926:
1611:
265:
55:
859:
1550:
1490:. The Persians sued for peace and had to return the Roman provinces they had captured and the stolen relics. In March 629, Heraclius triumphantly returned the True Cross to Jerusalem. Heraclius had promised the Jews pardon for their revolt. However, at the prompting of the Christian leadership, Heraclius went back on his promise. The Jews were expelled from Jerusalem and thousands were massacred.
1887:, p. 175: The capture of Jerusalem by the Persians in the spring of 614 was a tremendous shock to the Christian world. ... Since the days of Constantine the Great, Jerusalem had been the emblem of the Christian empire and seventh-century Jerusalem was in all respects the Christian city par excellence, the emblematic capital of Christianity, and the symbolical center of the world.
1482:, Jerusalem had been the emblematic capital of Christianity and the symbolic center of the world. The Jews gained dominance over Jerusalem, but the Persians found it more expedient to side with the Christians who constituted the overwhelming majority of the population and in 617 the Persians returned the city to them. Meanwhile, the Roman emperor
1779:, p. 50: Diocletian sought to head off potential threats to his personal security but he also saw the potential for improving efficiency by operating through smaller provincial units. Larger provinces were therefore divided, on an ad hoc basis, into smaller entities, each with its own provincial governor, usually called a
1939:, p. 198: He had promised the Jews ... amnesty ..., but was unable to hold to this. At the insistence of the leaders of the Christians, who had not forgotten the period of Jewish rule from 614 to 617, he once more expelled the Jews from Jerusalem and had to allow large numbers of them to be executed.;
1335:
The province of
Palaestina Prima came into existence in the late 4th century through a series of reforms of the Roman provincial administration which subdivided many provinces into smaller administrative units. The intent of these reforms were to circumscribe the ability of provincial governors with
1508:
Greek-speaking
Byzantine Christians and Samaritans dominated the central regions of Palaestina Prima, while Christian Ghassanid Arabs and Nabataean Arabs dominated Palaestina Secunda and Tertia respectively. The Samaritan revolts in the 5th and 6th centuries, and the subsequent suppression of their
1641:. However, with the decline of the Samaritan and Jewish populations through war, emigration and conversion during the 6th and 7th century, the religion declined as well. By the late Byzantine period, fewer synagogues could be found and many were destroyed in violent events. The city of
1831:: At the end of the 4th century, an enlarged Palestine was divided into three provinces: Prima, with its capital at Caesarea; Secunda, with its capital at Scythopolis (Bet SheŹ¾an); and Salutaris, with its capital at Petra or possibly for a time at Elusa.;
1759:: At the end of the 4th century, an enlarged Palestine was divided into three provinces: Prima, with its capital at Caesarea; Secunda, with its capital at Scythopolis (Bet SheŹ¾an); and Salutaris, with its capital at Petra or possibly for a time at Elusa.;
1863:, p. 452: Caesarea Maritima, ..., and, ..., Jerusalem, fell to the Persians in 614. ... huge numbers of Jerusalemās Christian population were slaughtered ..., and the relic of the Cross itself was removed as a trophy;
1847:, p. 195: the Jews appear to have risked an open revolt ... and to have allied themselves with the Persians. Jewish requests for (above all) the return of Jerusalem met with a positive response from the Persians;
1903:, p. 112-3: The city was left in the control of a Jewish administration that lasted from 614 to 617 ... After 617 the Persians concluded that it was politically more constructive to deal with the Christians;
3558:
1911:, p. 153: the Persians soon shifted their favour to the Christians, no doubt recognising that they formed the overwhelming majority in the province and had to be conciliated.
1851:, p. 322: The Sasanids were aided by the local Jewish population, who had suffered under Byzantine Christian rule and hoped for permission to rebuild the Jerusalem temple.
1875:, p. 195: The Persians conquered Jerusalem ... and ... they destroyed a large number of churches, ransacked the city and caused carnage amongst the Christian population.
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1447:
during that period caused a near extinction of the
Samaritan community as well as significant Christian losses. In the late 6th century, Byzantines and their Christian
204:
179:
1336:
strong garrisons to stage revolts and to improve efficiency by reducing the area controlled by each governor. Provinces were clustered into regional groups called
3553:
2806:
787:
2179:
Reinik, Gerrit J. (2002). "Heraclius, the New
Alexander: Apocalyptic Prophecies during the Reign of Heraclius". In G. J. Reinink; Bernard H. Stolte (eds.).
