1005:
1056:
1022:
230:
1039:
972:
513:
990:
365:
46:
2830:
376:. They also may be free-standing or fused to one another in many different ways, including fusion of some but not all stamens. The filaments may be fused and the anthers free, or the filaments free and the anthers fused. Rather than there being two locules, one locule of a stamen may fail to develop, or alternatively the two locules may merge late in development to give a single locule. Extreme cases of stamen fusion occur in some species of
99:
404:
219:
479:, which are adapted to attach to particular pollinating agents such as birds or insects. More commonly, mature pollen grains separate and are dispensed by wind or water, pollinating insects, birds or other pollination vectors.
428:) in the anther (anther sacs or pollen sacs). The two separate locules on each side of an anther may fuse into a single locule. Each microsporangium is lined with a nutritive tissue layer called the
1004:
498:
to occur. After arriving, the pollen grain (an immature microgametophyte) typically completes its development. It may grow a pollen tube and undergo mitosis to produce two sperm nuclei.
1283:
A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the
English language. Dealing with the origin of words and their sense development thus illustration the history of civilization and culture.
2660:
1055:
971:
2665:
201:
436:
spores. The spores may remain attached to each other in a tetrad or separate after meiosis. Each microspore then divides mitotically to form an immature
2798:
1021:
1038:
122:) and are attached to the filament either at the base or in the middle area of the anther. The sterile tissue between the lobes is called the
2716:
400:) where the stamens form a ring around the gynoecium, with a single locule. Plants having a single stamen are referred to as "monandrous."
181:). The androecium in various species of plants forms a great variety of patterns, some of them highly complex. It generally surrounds the
1498:
2532:
989:
1455:
128:, an extension of the filament containing conducting strands. It can be seen as an extension on the dorsal side of the anther. A
766:
Where the connective is very small, or imperceptible, the anther lobes are close together, and the connective is referred to as
1332:
A Greek-English
Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.
1147:
Sattler, R. 1988. A dynamic multidimensional approach to floral morphology. In: Leins, P., Tucker, S. C. and
Endress, P. (eds)
1312:
Tensaurus
Italograecus. Ausführliches historisch-kritisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Lehn- und Fremdwörter im Lateinischen.
1520:
1197:
1101:
746:: in two whorls, with twice the number of stamens as petals, the outer opposite the petals, inner opposite the sepals, e.g.
1436:
William G. D'Arcy, Richard C. Keating (eds.) The Anther: Form, Function, and
Phylogeny. Cambridge University Press, 1996
2869:
2722:
1550:
1465:
1442:
1379:
1176:
1156:
1135:
1617:
372:
Depending on the species of plant, some or all of the stamens in a flower may be attached to the petals or to the
2056:
299:
2537:
229:
1987:
740:: having a single series of stamens, equal in number to the proper number of petals and alternating with them
507:
2706:
2293:
1808:
571:, or (inaccurately) a male flower. A flower with a functional pistil but no functional stamens is called a
448:
2788:
2542:
289:
2522:
1567:
1093:
567:
consists of one or more carpels. A flower with functional stamens but no functional pistil is called a
17:
2859:
2672:
1575:
1397:
944:: a somewhat misnomer configuration where connective tissue extends in a tube around the filament tip
1314:
Wien: Druck und Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn, Buchhändler der
Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften.
