PIAT - Knowledge

628: 524:

then developed a shaped charge bomb with a propellant charge in its tail, which fitted into a shoulder-fired launcher that consisted of a metal casing containing a large spring and a spigot; the bomb was placed into a trough at the front of the casing, and when the trigger was pulled the spigot rammed into the tail of the bomb and fired it out of the casing and up to approximately 140 metres (150 yd) away. Blacker called the weapon the 'Baby Bombard', and presented it to the War Office in 1941. However, when the weapon was tested it proved to have a host of problems; a War Office report of June 1941 stated that the casing was flimsy and the spigot itself did not always fire when the trigger was pulled, and none of the bombs provided exploded upon contact with the target.

594: 912: 644:) and quarter-turn the weapon to unlock the body and simultaneously lock the spigot rod to the butt; the user would then have to bend over and pull the body of the weapon upwards, thereby pulling the spring back until it attached to the trigger sear and cocking the weapon. Once this was achieved, the body was then lowered and quarter-turned to reattach it to the rest of the weapon, and the PIAT could then be fired. Users of a small stature often found the cocking sequence challenging, as they did not have the sufficient height required to pull the body up far enough to cock the weapon; it was also difficult to do when lying in a 1361: 692:) that might endanger friendly troops and give the user's position away, this also meant that the PIAT could be used in confined spaces as in urban warfare; compared to the previous anti-tank rifles the muzzle blast was minimal, also a potential concealment issue. However, the weapon did have drawbacks. It was very heavy and bulky, which meant that it was often unpopular with infantry required to carry it. There were also problems with early ammunition reliability and accuracy. Although the PIAT was theoretically able to penetrate approximately 100 millimetres (4 in) of armour, field experience during the 801: 1289: 1172: 1185: 1424: 1146: 431:, a Swiss engineer, had developed this technology even further and created shaped charge ammunition. This consisted of a recessed metal cone placed into an explosive warhead; when the warhead hit its target, the explosive detonated and turned the cone into an extremely high-speed spike. The speed of the spike, and the immense pressure it caused on impact allowed it to create a small hole in armour plating and send a large pressure wave and large amounts of fragments into the interior of the target. It was this technology that was used in the 391:. However, neither of these was particularly effective as an anti-tank weapon. The No. 68 anti-tank grenade was designed to be fired from a discharger fitted onto the muzzle of an infantryman's rifle, but this meant that the grenade was too light to deal significant damage, resulting in it rarely being used in action. The Boys was also inadequate in the anti-tank role. It was heavy, which meant that it was difficult for infantry to handle effectively, and was outdated; by 1940 it was effective only at short ranges, and then only against 1198: 664: 564: 1159: 1398: 1411: 1330: 499: 602:

team, the second man acting as an ammunition carrier and loader. The body of the PIAT launcher was a tube constructed out of thin sheets of steel, containing the spigot mechanism, trigger mechanism and firing spring. At the front of the launcher was a small trough in which the bomb was placed, and the movable spigot ran along the axis of the launcher and into the trough. Padding for the user's shoulder was fitted to the other end of the launcher, and rudimentary

1348: 1276: 439: 511: 1224: 1301: 1241: 1077: 1254: 1211: 40: 1386: 477:, but it was turned down in favour of a Spanish design. Undeterred, however, Blacker continued with his experiments and decided to try to invent a hand-held anti-tank weapon based on the spigot design, but found that the spigot could not generate sufficient velocity needed to penetrate armour. But he did not abandon the design, and eventually came up with the 696:, which was substantiated by trials conducted during 1944, demonstrated that this capability was often nullified by problems of accuracy and round reliability. During these trials, a skilled user was unable to hit a target more than 60% of the time at 100 yards (90 m), and faulty fuses meant that only 75% of the bombs fired detonated on-target. 675:

Tactical training emphasized that it was best used with surprise and concealment on the side of the PIAT team, and where possible enemy armoured vehicles should be engaged from the flank or rear. Due to the short engagement distances and the power of the bomb, the crew could be in the bomb blast zone

554:

took the Shoulder Gun down to a firing range, aimed it at an armoured target, and pulled the trigger; the Shoulder Gun pierced a hole in the target, but unfortunately also wounded the Warrant Officer when a piece of metal from the exploding round flew back and hit him. Jefferis himself then took the