1525:
monk, the Jews together with the pagans, constituted the majority in
Palestine in the 5th century. However, some historians have questioned that claim.
2801:
3573:
2423:
2366:
Drijvers, Jan Willem (2002). "Heraclius and the
Restitutio Crucis: Notes on Symbolism and Ideology". In G. J. Reinink; Bernard H. Stolte (eds.).
1678:
1458:
between the
Byzantine Empire and its eastern rival the Sasanid Empire (Persian Empire) broke out. In 613 the Persians invaded the Levant and the
1622:, attracting numerous monks and religious scholars from the Near East and Southern Europe, and abandoning previous Roman and Hellenistic cults.
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against the
Byzantines, hoping to secure autonomy for Jerusalem. The following year Persian-Jewish forces captured Caesarea and
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1899:, p. 176: They may even have ruled, ..., Jerusalem ... However, ... by 617 the Persians seem to have returned the city;
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1210:
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established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
707:
1927:, p. 112: In March 629, the "True Cross" was carried in splendid procession into Jerusalem by the Emperor Heraclius.
1871:, pp. 81ā2: the bloody sack and destruction of Jerusalem in 614, including the loss of the relic of the True Cross;
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729:
397:
365:
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1867:, p. 2: in 614 Jerusalem fell - the church of the Holy Sepulchre was destroyed and the relic of the Cross taken;
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1597:
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Haldon, John (2002). "The Reign of
Heraclius: a Context for Change?". In G. J. Reinink; Bernard H. Stolte (eds.).
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points out that the region was home to numerous monastic settlements at the time and had a landscape dotted with
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1943:, p. 112: The patriarch of Jerusalem executed those who were known to have taken part in the killings.
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were still at large from the 4th until the 6th centuries, practiced by ethnoreligious communities of
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The
Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon's Temple to the Muslim Conquest
1677:. The church may have been a significant wine producer, as evidenced by archeological sites like
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8:
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36:
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2006:
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1992:
Tilling the Hateful Earth: Agricultural Production and Trade in the Late Antique East
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Byzantine control of the province was again and irreversibly lost in 636, during the
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1150:
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1035:
515:
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104:
67:
2029:
Bar, Doron (2003). "The Christianisation of Rural Palestine during Late Antiquity".
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40:
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communities, took its toll on their numbers. Many also converted to Christianity.
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1721:
1630:
1533:
1475:
1423:
1324:
1165:
1073:
835:
666:
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286:
1443:, a move that gradually escalated into a series of open revolts. The four major
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2848:
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and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
1505:
The population of Palestine reached an all-time peak during the Byzantine era.
1466:, destroying its churches, massacring its Christian population, and taking the
1399:
1391:
1258:
1138:
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601:
542:
311:
81:
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2010:
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1134:
863:
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597:
197:
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3018:
2843:
2617:
2495:
1619:
744:
593:
1990:
1645:
is notable in being one of the last Jewish cities remaining (although the
1618:
During the Byzantine period, Palestina Prima gradually became a center of
3529:
3401:
3368:
3280:
3235:
3109:
3051:
1701:
1522:
1513:
1020:
464:
383:
2079:
Foss, Clive (2003). "The Persians in the Roman Near East (602ā630 AD)".
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54:
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and Christianity found themselves in a hostile environment as well.
1549:
3528: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
3275:
3245:
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2081:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland
1828:
1756:
1740:
1674:
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1623:
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3472:
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3187:
3129:
2892:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
2786:
2781:
2771:
1440:
1403:
1383:
964:
830:
683:
337:
3482:
1670:
1642:
1225:
984:
698:
342:
328:
226:
222:
2306:
Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East
1435:
Despite Christian domination, until the 4th and 5th centuries
3177:
3172:
3152:
1614:
Map detailing Rashidun Caliphates invasion of Levant 634-639.
1419:
1415:
1407:
1379:
1200:
347:
26:
1666:
1638:
2486:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
2369:
The Reign of Heraclius (610-641): Crisis and Confrontation
2182:
The Reign of Heraclius (610-641): Crisis and Confrontation
2061:
The Reign of Heraclius (610-641): Crisis and Confrontation
1346:
and neighboring regions were organized into the provinces
3559:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
2266:
Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 1
1958:
1878:
1486:
began a successful counter-offensive. By 627/8 he was
2922:
1995:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 137ā138.
