19:
123:
147:
187:
159:
330:
until his death in 1512. A special position was created for
Vespucci, the "pilot major" (chief of navigation) in 1508. He had the responsibility of training new pilots for ocean voyages. His nephew Juan Vespucci inherited his famous uncle's maps, charts, and nautical instruments, and was appointed to
382:
was cosmographer major in
Seville. He produced a master map and twelve subsidiary maps portraying the worldwide Spanish Empire in cartographic form. This feat surpassed anything done by other European powers at that time. However, this marked the end of Spain's supremacy in mapmaking. After the work
289:
navigation charts of the
Mediterranean. The coastlines have many toponyms identifying particular places as well as claiming them for Spain. Ribeiro's map also has rudimentary latitude lines, a line marking the equator, the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, as well as the Arctic and Antarctic circles
281:, and was given to the Pope by Charles V of Spain in 1529. The large Vatican map (83.8 cm x 203.2 cm.) is on vellum, and thought to be one of the presentation copies made in the 1520s when Spain and Portugal were in a boundary dispute. The chart has a number of
358:
published a remarkable map entitled "Americae ... Descriptio" in
Antwerp. The reason it was published in Antwerp instead of Spain was that the Spanish engravers did not have the necessary skill to print such a complicated document. Other cosmographers included
353:
Mapmaker Diego Gutiérrez was named cosmographer in the Casa de la
Contratación by royal appointment on October 22, 1554, after the death of his father Diego in January 1554, and worked on the Padrón General. In 1562,
223:
then plotted this information on their maps. When a new ship was setting out, they would then be given charts which were copied from the master map, the Padrón Real, which was later called the Padrón
General.
241:
Almost none of these maps have survived, but there were occasionally copies made for foreign princes and dignitaries, and some of them still exist. For example, in the
Biblioteca Medicea-Laurenziana in
517:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2011, pp.33-34. There is a reproduction of the map, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Borgiana 111,0 as well as two detail images of the map in Padrón's article.
313:
This enterprise was a huge undertaking, and it was taken very seriously. Without good navigational aids, the ability of Spain to exploit and profit from its discoveries would have been limited. The
234:'s circumnavigation of the globe or after Spanish explorations in North America. Other revisions to the royal chart were directed by royal chartmakers Alonso de Chaves during 1536 and by
277:
There are a few other examples of these world maps copied from the Padrón Real that were given to various German princes. The most impressive copy of the Padrón Real is in the
319:
had a large number of cartographers and navigators (pilots), archivists, record keepers, administrators and others involved in producing and managing the Padrón Real.
379:
368:
372:
668:
364:
360:
82:), was the official and secret Spanish master map used as a template for the maps present on all Spanish ships during the 16th century. It was kept in
331:
Amerigo's former position as official
Spanish government pilot at Seville. In 1524, Juan Vespucci was appointed Examiner of Pilots, replacing
209:
The Padrón Real was constantly improved from its first version in 1507/08. It was produced by the
Seville-based Spanish organization, the
629:
530:
497:
526:"Introduction" (for exhibit "Florida, the Making of a State"), Broward County Libraries, Florida, March 2002, webpage:
219:, together with latitudes and longitudes. The ship's officers were put under oath before they testified. The pilots at the
383:
of
Velasco, others such as the English, Dutch and French were better able to organize and present geographic information.
658:
290:
all of which are relatively new innovations of the era. It contains no imagined information where none was available.
215:, established in 1503. All returning ships had to report any details of new lands or discoveries they had made to the
355:
171:
663:
493:"Marvellous countries and lands" (Notable Maps of Florida, 1507-1846), Ralph E. Ehrenberg, 2002, webpage:
255:
397:
227:
194:
163:
103:
230:, who entered Spanish service in 1518, prepared several versions of the chart, during 1525 to 1532, after
134:
and its supposed antimeridian. Made by Nuño García de Toreno, it was given by Charles V to the cardinal
90:. Ship pilots were required to use a copy of the official government chart, or risk the penalty of a 50
332:
107:
270:, there is another similar world map, produced about the same time and given by the Emperor to Count
190:
315:
211:
87:
644:, including information about his work on the Padrón Real and politics associated with the map.