2864:
2810:
2655:
1705:
346:
309:
1011:
530:
In the typical flower (that is, in the majority of flowering plant species) each flower has both
1371:
552:= the two types of flower found only on different plants). A flower with only stamens is called
2854:
2640:
2564:
195:
2369:
1508:
2805:
1538:
2874:
2527:
2424:
2379:
2051:
1610:
336:
8:
2697:
2242:
850:
798:. The connective may also be a long and stalk-like, crosswise on the filament, this is a
794:
123:
368:
Stamens, with distal anther attached to the filament stalk, in context of floral anatomy
2635:
2500:
2278:
1970:
1756:
1652:
1410:
1364:
1238:
1211:
1062:
778:
152:
79:
1488:
2793:
1642:
1637:
1546:
1516:
1461:
1438:
1375:
1345:
1243:
1193:
1172:
1152:
1131:
1097:
1046:
1028:
979:
540:. In some species, however, the flowers are unisexual with only carpels or stamens. (
2579:
2485:
2480:
2434:
2327:
2312:
2273:
2198:
2039:
1963:
1860:
1802:
1233:
1223:
638:
146:
2374:
432:
and initially contains diploid pollen mother cells. These undergo meiosis to form
2833:
2815:
2677:
2506:
2456:
2444:
2406:
2342:
2169:
2137:
2098:
2071:
1900:
1895:
1786:
1722:
1603:
1435:
606:
487:
472:
265:
31:
734:, the outer alternating with the petals, while the inner is opposite the petals.
2727:
2692:
2645:
2627:
2591:
2347:
2174:
2152:
2118:
2093:
2076:
2066:
2061:
1943:
1761:
1746:
1700:
1695:
731:
278:
255:
140:. The size of anthers differs greatly, from a tiny fraction of a millimeter in
2848:
2763:
2511:
2429:
2401:
2364:
2332:
2268:
2237:
2188:
2088:
1890:
1873:
1796:
1776:
1717:
1712:
1660:
1502:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 553–573.
1493:
1350:. Vol. Part 2 Special organography. New York: Hofner publishing company.
814:
747:
609:. The top part of the column is formed by the anther, which is covered by an
464:
452:
397:
383:
333:
286:
212:
169:
35:
1265:
A Latin dictionary founded on
Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.
512:
2758:
2748:
2650:
2359:
1868:
1835:
1247:
590:
522:
190:
282:
2574:
2559:
2554:
2490:
2352:
2132:
2103:
2002:
1997:
1845:
1685:
1680:
1665:
819:
495:
468:
437:
392:
378:
373:
163:. The androecium can consist of as few as one-half stamen (i.e. a single
137:
51:
39:
364:
45:
2603:
2596:
2586:
2569:
2252:
2247:
2183:
1975:
1822:
1781:
1675:
1347:
Organography of plants, especially of the
Archegoniatae and Spermaphyta
1228:
892:
677:: occurring as a set of six stamens with four long and two shorter ones
542:
483:
133:
115:
1543:
Morphology of
Flowers and Inflorescences (trans. Richard J. Pankhurst)
268:
2711:
2608:
2337:
2142:
2123:
2034:
1958:
1878:
1830:
1771:
1751:
1690:
931:
The anther can be attached to the filament's connective in two ways:
873:: curving downwards, then up at the tip (also – declinate-descending)
834:
A column formed from the fusion of multiple filaments is known as an
772:
651:
598:
584:
548:
476:
456:
350:
340:
313:
303:
293:
207:
182:
215:) are exceptional in that their gynoecia surround their androecia.
2753:
2743:
2687:
2682:
2449:
2322:
2298:
2215:
1885:
1670:
682:
517:
460:
186:
173:
species or as many as 3,482 stamens which have been counted in the
447:
The pollen is eventually released when the anther forms openings (
225:
flowers showing stamens above the style (with its terminal stigma)
1938:
1933:
1850:
1840:
433:
174:
782:. Where the connective separates the anther lobes, it is called
403:
218:
2391:
2283:
2203:
2157:
2147:
2108:
2046:
2022:
2012:
1626:
1117:
Charles E. Bessey in SCIENCE Vol. 40 (November 6, 1914) p. 680.