1794:
1470:
and other relics as trophies to the Persian capital
1806:
1657:Written sources from the Byzantine period describe
2516:
1946:
1327:(Persian Empire) in 614, but re-conquered in 628.
1432:, a diocese grouping the near eastern provinces.
1315:that existed from the late 4th century until the
3545:
2119:The History of the Jews in the Greco-Roman World
1970:
1451:allies took a clear upper hand in the struggle.
2161:A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284-641
1439:developed some autonomy in the hill country of
3554:States and territories established in the 390s
3509:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
2424:
1282:
881:
3532:'s administrative reorganization in 534ā536
2390:Solomon's Temple: Myth, Conflict, and Faith
2245:Imperial Rome AD 284 to 363: The New Empire
1665:as important commercial hubs that exported
1578:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2431:
2417:
1289:
1275:
888:
874:
53:
2466:. Provincial administration reformed and
1598:Learn how and when to remove this message
1474:. The event sent shock-waves through the
1422:, southern Transjordan, and parts of the
3574:Political entities in the Land of Israel
2440:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
2393:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 112ā.
2372:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 175ā190.
2365:
2224:A Military Life of Constantine the Great
2157:
1896:
1884:
1860:
1609:
1528:Depending on the time, either a notable
2386:
2348:Palestine: A Four Thousand Year History
2344:
2241:
2136:
2115:
1964:
1940:
1936:
1924:
1920:
1904:
1900:
1872:
1848:
1844:
1829:Britannica, Palestine - Roman Palestine
1800:
1776:
1757:Britannica, Palestine - Roman Palestine
1741:Britannica, Palestine - Roman Palestine
3546:
2323:
2262:
2220:
2185:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 81ā94.
2178:
2057:
1988:
1868:
1864:
1832:
1772:
1760:
1669:to many places throughout the empire.
1366:(First, Second, and Third Palestine).
59:Byzantine provinces in the 5th century
3462:
3461:
2921:
2515:
2451:
2412:
2302:
2064:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 1ā16.
2031:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History
1824:
1812:
1752:
1426:. These provinces became part of the
2078:
1908:
1576:adding citations to reliable sources
1543:
1488:advancing into the Persian heartland
93:ā¢ division of the Roman Empire
3619:State of Palestine in the Roman era
3599:7th century in the Byzantine Empire
3594:6th century in the Byzantine Empire
3589:5th century in the Byzantine Empire
3584:4th century in the Byzantine Empire
2199:
2158:Mitchell, Stephen (June 11, 2014).
2028:
1976:
1952:
1649:had been converted into a Church).
13:
2387:Balfour, Alan (December 3, 2012).
2269:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks.
1536:military presence would be noted.
14:
3640:
2303:Lewis, Bernard (April 15, 2011).
2137:Magness, Jodi (August 27, 2012).
1374:encompassed the central parts of
1323:. It was temporarily lost to the
2872:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
2498:in c. 640ā660, although in
2203:A History of Palestine, 634-1099
1548:
924:
857:
263:
202:
177:
3564:Holy Land during Byzantine rule
2482:established after the death of
1982:
1930:
1914:
1890:
1500:
1378:, including the coastal plain,
2830:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
2754:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
2248:. Edinburgh University Press.
2206:. Cambridge University Press.
2143:. Cambridge University Press.
1854:
1838:
1818:
1766:
1746:
535:Late Antiquity and Middle Ages
1:
2897:Tripolitania (Roman province)
2475:
2285:"Palestine - Roman Palestine"
1791:ā and administrative capital.
1727:
1512:According to the 6th century
1317:Muslim conquest of the Levant
2221:Hughes, Ian (October 2020).
1236:Israeli Civil Administration
16:Byzantine province (390-636)
7:
3505: Re-established after
2817:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
2452:
1695:
1539:
10:
3645:
2227:. Pen and Sword Military.
