626:(French for "the art of movement"). The firefighter performance caused both positive and negative attention. Some members of the group were concerned how the public would view their discipline since the performance did not demonstrate all aspects of it, such as their hard training and their values and ethics. Jean-François also sent pictures and video of the group to a French TV programme, and the popularity of parkour began to increase. A series of television programmes in various countries subsequently featured video footage of the group, and they began to get more requests for performances. During this time, conflicting interests arose within the group. Sébastien Foucan wanted to teach more rather than to train more, and David Belle had the ambition to become an actor. David and Sébastien chose to leave the group, and used the name "parkour" to describe their activity (see
715:, David Belle stressed that the most important aspect of parkour is not the physical movements, but rather the practitioner's mentality and understanding of its principles. "When young trainees come to see me and give me videos telling me to check out what they are doing, I just take the tape and throw it away. What I'm interested in is what the guy's got in his head, if he has self-confidence, if he masters the technique, if he has understood the principles of parkour. I just can't deal with guys who do Parkour because they saw videos on the Internet and thought it was kinda cool and want to do even better." Further, he states the importance of traceurs being aware of their abilities and limitations, and developing in their own way. "When a young person asks me, 'Can you show me how to do this?' I simply answer, ‘No, I am going to show you how
695:, "Competition pushes people to fight against others for the satisfaction of a crowd and/or the benefits of a few business people by changing its mindset. Parkour is unique and cannot be a competitive sport unless it ignores its altruistic core of self-development. If parkour becomes a sport, it will be hard to seriously teach and spread parkour as a non-competitive activity. And a new sport will be spread that may be called parkour, but that won't hold its philosophical essence anymore." Red Bull's sponsored athlete for parkour, Ryan Doyle, has said, "Sometimes people ask, 'Who is the best at parkour?' and it is because they don't understand what Parkour is; 'Who is the best?' is what you would say about a sport, and parkour is not a sport—it is an art, it's a discipline. That's like saying, 'What's the best song in the world?
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412:) session consisting of ten fundamental groups: walking, running, jumping, quadrupedal movement, climbing, balancing, throwing, lifting, self-defence, and swimming. These were intended to develop "the three main forces": energetic (willpower, courage, coolness, and firmness), moral (benevolence, assistance, honour, and honesty), and physical (muscles and breath). During World War I and World War II, teaching continued to expand, becoming the standard system of French military education and training. Inspired by Hébert, a Swiss architect developed a "
504:". He heard his father talk of the many repetitions he had done in order to find the best way of doing things. He learned that for his father, training was not a game but something vital which enabled him to survive and to protect the people he cared about. David realised that this was what he had been searching for, and so he began training in the same way. After a time, he found it far more important to him than schooling and he gave up his other commitments to focus all his time on his training.
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parkour is a training method for warriors. "So many people try to train easy—'Come do parkour! It's really cool!' But if tomorrow I made you do real training, you would end up crying. That's what you need to know: you are going to cry, you are going to bleed and you are going to sweat like never before." In his book, Belle also quotes his father
Raymond, "If two roads open up before you, always take the most difficult one. Because you know you can travel the easy one."
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manage a jump one time but it does not mean anything. It can be luck or chance. When you make a jump, you have to do it at least three times to be sure you can actually do it. It's an unavoidable rule. Do it the hard way and stop lying to yourself. When you come for training, you have to train. Even if it means doing the same jump fifty or a hundred times." To its founder, parkour is a method of self-refinement, used for learning to control and focus oneself.
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training, as it would hold back the whole group. If any member completed a challenge, everyone else had to do the same thing. During their training, no one was allowed to complain or be negative. Few excuses were allowed. For instance, if someone claimed that his shoes were too worn out in to make a jump, he had to do it anyway, even if it meant doing the jump barefoot. At the same time, everyone was required to have knowledge of their own limits.
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freedom" or "kind of expression"; that parkour is "only a state of mind" rather than a set of actions, and that it is about overcoming and adapting to mental and emotional obstacles as well as physical barriers. Traceur Dylan Baker says, "Parkour also influences one's thought processes by enhancing self-confidence and critical thinking skills that allow one to overcome everyday physical and mental obstacles". A study by
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497:. As he got older, he learned of his father's exploits and was increasingly curious about what had enabled his father to accomplish these feats. Through conversations with his father, he realised that what he really wanted was a means to develop skills that would be useful to him in life, rather than just training to kick a ball or perform moves in a padded, indoor environment.
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1298:, military forces around the world began looking for ways to incorporate elements from parkour into military training. A physical trainer with the Royal Marines trained with parkour practitioners with hopes of introducing some of their techniques to his own students. Colorado Parkour began a project to introduce elements from parkour into the U.S. military and one
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trust within the group. Every traceur was to encourage the others and show confidence through their behaviour. If a member violated the principles, the group could meet without the offending person to discuss various punishments. Anyone deemed unsuitable could be temporarily or even permanently banned from the group in order to uphold its disciplines and values.
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the world and interact with it, instead of being sheltered by it." Another traceur writes, "It is as much as a part of truly learning the physical art as well as being able to master the movements; it gives you the ability to overcome your fears and pains and reapply this to life, as you must be able to control your mind in order to master the art of parkour."
261:" to encompass all of his training including climbing, jumping, running, balancing, and the other methods he undertook in his personal athletic advancement. His son, David, further developed his father's methods and achieved success as a stuntman, and one day on a film set showed his 'Speed Air Man' video to
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Parkour is practiced without traditional equipment, though items such as bars, walls, and boxes found in the environment in which the parkour is being practiced in, are utilised to better navigate the area. Practitioners normally train wearing light, non-restrictive casual clothing. Traceurs who wear
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Belle is an influential proponent of discipline and control in parkour, saying, "Precision is all about being measured," and going on to describe parkour as an art that requires huge amounts of repetition and practice to master. "With parkour, I often say, 'Once is never'. In other words, someone can
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Parkour is not defined by a set of rules or guidelines, a feature which has proven particularly attractive to young people, allowing them to explore and engage in the activity on their own terms. It can be easily accepted by all cultures as a means of personal expression and recreation. For example,
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in April 2002. It featured David Belle leaping across London's rooftops from his office to home, in an attempt to catch his favourite BBC programme, and captured the imagination of many viewers, especially when they learned no special effects or wires were used. This advertisement, along with others
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Concerns have been raised by law enforcement and fire and rescue teams about the risks inherent in jumping off high buildings. They argue that practitioners are needlessly risking damage to both themselves and rooftops by practicing at height, with police forces calling for practitioners to stay off
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Parkour is not widely practiced in dedicated public facilities. Although efforts are being made to create places for it, many traceurs do not like the idea, as it is contradictory to parkour's values of adaptation, creativity, and freedom. Traceurs practice parkour in both rural and urban areas such
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that's my motto: 'There are no limits. There are plateaus, but you must not stay there, you must go beyond them. A man must constantly exceed his level.' If you're not better than you were the day before, then what are you doing—what's the point?" In an interview with the press, Belle explained that
813:, sometimes as a progression to bare feet, for better sensitivity and balance, while others prefer more cushioning for better absorption of impacts from large jumps. Barefoot training is done by some for movement competency without gear—David Belle noted that "bare feet are the best shoes." Various
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There are competitions that use parkour as the main influence for formatting and judging criteria. Sport
Parkour League's "North America Parkour Championships" hosts a series of local and regional qualifier events which culminate in a final event in Vancouver, B.C. Red Bull's Art of Motion event is
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Respecting one's health and physical well-being was one of the foundations of the group. If any member hurt himself during or after the execution of a movement, the movement was deemed a failure. A movement executed only once was not considered an achievement; only with repetition was the challenge
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A newer convention of parkour philosophy has been the idea of "human reclamation". Andy Tran of Urban
Evolution clarifies it as "a means of reclaiming what it means to be a human being. It teaches us to move using the natural methods that we should have learned from infancy. It teaches us to touch
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To join the group, new members had to be recommended by an existing member and then pass tests to evaluate their motivation for joining. Despite the huge emphasis on the collective, each traceur had to progress and develop independently—"to create the means to be yourself"—and there was a complete
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Humility was an important principle. No traceur was allowed to feel superior to someone else, for example, by executing a movement only to show off in front of someone who could not perform the movement. If any traceur in the group claimed that he had completed a difficult and dangerous challenge
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The group put themselves through challenges that forced them to find the physical and mental strength to succeed. Examples included training without food or water, or sleeping on the floor without a blanket to learn to endure the cold. For example, no one in the group was permitted to be late for
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Both parkour and freerunning encompass the ideas of overcoming obstacles and self-expression; in freerunning, the greater emphasis is on self-expression. Although the differences between the disciplines are often hard to discern, practitioners tend to aspire to parkour and describe themselves as
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group; rather, it takes a participatory approach focused on making the teaching more accessible. David Belle kept the term "parkour", saying the group contributed to the development of it, but that his father was the source of his motivation and had verbally communicated this method only to him.
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Because parkour philosophy is about learning to control oneself in interaction with the environment, many parkour experts consider serious injury evidence of the traceur's failure to follow the precepts of the discipline, specifically, knowing one's limitations. Daniel
Ilabaca, co-founder of the
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According to
Williams Belle, the philosophies and theories behind parkour are an integral aspect of the art, one that many non-practitioners have never been exposed to. Belle says he trains people because he wants it "to be alive" and "for people to use it". Châu Belle explains it is a "type of
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was acrobatic stuntman and entertainer known by the stage names of the Human Fly, the Flying
Phantom and the Brooklyn Tarzan whose acrobatic buildering and freestyle tree climbing bear striking resemblance to late 20th Century parkour. Those feats were featured in two 1942 Paramount Pictures
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Studies have found that in exercises such as the standing long jump, depth jump, and vertical jump, parkour athletes outperform physical educators, gymnasts, and power athletes. Parkour training is especially linked with the development of eccentric load resistance and jumping ability.
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promoted athletic skill based on the models of indigenous tribes he had met in Africa. He noted, "their bodies were splendid, flexible, nimble, skillful, enduring, and resistant but yet they had no other tutor in gymnastics but their lives in nature." His rescue efforts during the
229:" had already been given to the activity by 1989. The discipline was popularised in the 1990s and 2000s through films, documentaries, video games, and advertisements. Similar techniques were known from French military obstacle courses, and some authors see influence from
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World
Parkour and Freerunning Federation, said, "Thinking you're going to fail at something gives you a higher risk of doing just that. Committing to something you're thinking or knowing you will land gives you a higher chance of landing or completing the task." On
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in 2005. Both Jump films were shown in more than 80 countries, thereby introducing the discipline and its philosophy to an unprecedented global audience. Both films have been cited by numerous practitioners as their motivation for taking up the discipline.