523:

When Blacker became aware of the existence of shaped charge ammunition, he realized that it was exactly the kind of ammunition he was looking for to develop a hand-held anti-tank weapon, as it depended upon the energy contained within itself, and not the sheer velocity at which it was fired. Blacker

472:

system. Instead of a barrel, there was a steel rod known as a 'spigot' fixed to a baseplate, and the bomb itself had a propellant charge inside its tail. When the mortar was to be fired, the bomb was pushed down onto the spigot, which exploded the propellant charge and blew the bomb into the air. By

791:

The 1943 manual simply describes the service bomb as "H.E." or "HE/AT" and does not mention shaped charge as such. It notes that the bomb has "Excellent penetration. The bomb can penetrate the armour of the latest known types of enemy A.F.Vs. and a considerable thickness of reinforced concrete". It

339:

role. The PIAT had several advantages over other infantry anti-tank weapons of the period: it had greatly increased penetration power over the previous anti-tank rifles, it had no back-blast which might reveal the position of the user or accidentally injure friendly soldiers around the user, and it

687:

Despite the difficulties in cocking and firing the weapon, it did have several advantages. The Spigot mortar design allowed a large calibre powerful shaped charge bomb giving greatly increased penetration power over the previous anti-tank rifles, allowing it to remain effective for the rest of the

655:

When the trigger was pulled, the spring pushed the spigot rod (which has a fixed firing pin on the end) forwards into the bomb, which aligned the bomb, ignited the propellant cartridge in the bomb and launched it along the rod and into the air. The recoil caused by the detonation of the propellant

575:

There was disagreement over the name to be given to the new weapon. A press report in 1944 gave credit for both the PIAT and the Blacker Bombard to Jefferis. Blacker took exception to this and suggested to Jefferis that they should divide any award equally after his expenses had been deducted. The

601:

The PIAT was 39 inches (0.99 m) long and weighed 32 pounds (15 kg), with an effective direct fire range of approximately 115 yards (105 m) and a maximum indirect fire range of 350 yards (320 m). It could be carried and operated by one man, but was usually assigned to a two-man

481:, a swivelling spigot-style system that could launch a 20-pound (9 kg) bomb approximately 100 yards (90 m). Although the bombs it fired could not actually penetrate armour, they could still severely damage tanks, and in 1940 a large number of Blacker Bombards were issued to the 531:, which was given the task of developing and delivering weapons for use by guerrilla and resistance groups in Occupied Europe. Shortly after the trial of the Baby Bombard, Blacker was posted to other duties, and left the anti-tank weapon in the hands of a colleague in the department, 449:

Although the technology existed, it remained for British designers to develop a system that could deliver shaped charge ammunition in a larger size and with a greater range than that possessed by the No. 68. At the same time that Mohaupt was developing shaped charge ammunition,

414:

Due to these limits, a new infantry anti-tank weapon was required, and this ultimately came in the form of the Projector, Infantry, Anti-Tank, commonly abbreviated to PIAT. The origins of the PIAT can be traced back as far as 1888, when an American engineer by the name of

868:

A contemporary (1944–45) Canadian Army survey questioned 161 army officers, who had recently left combat, about the effectiveness of 31 different infantry weapons. In that survey the PIAT was ranked the number one most "outstandingly effective" weapon, followed by the

541:

Jefferis took the prototype Baby Bombard apart on the floor of his office in MD1 and rebuilt it, and then combined it with a shaped charge mortar bomb to create what he called the 'Jefferis Shoulder Gun'. Jefferis then had a small number of prototype armour-piercing

979:(given as Burma in the official citation). Despite sustaining injuries, Ganju Lama approached within thirty yards (27 m) of the enemy tanks, and having knocked them out moved on to attack the crews as they tried to escape. When asked by his Army Commander, 651:

Note, however, that troops were trained to cock the PIAT before expected use, and "in action the projector will always be carried cocked" (but unloaded). Unless a stoppage occurred, it would not normally be necessary to manually re-cock the weapon in action.

