420:(Brazilian Institute of Debates). At Parli Brasil, every speaker speaks for 7 minutes, with 15 seconds of tolerance after that. After the first minute and before the last minute, debaters from the opposite team may ask for Points of Information, which the speaker may accept or reject as they wish (although they are supposed to accept at least one). Another major difference between the Brazilian scene and the Worlds is that Brazilian tournaments use to present themes weeks before the tournament, with the motion only being presented 15 minutes before the debate, as usual BP. Some tournaments, such as GV Debate and Open de Natal are changing this, too. The presence of themes makes some differences in the strategy in comparison to the general parliamentary debate.
111:
281:) in 2001, California State Tournament (CHSSA) followed suit in 2003, and Pennsylvania State Tournament (PHSSL) in 2010. Yale, ASU, Whitman, as well as a number of invitational tournaments in Oregon and California, the largest of them held at Stanford, James Logan HS, SCU, UOP, Willamette, University of Oregon, Pepperdine and Claremont HS also offer parli. The Kansas City, Missouri area has conducted monthly high school tournaments since 2002. The Kansas City Greater Metropolitan Parliamentary Debate League offers two-round contests during the week with a championship tournament at the end of the school year.
316:
link" rounds allowing the affirmative to run a case of their choosing, dealing with virtually any topic. The second key feature of parli is a ban on quoted evidence. Debaters may not bring in any material that was not prepared in the 20 minutes of preparation time and consult it during the round. APDA, Worlds and high school parli debate styles tend to take a more lay-friendly approach to debate, ensuring that debates are easy to understand no matter the audience member's expertise of the resolution. NPDA is more diverse, with some teams engaging in a more academic and specific-knowledge style borrowed from
475:(Open Parliamentary Debate, OPD) is a German competitive debating format. It was developed by the debate club Streitkultur TĂĽbingen and was used for the first time in a tournament in 2001. It aims to combine the advantages of parliamentary debates and public audience debates: each of the two teams has three speakers, and in addition, the debate includes three independent "free speakers". Clubs using OPD exist in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.
207:(NPTE). NPDA Nationals (founded in 1994) is open to all and attracts about 200 teams each year. NPTE (founded in 2001) is qualification-only and invites the top 64 teams of the approximately 1000 teams that compete in NPDA/NPTE-sanctioned invitationals throughout the season. Phi Rho Pi Nationals for junior and community colleges have an NPDA-style division, as do Novice Nationals. The chief online forum for the NPDA circuit is
397:(POC) are questions asked to the speaker when giving a PMC or an LOC. The question aims to clarify the speaker's advocacy or interpretation of the resolution. Similar to Points of Order, Points of Clarification cannot be declined, and time is stopped while the discussion is taking place. POCs are more common at the high school level, most often at NPDL tournaments.
489:
World
Schools Style Debating combines the British Parliamentary and Australian formats, which results in a debate comprising eight speeches delivered by two three-member teams (the Proposition and the Opposition). Each speaker delivers an eight-minute speech – the first two are substantive matter and
238:
that sponsors three national tournaments annually using the 3-on-3 format of parliamentary debate Unlike other formats of parliamentary debate, Chamber Debate allows teams to use electronic devices via a 4th non-speaking member of each team who conducts fact-checking and other research for their team
327:
This style consists of a two-on-two debate, between the affirmative team, known as the
Government or the Proposition, and the negative team, referred to as the Opposition. Debater role names are borrowed from the British Parliament, with the judge being referred to as the Speaker. The round consists
269:
The current incarnation of such a championship is the
Tournament of Champions, hosted by the NPDL. It was started as a California championship, named "California Cup," but has been renamed the Tournament of Champions to represent the prestige of the high school tournament. The "NPDL Nationals," an
369:
Specific rules and speech times vary slightly between organizations. NPDA, APDA and OSAA use the 7-8-8-8-4-5 format, CHSSA and the ASU Invitational use the
Claremont 7-7-7-7-5-5 format, the SCU Invitational uses the 6-7-7-7-4-5 format, and Yale high school tournaments use the Osterweis 4-5-5-5-2-3
493:
Between the end of the first and the beginning of the last minute of an eight-minute speech, the opposing party may offer "points of information". Depending on the tournament rules, the speaker may refuse these, or may be mandated to take one (mandatory POI rule), but it is encouraged to take at
315:
The first key feature uniting various formats of parliamentary debate in the US is their spontaneity. The resolutions alternate each round. They are announced, then participants are given 20 minutes of preparation time known as "prep". APDA is somewhat of an exception in the respect, with "loose
412:
The
Brazilian Parliamentary Debate involves a "proposition team", that will support the motion, and an "opposition team", who will oppose the motion. Unlike the British Parliamentary debate, the Brazilian debate uses the term "proposition", instead of "government", since has a congressional
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style, as it allows the first two teams to maintain their relevance during the course of the debate, and the last two teams to introduce their arguments early in the debate. The first and last minute of each speech is considered "protected time", during which no POI may be offered.