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1344:" was used as an attempt to translate "parkour", in order to make it more appealing to the English-speaking audience. Foucan decided to keep using the term "freerunning" to describe his discipline, to distinguish it from David Belle's methods.
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as gyms, parks, playgrounds, offices, and abandoned structures. Concerns have been raised regarding trespassing, damage of property, and use of inappropriate places such as cemeteries. Many parkour organizations around the globe support the
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American traceur Mark
Toorock said injuries are rare "because participants rely not on what they can't control—wheels or the icy surfaces of snowboarding and skiing—but their own hands and feet." Lanier Johnson, executive director of the
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at the age of seven. He took it upon himself to train harder and longer than everyone else in order never to be a victim. At night, when everyone else was asleep, he would be outside running or climbing trees. He would use the military
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in secret, and also created courses of his own that tested his endurance, strength, and flexibility. Doing this enabled him not only to survive the hardships he experienced during his childhood, but also eventually to thrive. After the
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refers to a meeting of traceurs, involving training lasting anywhere from hours to several days, often with people from different cities. The first parkour jam was organised in July 2002 by Romain Drouet, with a dozen people including
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complete. Every movement had to be repeated at least ten times in a row without the traceur having to push his limits or sustaining any injury. If any mistake was made by any traceur in the group everyone had to start all over again.
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A study into the mechanics of the standing long jump showed that experienced traceurs use a lower take off angle than beginners (~25.6° vs ~34°). Wakai and
Linthorne had previously estimated the optimal angle to be close to 22.6°.
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gloves are rare—bare hands are considered better for grip and tactile feedback. Light running shoes with good grip and flexibility are encouraged because they allow for more natural and fluid movements. Practitioners often use
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Academic research on parkour has tended to describe how parkour provides a novel way of interacting with the urban environment that challenges the use and meaning of urban space, metropolitan life, and embodiment.
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While there is no official list of "moves" in parkour, the style in which practitioners move often sets them apart from others, and there are a number of named movements that are characteristic, for example:
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do it. Then, you'll have to learn with your own technique, your own way of moving, your style, your abilities and your limitations. You are going to learn to be yourself, not someone else along the way.’"
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spaces, though it can be done anywhere. It involves seeing one's environment in a new way, and envisioning the potential for navigating it by movement around, across, through, over and under its features.
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699:" This seems to be the consensus among many professional traceurs who view parkour as a lifestyle more than as a set of tricks, as has been popularised by YouTube and most media exposure.
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1181:, Michael Turner, Oleg Vorslav, Ben Jenkin, Daniel Arroyo, Pip Andersen and King David. The programme format was a two-part weekly competition in different Southern California locations.
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in 2008, promoting safety, respect for the spaces used and their other users, and sometimes includes picking up rubbish to leave areas in better condition than they were found.
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Although parkour itself grew out of military obstacle-course training, it has become a separate discipline. After the attention that parkour received following the 2006 film
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In 1997, David Belle's brother Jean-François invited the group to perform for the public in a firefighter show in Paris. For the performance, the group named themselves
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526:, Châu Belle Dinh, Williams Belle, Yann Hnautra, Laurent Piemontesi, Guylain N'Guba Boyeke, Malik Diouf, and Charles Perrière. The group began calling themselves the
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of parkour-related emergency department visits in the United States between 2009 and 2015, most injuries were reportedly caused by landing or from striking objects.
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142:) attempt to get from one point to another in the fastest and most efficient way possible, without assisting equipment and often while performing feats of
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4031:"A Comparison of the Habitual Landing Strategies from Differing Drop Heights of Parkour Practitioners (Traceurs) and Recreationally Trained Individuals"
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A campaign was started on 1 May 2007 by the
Parkour.NET portal to preserve parkour's philosophy against sports competition and rivalry. In the words of
522:, found other young men (including his cousins) who had similar desires, and they began to train together. The group eventually included David Belle,
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Yanran, Ding; Chuanzheng, Li; Park, Hae-Won (2020). "Kinodynamic Motion Planning for Multi-Legged Robot Jumping via Mixed-Integer Convex Program".
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that should not be attempted unaided, he had to prove his claims by doing the challenge again. Anyone who lied violated the principle of humility.
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changed the presence of parkour in the UK almost overnight and is widely credited for inspiring a new generation of traceurs. It was followed by
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reinforced his belief that athletic skill must be combined with courage and altruism. Hébert became a physical education tutor at the college of
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775:"Parkour roll": Rolling to absorb impacts from larger drops, moving diagonally over a shoulder to convert momentum from vertical to horizontal.
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Rawlinson, Christopher; Guaralda, Mirko (11 September 2012). "Chaos and creativity of play: designing emotional engagement in public spaces".
190:—whatever is suitable for a given situation. Parkour is an activity that can be practiced alone or with others, and is usually carried out in
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Cazenave, N. (2007). "La pratique du parkour chez les adolescents des banlieues: Entre recherche de sensation et renforcement narcissique".
416:"—military obstacle course—the first of the courses that are now standard in military training and which led to the development of civilian
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5287:"The adaptation to standing long jump distance in parkour is performed by the modulation of specific variables prior and during take-off"
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675:(Neuropsychiatry of Childhood and Adolescence) in France found traceurs seek more excitement and leadership situations than gymnasts do.
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The First International Postgraduate Conference on Engineering, Designing and Developing the Built Environment for Sustainable Wellbeing
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The creation of parkour show-reels and documentaries has been crucial to the spread of parkour, and is common in the parkour community.
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grounds, studies found parkour landing techniques result in lower landing forces in comparison with traditional sport techniques. In a
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published a short video featuring three young men from the Gaza Strip who were active members of the parkour community. In 2014, the
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619:, meaning strong in one's person, or "strong man, strong spirit". Sébastien Foucan also invented a name for what they were doing: "
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games are heavily inspired by parkour, consisting entirely of efficiently moving around buildings, rooftops, and other obstacles.
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4817:'The series itself practically revolves around parkour when it's not trying to shove myths and grave robbing down your throat.'
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787:"Climb up": Moving from a position hanging from a wall-top or ledge, to standing on the top or vaulting over to the other side.
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Rossheim, ME; Stephenson, CJ (October 2017). "Parkour injuries presenting to United States emergency departments, 2009–2015".
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featured Sébastien Foucan in a chase taking place early in the movie, sparking renewed media interest in parkour. Along with
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991:. Zahid Shah founded the Kashmir Freerunning and Parkour Federation, finding hope in the non-violent discipline of parkour.
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784:"Wall run": Running toward a high wall and then jumping and pushing off the wall with a foot to reach the top of the wall.
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Modern video games frequently include aspects of parkour as major game-play elements. Since the series' inception,
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271:" to a "k" because it was stronger and more dynamic, and to remove the silent "s" for the same reason, forming "
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Parkour has become a popular element in action sequences, with film directors hiring parkour practitioners as
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Kidder, J. L. (2012). "Parkour, the Affective Appropriation of Urban Space, and the Real/Virtual Dialectic".
781:"Arm jump": Jumping and landing feet-first on a vertical surface, catching the horizontal top with the hands.
4572:"Ben Hardy talks defying gravity in Michael Bay's latest action-packed thriller, '6 Underground' - Metro US"
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Ameel, L.; Tani, S. (2012). "Everyday aesthetics in action: Parkour Eyes and the beauty of concrete walls".
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3376:"Is there any equipment cost, membership fee, or exclusive conditions required for my child to do Parkour?"
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449:, his father died and he was separated from his mother, after which he was sent to a military orphanage in
4779:"Kick Ass Caity Lotz From MTV's Death Valley Talks About Zombies, Parcour and Twilight's Jackson Rathbone"
3978:"Ground Reaction Forces and Loading Rates Associated with Parkour and Traditional Drop Landing Techniques"
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McLean, C. R.; Houshian, S.; Pike, J. (2006). "Paediatric fractures sustained in Parkour (free running)".
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in 1954, he returned to France and remained in military education until the age of 19, when he joined the
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Chow, B. D. V. (2010). "Parkour and the critique of ideology: Turn-vaulting the fortresses of the city".
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A beginner takes a leap in Seattle's Freeway Park under the guidance of experienced practitioners (2012).
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learned parkour at Tempest Academy in preparation for his role as Oliver Queen in the television series
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Through conversations with his father, David learned about this way of training that his father called "
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Rawlinson, Christopher; Guaralda, Mirko (27 April 2011), "Play in the city: Parkour and architecture",
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According to Sebastien Foucan, the activity had already been given the name "le parcours" by the year
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is a long-time practitioner of parkour and often incorporates it into his wrestling style, with the
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It's a good start, an excellent free-roaming adventure with some of the best use of parkour yet.
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1398:– a philosophy and technique of rapid, serendipitous movement through mostly urban environments
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broadcast a segment about parkour on 16 September 2007, featuring Foucan and Stephane Vigroux.
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Original French biography sourced from 'Allo Dix-Huit', the magazine of the Parisian pompiers
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1703:"Parkour and the Built Environment: Spatial Practices and the Plasticity of School Buildings"
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the rooftops. Some practitioners of parkour agree that such behaviour should be discouraged.
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303:, which normally means "to trace", as in "tracing a path", in reference to drawing. The verb
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821:. Many other companies around the world have started offering clothing targeted at parkour.
778:"Precision jump": Jumping and landing accurately with the feet on small or narrow obstacles.
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1951:"flips: ... "However they are usually designated as a part of freerunning, not of Parkour."
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The philosophy of parkour has been compared to that of martial arts. In an interview with
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allows the character to use several freerunning techniques while not on the skateboard.
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newsreels coincident with the release of the feature film Tarzan's New York Adventure.
251:(obstacle course), the classic obstacle course method of military training proposed by
3951:"The Beachcomber : Parkour Legends: Daniel Ilabaca, Tim Shieff, and Oleg Vorslov"
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2846:"Students on campus are mastering parkour, an art of self-awareness and body control"
2618:
2185:
2133:
2125:
Geographies, Mobilities, and Rhythms over the Life-Course: Adventures in the Interval
2101:
1940:
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is a 2003 documentary explaining some of the background of parkour, culminating with
490:
210:, a discipline derived from parkour but emphasising artistry rather than efficiency.