2021:
1652:
1330:
27:
23:Provincia Palaestina Prima
3495:
3478:Quaestura exercitus (536)
3468:
3457:
3387:
3294:
3206:
3138:
3095:
3084:
3032:
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2946:
2935:
2931:
2917:
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2815:
2752:
2741:
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2525:
2511:
2458:
2447:
2093:10.1017/S1356186303003055
2043:10.1017/S0022046903007309
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28:į¼ĻĪ±ĻĻĪÆĪ± Ī ĻĻĻĪ· Ī Ī±Ī»Ī±Ī¹ĻĻĪÆĪ½Ī·Ļ
21:
3354:Palaestina III Salutaris
2550:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
1989:Decker, Michael (2009).
1495:Muslim conquest of Syria
1342:. Thus, the province of
1001:Ancient Israel and Judah
422:10th century BCEā587 BCE
412:10th century BCEā720 BCE
366:Ancient Israel and Judah
353:Late Bronze Age collapse
135:Muslim conquest of Syria
3614:Israel in the Roman era
3521: Placed under the
2882:Mauretania Caesariensis
2701:Diocese of the Britains
2351:. Bloomsbury Academic.
2324:Shahin, Mariam (2005).
2289:Encyclopedia Britannica
2116:SchƤfer, Peter (2003).
1321:the region of Palestine
392:12thā10th centuries BCE
3609:630s disestablishments
3364:Phoenice II Libanensis
3067:Macedonia II Salutaris
2480:praetorian prefectures
2442:(4thā7th centuries AD)
2263:ShahƮd, Irfan (1995).
2242:Harries, Jill (2012).
1647:Cave of the Patriarchs
1615:
1394:and included northern
3086:Praetorian prefecture
2961:Noricum mediterraneum
2937:Praetorian prefecture
2887:Mauretania Sitifensis
2782:Picenum Suburbicarium
2743:Praetorian prefecture
2531:Praetorian prefecture
2478: 293. Permanent
2345:Masalha, Nur (2018).
1613:
1480:Constantine the Great
1251:Palestinian Authority
1056:Hellenistic Palestine
1031:Neo-Babylonian Empire
778:Historical literature
773:Historical population
735:ArabāIsraeli conflict
3569:Late Roman provinces
3517:Diocese of Illyricum
3511:Prefecture of Africa
3266:Galatia II Salutaris
3034:Diocese of Macedonia
2924:Eastern Roman Empire
2686:Mauretania Tingitana
2518:Western Roman Empire
2122:. Psychology Press.
1707:History of Palestine
1572:improve this section
1521:, about a wandering
1478:. Since the days of
1414:with its capital in
1370:with its capital in
1364:Palaestina Salutaris
1246:Palestinian enclaves
1231:Military Governorate
750:IranāIsrael conflict
613:Kingdom of Jerusalem
594:Early Islamic period
568:Byzantine Palaestina
446:Second Temple period
3523:Quaestura exercitus
3296:Diocese of the East
3286:Pontus Polemoniacus
2948:Diocese of Pannonia
2777:Lucania et Bruttium
2724:Maxima Caesariensis
2719:Flavia Caesariensis
2330:. Interlink Books.
2200:Gil, Moshe (1997).