804:
720:
602:
532:
491:
441:
164:
129:
98:
56:
2615:
2549:
2471:
2439:
2396:
2288:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2208:
2193:
2162:
2083:
1741:
1732:
1487:
1296:
788:
647:
451:). These may consist of longitudinal slits, pores, as in the
285:, meaning "medicine extracted from the flower" in turn from
251:
118:. Most commonly anthers are two-lobed (each lobe is termed a
2466:
2461:
2113:
1953:
1928:
1923:
1907:
1766:
1391:
995:
2386:
1948:
1595:
808:. The connective may also bear appendages, and is called
34:. For the data visualization and cartography studio, see
671:: occurring in two pairs, a long pair and a shorter pair
908:
Anther shapes are variously described by terms such as
702:
They may be arranged in one of two different patterns:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
998:
stamens with prominent red anthers and white filaments
1298:(Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.
159:
The stamens in a flower are collectively called the
55:
with white filaments and prominent anthers carrying
1317:
1259:
1257:
1212:"Inside-out Flowers of Lacandonia braziliana...etc"
1128:
Organogenesis of Flowers. A Photographic Text-Atlas
420:A typical anther contains four microsporangia. The
411:
stamen, with four locules surrounded by the tapetum
1453:
1363:
1210:Rudell, Paula J.; et al. (February 4, 2016).
952:: attached at its center to the filament, usually
885:: joined partially into five androecial structures
826:, the appendages are united as a staminal corona.
106:A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the
879:: joined partially into two androecial structures
853:directed away from the centre of the flower. Cf.
658:They can have different lengths from each other:
546:= both types of flowers found on the same plant;
2846:
1254:
842:(fused or joined in the same whorl) as follows:
501:
254:word meaning "thread" (originally thread of the
82:of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the
2027:
1306:
1304:
1192:. Schweizerbart Science Publishers, Stuttgart.
891:: only the anthers are connate (such as in the
1343:
1288:
578:An abortive or rudimentary stamen is called a
1611:
136:in the microsporangium and contains the male
91:
2717:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
1574:. The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium,
1361:
1301:
630:(fused or joined from more than one whorl):
1277:
1275:
1273:
144:spp up to five inches (13 centimeters) in
1618:
1604:
895:). The fused stamens are referred to as a
719:They may be arranged, with respect to the
359:
1536:
1237:
1227:
867:: fused into a single, compound structure
681:or respective to the rest of the flower (
494:, of a compatible flower, for successful
2661:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
1417:. University of Hawaii Botany Department
1270:
511:
402:
363:
228:
217:
97:
44:
1506:
1087:
938:: attached at its base to the filament
556:. A flower with only carpels is called
38:. For the structure in cryptogams, see
14:
2847:
1485:
1370:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1366:The Classification of Flowering Plants
1330:Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940).
1209:
983:anthers, with pollen grains on surface
977:Scanning electron microscope image of
715:: one or more discrete whorls (series)
475:, the pollen remains in masses called
467:). In some plants, notably members of
1599:
1081:
575:, or (inaccurately) a female flower.
1566:
1408:
1263:Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879).
415:
355:) meaning "house" or "chamber/room".
1568:"Obdiplostemony (obdiplostemonous)"
1457:Common Families of Flowering Plants
753:
325:
78:) is a part consisting of the male
67:
24:
698:: not extending beyond the corolla
25:
2886:
2666:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
1591:
233:Closeup of stamens and pistil of
30:For the Bulgarian physician, see
2829:
2828:
1409:Carr, Gerald (30 October 2005).
1285:Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V.
1066:three different types of stamens
1054:
1037:
1020:
1003:
988:
970:
1515:. Academic Press. p. 371.
1478:
1447:
1429:
1402:
1355:
1337:
1130:. University of Toronto Press.
490:, the receptive surface of the
205:, along with a few species of
1486:Rendle, Alfred Barton (1911).
1460:. Cambridge University Press.
1203:
1188:Leins, P. and Erbar, C. 2010.
1182:
1161:
1151:. J. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 1-6.
1141:
1120:
1111:
692:: extending beyond the corolla
616:
189:. A few members of the family
13:
1:
1454:Hickey, M.; King, C. (1997).