183:
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5392:
5259:
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1825:
662:
445:, Raymond Belle was the son of a French physician and Vietnamese mother. During the
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Pacific Northwest Parkour Association. 20 September 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
3331:
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810:
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531:
343:
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The practice of similar techniques existed in French military obstacle courses and
294:
230:
199:
187:
155:
5363:"Swing leg retraction using virtual apex method for the ParkourBot climbing robot"
5243:
4030:
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2899:
2658:
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movements, these are not essential to the discipline. Rather, they are central to
7505:
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7002:
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include an emphasis on gripping and vaulting from ledges and protruding objects.
1040:
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455:
383:
In Western Europe, a forerunner of parkour was developed by French naval officer
347:
147:
130:
5339:
5112:
Later on in story mode, you'll even get the chance to learn some parkour skills!
5035:"Dying Light preview: Zombies are even more stomach-churning in virtual reality"
4679:
313:
was originally the name of a parkour group headed by David Belle which included
7364:
7337:
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7024:
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5829:
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5474:
5420:
2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
5367:
2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
5362:
5178:
4095:
3240:
2474:
1649:
1447:
1432:
1406:
1273:
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also makes heavy use of parkour movement (called freerunning in the game). The
1170:
1110:
1051:
864:
692:
299:
5374:
5204:
5082:
It's part super hero (think Hulk or Neo), part Jumping Flash and part parkour.
4693:
4315:
3559:
3507:
3217:
3060:
2524:"1942 Paramount Pictures Newsreel 2 – 1942 Paramount Pictures Newsreel 2"
2502:"1942 Paramount Pictures Newsreel 1 – 1942 Paramount Pictures Newsreel 1"
2378:
2054:
2021:
1809:
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the longest running and highest profile professional freerunning competition.
397:
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7327:
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6339:
6218:
6208:
6165:
6148:
6092:
5705:
5308:
5228:"Performance characteristics of Parkour practitioners: Who are the traceurs?"
4607:
2093:
1817:
1416:
1322:
Studies and experiments have integrated parkour kinaesthetics into robotics.
1195:
1165:
premiered as a one-hour special in October 2009 starring the athletes of the
1079:
834:
417:
6841:
2325:
1644:
1035:, another feature film involving advanced parkour chase sequences, starring
167:
46:
7447:
7342:
7222:
7158:
7037:
6992:
6599:
6587:
6548:
6533:
6344:
6269:
6257:
6107:
5910:
5347:
5251:
5145:"Freerunning goes to war as marines take tips from EZ, Livewire and Sticky"
4103:
4056:
4003:
3335:
3308:
3035:"'Jumped-up' plan to stage world competition sees free runners falling out"
2354:
1791:"Nice-looking obstacles: Parkour as urban practice of deterritorialization"
1390:
959:
151:
5729:
4902:... the game features 'a challenging parkour path of escape ...'
2816:
Belle, Châu; Belle, Williams; Hnautra, Yann and Daniels, Mark (director).
2222:
1669:"From 'Play to Display': Parkour as Media-Mimetics or Nature Reclamation?"
7282:
7277:
7014:
6907:
6806:
6592:
6526:
6349:
6329:
6291:
6279:
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5804:
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941:
818:
549:
494:
482:
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429:
388:
372:
361:
214:
207:
179:
99:
4510:
1594:
The Ultimate Parkour & Freerunning Book: Discover your possibilities
470:
6863:
6744:
6677:
6538:
6309:
6286:
6124:
5839:
5834:
3158:
2916:
Gilchrist, Paul; Wheaton, Belinda (30 July 2012). Hutchins/Rowe (ed.).
2080:
Atkinson, M. (2009). "Parkour, Anarcho-Environmentalism, and Poiesis".
1479:
1385:
1380:
1205:
1178:
1174:
1145:
1059:
1004:
929:
912:
630:
above). The seven remaining Yamakasi members continued to use the term
486:
191:
143:
3756:"American Parkour leaves Meridian Park when asked during national jam"
3082:
2177:
Breaking the Jump: The Secret Story of Parkour's High Flying Rebellion
537:, meaning strong in one's person, or "strong man, strong spirit" (see
7186:
7179:
7047:
7042:
6952:
6917:
6831:
6776:
6682:
6626:
6565:
6314:
4644:
4456:
4390:
4233:
4206:
2129:
1739:
In Out of Control: 8th International Conference on Design and Emotion
1591:
Gerling, Ilona E.; Pach, Alexander; Witfeld, Jan (15 November 2013).
925:
728:
563:
203:
5128:(Interview). Interviewed by Ricardo Torres. GameSpot. Archived from
4916:"Review: Mirror's Edge, the First-Person Parkour Game You Must Play"
3673:
2922:. Digital Media Sport: Technology and Power in the Network Society.
1395:
1134:
featured several parkour scenes choreographed and performed by team
796:
7262:
7112:
6848:
6811:
6769:
6759:
6077:
5778:
5428:
2917:
2823:
1855:
1737:
1421:
1281:
1078:
is credited with starting a new wave of Parkour-inspired stunts in
1020:
846:
814:
605:
554:
513:
352:
163:
85:
30:"Parcours" redirects here. For the term used in cycle racing, see
6878:
6764:
6714:
6570:
4423:
3473:
2791:
2026:
1140:
1135:
1125:
916:
442:
175:
159:
817:
manufacturers have developed shoes specifically for parkour and
6726:
6692:
5724:
4880:
Leave it to the French to bring us the first parkour video game
3529:
2915:
2610:
East Asian Cinemas: Exploring Transnational Connections on Film
2057:[Interview with David Belle (OSRAM 2006)] (Interview).
1009:
933:
839:
519:
450:
4969:"GDC Europe: Perfecting The SMART Parkour Traversal System In
1505:
842:
re-painting a wall and repairing shoe scuff marks from parkour
727:, David Belle acknowledges the influence, "There's a quote by
7475:
7322:
6794:
6672:
6504:
3148:
3146:
1150:
635:
493:
but became increasingly disaffected with both school and the
405:
7476:
Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes
4316:"Kashmir freerunning: Finding freedom in the art of parkour"
3609:"Gravestone vaulting teenagers condemned over YouTube stunt"
2437:(in French). INSEP – Musée de la Marine. Archived from
1860:, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia,
1742:. Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design, London.
1094:(2010), choreographed by David Belle. Several films besides
915:, parkour was first introduced to the British public by the
6046:
5285:
Grosprêtre, Sidney; Ufland, Pierre; Jecker, Daniel (2018).
3474:"10 Best Parkour Shoes (2020) – Freerunning Shoes Reviewed"
2409:"Georges Hebert and the Natural Method of Physical Culture"
1325:
936:, had a large-scale impact on public awareness of parkour.
279:
4029:
Standing, Regan J.; Maulder, Peter S. (24 November 2015).
3729:
3143:
4728:
4697:
4675:
3594:
2951:. Parkour North America. 7 September 2007. Archived from
2911:
2909:
1218:
has included increasingly numerous parkour elements. The
1191:
1158:
984:
651:
113:
5502:"How Boston Dynamics' Robot Videos Became Internet Gold"
911:
Initially featured in films of French director/producer
518:
David initially trained on his own, and after moving to
5322:
Wakai, Masaki; Linthorne, Nicholas P. (February 2005).
5291:
Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité
5126:"Tron Evolution Pre-E3 Hands-On Interview: Alex Peters"
4542:"The truth about those parkour scenes in 6 Underground"
3083:"Sport Parkour | Parkour Competitions | NAPC"
1309:
1280:
s basic movements and combat were based on parkour and
1194:
giving him the nickname "The Prince of Parkour". Actor
1088:(2007), again with stuntman/actor Cyril Raffaelli, and
5284:
5226:
Grosprêtre, Sidney; Lepers, Romuold (12 August 2015).
3584:
Gloucestershire – Rooftop-jumping youths arrested
3352:. americanparkour.com. 6 November 2005. Archived from
3248:(Doctoral dissertation), Central European University,
3242:
Knowing Obstacles: Urban Dialogues in Parkour Practice
2906:
2219:"English welcome – Parkour Worldwide Association"
7418:
Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
4383:
3976:
Puddle, Damien L.; Maulder, Peter S. (1 March 2013).
1939:. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 146.
1551:
1549:
7470:
International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
7423:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
5417:
3879:"Terrible Representation of Parkour and Freerunning"
3008:"Keeping parkour rivalry-free : JOIN IN !"
7482:
Union of International Mountain Leader Associations
4947:"Mirror's Edge puts grace of parkour at fingertips"
4755:"Stephen Amell Back In Training For Arrow Season 3"
4410:
4384:Bessaoud, Yuba; Delmar-Morgan, Alex (9 July 2006).
2724:
2722:
2720:
2707:
2705:
2692:
2690:
2688:
903:, said that many of the injuries are not reported.
138:discipline or sport in which practitioners (called
5471:"Watch Boston Dynamics' Humanoid Robot Do Parkour"
5324:"Optimum take-off angle in the standing long jump"
5203:. US Marine Corps. 23 January 2009. Archived from
4081:
3953:. Beachcombermb.com. 17 March 2013. Archived from
3286:
1590:
1546:
1362:is less about the hard discipline of the original
5550:
5548:
2888:Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence
2553:
1853:
1735:
673:Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence
7555:
5360:
5225:
5096:"Tony Hawk's American Wasteland – Xbox 360"
4419:"Fremantle Pacts to Bring Parkour to TV Screens"
2864:
2746:
2717:
2702:
2685:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1619:"Parkour – A Young Sport with Olympic Ambitions"
852:Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art
646:International parkour organizations include the
544:Some members of the group drew inspiration from
408:in France. Hébert set up a "méthode naturelle" (
5361:Nir, Omer; Gaathon, Adar; Degani, Amir (2017).
4603:"Aamir Khan learns French technique of Parkour"
4485:"Prince of Persia: Tackling Stunts and Parkour"
4379:
4377:
4343:
4341:
4271:International Review for the Sociology of Sport
4028:
3002:
3000:
2943:
2941:
2567:. Parkour.NET. 17 February 2006. Archived from
2463:
2461:
2459:
2355:(intransitive, informal) to leave, to get going
1621:. European Olympic Committees. 24 August 2016.
