442:. The clouds were broken at 2,000 ft (610 m) AMSL with tops at 4,000 ft (1,200 m) and an overcast layer at 11,000 ft (3,400 m) AMSL. The temperature is −14 degrees Celsius and the winds are from the northeast (030 degrees true) at 45 kn (83 km/h). There is moderate clear air turbulence between 6,000 ft (1,800 m) and 8,000 ft (2,400 m). There is light rime icing between 2,000 ft (610 m) and 4,000 ft (1,200 m). Note this would indicate that the icing is picked up in the cloud. The remarks section says that light freezing rain was encountered in the cloud.
340:
Turbulence (/TB) and the intensity are reported in a PIREP based on the aircraft and occupants reaction to the turbulence. The altitude of the turbulence should be included using three-digit groups. When the top or the base of the turbulence is unknown then the abbreviation BLO (below) or ABV (above)
325:
layer amounts and the height of the cloud base. The tops of the cloud layers can also be included, as can more than one layer of cloud. Heights are in hundreds of feet above sea level and are three digits. Abbreviations used in this group are "CLR" (clear), "FEW" (few), "SCT" (scattered), "BKN"
310:
The flight level (/FL) is reported as either a three digit value that indicates the altitude of the aircraft above sea level in hundreds of feet or can be one of three abbreviations: DURD (during descent or on approach), DURC (during climb or after takeoff) and UNKN (unknown).
140:
Although the actual form used to record the PIREP may differ from one country to another, the standards and criteria will remain almost the same. At a minimum the PIREP must contain a header, aircraft location, time, flight level, aircraft type and one other field.
329:
Temperature (/TA) is the air temperature in whole degrees
Celsius as a two-digit value, with negative temperatures preceded by a minus (-) sign. In the United States, negative temperatures are preceded by the letter M (M).
1167:
136:
to the nearest ground station, but other options (e.g. electronic submission) also exist in some regions. The message would then be encoded and relayed to other weather offices and air traffic service units.
84:
1010:
370:
The above explanation of PIREP fields is
Canadian. The United States version may also include a weather (/WX) group, while other countries may use other groups and measurements.
158:
UA or UUA used to identify the PIREP as routine or urgent (In Canada this is indicated by the prefix to the PIREP: "UACN01" for an urgent PIREP or "UACN10" for a normal PIREP)
292:
The location (/OV) can be reported in one of three ways: as a direction and distance from a navigation aid (NAVAID), as a direction and distance from an airport, or as the
352:", or "MXD" (mixed). The intensity is reported as "TR" (trace), "LGT" (light), "MDT" (moderate), and "SVR" (severe). (Units are measured in MSL - MEAN SEA LEVEL)
1122:
333:
Wind velocity (/WV) must contain both the wind speed and direction. Direction is reported as a three-digit value in whole degrees true and the wind speed in
482:
The aircraft was 10 nmi (19 km) east (090 degrees radial) of the London VOR at 2120 UTC. The aircraft was at 3,000 ft (910 m) and was a
1162:
1003:
509:
are required to solicit PIREPs upon request of other facilities or pilots, or when any of the following conditions exists or is forecast in their area.
736:
91:
1137:
655:
355:
Remarks (/RM) report on other weather conditions that are not covered in the rest of the PIREP may include such things as icing in precipitation,
1142:
996:
249:
are reports of actual weather conditions of an aircraft in flight. AIREPs are often automated reports, contrary to PIREPs. Likewise, a different
601:
399:
UA /OV YSP 090025 /TM 2120 /FL050 /TP BE99 /SK 020BKN040 110OVC /TA -14 /WV 030045 /TB MDT CAT 060-080 /IC LGT RIME 020-040 /RM LGT FZRA INC
549:
At least once hourly, terminal controllers must obtain a descent/climb-out PIREP, including cloud information and other related phenomena.
341:
should be used. Turbulence should be reported as LGT (light), MDT (moderate), SVR (severe) or in exceptional cases EXTRM (extreme).
261:
The message identifier "UA" is used when the PIREP contains non-hazardous weather information. If the PIREP contains a report of a
729:
486:. The pilot reported moderate turbulence. The remarks says that the turbulence was below 5,000 ft (1,500 m) between
1257:
1127:
348:
Icing (/IC) is reported by type and the intensity or rate of accretion. The type of ice is reported as "CLR" (clear), "
988:
1172:
1157:
1047:
722:
77:
676:
634:
1213:
1198:
1193:
1177:
1218:
580:
1262:
746:
561:– aircraft meteorological data relay, a WMO FM-42 code for an automatic meteorological report from an aircraft
1252:
714:
435:
65:
378:
These examples are taken from the
Canadian MANOBS (Manual of Surface Weather Observations) published by
697:
304:
165:
144:
In recent years, a PIREP will also include UA or UUA used to identify the PIREP as routine or urgent.