262:(NFL), does not offer parliamentary debate at its national tournament. It does, however, recognize parli competitions offered at the state level, albeit at a reduced points value. In 2010 NFL Nationals added Supplemental Debate, which bears some similarity to parliamentary debate.
384:(POI) are questions or statements the opposing side can direct the speaker who has the floor. The speaker has an option to recognize or decline a POI. In most styles POIs cannot be made during the first and last minute of each speech (known as protected time) or during rebuttals.
490:
the third a rebuttal speech; then both teams deliver a "reply speech" lasting four minutes, with the last word being reserved for the
Proposition. In junior debates, these limits are changed to about 5 minutes, and in some local competitions, speeches are 7 minutes.
136:
and the
European Universities Debating Championship (at which the speakers are given only fifteen minutes' notice of the motion). Speeches are usually between five and seven minutes in duration. The debate consists of four teams of two speakers, sometimes called
413:
government rather than a . Thus, teams can either support or oppose the topic in session on the
Congress. Therefore, the speakers at the debate are called "First Member of Proposition", "First Member of Opposition", "Second Member of Proposition", and so on.
270:
annual online tournament held at the end of the year, is also hosted by NPDL. However, the rules for qualification differ between the two tournaments. Although
Nationals is open to all, TOC is limited to teams that exceed a certain yearly points threshold.
265:
A number of attempts to organize a high school parli championship tournament have been made – National
Parliamentary Caucus (2003–2005), NPDL Parli Grand Nationals (2006–2007) and IDEA Tournament of Champions (2005–2009, switched to world format in 2010).
390:
are made when the speaker is introducing a new argument during a rebuttal speech, or grossly mischaracterizing arguments. During a Point of Order, official time (usually kept by the judge) is to be stopped while the judge listens and considers the point
365::the first affirmative speaker summarizes the round with an overview and responds to any new arguments brought up in the MOC/LOC Opp block and provides reasons for why the judge should vote affirmative. New arguments in the PMR are not allowed.
179:
Depending on the country, there are variations in speaking time, speaking order, and the number of speakers. For example, in New Zealand, both the leader of the Opposition and the Prime Minister offer a short summary as the last two speakers.
435:
Debate Society was created and implemented some changes based on the old "Clube de Debates de Natal". The model "Parli Brazil" only started its activities in 2014 with the realization of the I Brazilian Championship of Debates in the city of
203:(NPDA), which was born in western US in 1991. NPDA circuit consists of a loose confederation of local leagues and a number of invitational tournaments. The NPDA season culminates with two national tournaments – NPDA Nationals and the
759:
359:: the first negative speaker begins with an overview of why the negative team should win and explicitly analyzes certain arguments that had been dropped by the affirmative team throughout the debate. New arguments are not allowed.
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231:(a.k.a. Worlds Debate, distinct from World Schools Style) is also beginning to spread to the US, with the US Universities Debating Championship held annually at rotating universities.
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217:(APDA), the oldest intercollegiate parliamentary debate league in the US, was founded in 1982. APDA currently has around 40 member universities, primarily on the east coast.
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because many club debates were created before the creation of "Parli Brazil" and not all modified their rules. This is the case, for example, of the UFC Debate Society in
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304:
578:
538:
347:: the second affirmative speaker upholds the affirmative case by pulling across information that was not addressed in the LOC and responds to the LOC arguments
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levels of education, such as schools, colleges or debate-clubs sponsor parliamentary debate teams. In the 1980s, global debating championships such as the
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353:: the second negative speaker upholds the negative case by pulling across information that was not addressed in the MGC and responds to the MGC arguments
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Topics can be supplied long in advance, or may be given 45 minutes or an hour before the debate begins. There is not much room for re-definition, and
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156:, while the speakers take their titles from those of their parliamentary equivalents (such as the opening Government speaker, called the
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Most variations of the style do not include a specialized cross-examination period, but allow debaters to make parliamentary points.
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168:
164:. They must therefore differentiate themselves from the other team on their side of the case in order to succeed in their own right.