1717:Palestina Salutaris
1390:had its capital in
1216:Egyptian Gaza Strip
1211:Jordanian West Bank
1196:Mandatory Palestine
1090:Diocese of the East
1026:Neo-Assyrian Empire
37:Diocese of the East
3604:390 establishments
3374:Syria II Salutaris
3231:Armenian Satrapies
3004:Dacia Mediterranea
2926:(395–c. 640)
2854:Venetia et Histria
2762:Apulia et Calabria
2463:Notitia Dignitatum
2327:Palestine: A Guide
1712:Palaestina Secunda
1616:
1388:Palaestina Secunda
1353:Palaestina Secunda
1242:State of Palestine
1082:Province of Judaea
465:Hellenistic period
279:Prehistoric Levant
118:Persian occupation
3539:
3538:
3501:Septem Provinciae
3491:
3490:
3463:Other territories
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3236:Armenia III (536)
3208:Diocese of Pontus
3198:Phrygia Salutaris
3193:Phrygia Pacatiana
3097:Diocese of Thrace
3080:
3079:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2864:Diocese of Africa
2737:
2736:
2605:Diocese of Vienne
2595:Maxima Sequanorum
2507:
2506:
2400:978-0-470-67495-6
2379:978-90-429-1228-1
2358:978-1-78699-274-1
2316:978-0-8126-9757-5
2276:978-0-88-402214-5
2255:978-0-7486-2052-4
2234:978-1-5267-2426-7
2213:978-0-521-59984-9
2192:978-90-429-1228-1
2171:978-1-118-34106-3
2150:978-0-521-12413-3
2129:978-0-415-30585-3
2071:978-90-429-1228-1
2002:978-0-19-956528-3
1783:ā but in Italy a
1608:
1607:
1600:
1445:Samaritan Revolts
1429:Dioceses Orientis
1412:Palaestina Tertia
1372:Caesarea Maritima
1359:Palaestina Tertia
1299:
1298:
1068:Hasmonean kingdom
1036:Achaemenid Empire
898:
897:
864:Israel portal
713:
658:
641:
640:
526:
525:
516:Jewish-Roman Wars
475:Hasmonean dynasty
436:
435:
408:Kingdom of Israel
333:
283:
237:
236:
214:
213:
210:
209:
190:
189:
105:Samaritan Revolts
68:Caesarea Maritima
3636:
3629:Syria Palaestina
3624:Palaestina Prima
3515: Later the
3499: Later the
3459:
3458:
3437:Thebais Inferior
3432:Thebais Superior
3389:Diocese of Egypt
3379:Theodorias (528)
3241:Armenia IV (536)
3093:
3092:
2996:Diocese of Dacia
2986:Valeria ripensis
2944:
2943:
2933:
2932:
2919:
2918:
2802:Tuscia et Umbria
2750:
2749:
2653:Diocese of Spain
2538:
2537:
2527:
2526:
2513:
2512:
2477:
2460:As found in the
2449:
2448:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2383:
2362:
2341:
2320:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2280:
2259:
2238:
2217:
2196:
2175:
2154:
2133:
2112:
2075:
2054:
2015:
2014:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1918:
1912:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1858:
1852:
1842:
1836:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1770:
1764:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1687:
1629:Variants of the
1603:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1552:
1544:
1518:Life of Barsauma
1368:Palaestina Prima
1348:Palaestina Prima
1344:Syria Palaestina
1319:in the 630s, in
1302:Palaestina Prima
1291:
1284:
1277:
1094:Palaestina Prima
1086:Syria Palaestina
1078:Herodian kingdom
1049:Classical period
945:Natufian culture
928:
918:
900:
899:
890:
883:
876:
862:
861:
860:
783:Economic history
711:
656:
633:Mamluk Sultanate
558:Syria Palaestina
539:
538:
485:Herodian dynasty
451:
450:
418:Kingdom of Judah
402:10th century BCE
371:
370:
332:
282:
267:
257:
239:
238:
206:
205:
194:
193:
185:Syria Palaestina
181:
180:
174:
173:
158:
157:
57:
41:Byzantine Empire
35:Province of the
30:
29:
24:
19:
18:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3535:
3487:
3464:
3441:
3417:Augustamnica II
3383:
3290:
3202:
3140:Diocese of Asia
3134:
3087:
3076:
3062:Macedonia Prima
3028:
2990:
2966:Noricum ripense
2938:
2927:
2901:
2858:
2811:
2744:
2733:
2695:
2647:
2613:Alpes Maritimae
2599:
2585:Lugdunensis III
2542:Diocese of Gaul
2532:
2521:
2520:(395–476)
2503:
2470:established by
2454:
2443:
2437:
2407:
2401:
2380:
2359:
2338:
2317:
2293:
2291:
2277:
2256:
2235:
2214:
2193:
2172:
2151:
2130:
2072:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2003:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1935:
1931:
1923:, p. 198;
1919:
1915:
1907:, p. 198;
1895:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1859:
1855:
1843:
1839:
1827:, p. 155;
1823:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1771:
1767:
1755:, p. 155;
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1722:Iudaea Province
1698:
1690:Horvat Bet Loya
1681:
1655:
1631:Mosaic religion
1604:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1569:
1553:
1542:
1503:
1476:Christian world
1424:Sinai Peninsula
1333:
1325:Sassanid Empire
1295:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1249:
1226:State of Israel
1191:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1142:
1125:Muslim conquest
1120:
1119:
1108:
1107:
1074:Roman Palestine
1051:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1012:
995:Egyptian Empire
980:
979:
978:Ancient history
970:
969:
940:
939:
916:
909:
894:
858:
856:
851:
850:
836:Hebrew calendar
821:
813:
812:
768:Historical maps
763:
755:
754:
708:State of Israel
694:British Mandate
651:
643:
642:
623:Ayyubid dynasty
547:Rabbinic period
536:
528:
527:
448:
438:
437:
428:Babylonian rule
398:United Monarchy
368:
358:
357:
275:
255:
248:
233:
229:
225:
203:
178:
137:
124:
107:
94:
58:
25:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3513:
3503:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3427:Libya Inferior
3424:
3422:Libya Superior
3419:
3414:
3412:Augustamnica I
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3168:Lycaonia (370)
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3009:Dacia Ripensis
3006:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2929:
2928:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Carthaginensis
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2638:Novempopulania
2635:
2633:Narbonensis II
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2590:Lugdunensis IV
2587:
2582:
2580:Lugdunensis II
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2535:
2523:
2522:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2413:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2384:
2378:
2363:
2357:
2342:
2336:
2321:
2315:
2309:. Open Court.