1609:

The 1957 report of the Commission identified awards to Blacker as £7000 in addition to interim £25,000 "already awarded" for the Bombard, Hedgehog, Piat, and Petard projectiles, and the PIAT projector and Petard spigot mortar (used on the Churchill tank).

559:

had the faults with the ammunition corrected, renamed the Shoulder Gun as the Projector, Infantry, Anti Tank, and ordered that it be issued to infantry units as a hand-held anti-tank weapon. Production of the PIAT began at the end of August 1942.

763:

Cylindrical thick steel construction, effectively a sub-calibre practice round. The PIAT requires a trough-like adapter to use it. Economical as it may be fired many times with new propellant cartridges. Trajectory slightly different to service

576:

Ministry of Supply had already paid Blacker £50,000 for his expenses in relation to the Bombard and PIAT. Churchill himself got involved in the argument; writing to the Secretary of State for war in January 1943 he asked "Why should the name

473:

effectively putting the barrel on the inside of the weapon, the barrel diameter was no longer a limitation on the warhead size. Blacker eventually designed a lightweight mortar that he named the 'Arbalest' and submitted it to the

704:

The PIATs' ammunition used the shaped charge principle, which, if the often unreliable early round design delivered it correctly to the target, allowed the warhead to penetrate almost all enemy armour types at close range.

635:

To prepare the weapon for firing the spigot mechanism, which was operated by a large spring, had to be cocked, and to do this was a difficult and awkward process. The user had to first place the PIAT on its

580:

be changed to PIAT? Nobody objected to the Boys rifle, although that had a rather odd ring." Churchill supported Jefferis claims, but he did not get his way. For his part Blacker received £25,000 from the

880:

found that 7% of all German tanks destroyed by British forces were knocked out by PIATs, compared to 6% by rockets fired by aircraft. However, they also found that once German tanks had been fitted with

889: 555:

place of the Warrant Officer and fired off several more rounds, all of which pierced the armoured target but without wounding him. Impressed with the weapon, the Ordnance Board of the

340:

was simple in construction. However, the device also had some disadvantages: powerful recoil, a difficulty in cocking the weapon, and early problems with ammunition reliability.

606:

were fitted on top for aiming; the bombs launched by the PIAT possessed hollow tubular tails, into which a small propellant cartridge was inserted, and shaped charge warheads.

347:

in 1943, and remained in use with British and other Commonwealth forces until the early 1950s. PIATs were supplied to or obtained by other nations and forces, including the

2116:

Library and Archives Canada, Record Group 24, Battle Experience Questionnaires, Vol. 10,450, Weekly Reports, Canadian Small Arms Liaison Officer Overseas, 1941–1945, C-5167

3638: 2474:

The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II: The Comprehensive Guide to Over 1,500 Weapons Systems, Including Tanks, Small Arms, Warplanes, Artillery, Ships and Submarines

2139: 835:

detachment. Three PIATs were issued to every company at the headquarters level for issuing at the CO discretion – allowing one weapon for each platoon. British Army and

2129: 2994: 2866: 2839: 1809: 627: 423:; he discovered that the explosive would yield a great deal more damage if there were a recess in it facing the target. This phenomenon is known as the ' 892:, by 31 March 1946 the Soviet Union had been supplied with 1,000 PIATs and 100,000 rounds of ammunition. The PIAT was also used by resistance groups in 680:. The PIAT was often also used in combat to knock out enemy positions located in houses and bunkers. It was possible to use the PIAT as an ad-hoc crude 3658: 3222: 775:

Same size and weight as a live round, no warhead, but has a live propellant cartridge. It can be fired once from a standard PIAT, it is not re-usable.