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A similar format, with 7-minute speeches and Points-of-Information, is known as the Asian Parliamentary Format and is used by the
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221:
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160:). Furthermore, since this style is based on parliamentary debate, each faction is considered to be one of two parties in a
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834:"Home of the American Parliamentary Debate Association | American College Debate Association – Standings"
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416:
It is the most used competitive debating style used in Brazil; it is used at the official competitions of the
55:
The style was first formalised in 19th century England. Procedural commentaries by members of parliament like
1127:
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to NPDA, and, to a lesser extent, to some high school circuits, introduced a philosophical element to parli.
288:, including Stanford National Forensics Institute, ODI, CCPDI, and the POI Debate Institute at UC Berkeley.
110:
681:
484:
1266:"Home of the American Parliamentary Debate Association | American College Debate Association – Guide"
833:
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228:
127:
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371:
220:
A number of smaller intercollegiate debate leagues, such as the Lincoln Parliamentary League (LPL) and
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British Parliamentary debate is very widespread. It has also been adopted as the official style of the
452:") in 2014 and the UFRJ Debate Society ("Sociedade de Debates da UFRJ") on June 25, 2015, and others.
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is supported by a number of organizations in the United States at the tertiary and secondary levels.
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and related formats were established, which all use variants of the parliamentary style of debate.
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used in debating societies, academic debate events and competitive debate. It has its roots in
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307:, does not offer parliamentary debate at any of its tournaments or is it hosted at nationals.
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932:"National Forensic League, Speech & Debate Honor Society – New Supplemental Debate Event"
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least one or two points during his or her speech. No points of order or Privilege are used.
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8:
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91:
30:
This article is about the scholastic style of debate. For the debates of parliament, see
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87:, which then spread the style of parliamentary debate throughout Europe and the world.
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341:: the first negative speaker presents the negative case and answers the PMC arguments
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448:. Since then, they were also created UFSC Debate Society ("Sociedade de Debates da
60:
445:
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295:, also promotes parliamentary debate in a number of its tournaments nationwide.
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The most popular intercollegiate parliamentary debate style is supported by the
627:"An Early History of the NPDA | National Parliamentary Debate Association"
437:
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Parliamentary debate is offered through the High School Public Debate League (
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317:
278:
68:
320:. Resolutions typically focus on current events, though the entrance of the
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recorded not just the rulebook but the manner of parliamentary debate. This
403:(PPP) are made when the speaker makes offensive claims or personal attacks.
115:
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431:("Sociedade de Debates da UFC"), which was established in 2010. In 2013,
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161:
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808:"List of College Programs » Council of Forensic Organizations"
296:
292:
1150:"Parliamentary Debate : Stanford National Forensic Institute"
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format. PHSSL borrows its 8 speeches 6-6-6-6-6-6-3-3 format from
335:(PM): the first affirmative speaker presents the affirmative case
119:
685:
1237:
1057:"California High School Speech Association - Event Information"
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321:
300:
45:
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1215:
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171:(POIs) to their opponents. POIs are particularly important in
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and develops differently in different countries as a result.
1288:"NPDA Rules | National Parliamentary Debate Association"
785:
1569:
653:"Nationals | National Parliamentary Debate Association"
1251:
National Christian Forensics and Communications Association
449:
432:
183:
708:"History | National Parliamentary Debate Association"
676:
674:
579:
World Individual Debating and Public Speaking Championship
444:, and the third is scheduled to take place in the city of
810:. Collegeforensics.org. 17 September 2011. Archived from
291:
On the home school level, the home school debate league,
1450:
455:
417:
671:
251:) and the National Parliamentary Debate League (NPDL) (
1126:. Point of Information. 20 August 2010. Archived from
539:
Canadian University Society for Intercollegiate Debate
1312:. Point of Information. 14 April 2009. Archived from
986:. Point of Information. 21 March 2011. Archived from
505:
is attended by many countries, and uses this format.
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75:
was then expanded upon in the later commentaries of
1501:. Centro AcadĂŞmico Amaro Cavalcanti. Archived from
859:
258:The other public school high school debate league,
122:. The Deputy Leader of the Opposition is speaking.
1465:
1174:. Oregondebateinstitute.wordpress.com. 2 May 2011
277:) added parliamentary debate (known in Oregon as
1644:
1543:
610:"Rhetoric of Debate: A Parliamentary Innovation"
407:
629:. Parlidebate.org. 30 June 1999. Archived from
559:National Parliamentary Tournament of Excellence
299:also offers parliamentary debate at nationals (
205:National Parliamentary Tournament of Excellence
105:
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284:High school parli is taught at several summer
141:, with two teams on either side of the case.