1330:In September 2003, Mike Christie's documentary
1237:introduced a parkour mechanic into a realistic
360:training technique, most famously practiced by
309:used familiarly means: "to hurry up". The term
5545:
5321:
4860:"Review: 'Assassin's Creed' Not Quite Perfect"
2775:
2773:
2543:
2541:
2296:
2294:
2292:
1340:, was released. In the documentary, the term "
1082:film and television. Parkour was prominent in
6062:
5745:
3975:
3943:
3816:
3814:
3381:. washingtonparkour.com. 2008. Archived from
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2326:"Portail lexical – Définition de tracer"
1983:
1673:FlowTV, vol 11, lokaliseret den 01-04-2011 på
1504:. 3run.co.uk. 6 December 2012. Archived from
1124:racing through a city for survival. The 2019
854:in 2012 prohibiting parkour (removed in 2018)
5640:
4374:
4338:
3439:
3032:
2997:
2938:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2606:
2456:
2435:"Georges Hébert – la methode naturalle"
2353:or to run (go) fast (to leave in a hurry) →
2210:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
650:, established in 2007, who have worked with
304:
266:
256:
246:
219:
5759:
5581:
5579:
3639:"Leave No Trace Campaign (practice policy)"
3597:. 31 January 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008.
3033:Bignell, Paul; Sharp, Rob (22 April 2007).
2770:
2538:
2427:
2289:
1098:are about thieves who use parkour, such as
7464:International Federation of Sport Climbing
6069:
6055:
5752:
5738:
5093:
4084:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
3811:
3272:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2873:Parkour Journeys – Training with Andi
2837:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2393:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1891:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1774:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1253:include a central parkour mechanic, while
1167:World Freerunning & Parkour Federation
1019:in 2001 featuring members of the original
636:§ Derivative terminologies and disciplines
436:
217:in the 1980s, and it was initially called
5668:Parkour: From the Origins to the Practise
5611:
5427:
5298:
4205:
4046:
3993:
3579:
3577:
3450:. Abu Dhabi Media Company. Archived from
3440:Money-Coutts, Sophia (23 February 2009).
3167:"Bruce Lee and the Philosophy of Parkour"
3010:. Parkour.NET. 1 May 2007. Archived from
2919:New Media Technologies in Lifestyle Sport
2804:
2467:
2406:
2121:
2108:
2055:"Entrevista com David Belle (OSRAM 2006)"
1905:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1662:
1660:
1586:
1584:
1582:
485:, was born in 1973. He experimented with
265:. Koundé suggested he change the "c" of "
5784:World Freerunning and Parkour Federation
5591:
5576:
4766:Bleeding Cool Comic Book, Movie, TV News
4449:
3903:
3506:. YouTube. 16 March 2007. Archived from
2885:
2363:(idiomatic, dated) Hurry up; make haste.
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2079:
1597:. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. p. 23.
1326:Derivative terminologies and disciplines
845:
833:
795:
748:
661:
648:World Freerunning and Parkour Federation
469:
371:
5032:
5001:
4857:
4600:
4540:Gates, Christopher (13 December 2019).
4347:
4283:
4262:
4190:"Urban Free Flow: A Poetics of Parkour"
3697:"New Zealand Parkour Vision and Values"
3663:
3606:
2870:
2583:
2306:
1998:. Parkour Generations. 22 August 2014.
1954:
1788:
1666:
1470:
1468:
987:covered youth parkour participation in
566:, The group also was influenced by the
14:
7556:
5666:Belle, David & Perriére, Charles.
5597:
5554:
5532:The Parkour & Freerunning Handbook
5123:
5094:Williamson, Steven (8 February 2006).
4944:
4892:P., Andrew (January 2008). "Review of
4722:
4637:
4416:
4268:
4035:Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
3982:Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
3969:
3906:"Running Through Life the Parkour Way"
3850:
3727:
3694:
3574:
3406:
3324:Journal of Dance and Somatic Practices
3280:
3238:
2822:(TV-Documentary) (in French). France:
1932:
1691:
1657:
1579:
877:
285:A practitioner of parkour is called a
6050:
5733:
5499:
5468:
5399:from the original on 12 February 2019
5155:from the original on 17 December 2013
5142:
4926:from the original on 24 December 2017
4913:
4619:from the original on 18 November 2011
4552:from the original on 14 December 2019
4539:
4431:from the original on 1 September 2009
4326:from the original on 18 November 2015
4250:from the original on 26 December 2007
4232:
4159:"Unmissable new campaign for BBC ONE"
3853:"Parkour growing by leaps and bounds"
3736:from the original on 14 February 2012
3407:Arnold, Tiffany (28 September 2009).
3255:from the original on 13 December 2013
2173:
2158:
2052:
2034:from the original on 14 December 2015
1371:traceurs rather than as freerunners.
477:is considered the founder of parkour.
129:
7524:
5512:from the original on 9 November 2018
5481:from the original on 12 October 2018
5266:from the original on 10 January 2022
5063:
4983:from the original on 8 December 2015
4966:
4836:from the original on 1 December 2007
4735:from the original on 5 November 2015
4686:
4652:from the original on 9 November 2020
4640:"'Aadhi' packs a punch with parkour"
4601:Lalwani, Vickey (18 November 2011).
4582:from the original on 10 January 2022
4521:from the original on 17 January 2016
4482:
4464:from the original on 20 January 2008
4214:from the original on 8 December 2015
4187:
4139:from the original on 7 November 2012
4124:
4063:from the original on 10 January 2022
4010:from the original on 10 January 2022
3784:
3709:from the original on 21 January 2016
3504:"David Belle – Parkour simples"
3484:from the original on 22 October 2019
3321:
2949:"Two Theories on Parkour Philosophy"
2926:from the original on 10 January 2022
2607:Hunt, Leon; Wing-Fai, Leung (2010).
2482:from the original on 11 October 2007
2375:"An Interview With Stephane Vigroux"
2082:Journal of Sport & Social Issues
2002:from the original on 8 December 2015
1679:from the original on 5 November 2019
1625:from the original on 26 October 2016
1567:from the original on 8 December 2015
1465:
1310:Scientific research and applications
1287:
1029:in 2004. Also in 2004, Besson wrote
953:demonstrating their parkour skills.
863:initiative, an urban version of the
760:A practitioner performing a wall run
233:and Asian martial arts in Parkour.
7579:Games and sports introduced in 1988
7536:
5102:from the original on 29 August 2012
5072:from the original on 4 January 2008
5004:"E3 – Dying Light Hands-On Preview"
4450:Kornblum, Janet (3 December 2007).
4273:. Sage Publications Inc. p. 5.
4169:from the original on 5 January 2016
3556:"American Parkour HotSpots Contest"
3057:"Ryan Doyle – Parkour Training Jam"
2843:
2516:
2494:
2332:from the original on 18 August 2011
2271:"The name Parkour, simple question"
2216:
1835:from the original on 27 August 2020
1351:members continued to use the term "
1091:Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time
538:
293:or simply a "Parkourist". They are
24:
5177:. Colorado Parkour. Archived from
4967:Nutt, Christian (15 August 2011).
4891:
4858:Pearson, Ryan (16 November 2007).
4805:"5 Best Parkour Games of All Time"
4348:Barrera, Sandra (2 January 2007).
4296:from the original on 14 March 2017
3409:"Parkour: All in a day's training"
3089:from the original on 7 August 2020
2247:. 23 February 2006. Archived from
1557:"BBC film's rooftop stunts 'real'"
1534:from the original on 31 March 2014
1003:. The first director to do so was
901:American Sports Medicine Institute
654:to produce parkour-related shows.
25:
7610:
7433:South African Climbing Federation
5697:
5232:European Journal of Sport Science
5143:Booth, Robert (12 January 2008).
5045:from the original on 2 April 2015
4945:Elfman, Doug (28 November 2008).
4914:Baker, Chris (11 November 2008).
4870:from the original on 4 March 2009
4704:from the original on 13 July 2016
4638:George, Vijay (25 January 2018).
4284:Sorcher, Sara (13 October 2010).
4127:"Jump First, Ask Questions Later"
3832:from the original on 12 June 2008
3350:"What Should I Wear for parkour?"
3173:from the original on 23 July 2011
3164:
3119:from the original on 26 June 2020
3059:. 28 October 2010. Archived from
2468:Wilkinson, Alec (16 April 2007).
2377:. 27 January 2009. Archived from
2359:(reflexive) to haste, to hurry up
1717:from the original on 2 April 2015
1424:– Chinese martial arts techniques
1049:in 2009 and remade in English as
598:
562:, and the training philosophy of
367:
198:Although a traceur may perform a
7535:
7523:
7512:
7511:
7499:
6405:IFSC World Championships winners
6031:
6030:
5622:10.1111/j.1540-6040.2012.01406.x
5524:
5493:
5462:
5411:
5354:
5315:
5278:
5219:
5201:"Parkour: Getting over the wall"
5193:
5167:
5136:
5117:
5087:
5057:
5033:Dingman, Hayden (1 March 2015).
5026:
5002:Mcaloon, Alissa (13 June 2014).
4995:
4960:
4938:
4907:
4885:
4851:
4822:
4797:
4771:
4747:
4723:Adkins, Greg (31 January 2011).
4716:
4664:
4631:
4594:
4564:
4533:
4503:
4476:
4452:"'Look, Ma, no hands' – or feet"
4443:
4417:Szalai, Georg (28 August 2009).
4308:
4277:
3912:from the original on 5 July 2015
3619:from the original on 8 June 2008
3607:Gammell, Caroline (6 May 2008).
3536:from the original on 13 May 2014
2875:(DVD). London: Catsnake Studios.
2631:from the original on 3 June 2020
2198:from the original on 2 July 2021
2146:from the original on 3 June 2020
2061:from the original on 8 July 2013
1874:from the original on 14 May 2013
1756:from the original on 14 May 2013
1707:Journal of Curriculum Theorizing
1157:Parkour is also featured on TV.
994:
641:
45:
5562:. Ulysses Press. pp. 8–9.
5500:Simon, Matt (30 October 2018).
5469:Simon, Matt (11 October 2018).
4226:
4181:
4151:
4118:
4075:
4022:
3924:
3904:Comenetz, Jacob (9 June 2005).
3897:
3871:
3844:
3778:
3748:
3721:
3695:Puddle, Damien (23 July 2014).
3688:
3657:
3631:
3600:
3548:
3522:
3496:
3466:
3433:
3400:
3368:
3342:
3315:
3232:
3206:
3194:
3185:
3131:
3101:
3075:
3049:
3026:
2967:
2879:
2785:
2758:
2734:
2673:
2643:
2600:
2367:
2351:(Populaire) Filer, se dépêcher.