2300:
2281:
2275:
2260:
2254:
2239:
2233:
2218:
2212:
2197:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2155:
2149:
2134:
2128:
2113:
2087:(2): 149ā170.
2076:
2070:
2055:
2037:(3): 401ā421.
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2001:
1981:
1969:
1967:, p. 146.
1957:
1955:, p. 402.
1945:
1929:
1913:
1889:
1877:
1853:
1837:
1817:
1815:, p. 155.
1805:
1793:
1775:, p. 15;
1765:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1654:
1651:
1606:
1605:
1556:
1554:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1502:
1499:
1400:Jezreel Valley
1332:
1329:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1139:Jund al-Urdunn
1129:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1071:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
999:
997:
992:
987:
981:
977:
976:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
941:
935:
934:
933:
930:
929:
921:
920:
911:
910:
903:
896:
895:
893:
892:
885:
878:
870:
867:
866:
853:
852:
849:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
826:Jewish history
822:
819:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
808:Jewish warfare
805:
803:Jewish leaders
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
726:
725:
712:(1948āpresent)
704:
703:
702:
701:
691:
686:
681:
680:
679:
674:
669:
654:Modern history
652:
650:Modern history
649:
648:
645:
644:
639:
638:
635:
629:
628:
625:
619:
618:
615:
609:
608:
605:
590:
589:
586:
585:
584:
583:
582:
577:
564:
563:
560:
554:
553:
550:
543:Late antiquity
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:
524:
523:
520:
519:
507:
506:
503:
502:
501:
500:
499:
494:
481:
480:
477:
471:
470:
467:
461:
460:
457:
449:
444:
443:
440:
439:
434:
433:
430:
424:
423:
420:
414:
413:
410:
404:
403:
400:
394:
393:
390:
389:
388:
387:
386:
369:
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
355:
350:
345:
340:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
260:
259:
250:
249:
242:
235:
234:
220:
216:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
200:
191:
188:
187:
182:
170:
169:
164:
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
132:
129:
128:
125:
115:
112:
111:
108:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
82:Late Antiquity
79:
78:Historical era
75:
74:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
50:
49:
45:
44:
32:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3641:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3542:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3460:
3456:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Palaestina II
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:Cappadocia II
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3226:Armenia Maior
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:Alpes Cottiae
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2691:Tarraconensis
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Narbonensis I
2626:
2624:
2623:Aquitanica II
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:Lugdunensis I
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2484:Constantine I
2481:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2337:1-56656-557-X
2333:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2301:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:Drijvers 2002
1893:
1886:
1885:Drijvers 2002
1881:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:Mitchell 2014
1857:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1803:, p. 51.