271:
151:
41:
641:
611:
437:
597:
231:
98:. Well-known official cartographers and pilots who contributed to and used the map included
95:
343:
247:
235:
139:
127:
111:
527:
494:
8:
29:
547:
Davies, Arthur (1954). "The Egerton MS. 2803 Map and the Padrón Real of Spain in 1510".
564:
470:
18:
259:
135:
94:
fine. The map probably included a large-scale chart that hung on the wall of the old
37:
556:
462:
323:
131:
99:
74:
57:
338:
In the 1530s and 1540s, the principal mapmakers (known as "cosmographers") in the
298:
293:
The Padrón Real was similar in principle to the Portuguese secret master map, the
534:
501:
413:- An exhibit of Padron Real was March 2002, as "Florida, the Making of a State".
347:
278:
202:
83:
560:
466:
294:
652:
326:, who made at least two voyages to the New World, was a pilot working at the
33:
578:
201:, known as the Propaganda Map or Second Borgia Map. The original is in the
603:
392:
251:
36:, believed to have been a copy of the Spanish standard map drafted under
621:"The Dating of the Oldest Portuguese Charts", Alfredo Pinheiro Marques,
246:, there is a map believed to be copied from the Padrón Real called the "
568:
474:
282:
122:
638:, David Buisseret, "Encounters", February 1992, No. 8, pp. 14–19.
305:
in 1500 (or 1501 according to some sources), and lasted until 1755.
574:
286:
243:
146:
186:
179:
302:
267:
263:
175:
91:
453:
True, David O. (1956). "Cabot Explorations in North America".
158:
28:(1523), the first known map to show the discoveries of the
266:, in 1526. In the archive of the Marchesi Castiglione in
632:", Arthur Dürst, Cartographica Helvetica 6 (1992) 8–16.
436:"The story of maps", Lloyd Arnold Brown, 1979, page
301:, or House of Índia, which had been established in
254:map was probably given by the Holy Roman Emperor
650:
335:who was then leading an expedition in Brazil.
23:
515:Mapping Latin America: A Cartographic Reader
669:Spanish exploration in the Age of Discovery
297:, developed by the Portuguese organization
285:lines and compass roses found in medieval
440:: notes 1527 Padron General, old Alcazar.
185:
157:
145:
121:
17:
625:, Vol. 41, 1989 (1989), pp. 87–97.
342:working on the Padrón General included
651:
546:
513:Ricardo Padrón, "Charting Shores" in
489:
487:
485:
479:notes General "after August 2, 1527".
448:
446:
432:
430:
428:
426:
73:
56:
452:
65:), known after 2 August 1527 as the
598:Note on the Castiglioni Planisphere
520:
13:
607:, Vol. 11, (1954), pp. 53–55.
482:
443:
423:
14:
680:
540:
138:, who officiated his wedding to
172:Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek
507:
504:: notes some head mapmakers.
1:
630:Brazil depicted in early maps
589:
114:, and Juan Lopez de Velasco.
418:- The main sources include:
398:Cartography of Latin America
308:
7:
642:Sebastian Cabot's biography
386:
32:and the full extent of the
25:Geocarta Nautica Universale
10:
685:
659:Historic maps of the world
636:Spain Maps Her "New World"
378:In the late 16th century,
117:
561:10.1080/03085695408592057
467:10.1080/03085695608592121
170:. The original is in the
75:[paˈðɾoŋxeneˈɾal]
403:
616:Encyclopædia Britannica
346:, Sebastian Cabot, and
130:(c. 1525), marking the
272:Baldassare Castiglione
206:
183:
155:
143:
58:[paˈðɾonreˈal]
54:Spanish pronunciation:
45:
42:Royal Library of Turin
24:
664:16th century in Spain
380:Juan Lopez de Velasco
232:Juan Sebastian Elcano
189:
161:
149:
125:
21:
601:, Armando Cortesao,
573:also mentions the
344:Alonso de Santa Cruz
340:Casa de Contratación
328:Casa de Contratación
316:Casa de Contratación
248:Salviati Planisphere
236:Alonzo de Santa Cruz
221:Casa de Contratación
217:Casa de Contratación
212:Casa de Contratación
154:world map (c. 1525).