1149:Aspects of Floral Development
1074:
646:: adnate to undifferentiated
508:Sexual reproduction in plants
502:Sexual reproduction in plants
2707:History of plant systematics
2294:Thorns, spines, and prickles
1572:Glossary for Vascular Plants
1507:Simpson, Michael G. (2011).
351:
341:
314:
304:
294:
241:
7:
1545:. CUP Archive. p. 93.
1398:Encyclopædia Britannica.com
1310:Saalfeld, G.A.E.A. (1884).
1171:. Oxford University Press.
486:must be transported to the
459:), or by valves, as in the
10:
2891:
2523:Alternation of generations
1625:
1411:"Flowering Plant Families"
1169:The Development of Flowers
1094:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
960:
818:and some other species of
505:
308:) meaning "flowery", from
92:Morphology and terminology
29:
2870:Plant reproductive system
2824:
2772:
2736:
2673:Cultivated plant taxonomy
2636:Biological classification
2626:
2499:
2415:
2311:
2261:
1986:
1916:
1859:
1821:
1795:
1731:
1651:
1633:
1576:New York Botanical Garden
1537:Weberling, Focko (1992).
1294:Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850).
185:and is surrounded by the
2533:Evolutionary development
1344:Goebel, K.E.v. (1969) .
1334:Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1267:Oxford: Clarendon Press.
857:, directed inwards, and
2184:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
1499:Encyclopædia Britannica
1012:Calliandra surinamensis
360:Variation in morphology
281:, from classical Latin
27:Male organs of a flower
2799:by author abbreviation
2723:Plant taxonomy systems
2641:Botanical nomenclature
1090:The Kew Plant Glossary
1088:Beentje, Henk (2010).
527:
424:form sacs or pockets (
412:
369:
238:
226:
196:Lacandonia schismatica
132:grain develops from a
103:
59:
2806:Botanical expeditions
1415:Vascular Plant Family
1362:Rendle, A.B. (1925).
1167:Greyson, R. I. 1994.
515:
406:
367:
345:) meaning "man", and
232:
221:
202:Lacandonia brasiliana
101:
48:
2538:Evolutionary history
2528:Double fertilization
2380:Cellular respiration
1539:"1.5 The Androecium"
1092:. Richmond, Surrey:
626:Stamens can also be
520:and its anther cap.
277:derives from French
1757:Non-vascular plants
795:Justicia gendarussa
591:Scrophularia nodosa
407:Cross section of a
80:reproductive organs
2262:Surface structures
2057:Flower development
1281:Klein, E. (1971).
1229:10.7717/peerj.1653
1126:Sattler, R. 1973.
1063:Commelina communis
779:Adhatoda zeylanica
528:
413:
370:
318:) meaning "flower"
271:, meaning "thread"
239:
227:
179:Carnegiea gigantea
153:Strelitzia nicolai
104:
60:
2842:
2841:
2481:Herbaceous plants
2307:
2306:
1522:978-0-08-051404-8
1513:Plant Systematics
1198:978-3-510-65261-7
1103:978-1-84246-422-9
1047:Grevillea robusta
1029:Sterculia foetida
1015:petalized stamens
980:Pentas lanceolata
861:towards the side.
838:. Stamens can be
802:connective, e.g.