2344:
2318:
2263:
2245:"PAWA statement on Freerunning"
2237:
2073:
2046:
2014:
1926:
1899:
1847:
1782:
1729:
1667:Ferrari, Matthew (7 May 2010).
289:, with the feminine form being
255:. Raymond Belle used the term "
7403:British Mountaineering Council
5789:Australian Parkour Association
5438:10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9341572
5124:Hedges, Darren (18 May 2010).
5066:"10 Reasons to Play Crackdown"
4753:Wickline, Dan (18 June 2014).
4386:"Focus: Look Mum, watch this!"
4125:Bane, Colin (8 January 2008).
3881:. 13 June 2008. Archived from
3728:Hansen, Jimmy (1 March 2011).
3664:Bafford, Tenedra (June 2013).
3216:. 16 July 2011. Archived from
1637:
1611:
1520:
1494:
1268:Tony Hawk's American Wasteland
829:
706:
686:
627:
423:
13:
1:
5244:10.1080/17461391.2015.1060263
5064:Shea, Cam (10 January 2007).
4830:"Assassin's Creed (Xbox 360)"
4781:. Daemon's TV. Archived from
3558:. 21 May 2008. Archived from
2900:10.1016/j.neurenf.2007.02.001
2174:Angel, Julie (16 June 2016).
1701:De Feitas, Elizabeth (2011).
1478:. David Belle. Archived from
1476:"Actor David Belle Biography"
657:
577:
297:derived from the French verb
51:An athlete performing parkour
27:Athletic training disciplines
7594:Sports originating in France
6076:
5369:. IEEE. pp. 3352–3358.
4900:. No. 224. p. 89.
4672:"Ultimate Parkour Challenge"
3785:Rawe, Julie (5 April 2008).
3301:10.1016/j.injury.2006.04.119
2844:Mai, Jeffy (14 April 2008).
2022:"Interview with David Belle"
1920:10.1016/j.emospa.2011.09.003
1458:
791:
548:, notably the acrobatics of
236:
32:Glossary of cycling § P
7:
5674:
5340:10.1016/j.humov.2004.12.001
3851:Branum, Don (2 June 2008).
3200:
3152:
3137:
2779:
2561:"Raymond Belle's biography"
2547:
2300:
1374:
1138:. Parkour also featured in
744:
739:
507:
346:. A similar discipline in
213:Parkour was established by
202:as well as other aesthetic
10:
7615:
6006:Ultimate Parkour Challenge
5665:
5646:
5585:
4096:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.04.040
2764:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2711:
2696:
2679:
2594:
2312:
2122:Stratford, Elaine (2014).
1977:
1908:Emotion, Space and Society
1163:Ultimate Parkour Challenge
967:The Australian version of
865:outdoor conservation ethic
850:A notice on a wall of the
763:
511:
337:
332:
29:
7495:
7456:
7393:Appalachian Mountain Club
7363:
7356:
7200:
7150:
7069:
7062:
6945:
6824:
6735:
6495:
6486:
6479:
6377:
6302:
6231:
6196:
6100:
6091:
6084:
6026:
5973:
5934:
5853:
5797:
5771:
5641:General and cited sources
5375:10.1109/IROS.2017.8206173
4898:Electronic Gaming Monthly
4350:"Parkour: Leaps of faith"
4188:Geyh, Paula (July 2006).
3239:Murray, Joseph B (2010),
2871:Kalteis, Andreas (2006).
1810:10.1007/s00146-010-0294-2
1650:Dictionary.com Unabridged
1528:"About the Tapp Brothers"
1043:, followed by the sequel
906:
146:. With roots in military
108:
92:
80:
72:
64:
56:
44:
7308:Mountain Safety Research
7303:Mountain Equipment Co-op
4725:"It's good to be "King""
4394:. London. Archived from
3936:27 February 2017 at the
3589:13 February 2008 at the
3442:"You might as well jump"
3041:. London. Archived from
2094:10.1177/0193723509332582
1933:Kidder, Jeffrey (2017).
1530:. LearnMoreParkour.com.
1208:is also a practitioner.
824:
420:and confidence courses.
402:Saint-Pierre, Martinique
7438:South Tyrol Alpine Club
7233:Eastern Mountain Sports
7099:Canadian Alpine Journal
7092:American Alpine Journal
6355:Roof and tunnel hacking
5715:considered for deletion
4760:9 February 2015 at the
3931:Parkour FAQ for Parents
3670:Vertical Floor Magazine
3214:"David Belle – Parkour"
1438:Tricking (martial arts)
1302:staff sergeant trained
867:created by the Seattle
461:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
437:Raymond and David Belle
7258:Holubar Mountaineering
7070:Magazines and journals
6400:IFSC World Cup winners
5996:Red Bull Art of Motion
5964:Mirror's Edge Catalyst
5883:District 13: Ultimatum
5422:. pp. 3998–4005.
5328:Human Movement Science
4483:Levy, Emanuel (2010).
4355:Los Angeles Daily News
4269:Thorpe, Holly (2013).
3336:10.1386/jdsp.2.2.143_1
1114:(2015). The 2011 film
1046:District 13: Ultimatum
1023:group, and its sequel
949:, Johann Vigroux, and
855:
843:
805:
766:Vault (urban movement)
761:
667:
560:Hong Kong action films
478:
467:, a French Army unit.
414:parcours du combattant
380:
329:and Stéphane Vigroux.
317:and Stéphane Vigroux.
305:
267:
257:
248:parcours du combattant
247:
220:
7383:Alpine Club of Canada
7293:Marmot Mountain Works
7248:GERRY Mountain Sports
5647:Angel, Julie (2011).
5530:Edwardes, Dan (2009)
4286:"Palestinian Parkour"
4236:(16 September 2007).
2053:Belle, David (2006).
1185:Professional wrestler
1101:Breaking and Entering
1085:Live Free or Die Hard
1013:in 1998, followed by
849:
837:
799:
759:
665:
572:Jean-Claude Van Damme
473:
375:
7413:Club Alpino Italiano
7398:Austrian Alpine Club
7388:American Alpine Club
5869:The Sons of the Wind
5600:City & Community
4832:. 28 November 2007.
4785:on 18 September 2011
4578:. 13 December 2019.
3766:on 27 September 2013
3645:on 29 September 2012
3228:– via YouTube.
3071:– via YouTube.
2852:on 25 September 2010
2797:14 July 2018 at the
2389:– via YouTube.
2277:on 27 September 2007
2251:on 27 September 2007
1936:Parkour and the City
1789:Brunner, C. (2010).
1360:l'art du déplacement
1353:l'art du déplacement
1347:The remaining seven
1239:first-person shooter
1071:The Bourne Ultimatum
632:l'art du déplacement
621:l'art du déplacement
358:Chinese martial arts
225:; however the name "
221:l'art du déplacement
188:quadrupedal movement
116:discussions underway
7408:Club Alpin Français
6782:Mountaineering boot
6395:Piolet d'Or winners
4682:on 7 December 2013.
4362:on 24 February 2007
4322:. 7 December 2014.
4132:The Washington Post
3826:Your Local Guardian
3613:The Daily Telegraph
3454:on 26 February 2009
3191:Cine parkour, p. 22
3169:. WorldWideJam.tv.
2819:Generation Yamakasi
2655:Parkour Generations
2571:on 17 February 2006
2030:. 20 January 2009.
919:TV channel trailer
878:Injuries and deaths
447:First Indochina War
154:, parkour includes
41:
7589:Outdoor recreation
7428:German Alpine Club
5986:Jump City: Seattle
5897:Choose Not to Fall
5300:10.1051/sm/2017022
4612:The Times of India
4290:The New York Times
3908:. Deutsche Welle.
3787:"Student Stuntmen"
3510:on 30 October 2021
3421:on 3 February 2014
3356:on 3 February 2009
3220:on 30 October 2021
3063:on 30 October 2021
3045:on 1 January 2008.
2765:Belle and Perriére
2753:Belle and Perriére
2741:Belle and Perriére
2729:Belle and Perriére
2712:Belle and Perriére
2697:Belle and Perriére
2381:on 30 October 2021
2217:Russell, Matthew.
1482:on 20 October 2014
980:The New York Times
856:
844:
806:
762:
668:
568:martial arts films
546:Asian martial arts
479:
465:Paris Fire Brigade
381:
39:
7599:Types of climbing
7574:Culture of France
7551:
7550:
7491:
7490:
7443:Swiss Alpine Club
7196:
7195:
7151:Non-fiction films
7127:Planinski Vestnik
7120:Himalayan Journal
7058:
7057:
6820:
6819:
6449:Historical events
6420:Eight-thousanders
6373:
6372:
6227:
6226:
6044:
6043:
5689:978-2-35756-025-3
5658:978-0-9569717-1-5
5569:978-1-56975-652-2
5556:Foucan, Sébastien
5447:978-1-7281-6212-6
5384:978-1-5386-2682-5
5181:on 28 August 2009
5014:on 20 August 2014
4807:. 26 October 2021
4398:on 29 August 2008
4165:. 11 April 2002.
4090:(10): 1503–1505.
3822:"Youths on Roofs"
3666:"Without a Trace"
3478:ParkourShoesGuide
2975:"Parkour History"
2651:"Parkour History"
2191:978-1-78131-554-5
1996:"Parkour History"
1604:978-1-78255-020-4
1563:. 19 April 2002.
1443:Urban exploration
1288:Military training
989:Jammu and Kashmir
804:vaults a railing.
757:
711:In his 2009 book
570:of Belgian actor
134:) is an athletic
120:
119:
81:Date of formation
73:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
7606:
7569:Acrobatic sports
7539:
7538:
7527:
7526:
7515:
7514:
7503:
7361:
7360:
7313:Outdoor Research
7067:
7066:
6493:
6492:
6484:
6483:
6454:Grade milestones
6263:Expedition style
6098:
6097:
6089:
6088:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6048:
6047:
6034:
6033:
5950:Assassin's Creed
5815:Jérôme Ben Aoues
5810:Sébastien Foucan
5754:
5747:
5740:
5731:
5730:
5718:
5693:
5671:
5662:
5634:
5633:
5615:
5595:
5589:
5583:
5574:
5573:
5552:
5543:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5431:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5302:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5207:on 14 April 2009
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5107:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5077:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5010:. Archived from
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4894:Assassin's Creed
4889:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4875:
4864:Fox News Channel
4855:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4812:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4775:
4769:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4678:. Archived from
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4487:. Archived from
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4381:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4358:. Archived from
4345:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4209:
4207:10.5204/mcj.2635
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4163:BBC Press Office
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4050:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
3997:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3957:on 7 August 2013
3947:
3941:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3855:. Archived from
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3828:. 2 April 2008.