1802:
1797:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1742:
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1713:
1710:
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1705:
1703:
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1685:
1680:
1679:Horvat Hesheq
1676:
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1668:
1664:
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1650:
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1644:
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1567:
1566:
1562:
1557:This section
1555:
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1510:
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1498:
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1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:Jews revolted
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1418:included the
1417:
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1405:
1401:
1397:
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1389:
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1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:All-Palestine
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:Jund Filastin
1132:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
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1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
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993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
974:
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958:
956:
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951:
948:
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927:
923:
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891:
886:
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871:
869:
868:
865:
855:
854:
847:
844:
842:
839:
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832:
829:
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801:
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781:
779:
776:
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771:
769:
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765:
759:
758:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
724:
721:
720:
719:
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715:
714:
710:
709:
700:
697:
696:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
678:
675:
673:
672:Mutasarrifate
670:
668:
665:
664:
663:
660:
659:
655:
647:
646:
636:
634:
631:
630:
626:
624:
621:
620:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
603:
599:
595:
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591:
587:
581:
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576:
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572:
571:
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548:
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541:
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531:
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508:
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498:
495:
493:
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489:
488:
487:
486:
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482:
478:
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473:
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468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
456:
455:Persian Yehud
453:
452:
447:
442:
441:
431:
429:
426:
425:
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419:
416:
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411:
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310:
308:
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300:
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295:
293:
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288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
274:Early history
271:
270:
266:
262:
261:
258:
252:
251:
246:
241:
240:
232:
228:
224:
221:
219:Today part of
217:
201:
199:
198:Jund Filastin
196:
195:
192:
186:
183:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
163:
160:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
130:
126:
123:
122:Jewish revolt
119:
113:
109:
106:
100:
96:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
56:
51:
46:
42:
38:
33:
20:
3541:
3483:Spania (552)
3344:Palaestina I
3343:
3324:Euphratensis
3271:Helenopontus
3251:Cappadocia I
3158:Hellespontus
3057:Epirus Vetus
3024:Praevalitana
2939:of Illyricum
2729:Valentia (?)
2714:Britannia II
2618:Aquitanica I
2496:theme system
2461:
2389:
2368:
2347:
2326:
2305:
2294:December 24,
2292:. Retrieved
2288:
2265:
2244:
2223:
2202:
2181:
2160:
2139:
2118:
2084:
2080:
2060:
2034:
2030:
1991:
1984:
1979:, p. 3.
1972:
1965:Masalha 2018
1960:
1948:
1941:Balfour 2012
1937:SchƤfer 2003
1932:
1925:Balfour 2012
1921:SchƤfer 2003
1916:
1905:SchƤfer 2003
1901:Balfour 2012
1892:
1880:
1873:SchƤfer 2003
1856:
1849:Magness 2012
1845:SchƤfer 2003
1840:
1820:
1808:
1801:Harries 2012
1796:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1777:Harries 2012
1768:
1748:
1736:
1656:
1628:
1620:Christianity
1617:
1594:
1585:
1570:Please help
1558:
1527:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:Demographics
1492:
1454:In 602, the
1453:
1434:
1427:
1411:
1398:, the lower
1387:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1334:
1306:Palaestina I
1305:
1301:
1300:
1117:Islamic rule
1093:
745:Silicon Wadi
730:Independence
706:
705:
662:Ottoman rule
653:
574:
511:Roman Judaea
327:
326:
277:
167:Succeeded by
166:
161:
3530:Justinian I
3402:Aegyptus II
3334:Mesopotamia
3281:Paphlagonia
3110:Haemimontus
3088:of the East
3052:Epirus Nova
2976:Pannonia II
2709:Britannia I
2570:Germania II
1869:Reinik 2002
1865:Haldon 2002
1835:, p. 8
1833:Shahin 2005
1773:Hughes 2020
1763:, p. 8
1761:Shahin 2005
1702:Coele-Syria
1682: [
1523:monophysite
1514:hagiography
1396:Transjordan
1392:Scythopolis
1021:Philistines
950:Pre-Pottery
915:History of
841:Archaeology
657:(1517ā1948)
522:6 CEā136 CE
505:37 BCEā6 CE
469:333ā164 BCE
459:538ā333 BCE
432:587ā538 BCE
384:Philistines
374:Iron Age I
254:History of
162:Preceded by
3548:Categories
3507:reconquest
3397:Aegyptus I
3359:Phoenice I
3314:Cilicia II
3221:Armenia II
2971:Pannonia I
2643:Viennensis
2565:Germania I
2560:Belgica II
2500:Asia Minor
2472:Diocletian
1825:Lewis 2011
1813:Lewis 2011
1789:consularis
1787:, later a
1753:Lewis 2011
1728:References
1635:Samaritans
1468:True Cross
1437:Samaritans
1406:, and the
1259:Gaza Strip
1189:Modern era
960:Ghassulian
937:Prehistory
677:Old Yishuv
479:164ā37 BCE
380:Israelites
322:Ghassulian
3309:Cilicia I
3261:Galatia I
3216:Armenia I
3183:Pamphylia
3115:Moesia II
3072:Thessalia
2849:Raetia II
2681:Lusitania
2676:Gallaecia
2666:Balearica
2555:Belgica I
2164:. Wiley.
