québécois
371:Guy Leduc
357:In office
345:(1960–66)
308:In office
264:In office
173:In office
163:23rd
2704:Bouchard
2699:Parizeau
2689:Bourassa
2679:Lévesque
2674:Bourassa
2669:Bertrand
2654:Barrette
2609:Marchand
2574:Mousseau
2569:Chapleau
2549:Chauveau
2324:Web site
2104:June 30,
2078:June 22,
1862:March 6,
1810:March 6,
1785:March 6,
1734:March 6,
1563:See also
1236:and the
1230:Montreal
1101:through
1081:and the
445:, Canada
439:Montreal
424:, Canada
2812:Cabinet
2729:Legault
2714:Charest
2639:Godbout
2629:Godbout
2599:Taillon
2589:Mercier
2584:Taillon
2420:Taillon
2383:Laurier
2155:May 17,
2129:May 17,
1556:Memoirs
1396:removed
1381:sources
1073:of the
1054:on its
1043:and of
995:Taillon
905:Laurier
899:to the
849:in the
799:called
726:Jesuits
674:Liberal
590:1944–45
547:
535:
531:
520:
500:
496:
483:Spouses
473:Liberal
390:Taillon
348:Laurier
182:Monarch
83:scholar
2719:Marois
2709:Landry
2659:Lesage
2614:Parent
2554:Ouimet
2312:online
2300:
2285:
2271:
2257:
2243:
2228:
2214:
2053:
2029:
2002:
1982:
1958:
1931:
1544:(1980)
1538:(1978)
1532:(1968)
1506:
1493:
1270:Quebec
1261:statue
1196:Legacy
951:, the
859:riding
766:Allied
758:London
678:Lesage
541:
514:
506:
443:Quebec
211:Deputy
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2649:Sauvé
2619:Gouin
2604:Flynn
1473:Works
853:as a
545:)
537:(
533:
518:)
502:(
498:
90:JSTOR
76:books
2579:Ross
2482:none
2429:1985
2425:1976
2392:1970
2388:1960
2298:ISBN
2283:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2255:ISBN
2241:ISBN
2226:ISBN
2212:ISBN
2157:2021
2131:2021
2106:2020
2080:2010
2051:ISBN
2027:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1980:ISBN
1956:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1908:2012
1864:2016
1839:2012
1812:2016
1787:2016
1762:2017
1736:2016
1689:2020
1656:2020
1628:2020
1504:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1379:any
1377:cite
1297:and
973:The
743:CHRC
739:CHNC
595:Rank
543:1979
516:1978
512:div.
508:1947
429:Died
405:Born
62:news
2814:of
2416:MNA
2379:MNA
2023:528
1542:Oui
1390:by
1228:in
1226:one
1031:as
955:of
927:'s
861:of
778:CBC
747:CBV
720:in
625:GOQ
139:GOQ
45:by
3088::
2189:.
2147:.
2122:.
2070:.
2025:.
1855:.
1803:.
1778:.
1727:.
1709:^
1679:.
1664:^
1558:.)
1352:.
1047:.
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805:.
773:.
539:m.
504:m.
441:,
420:,
2804:e
2797:t
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2530:e
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1964:.
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