3818:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3795:. Archived from
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3762:. Archived from
3760:American Parkour
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3730:"Parkour at UGA"
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3701:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3676:on 27 April 2016
3672:. Archived from
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3641:. Archived from
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3604:
3598:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3562:on 14 April 2009
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3530:"Know Obstacles"
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3480:. 11 June 2017.
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3417:. Archived from
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3247:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3004:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2981:. Archived from
2979:Urban discipline
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2848:. Archived from
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2813:
2802:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2715:
2709:
2700:
2694:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2657:. Archived from
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2465:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2415:on 23 March 2005
2411:. Archived from
2404:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2371:
2365:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2303:, pp. 31–70
2298:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2273:. Archived from
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2221:. Archived from
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2171:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1952:
1950:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1798:AI & Society
1795:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1588:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1472:
1357:
1338:Sébastien Foucan
1279:
1244:Prince of Persia
1221:Assassin's Creed
1026:Les fils du vent
1001:stunt performers
951:Jérôme Ben Aoues
947:Sébastien Foucan
811:minimalist shoes
758:
698:
625:
558:displays in his
539:§ Name and split
524:Sébastien Foucan
456:obstacle courses
441:Born in 1939 in
344:Hong Kong cinema
327:Sébastien Foucan
315:Sébastien Foucan
308:
270:
260:
250:
231:Hong Kong cinema
223:
133:
131:[paʁkuʁ]
128:
88:region of France
68:Obstacle passing
49:
42:
38:
21:
7614:
7613:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7604:
7603:
7554:
7553:
7552:
7547:
7487:
7452:
7352:
7218:Cascade Designs
7192:
7146:
7054:
6941:
6816:
6750:Abalakov thread
6731:
6475:
6369:
6298:
6223:
6192:
6176:Deep-water solo
6080:
6075:
6045:
6040:
6022:
5991:Obstacle racing
5969:
5930:
5849:
5825:Cyril Raffaelli
5793:
5767:
5758:
5703:
5700:
5690:
5659:
5651:. Julie Angel.
5643:
5638:
5637:
5596:
5592:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5553:
5546:
5529:
5525:
5515:
5513:
5498:
5494:
5484:
5482:
5467:
5463:
5448:
5416:
5412:
5402:
5400:
5385:
5359:
5355:
5320:
5316:
5283:
5279:
5269:
5267:
5224:
5220:
5210:
5208:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5184:
5182:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5158:
5156:
5141:
5137:
5132:on 18 May 2013.
5122:
5118:
5105:
5103:
5092:
5088:
5075:
5073:
5062:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5031:
5027:
5017:
5015:
5000:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4965:
4961:
4951:
4949:
4943:
4939:
4929:
4927:
4912:
4908:
4890:
4886:
4873:
4871:
4856:
4852:
4839:
4837:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4810:
4808:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4788:
4786:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4762:Wayback Machine
4752:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4721:
4717:
4707:
4705:
4694:"John Morrison"
4692:
4691:
4687:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4636:
4632:
4622:
4620:
4599:
4595:
4585:
4583:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4538:
4534:
4524:
4522:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4481:
4477:
4467:
4465:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4415:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4382:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4346:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4282:
4278:
4267:
4263:
4253:
4251:
4231:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4186:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4142:
4140:
4123:
4119:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4064:
4027:
4023:
4013:
4011:
3974:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3938:Wayback Machine
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3885:on 12 June 2008
3877:
3876:
3872:
3862:
3860:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3820:
3819:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3799:on 12 June 2008
3783:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3699:
3693:
3689:
3679:
3677:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3605:
3601:
3591:Wayback Machine
3582:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3511:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3388:on 8 March 2010
3385:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3320:
3316:
3285:
3281:
3265:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3163:
3159:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3113:www.redbull.com
3107:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3039:The Independent
3031:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3014:on 13 July 2007
3006:
3005:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2985:on 17 July 2011
2973:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2955:on 12 July 2012
2947:
2946:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2914:
2907:
2884:
2880:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2815:
2814:
2805:
2799:Wayback Machine
2792:History of WFPF
2790:
2786:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2718:
2710:
2703:
2695:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2625:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2466:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2444:on 18 July 2006
2441:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2407:Artful Dodger.
2405:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2299:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2192:
2172:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2140:
2120:
2109:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1976:
1955:
1947:
1931:
1927:
1904:
1900:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1868:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1699:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1658:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1589:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1508:on 6 March 2014
1500:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1453:World Chase Tag
1412:Obstacle racing
1377:
1355:
1328:
1312:
1290:
1277:
1120:is about eight
1041:Cyril Raffaelli
1007:, for the film
997:
909:
880:
872:Parkour Visions
832:
827:
794:
768:
749:
747:
742:
709:
696:
689:
660:
644:
623:
601:
580:
516:
510:
481:Raymond's son,
439:
426:
370:
348:Chinese culture
340:
335:
239:
148:obstacle course
126:
112:Not currently;
104:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7612:
7602:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7584:Jumping sports
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7533:
7521:
7509:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7479:
7473:
7467:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7369:
7367:
7358:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7338:The North Face
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7268:Sierra Designs
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7243:Frostline Kits
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7204:
7202:
7198:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7169:
7162:
7154:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7137:
7134:Rock & Ice
7130:
7123:
7116:
7109:
7102:
7095:
7088:
7081:
7078:Alpine Journal
7073:
7071:
7064:
7060:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6968:Climbing route
6965:
6960:
6955:
6949:
6947:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6939:
6938:
6937:
6927:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6913:Simul-climbing
6910:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6898:
6888:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6854:Front pointing
6851:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6828:
6826:
6822:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6790:Avalanche cord
6784:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6762:
6757:
6755:Bottled oxygen
6752:
6747:
6741:
6739:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6707:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6695:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6619:
6614:
6613:
6612:
6602:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6519:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6501:
6499:
6490:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6456:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6422:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6410:IFSC victories
6407:
6402:
6397:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6294:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6237:
6235:
6233:Mountaineering
6229:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6110:
6104:
6102:
6095:
6086:
6082:
6081:
6074:
6073:
6066:
6059:
6051:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5921:
5914:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5890:Brick Mansions
5886:
5879:
5872:
5865:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5845:Damien Walters
5842:
5837:
5832:
5830:Daniel Ilabaca
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5801:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5757:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5699:
5698:External links
5696:
5695:
5694:
5688:
5682:. Intervista.
5672:
5663:
5657:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5613:10.1.1.645.395
5606:(3): 229–253.
5590:
5575:
5568:
5544:
5523:
5506:Wired magazine
5492:
5475:Wired magazine
5461:
5446:
5410:
5383:
5353:
5314:
5293:(100): 27–37.
5277:
5238:(5): 526–535.
5218:
5192:
5166:
5135:
5116:
5086:
5056:
5025:
5008:twinfinite.com
4994:
4959:
4937:
4906:
4884:
4850:
4821:
4796:
4770:
4746:
4715:
4685:
4663:
4630:
4593:
4563:
4532:
4502:
4475:
4442:
4409:
4373:
4337:
4307:
4276:
4261:
4225:
4180:
4150:
4117:
4074:
4041:(4): 723–731.
4021:
3988:(1): 122–129.
3968:
3942:
3923:
3896:
3870:
3859:on 5 July 2009
3843:
3810:
3777:
3747:
3720:
3687:
3656:
3630:
3599:
3573:
3547:
3521:
3495:
3465:
3432:
3399:
3367:
3341:
3330:(2): 143–154.
3314:
3295:(8): 795–797.
3279:
3231:
3205:
3193:
3184:
3157:
3142:
3130:
3109:"Series Stops"
3100:
3074:
3048:
3025:
2996:
2966:
2937:
2905:
2894:(3): 154–159.
2878:
2863:
2836:
2803:
2784:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2733:
2716:
2701:
2684:
2672:
2661:on 31 May 2019
2642:
2624:978-0857712271
2623:
2599:
2582:
2552:
2537:
2526:. 21 July 2014
2515:
2504:. 21 July 2014
2493:
2475:The New Yorker
2470:"No Obstacles"
2455:
2426:
2392:
2366:
2343:
2317:
2305:
2288:
2262:
2236:
2209:
2190:
2157:
2139:978-1135117429
2138:
2132:. p. 79.
2107:
2088:(2): 169–194.
2072:
2045:
2013:
1982:
1953:
1946:978-0813571980
1945:
1925:
1914:(3): 164–173.
1898:
1866:
1846:
1804:(2): 143–152.
1781:
1748:
1728:
1690:
1656:
1653:(Online). n.d.