665:: two equal pairs
605:are fused into a
573:pistillate flower
416:Pollen production
102:Diagram of stamen
16:(Redirected from
2882:
2860:Plant morphology
2832:
2831:
2811:Individual trees
2486:Secondary growth
2457:Succulent plants
2445:Prostrate shrubs
2328:Apical dominance
2313:Plant physiology
2274:Epicuticular wax
1819:
1818:
1812:
1803:Plant morphology
1620:
1613:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1503:
1491:
1472:
1471:
1451:
1445:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1369:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1341:
1335:
1328:
1315:
1308:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1268:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1207:
1201:
1190:Flower and Fruit
1186:
1180:
1165:
1159:
1145:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1085:
1058:
1041:
1024:
1007:
992:
974:
744:obdiplostemonous
637:: adnate to the
569:staminate flower
438:microgametophyte
354:
344:
327:
317:
307:
297:
147:Canna iridiflora
69:
21:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2865:Plant sexuality
2845:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2820:
2789:Botanical terms
2782:
2768:
2732:
2678:Citrus taxonomy
2656:Author citation
2622:
2516:
2495:
2417:
2411:
2407:Turgor pressure
2315:
2303:
2257:
2072:Floral symmetry
1990:
1982:
1912:
1901:Vascular bundle
1896:Vascular tissue
1855:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1791:
1762:Vascular plants
1727:
1723:Plant pathology
1647:
1629:
1624:
1594:
1589:
1580:
1578:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1452:
1448:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1360:
1356:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1318:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1255:
1208:
1204:
1187:
1183:
1166:
1162:
1146:
1142:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1059:
1050:
1042:
1033:
1025:
1016:
1008:
999:
993:
984:
975:
963:
942:pseudobasifixed
619:
601:and stamens of
510:
504:
473:Asclepiadoideae
418:
386:and in section
362:
332:) derives from
298:), feminine of
266:classical Latin
244:
193:, particularly
114:which contains
94:
43:
32:Stamen Grigorov
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2888:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2779:Related topics
2777:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2728:Taxonomic rank
2725:
2720:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2680:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2646:Botanical name
2638:
2632:
2630:
2628:Plant taxonomy
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2604:Megasporangium
2601:
2600:
2599:
2592:Microsporangia
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2437:
2432:
2430:Cushion plants
2421:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2367:
2365:Plant hormones
2362:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2348:Photosynthesis
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
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2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2186:
2181:
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2067:Floral formula
2064:
2062:Floral diagram
2059:
2054:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2015:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1991:(incl. Flower)
1984:
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1981:
1980:
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1968:
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1961:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1931:
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1891:Storage organs
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1777:Spermatophytes
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1747:Archaeplastida
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1701:Phytogeography
1698:
1696:Phytochemistry
1693:
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1653:Subdisciplines
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1593:
1592:External links
1590:
1588:
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1494:Chisholm, Hugh
1489:"Flower"
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956:(able to move)
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506:Main article:
503:
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422:microsporangia
417:
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382:in the family
361:
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259:
258:, in weaving).
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116:microsporangia
93:
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2:
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2855:Plant anatomy
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2189:Inflorescence
2187:
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
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1989:
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1969:
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1874:Ground tissue
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1797:Plant anatomy
1794:
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1718:Plant ecology
1716:
1714:
1713:Plant anatomy
1711:
1707:
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1699:
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1661:Archaeobotany
1659:
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1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1628:
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1569:
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1554:
1552:0-521-43832-2
1548:
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1467:9780521576093
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1443:9780521480635
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1399:
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1387:
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1381:9780521060578
1377:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1352:pages 553–555
1349:
1348:
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1307:
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1177:0-19-506688-X
1174:
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1164:
1158:
1157:3-443-50011-0
1154:
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1136:0-8020-1864-5
1133:
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929:
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890:
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883:pentadelphous
881:
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869:
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848:
845:
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843:
841:
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816:
815:Nerium odorum
811:
810:appendiculate
807:
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797:
796:
791:
790:
785:
781:
780:
775:
774:
769:
761:
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755:
749:
748:Simaroubaceae
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
729:
726:
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724:
722:
714:
711:
708:
705:
704:
703:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
686:
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676:
675:tetradynamous
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
660:
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653:
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633:
632:
631:
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588:, such as in
587:
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489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:Berberidaceae
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
410:
405:
401:
399:
398:Euphorbiaceae
395:
394:
389:
385:
384:Cucurbitaceae
381:
380:
375:
366:
353:
348:
343:
338:
335:
334:Ancient Greek
331:
323:
320:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
288:
287:Ancient Greek
284:
280:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:derives from
263:
260:
257:
253:
249:
246:
245:
236:
231:
224:
220:
216:
214:
213:Hydatellaceae
210:
209:
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198:
197:
192:
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176:
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166:
162:
157:
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109:
100:
96:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
65:
58:
54:
53:
49:Stamens of a
47:
41:
37:
36:Stamen Design
33:
19:
2759:Horticulture
2749:Floriculture
2651:Correct name
2501:Reproduction
2491:Woody plants
2416:Plant growth
2375:Gas Exchange
2360:Phytomelanin
2238:Plant embryo
2017:
2007:
1988:Reproductive
1836:Phragmoplast
1581:20 September
1579:. Retrieved
1571:
1556:. Retrieved
1542:
1526:. Retrieved
1512:
1509:"Androecium"
1497:
1479:Bibliography
1456:
1449:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1414:
1404:
1393:
1386:cyclanthera.
