186:
69:) of individuals regardless of any spatial, physical, genetical, temporal or social preference. That is, the mating between two organisms is not influenced by any environmental, nor hereditary interaction. Hence, potential mates have an equal chance of being contributors to the fertilizing gamete pool. If there is no random sub-sampling of gametes involved in the fertilization cohort, panmixia has occurred. Such uniform random mating is distinct from lack of
26:) means uniform random fertilization. A panmictic population is one where all potential parents may contribute equally to the gamete pool, and that these gametes are uniformly distributed within the gamete population (gamodeme). This assumes that there are no hybridising restrictions within the parental population : neither
164:
In a panmictic species, all of the individuals of a single species are potential partners, and the species gives no mating restrictions throughout the population. Panmixia can also be referred to as random mating, referring to a population that randomly chooses their mate, rather than sorting between
176:
species. However, outside population factors, like drought and limited food sources, can affect the way any species will mate. When scientists examine species mating to understand their mating style, they look at factors like genetic markers, genetic differentiation, and gene pool.
256:) have been found to be a single panmictic population. Markers used in the study carried out by Muths et al. (2013) found large spatial and temporal homogeneity in genetic structure satisfactory in order to consider the swordfish a singular panmictic population.
139:
proposed a "factor of
Panmixia" (P) to include in the equations describing the gene frequencies in a population, and accounting for a population's tendency towards panmixia, while a "factor of Fixation" (F) would account for a population's departure from the
242:, the marbled crab, marking them as panmictic species. The study claimed that the crabs' mating behavior is characterized by genetic differentiation due to geographic breaks across its distribution range and not panmixia
249:) exhibit local patterns of adaptation. In a study conducted by Chaves (2014) a population along an entire transect was found to be panmictic. Traits observed in this study included skull shape, fur color, etc.
127:
However, if the separating factor is removed before this happens (e.g. a road is cut through the forest), and the individuals are allowed to move about freely, the individual populations will still be able to
235:
or the
American eel, exhibits panmixia throughout the entire species. This allows the eel to have phenotypic variation in their offspring and survive in a wide range of environmental conditions
542:
Bast, Felix; Kubota, Satoshi; Okuda, Kazuo (11 November 2014). "Phylogeographic assessment of panmictic
Monostroma species from Kuroshio Coast, Japan, reveals sympatric speciation".
309:: A measure of the genes contributed to the next generation by an individual, often stated in terms of the number of surviving offspring produced by the individual
750:"Multi-Genetic Marker Approach and Spatio-Temporal Analysis Suggest There Is a Single Panmictic Population of Swordfish Xiphias gladius in the Indian Ocean"
303:: A form of natural selection that occurs when individuals vary in their ability to compete with others for mates or to attract members of the opposite sex
693:
Fratini, Sara; Ragionieri, Lapo; Deli, Temim; Harrer, Alexandra; Marino, Ilaria A. M.; Cannicci, Stefano; Zane, Lorenzo; Schubart, Christoph D. (2016).
820:"Clinal colour variation within a panmictic population of tree squirrels, Tamiasciurus douglasii ( Rodentia: Sciuridae), across an ecological gradient"
851:
807:
385:
116:
will slowly move each population toward genetic differentiation that would make each population genetically unique (that could eventually lead to
695:"Unravelling population genetic structure with mitochondrial DNA in a notional panmictic coastal crab species: Sample size makes the difference"
132:. As the species's populations interbreed over time, they become more genetically uniform, functioning again as a single panmictic population.
640:"In absence of local adaptation, plasticity and spatially varying selection rule: A view from genomic reaction norms in a panmictic species (
395:
369:
291:: A mating system in which one male mates with just one female, and one female mates with just one male, in breeding season
217:
may be forced to aggregate in common mating areas due to uneven resource distribution in its harsh desert environment.
411:
335:
144:
expectation, due to less than panmictic mating. In this formulation, the two quantities are complementary, i.e.
93:, possibly over a range of hundreds to thousands of miles, and thus breed with other members of the population.
42:
for further discussion). Therefore, all gamete recombination (fertilization) is uniformly possible. Both the
873:
47:
638:
CÎté, Caroline L.; Castonguay, Martin; Kalujnaia, Mcwilliam; Cramb, Gordon; Bernatchez, Louis (2014).
387:
Bioinformatics for
Beginners: Genes, Genomes, Molecular Evolution, Databases and Analytical Tools
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245:
In a heterogeneous environment such as the forests of Oregon, United States, Douglas squirrels (
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39:
96:
To signify the importance of this, imagine several different finite populations of the same
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89:
to interbreed without restrictions; individuals are able to move about freely within their
297:
A mating system in which a male fertilizes the eggs of several partners in breeding season
8:
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446:
Beveridge, M.; Simmons, L. W. (2006). "Panmixia: An example from Dawson's burrowing bee (
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104:), isolated from each other by some physical characteristic of the environment (dense
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338:. p. 262: "Panmixia (panmixis): random mating as contrasted with assortative mating."