1636:
1610:
1603:
1578:
1545:
1519:
1493:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1448:Woggle hopping
1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:Street workout
1430:
1425:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1407:List of sports
1404:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1327:
1324:
1311:
1308:
1289:
1286:
1274:Tron Evolution
1204:, and co-star
1171:Daniel Ilabaca
1052:Brick Mansions
996:
993:
908:
905:
879:
876:
861:Leave No Trace
831:
828:
826:
823:
793:
790:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
764:Main article:
746:
743:
741:
738:
725:The New Yorker
708:
705:
693:Erwan Le Corre
688:
685:
659:
656:
643:
640:
600:
599:Name and split
597:
579:
576:
512:Main article:
509:
506:
438:
435:
428:Born in 1922,
425:
422:
418:fitness trails
410:natural method
385:Georges Hébert
377:Georges Hébert
369:
368:Georges Hébert
366:
339:
336:
334:
331:
253:Georges Hébert
238:
235:
118:
117:
110:
106:
105:
103:
102:
96:
94:
90:
89:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7611:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7544:
7543:
7534:
7532:
7531:
7522:
7520:
7519:
7510:
7508:
7507:
7502:
7498:
7497:
7494:
7483:
7480:
7477:
7474:
7471:
7468:
7465:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7457:International
7455:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7362:
7359:
7357:Organizations
7355:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7228:Early Winters
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7208:Black Diamond
7206:
7205:
7203:
7199:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7177:
7175:
7174:
7173:The Dawn Wall
7170:
7168:
7167:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7138:
7136:
7135:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7124:
7122:
7121:
7117:
7115:
7114:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7096:
7094:
7093:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7068:
7065:
7061:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7033:Bachar ladder
7031:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6983:Climbing wall
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6958:Approach shoe
6956:
6954:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6944:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
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6902:
6899:
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6892:
6889:
6885:
6882:
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6877:
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6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6823:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6578:Climbing rope
6576:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6460:
6459:First ascents
6457:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6268:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6251:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6230:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6093:Rock climbing
6090:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6072:
6067:
6065:
6060:
6058:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6037:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6017:Worldwide Jam
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5957:Mirror's Edge
5954:
5952:
5951:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5820:John Hennigan
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5798:Practitioners
5796:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5755:
5750:
5748:
5743:
5741:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5726:
5722:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5702:
5701:
5691:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5644:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5571:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5551:
5549:
5541:
5540:0-06-178367-6
5537:
5533:
5527:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5496:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5465:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5421:
5414:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5357:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5318:
5310:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5281:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5222:
5206:
5202:
5196:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5139:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5101:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5071:
5067:
5060:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5029:
5013:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4963:
4948:
4941:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4818:
4806:
4800:
4784:
4780:
4774:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4750:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4719:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4634:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4608:Mumbai Mirror
4604:
4597:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4491:on 7 May 2012
4490:
4486:
4479:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4446:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4413:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4380:
4378:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4344:
4342:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4280:
4272:
4265:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4121:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4078:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3781:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3578:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3436:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3403:
3384:
3377:
3371:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3275:
3269:
3251:
3244:
3243:
3235:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3202:
3197:
3188:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3139:
3134:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2912:
2910:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2867:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2788:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2737:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2681:
2676:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2525:
2519:
2503:
2497:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2331:
2328:(in French).
2327:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2225:on 8 May 2005
2224:
2220:
2213:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1894:
1888:
1873:
1869:
1867:9780980582741
1863:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1771:
1755:
1751:
1749:9780957071926
1745:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1695:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Platform game
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1295:Casino Royale
1285:
1283:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1228:Mirror's Edge
1224:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:Stephen Amell
1193:
1189:
1188:John Hennigan
1186:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1131:6 Underground
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1076:Casino Royale
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1065:Casino Royale
1061:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1002:
995:Entertainment
992:
990:
986:
982:
981:
974:
972:
971:
965:
962:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
943:
937:
935:
931:
927:
922:
918:
914:
904:
902:
896:
894:
890:
889:biomechanical
884:
875:
873:
870:
866:
862:
853:
848:
841:
836:
822:
820:
816:
812:
803:
798:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
772:
767:
737:
733:
730:
726:
721:
718:
714:
704:
700:
694:
684:
680:
676:
674:
664:
655:
653:
649:
642:Organizations
639:
637:
633:
629:
622:
618:
615:
612:
608:
607:
596:
592:
588:
584:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
515:
505:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
476:
472:
468:
466:
462:
457:
452:
448:
444:
434:
431:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:1902 eruption
390:
387:, who before
386:
378:
374:
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:
349:
345:
330:
328:
323:
318:
316:
312:
307:
302:
301:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
276:
274:
269:
264:
263:Hubert Koundé
259:
254:
249:
245:derives from
244:
234:
232:
228:
224:
222:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:training and
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
124:
115:
111:
109:Olympic sport
107:
101:
98:
97:
95:
91:
87:
84:1980s in the
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
57:Also known as
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
7540:
7528:
7516:
7504:
7448:USA Climbing
7348:Wild Country
7343:Therm-a-Rest
7185:
7178:
7171:
7164:
7159:The Alpinist
7157:
7139:
7132:
7125:
7118:
7111:
7104:
7097:
7090:
7083:
7076:
7038:Campus board
6993:First ascent
6737:Ice and snow
6534:Belay device
6385:Alpine clubs
6345:Ropes course
6334:
6258:Alpine style
6015:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5943:Free Running
5941:
5923:
5916:
5911:Jump Britain
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5760:
5708:
5679:
5676:Belle, David
5667:
5649:Ciné Parkour
5648:
5603:
5599:
5593:
5560:Free Running
5559:
5534:. It Books.
5531:
5526:
5514:. Retrieved
5495:
5483:. Retrieved
5464:
5419:
5413:
5401:. Retrieved
5366:
5356:
5334:(1): 81–96.
5331:
5327:
5317:
5290:
5280:
5268:. Retrieved
5235:
5231:
5221:
5209:. Retrieved
5205:the original
5195:
5183:. Retrieved
5179:the original
5169:
5157:. Retrieved
5149:The Guardian
5148:
5138:
5130:the original
5119:
5111:
5104:. Retrieved
5089:
5081:
5074:. Retrieved
5059:
5047:. Retrieved
5038:
5028:
5016:. Retrieved
5012:the original
5007:
4997:
4985:. Retrieved
4976:
4970:
4962:
4952:23 September
4950:. Retrieved
4940:
4928:. Retrieved
4919:
4909:
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4576:www.metro.us
4575:
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4514:
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4505:
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4489:the original
4478:
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3165:Green, Rob.
3160:
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3112:
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2564:
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2473:
2448:22 September
2446:. Retrieved
2439:the original
2429:
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2025:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1935:
1928:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1876:, retrieved
1856:
1849:
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1801:
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1738:
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1627:. Retrieved
1613:
1593:
1569:. Retrieved
1560:
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1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1506:the original
1502:"3RUN Story"
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1480:the original
1391:Calisthenics
1369:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:in parkour.
1293:
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1109:
1108:(2013), and
1105:
1099:
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1089:
1083:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1058:In 2006 the
1057:
1050:
1044:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1008:
998:
978:
975:
968:
966:
960:Jump Britain
958:
954:
940:
938:
920:
910:
897:
885:
881:
871:
860:
857:
838:Traceurs in
807:
801:
769:
734:
724:
722:
716:
712:
710:
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690:
681:
677:
672:
669:
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631:
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581:
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527:
517:
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495:sports clubs
480:
440:
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382:
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321:
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284:
277:
272:
258:les parcours
242:
240:
226:
218:
212:
197:
152:martial arts
139:
122:
121:
36:
7542:WikiProject
7378:Alpine Club
7373:Access Fund
7283:Lowe Alpine
7278:La Sportiva
7015:Fall factor
6908:Self-arrest
6884:Redpointing
6807:Snow anchor
6561:Boulder mat
6510:Daisy chain
6480:Terminology
6471:Terminology
6350:Rooftopping
6292:Hillwalking
6280:Dry-tooling
6246:Via ferrata
6159:Traditional
6137:Competition
6118:Multi-pitch
6101:Disciplines
5981:Jackie Chan
5935:Video games
5918:Jump London
5876:District 13
5805:David Belle
5765:Freerunning
5403:24 December
5270:13 December
5106:10 February
4987:29 November
4840:11 December
4623:24 November
4495:10 February
4366:11 December
4194:M/C Journal
4067:13 December
4014:13 December
3414:Herald Mail
2930:8 September
2782:, pp. 71–79
2615:I.B. Tauris
2575:29 November
2550:, pp. 23–30
2182:Aurum Press
2065:10 February
1980:, pp. 17–20
1629:15 December
1428:Rooftopping
1402:Freerunning
1342:freerunning
1336:, starring
1333:Jump London
1262:Crackdown 2
1250:Dying Light
1214:Tomb Raider
1148:(2014) and
1122:freerunners
1037:David Belle
1032:District 13
955:Jump London
942:Jump London
830:Trespassing
819:freerunning
707:David Belle
687:Competition
628:§ Etymology
609:, from the
550:Jackie Chan
530:, from the
483:David Belle
475:David Belle
430:John Ciampa
424:John Ciampa
398:Mount Pelée
389:World War I
379:(1875–1957)
362:Jackie Chan
227:le parcours
215:David Belle
208:freerunning
180:plyometrics
100:David Belle
7558:Categories
7166:El Capitan
6930:Traversing
6879:Onsighting
6859:Glissading
6842:Dülfersitz
6837:Australian
6800:Transeiver
6745:Alpenstock
6678:Portaledge
6666:Copperhead
6605:Descenders
6539:Auto belay
6330:Commercial
6310:Buildering
6287:Scrambling
6197:Rock types
6188:Top roping
6125:Bouldering
5904:Freerunner
5840:Tim Shieff
5835:Ryan Doyle
5516:9 November
5485:9 November
5429:2011.01809
5175:"Projects"
5151:. London.
4739:31 January
4708:1 December
4656:30 January
4586:22 January
4556:22 January
4546:Looper.com
4525:13 January
4468:7 December
4330:1 December
4243:60 Minutes
4234:Hayes, Liz
4218:2 December
4173:2 December
3770:7 November
3615:. London.
3177:1 February
2530:11 October
2508:11 October
2486:14 October
2038:2 December
2006:2 December
1713:(3): 209.
1683:16 January
1571:2 December
1386:Buildering
1381:Acrobatics
1304:US Marines
1206:Caity Lotz
1179:Ryan Doyle
1175:Tim Shieff
1146:Bang Bang!
1117:Freerunner
1060:James Bond
1005:Luc Besson
970:60 Minutes
913:Luc Besson
658:Philosophy
578:Discipline
487:gymnastics
144:acrobatics
7318:Patagonia
7201:Companies
7187:Hard Grit
7180:Free Solo
7048:MoonBoard
7043:Hangboard
7029:Training
6978:Guidebook
6953:Ape index
6918:Rope team
6832:Abseiling
6777:Ice screw
6683:Quickdraw
6566:Carabiner
6488:Equipment
6466:Technique
6432:Equipment
6315:Canyoning
6253:Himalayan
6181:Rope solo
6171:Free solo
5713:is being
5608:CiteSeerX
5456:226237107
5309:2118-5735
5076:3 January
4645:The Hindu
4457:USA Today
4402:3 January
4391:The Times
4292:(video).
4254:3 January
4238:"Go Jump"
2989:5 January
2829:25 August
2336:28 August
2130:Routledge
2102:146783270
1818:0951-5666
1770:cite book
1645:"parkour"
1459:Citations
1300:San Diego
1256:Crackdown
1055:in 2014.