2109:162252154
2101:0035-869X
2051:0022-0469
2011:316430311
1909:Foss 2003
1785:corrector
1675:vineyards
1559:does not
1484:Heraclius
1472:Ctesiphon
1464:Jerusalem
1456:final war
1449:Ghassanid
1376:Palestine
1310:Byzantine
1255:West Bank
1102:Salutaris
1064:Antigonus
1016:Philistia
990:Phoenicia
917:Palestine
793:Jerusalem
740:Austerity
637:1260ā1517
627:1174ā1260
617:1099ā1291
497:Tetrarchy
307:Yarmukian
292:Mushabian
231:Palestine
3276:Honorias
3246:Bithynia
3019:Moesia I
3014:Dardania
2956:Dalmatia
2877:Byzacena
2844:Raetia I
2792:Sardinia
2767:Campania
2745:of Italy
2468:dioceses
1977:Gil 1997
1953:Bar 2003
1696:See also
1624:Arianism
1588:May 2024
1540:Religion
1339:dioceses
1313:province
1161:Crusader
1131:Rashidun
1060:Seleucus
955:Tahunian
906:a series
904:Part of
762:By topic
718:Timeline
607:638ā1099
598:Filastin
317:Nizzanim
302:Harifian
297:Natufian
245:a series
243:Part of
3473:Taurica
3407:Arcadia
3369:Syria I
3339:Osroene
3329:Isauria
3188:Pisidia
3163:Islands
3130:Thracia
3125:Scythia
3120:Rhodope
2839:Aemilia
2835:Liguria
2807:Valeria
2797:Sicilia
2787:Samnium
2772:Corsica
2661:Baetica
2533:of Gaul
2488:Ravenna
2453:History
2022:Sources
1781:praeses
1659:Ascalon
1653:Economy
1580:removed
1565:sources
1534:Persian
1441:Samaria
1404:Galilee
1384:Samaria
1331:History
1176:Ottoman
1166:Ayyubid
1156:Fatimid
1151:Abbasid
1146:Umayyad
1098:Secunda
965:Jericho
846:Museums
831:Yahwism
820:Related
798:Zionism
788:Judaism
684:Zionism
588:395ā638
580:Secunda
562:136ā395
492:Kingdom
338:Retjenu
287:Kebaran
133:ā¢
127:614ā628
116:ā¢
110:484ā572
103:ā¢
64:Capital
48:395ā636
3525:in 536
3319:Cyprus
3304:Arabia
3105:Europa
3042:Achaea
2492:Africa
2397:
2376:
2355:
2334:
2313:
2273:
2252:
2231:
2210:
2189:
2168:
2147:
2126:
2107:
2099:
2068:
2049:
2009:
1999:
1671:Jerome
1643:Hebron
1410:area.
1402:, the
1382:, and
1356:, and
1308:was a
1221:Israel
1171:Mamluk
1005:Israel
985:Canaan
908:on the
699:Yishuv
667:Eyalet
602:Urdunn
552:70ā638
343:Habiru
329:Canaan
312:Lodian
256:Israel
247:on the
227:Jordan
223:Israel
3579:Judea
3178:Lydia
3173:Lycia
3153:Caria
3047:Creta
2981:Savia
2105:S2CID
1686:]
1530:Roman
1420:Negev
1416:Petra
1408:Golan
1380:Judea
1201:Nakba
1009:Judah
723:Years
575:Prima
348:Shasu
3148:Asia
2490:and
2395:ISBN
2374:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2332:ISBN
2311:ISBN
2296:2020
2271:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2187:ISBN
2166:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2124:ISBN
2097:ISSN
2066:ISBN
2047:ISSN
2007:OCLC
1997:ISBN
1688:and
1667:wine
1663:Gaza
1661:and
1639:Jews
1637:and
1563:any
1561:cite
689:OETA
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