140:Isabella of Portugal
128:Salviati Planisphere
112:Alonzo de Santa Cruz
88:Casa de Contratación
40:and now held by the
375:(Diego's brother).
142:at Seville in 1526.
30:Magellan Expedition
533:2011-07-18 at the
500:2017-12-23 at the
369:Jerónimo de Chaves
207:
184:
156:
144:
96:Alcázar of Seville
46:
417:
412:
260:Giovanni Salviati
136:Giovanni Salviati
38:Giovanni Vespucci
676:
582:
572:
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511:
505:
491:
480:
478:
450:
441:
434:
416:
411:
373:Sancho Gutiérrez
365:Francisco Falero
361:Alonso de Chaves
324:Amerigo Vespucci
193:'s facsimile of
132:Tordesillas Line
100:Amerigo Vespucci
80:General Register
77:
72:
60:
55:
27:
684:
683:
679:
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675:
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649:
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592:
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577:Atlas and 1516
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541:
535:Wayback Machine
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521:
512:
508:
502:Wayback Machine
492:
483:
451:
444:
435:
424:
414:
409:
406:
389:
356:Diego Gutiérrez
348:Pedro de Medina
333:Sebastian Cabot
311:
279:Vatican Library
203:Vatican Library
199:Carta Universal
168:Carta Universal
120:
108:Sebastian Cabot
70:
53:
12:
11:
5:
682:
672:
671:
666:
661:
646:
645:
639:
633:
626:
619:
612:House of India
608:
593:
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584:
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119:
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84:Seville, Spain
67:Padrón General
63:Royal Register
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
681:
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299:Casa da Índia
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280:
275:
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249:
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237:
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229:
228:Diego Ribeiro
225:
222:
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204:
200:
196:
195:Diogo Ribeiro
192:
188:
181:
177:
173:
169:
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164:Diogo Ribeiro
162:Facsimile of
160:
153:
148:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
115:
113:
109:
105:
104:Diogo Ribeiro
101:
97:
93:
89:
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81:
76:
68:
64:
59:
51:
43:
39:
35:
34:Pacific Ocean
31:
26:
20:
16:
635:
622:
615:
602:
596:
579:Carta Marina
552:
548:
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509:
458:
454:
408:
377:
352:
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337:
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321:
314:
312:
292:
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262:, the papal
258:to Cardinal
240:
226:
220:
216:
210:
208:
198:
167:
79:
66:
62:
49:
47:
15:
623:Imago Mundi
604:Imago Mundi
549:Imago Mundi
455:Imago Mundi
393:Cartography
322:The famous
295:Padrão Real
252:planisphere
152:Castiglione
50:Padrón Real
653:Categories
590:References
555:: 47–52.
461:: 11–25.
309:Mapmakers
256:Charles V
238:in 1542.
575:Portolan
531:Archived
498:Archived
387:See also
287:portolan
250:". This
244:Florence
197:'s 1529
166:'s 1527
71:Spanish:
569:1150174
475:1150236
415:
410:
180:Germany
118:Origins
86:by the
567:
473:
303:Lisbon
268:Mantua
264:nuncio
191:Griggs
176:Weimar
92:doblas
565:JSTOR
495:BLib3
471:JSTOR
404:Notes
283:rhumb
150:The
126:The
48:The
22:The
614:",
557:doi
528:BL2
463:doi
438:143
174:in
655::
563:.
553:11
551:.
484:^
469:.
459:13
457:.
445:^
425:^
371:,
367:,
363:,
350:.
274:.
178:,
110:,
106:,
102:,
78:,
61:,
628:"
618:.
610:"
581:.
571:.
559::
537:.
477:.
465::
205:.
182:.
69:(
52:(
44:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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