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607:
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549:North American Public Speaking Championship
440:, making the second edition in the city of
351:Member of the Opposition Constructive (MOC)
345:Member of the Government Constructive (MGC)
339:Leader of the Opposition Constructive (LOC)
1382:"2012 Arizona State University Tournament"
144:Because of the style's origins in British
1072:
1070:
958:"Folder State and National Championships"
554:National Parliamentary Debate Association
534:American Parliamentary Debate Association
215:American Parliamentary Debate Association
201:National Parliamentary Debate Association
1255:
1014:The National Parliamentary Debate League
529:World Universities Debating Championship
303:). The other home school debate league,
184:Parliamentary Style in the United States
134:World Universities Debating Championship
109:
100:World Universities Debating Championship
1426:"Round Rules - NPDL TOC 2023 - Tabroom"
1384:. Joyoftournaments.com. 11 January 2011
736:. Npte.debateaddict.com. Archived from
684:. Npte.debateaddict.com. Archived from
357:Leader of the Opposition Rebuttal (LOR)
222:International Public Debate Association
14:
1645:
1583:from the original on 14 September 2016
1557:from the original on 14 September 2016
1366:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1108:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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960:. Point of Information. Archived from
916:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
478:
456:Parliamentary Open-Debating (German)
423:However, there is no unique model in
234:Chamber Debate is a modified form of
1635:from the original on 25 August 2014.
1613:from the original on 23 August 2013.
569:World Schools Debating Championships
544:North American Debating Championship
503:World Schools Debating Championships
253:https://www.parliamentarydebate.org/
242:
1461:from the original on 7 August 2016.
574:Heart of Europe Debating Tournament
565:International high school debating
510:United Asian Debating Championships
194:
167:All speakers are expected to offer
24:
734:"NPTE History 2001 to the Present"
525:International university debating
25:
1679:
710:. Parlidebate.org. Archived from
655:. Parlidebate.org. Archived from
90:Today, many organisations at the
1451:"Brazilian Institute of Debates"
608:Kari Palonen (27 October 2021).
63:or parliamentary clerks such as
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934:. Nflonline.org. Archived from
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788:. Novicenats.org. 14 March 2011
473:offene parlamentarische Debatte
418:Instituto Brasileiro de Debates
211:, started in 2002 by Jed Link.
148:, the two sides are called the
40:, colloquially oftentimes just
1527:. Parli Brasil. Archived from
800:
778:
762:. Phirhopi.org. Archived from
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1:
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408:Brazilian Parliamentary Style
363:Prime Minister Rebuttal (PMR)
328:of six speeches, as follows:
189:American parliamentary debate
1579:. SdDUFRJ. 20 October 2014.
760:"Parliamentary Debate Rules"
584:Debate#Australia-Asia debate
501:is strictly prohibited. The
485:World Schools Style Debating
401:Points of Personal Privilege
106:British Parliamentary debate
44:, is a formal framework for
27:Academic debate event format
7:
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249:http://highschooldebate.org
229:British Parliamentary Style
128:British Parliamentary Style
10:
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1663:Student debating societies
836:. Apda Web. Archived from
682:"NPTE Debating Excellence"
482:
372:World Schools Style debate
125:
38:Parliamentary style debate
29:
1553:. UFSC. 20 October 2014.
1499:"The UFRN Debate Society"
1404:"Yale Debate Association"
862:. parli.org. 1 March 2012
310:
273:Oregon State Tournament (
1475:. SdDUFC. Archived from
1473:"The UFC Debate Society"
260:National Forensic League
395:Points of Clarification
236:Australia-Asia debating
146:parliamentary procedure
50:parliamentary procedure
32:parliamentary procedure
1658:Youth model government
1603:"Regeln & Formate"
1196:. Claremontmckenna.edu
123:
1577:"UFRJ Debate Society"
1551:"UFSC Debate Society"
984:"California Cup 2011"
382:Points of Information
173:British Parliamentary
169:Points of Information
113:
714:on 27 September 2011
659:on 27 September 2011
633:on 27 September 2011
42:Parliamentary debate
18:Parliamentary debate
479:World Schools style
224:(IPDA) also exist.
1505:on 13 October 2016
1310:"OSAA Parli Rules"
1218:. poiinstitute.com
786:"Novice Nationals"
239:during the round.
124:
85:Thomas Erskine May
1479:on 13 August 2016
1316:on 7 October 2011
1290:. Parlidebate.org
1130:on 7 October 2011
990:on 7 October 2011
964:on 7 October 2011
898:on 4 January 2011
889:www.nflonline.org
840:on 3 January 2014
243:High school level
65:Henry Elsynge sr.
16:(Redirected from
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