1385:
1365:
1357:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1311:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1264:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1189:
1184:
1168:
1163:
1148:
1143:
1127:
1122:
1113:
1089:
1083:
1061:
1045:
1044:Stamen of a
1027:
1010:
978:
953:
949:
941:
935:
930:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
907:
896:
888:
882:
876:
870:
865:monadelphous
864:
858:
854:
846:
839:
835:
833:
823:
813:
809:
803:
799:
793:
787:
783:
777:
771:
767:
765:
751:
743:
737:
727:
718:
712:
706:
701:
695:
689:
680:
674:
668:
662:
657:
650:(as in many
643:
634:
627:
625:
610:
596:
589:
583:
579:
577:
572:
568:
564:
562:
557:
553:
547:
541:
537:
531:
529:
523:Phalaenopsis
521:
516:Stamen with
481:
446:
442:pollen grain
429:
425:
421:
419:
408:
391:
387:
377:
371:
329:
321:
274:
261:
247:
234:
222:
206:
200:
194:
191:Triuridaceae
178:
168:
160:
158:
151:
145:
141:
124:
119:
111:
107:
105:
95:
88:
83:
75:
71:
63:
61:
50:
2875:Pollination
2575:Pollen tube
2570:Pollinators
2560:Pollination
2555:Germination
2370:Respiration
2353:Chlorophyll
2199:Pedicellate
2133:Gametophyte
2052:Aestivation
2003:Antheridium
1998:Archegonium
1846:Plasmodesma
1823:Plant cells
1686:Paleobotany
1681:Ethnobotany
1666:Astrobotany
877:diadelphous
820:Apocynaceae
800:distractile
644:epiphyllous
635:epipetalous
617:Terminology
580:staminodium
554:androecious
496:pollination
484:angiosperms
469:Orchidaceae
393:Phyllanthus
388:Cyclanthera
379:Cyclanthera
374:floral axis
237:'Stargazer'
223:Hippeastrum
138:gametophyte
52:Hippeastrum
40:Antheridium
2849:Categories
2597:Microspore
2587:Sporangium
2565:Artificial
2253:Sporophyte
2248:Sporophyll
2243:Receptacle
2138:Gynandrium
2008:Androecium
1917:Vegetative
1787:Angiosperm
1782:Gymnosperm
1676:Dendrology
1558:8 February
1528:6 February
1075:References
950:dorsifixed
897:synandrium
893:Asteraceae
889:synandrous
851:dehiscence
836:androphore
784:divaricate
762:Connective
669:didynamous
611:anther cap
558:gynoecious
543:monoecious
482:Pollen of
322:Androecium
161:androecium
134:microspore
125:connective
84:androecium
18:Monandrous
2794:Botanists
2712:Herbarium
2609:Megaspore
2507:Evolution
2450:Subshrubs
2418:and habit
2343:Nutrition
2338:Cellulose
2333:Bulk flow
2316:Materials
2279:Epidermis
2143:Gynoecium
2124:Endosperm
2119:Dispersal
2035:Staminode
1971:Sessility
1959:Cataphyll
1879:Mesophyll
1831:Cell wall
1772:Lycophyte
1752:Bryophyte
1706:Geobotany
1691:Phycology
1222:: e1653.