1052:
431:
1152:
887:
827:
703:
367:
conditions. There are many other types of weather conditions that could be reported in a PIREP.
867:
506:
683:. Federal Aviation Administration. September 5, 2024. 7-1-18. Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs).
129:
17:
161:/OV location of the PIREP, in relation to a NAVAID, an aerodrome or geographical coordinates
792:
342:
8:
1168:
Research Moored Array for
African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA)
1132:
837:
214:
203:
1018:
487:
379:
360:
1067:
927:
917:
782:
491:
428:
278:
228:
967:
912:
817:
427:
Aircraft observation was 25 nmi (46 km) east (090 degrees radial) of the
121:
1042:
1020:
947:
942:
907:
852:
777:
473:
462:
UA /OV YUX 09010 /TM 2120 /FL030 /TP C172 /TB MDT /RM MDT TURB BLO 050 CYKF CYXU
183:
at the time the PIREP is filed; it is essential for turbulence and icing reports
513:
1246:
972:
957:
862:
626:
364:
356:
744:
1087:
962:
952:
842:
542:
522:
266:
172:
1058:
Binary
Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data (BUFR)
116:. Reports commonly include information about atmospheric conditions (like
932:
922:
902:
892:
857:
802:
410:
334:
117:
937:
882:
877:
872:
847:
822:
812:
787:
757:
537:
528:
483:
439:
438:
at 2120 UTC. The aircraft was at 5,000 ft (1,500 m) and is a
286:
274:
270:
221:
210:
125:
132:
or ground equipment failures). This information is usually relayed by
1062:
807:
772:
767:
762:
424:: these are the Flight Information Regions where the PIREP was issued
349:
297:
197:
180:
112:
is a report of actual flight or ground conditions encountered by an
977:
625:
Homepage, NOAA's
National Weather Service-Aviation Weather Center.
421:
293:
250:
186:/TP aircraft type; it is essential for turbulence and icing reports
176:
113:
1147:
1072:
797:
417:
262:
224:; intensity, whether it occurred in or near clouds, and duration
1223:
1208:
1203:
575:
570:
60:
40:
1123:
1163:
Prediction and
Research Moored Array in the Atlantic (PIRATA)
1077:
897:
832:
564:
558:
322:
133:
50:
45:
1224:
Tropospheric
Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting (TAMDAR)
1057:
605:
315:
282:
1138:
1143:
Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART)
567:– ARINC Communications Addressing and Reporting System
190:
1019:Earth-based meteorological observation systems and
656:"AC 00-45H - Aviation Weather Services - Change 2"
1244:
519:Visibility at or less than 5 miles (8.0 km)
164:/TM time the PIREP was received from the pilot (
1173:Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project (TAO/TRITON)
602:"Historic pilot report made on way to Oshkosh"
1004:
730:
85:
747:meteorological equipment and instrumentation
476:, issued at 2133 UTC on the 3rd of the month
289:hazard, the identifier "UUA" would be used.
413:issued at 2128 UTC on the 19th of the month
1128:Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)
1011:
997:
737:
723:
92:
78:
1158:Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS)
671:
669:
314:Aircraft type (/TP) will be the approved
1199:Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN)
479:The Flight Information Region is Toronto
1214:Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS)
1194:Citizen Weather Observer Program (CWOP)
1078:Meteorological Aerodrome Report (METAR)
209:/WV wind vector referenced in terms of
27:Firsthand aeronautical condition report
14:
1245:
1219:Road Weather Information System (RWIS)
666:
321:Sky cover (/SK) is used to report the
1104:
1031:
992:
718:
599:
516:at or below 5,000 feet (1,500 m)
373:
318:designator, or UNKN if not reported.
624:
500:
191:Optional (at least one is required)
24:
25:
1274:
1048:Automated airport weather station
704:"Aeronautical Information Manual"
691:
307:time that the PIREP is reported.
236:/WX flight visibility and weather
1178:Voluntary observing ship program
534:Icing of light degree or greater
147:
1053:Automatic weather station (AWS)
681:Aeronautical Information Manual
637:from the original on 2021-01-03
627:"AWC - Aviation Weather Center"
581:Aeronautical Information Manual
326:(broken) and "OVC" (overcast).
648:
618:
600:Marsh, Alton K. (2014-07-28).
593:
409:Routine upper air report from
128:) or airport conditions (like
13:
1:
1153:Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)
1105:
586:
531:of moderate degree or greater
206:; important for icing reports
152:
7:
1258:Earth sciences data formats
1032:
552:
303:The time (/TM) used is the
10:
1279:
1186:
1148:FluxNet Project (FluxNet)
1115:
1111:
1100:
1038:
1027:
753:
253:is used for either type.
698:FAA Pilot Weather Report
247:Aircraft Reports (AIREP)
240:
1209:Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL)
1043:Aircraft report (AIREP)
828:Ice accretion indicator
631:www.aviationweather.gov
507:air traffic controllers
256:
868:Present weather sensor
337:also in three digits.