3648: 1019:, one of three Panthers and two self-propelled guns attacking his small group. The self-propelled vehicles were also knocked out. He then used a 613:. The moving spigot rod in the PIAT design was unusual, and served to help reduce recoil sufficiently to make it a viable shoulder fired weapon. 688:

war; its construction was relatively simple and robust without a conventional barrel; there was no back-blast (unlike the contemporary American

468:. However, rather than using the conventional system of firing the mortar shell from a barrel fixed to a baseplate, Blacker wanted to use the 2834: 616:

The PIAT was a little lighter by about 1 kg (2 lb 3 oz) and about 0.6 m (2.0 ft) shorter than its predecessor, the

2770: 631:

A PIAT team at a firing range in Tunisia, 19 February 1943; part of a demonstration team. Note the cardboard three-round ammunition case

527:

At the time that he developed the Baby Bombard and sent it off the War Office, Blacker was working for a government department known as

660:; this reduced the shock of recoil and automatically cocked the weapon for subsequent shots, eliminating the need to manually re-cock. 2859: 2775:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945. Wellington: Historical Publications Branch. Archived from 1429: 1342:("grenade launcher anti-tank") entered service in 1943, with Dutch forces fighting under British command. It served into the 1950s. 1042: 1035: 331:

bomb using a cartridge in the tail of the projectile. It possessed an effective range of approximately 115 yards (105 m) in a

2829: 784:

Getting the bomb to detonate reliably against angled targets was troublesome and was addressed with revised fusing. See also the

597:

In firing, the pin moves forward into the round, the round is fired pushing the rod back against the spring and cocking it again.

582: 1310: 427:'. The German scientist Egon Neumann found that lining the recess with metal enhanced the damage dealt even more. By the 1930s 2824: 2814: 2793: 2759: 2717: 2698: 2679: 2651: 2632: 2613: 2591: 2572: 2553: 2519: 2500: 2481: 2419: 2023: 885:

that detonated shaped charge ammunition before it could penetrate the tank's armour, the weapon became much less effective.

2852: 916: 3233: 2819: 383:

At the beginning of the Second World War, the British Army possessed two primary anti-tank weapons for its infantry: the

2740: 3156: 2356: 2071: 1720: 2809: 1314: 781:

Rounds were supplied in three-round ammunition cases with the propellant cartridge fitted and the fuses separate.

1571: 932: 593: 3032: 736:

Mark IV, July 1944, Revised construction to reduce rearward fragmentation and "back blast" of warhead explosion.

3536: 1233: 1055: 107: 3643: 1504: 983:, why he went so close, he replied he was not certain of hitting with a PIAT beyond thirty yards (27 m). 2844: 2456: 3602: 3138: 408: 166: 3261: 1267: 1263: 1105: 1070: 668: 482: 3633: 2921: 2601: 1511: 1127: 927:

were awarded to members of the British and other Commonwealth armed forces for actions using the PIAT:

911: 858: 3597: 3412: 2979: 1491: 718:

AT shaped charge warhead design. Supplied with the propellant cartridge fitted and the fuse separate.

693: 368: 122: 857:– the tropical light infantry formation that was the standard front-line Australian division in the 3498: 3073: 2015: 1466: 1390: 976: 946:

tank and repel a German counterattack launched against his unit as they assaulted a section of the

901: 568: 543: 360: 2286: 2266: 2233: 2213: 2193: 3653: 3437: 3427: 3244: 3009: 2984: 2306: 1498: 1020: 817: 556: 89: 3556: 3513: 3473: 3384: 3374: 3068: 2530: 954: 862: 532: 404: 392: 145: 2776: 831:, which contained 36 men, had a single PIAT attached to the platoon headquarters, alongside a 800: 3592: 3551: 3546: 3493: 3093: 2989: 416: 45: 19: 2007: 3488: 3379: 3332: 3238: 3174: 3103: 3088: 3027: 2954: 1294: 1101: 877: 617: 547: 384: 3187: 1054:

The PIAT remained in service until the early 1950s, when it was replaced initially by the

960:, in one of several actions that day, used a PIAT in an attack against a German field gun. 8: 3478: 3347: 3118: 3083: 2008: 1518: 1378: 1131: 1116: 657: 443: 112: 3337: 3128: 2729: 2542: 2311: 2291: 2271: 2238: 2218: 2198: 1448: 1433: 1059: 451: 400: 882: 3612: 3528: 3432: 3342: 3283: 2911: 2789: 2755: 2736: 2713: 2694: 2675: 2647: 2628: 2609: 2587: 2568: 2549: 2515: 2496: 2477: 2415: 2352: 2067: 2019: 1716: 1322: 1203: 1073:, but quickly replaced both weapons with 3.5-inch (89 mm) M20 "Super Bazookas". 994: 968: 905: 839: 432: 388: 356: 344: 229: 117: 320:'s need for a more effective infantry anti-tank weapon and entered service in 1943. 3518: 3503: 3389: 3266: 3123: 3063: 2969: 2892: 2510:

Bull, Stephen; Dennis, Peter; Delf, Brian; Chappell, Mike; Windrow, Martin (2004).