926:Coca-Cola
921:Rush Hour
869:nonprofit
792:Equipment
729:Bruce Lee
617:ya makási
611:Congolese
564:Bruce Lee
535:ya makási
491:athletics
241:The word
237:Etymology
204:acrobatic
7518:Category
7365:National
7263:JanSport
7238:Five Ten
7113:Desnivel
7106:Climbing
7085:Alpinist
7010:Exposure
6988:Chipping
6935:Tyrolean
6925:Spotting
6896:Crevasse
6874:Flashing
6864:Jumaring
6849:Belaying
6812:Snowshoe
6770:Ice tool
6760:Crampons
6610:Figure-8
6522:Ascender
6390:Climbers
6130:Highball
6113:Big wall
6078:Climbing
6036:Category
6001:Tricking
5862:Yamakasi
5779:Yamakasi
5706:template
5678:(2009).
5630:16058286
5588:, p. 39.
5558:(2008).
5510:Archived
5479:Archived
5397:Archived
5393:12291745
5348:15949583
5264:Archived
5260:37269563
5252:26267256
5211:9 August
5185:9 August
5159:9 August
5153:Archived
5100:Archived
5070:Archived
5043:Archived
4981:Archived
4977:Gamasura
4924:Archived
4868:Archived
4834:Archived
4758:Archived
4733:Archived
4702:Archived
4650:Archived
4617:Archived
4580:Archived
4550:Archived
4519:Archived
4462:Archived
4429:Archived
4324:Archived
4320:BBC News
4294:Archived
4248:Archived
4212:Archived
4167:Archived
4143:19 April
4137:Archived
4112:39559873
4104:28455090
4061:Archived
4057:26664268
4008:Archived
4004:24149735
3934:Archived
3916:9 August
3910:Archived
3836:9 August
3830:Archived
3734:Archived
3713:18 April
3704:Archived
3680:18 April
3649:18 April
3617:Archived
3587:Archived
3534:Archived
3482:Archived
3360:21 April
3309:16806217
3268:citation
3259:16 March
3250:archived
3171:Archived
3117:Archived
3087:Archived
2959:16 April
2924:Archived
2856:19 April
2824:France 2
2801:wfpf.com
2795:Archived
2665:13 March
2635:14 March
2629:Archived
2597:, p. 35.
2480:Archived
2330:Archived
2315:, p. 37.
2281:12 April
2202:27 March
2196:Archived
2150:14 March
2144:Archived
2059:Archived
2032:Archived
2000:Archived
1887:citation
1878:16 March
1872:archived
1830:Archived
1826:11017425
1760:16 March
1754:Archived
1715:Archived
1677:Archived
1623:Archived
1565:Archived
1561:BBC News
1532:Archived
1422:Qinggong
1375:See also
1364:Yamakasi
1349:Yamakasi
1282:capoeira
1161:'s show
1154:(2018).
1144:(2013),
1104:(2006),
1096:Yamakasi
1074:(2007),
1021:Yamakasi
1016:Yamakasi
977:in 2010
802:traceuse
745:Movement
740:Practice
638:below).
606:Yamakasi
555:qinggong
552:such as
541:below).
528:Yamakasi
514:Yamakasi
508:Yamakasi
502:parcours
353:qinggong
291:traceuse
268:parcours
172:vaulting
168:swinging
164:climbing
156:flipping
140:traceurs
136:training
86:Normandy
18:Parcours
7564:Parkour
7530:Commons
7484:(UIMLA)
7478:(UIAGM)
6869:Leading
6786:Rescue
6765:Ice axe
6715:Camalot
6649:Lanyard
6632:Skyhook
6617:Harness
6588:Dynamic
6571:Maillon
6544:Glasses
6425:Everest
6416:Deaths
6335:Parkour
5925:Tracers
5761:Parkour
5721:Parkour
5680:Parkour
5542:. p. 11
5049:1 March
5039:PCWorld
5018:13 June
4930:16 June
4424:Reuters
4048:4657414
3995:3761764
3889:13 June
3863:27 June
3803:13 June
3623:13 June
3566:13 June
3488:19 June
3458:25 July
3425:25 July
3392:4 April
3203:, p. 27
3155:, p. 59
3140:, p. 58
3123:24 June
3093:24 June
2767:, p. 44
2755:, p. 47
2743:, p. 53
2731:, p. 46
2714:, p. 42
2699:, p. 43
2682:, p. 23
2027:YouTube
1839:11 June
1721:1 March
1141:Dhoom 3
1136:Storror
1126:Netflix
1111:Tracers
1080:Western
917:BBC One
815:sneaker
713:Parkour
614:Lingala
532:Lingala
443:Vietnam
338:Origins
333:History
311:traceur
287:traceur
273:parkour
243:parkour
184:rolling
176:jumping
160:running
127:French:
123:Parkour
93:Creator
40:Parkour
7506:Portal
7472:(UIAA)
7466:(IFSC)
7298:Millet
7288:Mammut
7253:Grivel
7223:Deuter
7141:Summit
7025:Guides
7020:Grades
6891:Rescue
6825:Action
6727:Tricam
6693:Grigri
6639:Hammer
6593:Static
6549:Gloves
6517:Anchor
6437:Brands
6241:Alpine
5772:Groups
5725:Curlie
5719:
5710:Curlie
5686:
5655:
5628:
5610:
5566:
5538:
5454:
5444:
5391:
5381:
5346:
5307:
5258:
5250:
4789:27 May
4300:10 May
4110:
4102:
4055:
4045:
4002:
3992:
3961:22 May
3740:6 June
3540:12 May
3514:7 July
3307:
3289:Injury
3224:22 May
3067:22 May
3018:11 May
2621:
2419:2 July
2385:22 May
2255:12 May
2229:12 May
2188:
2136:
2100:
1943:
1864:
1824:
1816:
1746:
1601:
1538:22 May
1512:22 May
1486:22 May
1396:Dérive
1223:series
1216:series
1010:Taxi 2
934:Toyota
932:, and
907:Impact
893:survey
840:Lisses
520:Lisses
451:Da Lat
306:tracer
300:tracer
186:, and
76:France
7323:Petzl
7273:Kelty
7063:Media
6998:Pitch
6963:Clean
6946:Other
6795:RECCO
6722:Shoes
6710:SLCDs
6705:Sling
6673:Piton
6622:Hooks
6600:Chalk
6527:Croll
6505:Aider
6442:Knots
6378:Lists
6360:Slide
6325:Grass
6320:Crane
6303:Other
6275:Mixed
6204:Crack
6154:Sport
6142:Speed
6085:Types
6011:Vault
5974:Other
5854:Films
5704:‹The
5626:S2CID
5586:Angel
5452:S2CID
5424:arXiv
5389:S2CID
5256:S2CID
4971:Brink
4920:Wired
4811:9 May
4200:(3).
4108:S2CID
3707:(PDF)
3700:(PDF)
3386:(PDF)
3379:(PDF)
3253:(PDF)
3246:(PDF)
3201:Belle
3153:Belle
3138:Belle
2780:Belle
2680:Angel
2595:Angel
2548:Belle
2442:(JPG)
2313:Angel
2301:Belle
2098:S2CID
1978:Angel
1833:(PDF)
1822:S2CID
1794:(PDF)
1278:'
1234:Brink
1201:Arrow
1151:Aadhi
1128:film
1062:film
825:Risks
634:(see
406:Reims
295:nouns
192:urban
65:Focus
7213:CAMP
7003:Topo
6973:Beta
6901:Self
6698:Revo
6688:SLDs
6627:Fifi
6583:Cord
6556:Bolt
6497:Rock
6365:Tree
6340:Pole
6219:Slab
6214:Roof
6209:Face
6166:Solo
6149:Free
5763:and
5684:ISBN
5653:ISBN
5564:ISBN
5536:ISBN
5518:2018
5487:2018
5442:ISBN
5405:2020
5379:ISBN
5344:PMID
5305:ISSN
5272:2020
5248:PMID
5213:2009
5187:2009
5161:2009
5108:2013
5078:2008
5051:2015
5020:2014
4989:2015
4954:2009
4932:2017
4876:2009
4842:2007
4813:2021
4791:2016
4741:2011
4710:2011
4658:2018
4625:2011
4588:2020
4558:2020
4527:2016
4515:IMDb
4497:2013
4470:2007
4437:2009
4404:2008
4368:2007
4332:2015
4302:2017
4256:2008
4220:2015
4175:2015
4145:2008
4100:PMID
4069:2020
4053:PMID
4016:2020
4000:PMID
3963:2014
3918:2009
3891:2008
3865:2008
3838:2009
3805:2008
3792:Time
3772:2015
3742:2011
3715:2016
3682:2016
3651:2016
3625:2008
3568:2008
3542:2014
3516:2007
3490:2017
3460:2010
3427:2010
3394:2008
3362:2007
3305:PMID
3274:link
3261:2013
3226:2014
3179:2011
3125:2020
3095:2020
3069:2014
3020:2007
2991:2015
2961:2008
2932:2013
2858:2008
2831:2007
2667:2019
2637:2019
2619:ISBN
2577:2007
2532:2023
2510:2023
2488:2007
2450:2007
2421:2013
2387:2014
2338:2007
2283:2007
2257:2007
2231:2007
2204:2021
2186:ISBN
2152:2019
2134:ISBN
2067:2013
2040:2015
2008:2015
1941:ISBN
1893:link
1880:2013
1862:ISBN
1841:2019
1814:ISSN
1776:link
1762:2013
1744:ISBN
1723:2015
1685:2020
1631:2021
1599:ISBN
1573:2015
1540:2014
1514:2014
1488:2014
1259:and
1247:and
1039:and
930:Nike
924:for
489:and
356:, a
280:1989
200:flip
7333:REI
7328:Rab
6661:Nut
6654:PAC
6644:Hex
6270:Ice
6108:Aid
5723:at
5618:doi
5434:doi
5371:doi
5336:doi
5295:doi
5240:doi
4896:".
4729:WWE
4698:WWE
4676:MTV
4202:doi
4092:doi
4043:PMC
3990:PMC
3595:BBC
3332:doi
3297:doi
2896:doi
2090:doi
1916:doi
1806:doi
1192:WWE
1159:MTV
1106:Run
985:BBC
652:MTV
400:on
396:of
350:is
322:jam
275:".
114:IOC
7560::
5717:.›
5624:.
5616:.
5604:11
5602:.
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5547:^
5508:.
5504:.
5477:.
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5440:.
5432:.
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5377:.
5365:.
5342:.
5332:24
5330:.
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5262:.
5254:.
5246:.
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