217:(in the United States)
130:runway condition codes
1263:Aviation publications
525:and related phenomena
472:Routine message from
1253:Aviation meteorology
1083:Pilot report (PIREP)
793:Dark adaptor goggles
345:is reported as CAT.
343:Clear-air turbulence
204:ambient temperature
838:Lightning detector
456:UACN10 CYXU 032133
393:UACN10 CYQT 192128
380:Environment Canada
374:Examples of PIREPs
33:Aviation briefings
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1096:
1095:
1068:Hurricane Hunters
986:
985:
928:Thermo-hygrograph
918:Sunshine recorder
783:Ceiling projector
501:Soliciting PIREPs
300:of the aircraft.
285:, or a low-level
102:
101:
16:(Redirected from
1270:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1101:
1029:
1028:
1021:weather stations
1013:
1006:
999:
990:
989:
968:Whole sky camera
913:Stevenson screen
818:Heat flux sensor
739:
732:
725:
716:
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30:
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1242:
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1228:
1182:
1107:
1092:
1034:
1023:
1017:
987:
982:
948:Weather balloon
943:Transmissometer
908:Sounding rocket
853:Pan evaporation
778:Ceiling balloon
749:
743:
702:
694:
689:
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675:
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654:
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361:St. Elmo's fire
259:
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28:
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5:
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692:External links
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215:magnetic north
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1187:United States
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973:Wind profiler
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958:Weather radar
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863:Pyrheliometer
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710:. 2024-09-05.
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695:
682:
678:
677:"Meteorology"
672:
670:
662:. 2022-12-22.
661:
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523:Thunderstorms
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357:thunderstorms
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301:
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276:
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264:
254:
252:
248:
245:Like PIREPs,
235:
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201:
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185:
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148:Included data
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127:
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115:
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107:
95:
90:
88:
83:
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54:
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47:
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39:
38:
37:
36:
32:
31:
19:
1204:NEXRAD radar
1088:Weather ship
1082:
963:Weather vane
953:Weather buoy
843:Nephelometer
745:Earth-based
707:
680:
659:
650:
639:. Retrieved
630:
620:
609:. Retrieved
595:
548:
543:Volcanic ash
504:
469:Decoded as:
406:Decoded as:
377:
369:
354:
347:
339:
332:
328:
320:
313:
309:
302:
291:
267:funnel cloud
260:
246:
244:
173:flight level
143:
139:
109:
106:pilot report
105:
103:
55:
933:Thermometer
923:Tethersonde
903:Solarimeter
893:Snow pillow
858:Pyranometer
803:Disdrometer
505:In the US,
494:and London.
411:Thunder Bay
233:/RM remarks
213:(ICAO), or
118:temperature
1247:Categories
938:Tide gauge
883:Snow gauge
878:Rain gauge
873:Radiosonde
848:Nephoscope
823:Hygrometer
813:Field mill
788:Ceilometer
758:Anemometer
641:2020-12-07
611:2015-01-24
587:References
538:Wind shear
529:Turbulence
484:Cessna 172
420:and WG is
287:wind shear
275:turbulence
271:waterspout
222:turbulence
211:true north
126:turbulence
1116:Worldwide
1106:By region
1063:Dropsonde
888:Snowboard
808:Dropsonde
773:Barometer
768:Barograph
763:Atmometer
488:Kitchener
298:longitude
277:, severe
273:, severe
198:sky cover
181:sea level
153:Mandatory
978:Windsock
635:Archived
553:See also
514:Ceilings
492:Waterloo
440:Beech 99
429:Marathon
422:Winnipeg
294:latitude
251:encoding
177:altitude
114:aircraft
1073:Mesonet
1033:General
798:Dewcell
708:faa.gov
660:FAA.gov
418:Toronto
365:frontal
263:tornado
576:AIRMET
571:SIGMET
545:clouds
474:London
416:YZ is
386:PIREP:
179:above
61:SIGMET
41:AIRMET
898:SODAR
833:Lidar
565:ACARS
559:AMDAR
449:PIREP
396:YZ WG
335:knots
323:cloud
279:icing
241:AIREP
229:icing
134:radio
122:icing
110:PIREP
56:PIREP
51:NOTAM
46:METAR
18:PIREP
1133:Argo
606:AOPA
363:and
350:RIME
316:ICAO
296:and
283:hail
257:Body
227:/IC
220:/TB
202:/TA
196:/SK
171:/FL
436:DME
432:VOR
305:UTC
175:or
166:UTC
108:or
66:TAF
1249::
706:.
679:.
668:^
658:.
633:.
629:.
604:.
459:YZ
382:.
359:,
281:,
269:,
265:,
124:,
120:,
104:A
1012:e
1005:t
998:v
738:e
731:t
724:v
644:.
614:.
490:/
434:/
168:)
93:e
86:t
79:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.