954:versatile
936:basifixed
918:sagittate
871:declinate
849:: anther
773:Euphorbia
730:: in two
652:Liliaceae
585:staminode
549:dioecious
457:Ericaceae
440:called a
390:of genus
330:androecia
242:Etymology
208:Trithuria
183:gynoecium
2834:Category
2754:Forestry
2744:Agronomy
2737:Practice
2688:Cultivar
2683:Cultigen
2543:timeline
2435:Rosettes
2323:Aleurone
2299:Trichome
2216:Perianth
2028:Filament
1886:Meristem
1809:glossary
1671:Bryology
1421:3 August
1248:26870611
926:reniform
859:latrorse
855:introrse
847:extrorse
830:Filament
768:discrete
696:included
690:exserted
683:perianth
663:didymous
518:pollinia
477:pollinia
463:family (
461:barberry
455:family (
449:dehisces
396:(family
305:anthērós
262:Filament
211:(family
187:perianth
167:) as in
108:filament
2512:Ecology
2269:Cuticle
2099:Capsule
2089:Anatomy
2040:Tapetum
1964:Petiole
1939:Rhizome
1934:Rhizoid
1861:Tissues
1851:Vacuole
1841:Plastid
1643:Outline
1638:History
1496:(ed.).
1239:4748704
1108:, p. 10
1032:stamens
961:Gallery
922:sinuous
914:rounded
840:connate
812:, e.g.
786:, e.g.
770:, e.g.
754:diagram
713:whorled
639:corolla
603:orchids
599:carpels
538:stamens
533:carpels
526:orchid.
434:haploid
430:tapetum
426:locules
300:ἀνθηρός
295:anthērá
283:anthera
279:anthère
250:is the
175:saguaro
110:and an
76:stamens
72:stamina
2816:Plants
2719:(IAPT)
2472:Lianas
2440:Shrubs
2392:Starch
2284:Nectar
2204:Raceme
2170:Stigma
2158:Locule
2148:Carpel
2109:Pyrena
2047:Flower
2023:Anther
2018:Stamen
2013:Pollen
1735:groups
1627:Botany
1549:
1519:
1464:
1441:
1378:
1246:
1236:
1196:
1175:
1155:
1134:
1100:
910:linear
904:Anther
824:Nerium
805:Salvia
732:whorls
721:petals
707:spiral
648:tepals
628:adnate
622:Stamen
607:column
565:pistil
492:carpel
488:stigma
409:Lilium
315:ánthos
290:ἀνθηρά
275:Anther
248:Stamen
235:Lilium
165:locule
142:Wolfia
130:pollen
120:locule
112:anther
64:stamen
57:pollen
2776:Lists
2693:Group
2616:Spore
2550:Flora
2467:Vines
2462:Trees
2425:Habit
2397:Sugar
2289:Stoma
2231:Sepal
2226:Petal
2221:Tepal
2209:Umbel
2194:Bract
2175:Style
2163:Ovule
2153:Ovary
2094:Berry
2084:Fruit
2077:Whorl
1944:Shoot
1742:Algae
1733:Plant
1492:. In
1216:PeerJ
924:, or
822:. In
789:Tilia
776:pp.,
453:heath
352:oîkos
347:οἶκος
310:ἄνθος
269:filum
252:Latin
170:Canna
2698:Grex
2580:Self
2114:Seed
1976:Stem
1954:Leaf
1929:Root
1924:Bulb
1908:Wood
1869:Cork
1767:Fern
1583:2019
1560:2014
1547:ISBN
1530:2014
1517:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1423:2022
1376:ISBN
1244:PMID
1194:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1098:ISBN
996:Lily
752:see
709:; or
597:The
536:and
471:and
342:anḗr
337:ἀνήρ
256:warp
199:and
150:and
62:The
2387:Sap
2104:Nut
1949:Bud
1372:624
1234:PMC
1224:doi
685:):
582:or
326:pl.
74:or
68:pl.
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