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Darwinism's
Struggle for Survival: Heredity and the Hypothesis of Natural Selection
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210:
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in southwest
Japanese islands. Although panmictic, the population is diversifying.
121:
577:
Daniel Troast; Frank
Suhling; Hiroshi Jinguji; Göran Sahlén; Jessica Ware (2016).
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605:
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In attempting to describe the mathematical properties of structured populations,
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In simple terms, panmixia (or panmicticism) is the ability of individuals in a
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Muths, D., Le Couls, S., Evano, H., Grewe, P., & Bourjea, J. (2013).
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279:(one form of non-random mating, where similar phenotypes hybridise)
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692:
579:"A Global Population Genetic Study of Pantala flavescens"
73:: in viability selection for instance, selection occurs
349:"Panmixia: Random mating within a breeding population."
238:
In 2016, BMC Evolutionary
Biology conducted a study on
223:
should be considered as a global panmictic population.
152:. From this factor of fixation, he later developed the
495:"Conclusive evidence for panmixia in the American eel"
108:
areas separating grazing lands). As time progresses,
226:
50:assume that the overall population is panmictic.
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541:
194:is considered as a global panmictic population.
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38:; and neither spatial nor temporal (see also
850:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
806:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
364:, Cambridge University Press, p. 158,
285:(where phenotypic opposites are hybridised)
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172:through gene flow more efficiently than
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252:Swordfish based in the Indian Ocean (
168:Panmixia allows for species to reach
441:
439:
347:Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary.
180:
360:Gayon, Jean; Cobb, Matthew (1998),
13:
816:Chavez, A. S., & Kenagy, G. J.
741:
384:Choudhuri, Supratim (2014-05-09).
326:King C and Stanfield W.D. (1997).
14:
885:
436:
65:usually implies the hybridising (
464:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02846.x
450:) (Hymenoptera: Anthophorini)".
412:"Of Terms in Biology: Panmictic"
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631:
227:Related experiments and species
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205:, a marine green algae, shows
165:the adults of the population.
80:
1:
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775:10.1371/journal.pone.0063558
606:10.1371/journal.pone.0148949
544:Journal of Applied Phycology
7:
330:. Oxford University Press.
260:
148: = 1 â
10:
890:
198:A panmictic population of
48:Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
712:10.1186/s12862-016-0720-2
556:10.1007/s10811-014-0452-x
699:BMC Evolutionary Biology
661:10.1186/1471-2164-15-403
100:(for example: a grazing
493:Pujolar, J. M. (2013).
240:Pachygrapsus marmoratus
328:Dictionary of genetics
247:Tamiasciurus douglasii
211:Dawson's burrowing bee
195:
160:Background information
283:Disassortative mating
272:Quantitative Genetics
188:
40:Quantitative genetics
207:sympatric speciation
874:Population genetics
766:2013PLoSO...863558M
597:2016PLoSO..1148949T
267:Population genetics
277:Assortative mating
233:Anguilla rostrate,
220:Pantala flavescens
196:
191:Pantala flavescens
837:10.1111/bij.12361
642:Anguilla rostrata
512:10.1111/mec.12143
499:Molecular Ecology
452:Molecular Ecology
397:978-0-12-410510-2
371:978-0-521-56250-8
215:Amegilla dawsoni,
181:Panmictic species
170:genetic diversity
110:natural selection
71:natural selection
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550:(4): 1725â1735.
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505:(7): 1761â2.
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16:Random mating
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458:(4): 951â7.
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390:. Elsevier.
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32:cytogenetics
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19:
18:
122:extirpation
81:Description
36:behavioural
869:Population
863:Categories
830:(2): 536.
314:References
203:latissimum
201:Monostroma
130:interbreed
120:events or
118:speciation
87:population
295:Polygyny:
102:herbivore
818:(2014).
794:23717447
754:PLOS ONE
731:27455997
680:24884429
625:26934181
584:PLOS ONE
564:17236629
529:24345855
521:23620904
480:22442167
472:16599959
289:Monogamy
261:See also
174:monandry
77:mating.
59:heredity
55:genetics
46:and the
28:genetics
24:panmixis
20:Panmixia
785:3661515
762:Bibcode
722:4960869
705:: 150.
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616:4775058
593:Bibcode
307:Fitness
98:species
91:habitat
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106:forest
75:before
67:mating
560:S2CID
525:S2CID
476:S2CID
852:link
808:link
790:PMID
727:PMID
676:PMID
621:PMID
517:PMID
468:PMID
430:NOAA
392:ISBN
366:ISBN
332:ISBN
112:and
57:and
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