1814: 1460: 1454: 987: 861:. It was used against Japanese tanks, other vehicles and fortifications during the 752:

Same shape as a live round, for dry loading practice. Cannot be fired or dry fired.

313: 102: 1833: 1023:

to kill or repel about 30 enemy soldiers. His actions secured a bridgehead on the

663: 3587: 3357: 3352: 3327: 3271: 3113: 3108: 2949: 2900: 1583: 1484: 1478: 1472: 939: 897: 893: 854: 846: 832: 804: 681: 637: 610: 563: 551: 546:(HEAT) rounds made, and took the weapon to be tested at the Small Arms School at 535: 478: 465: 458: 454: 411:

were unable to find even a single instance of a Boys knocking out a German tank.

241: 148: 2584:

Raising Churchill's Army: The British Army and the War against Germany 1919-1945

3453: 3404: 3368: 3312: 3240: 2959: 2941: 1818: 1416: 1009: 957: 924: 645: 372: 270: 85: 2606:

Britain's War Machine: Weapons, Resources, and Experts in the Second World War

1803: 1001:

that was advancing on his company position, and to force another three German

3627: 3607: 3582: 3277: 3042: 3037: 2905: 2874: 2532:

Awards to Inventors - Use of Inventions and Designs by Government Departments

2110: 1366: 1112: 972: 836: 823:

It entered service in early-1943, and was first used in action in March near

469: 428: 424: 336: 328: 324: 280: 234: 609:

Conventional spigot mortar designs have a fixed spigot rod, for example the

3182: 3148: 2916: 2880: 1403: 1318: 1016: 1012: 991: 980: 824: 684:

by placing the shoulder pad of the weapon on the ground and supporting it.

371:). Six members of the British and other Commonwealth armed forces received 348: 317: 2509: 1041:

used a PIAT, amongst other weapons, to help repel an attack by the German

498: 3463: 3458: 3322: 3207: 3197: 3052: 1533: 1353: 1335: 1190: 1123: 1085: 1024: 947: 677: 332: 2349:

French Foreign Légionnaire vs Viet Minh Insurgent: North Vietnam 1948–52

853:). From 1943, one PIAT team was allocated to each infantry platoon in a 571:

Projectile, Canadian Military Heritage Museum, Brantford, Ontario (2007)

3362: 3306: 3202: 3171: 3161: 3004: 2964: 2884: 2876: 1281: 1066: 1038: 964: 641: 603: 474: 438: 396: 352: 127: 849:

service, the PIAT was also known as "Projector Infantry Tank Attack" (

827:

during the Tunisia Campaign. The 1944 war establishment for a British

676:

so hard cover was desirable; on open training grounds this might be a

510: 3571: 3561: 3483: 3468: 3133: 3078: 1374: 1229: 1151: 1002: 943: 420: 309: 656:

blew the spigot rod backwards onto the spring, similar to that of a

3422: 3394: 3317: 3217: 2999: 1306: 1232:

captured from British and Dutch forces and used by republicans in

1089: 998: 936: 876:

An analysis by British staff officers of the initial period of the

870: 971:

used a PIAT to knock out two Japanese tanks attacking his unit at

3298: 3253: 3212: 3192: 3019: 2749: 2134: 1547: 1164: 1097: 1062: 828: 785: 689: 621: 462: 364: 219: 2644:

Red Coats to Cams. A History of Australian Infantry 1788 to 2001

1076: 2926: 1370: 1246: 1177: 1031: 39: 1940: 724:

Mark I, 1942, Nobels 808 plastic explosive filling, green band

461:

was investigating the possibility of developing a lightweight

3508: 3293: 2936: 1559: 1259: 1216: 1081: 1065:. The Australian Army briefly used PIATs at the start of the 816:

The PIAT was used in all theatres in which British and other

620:, although it was heavier than the 18 lb (8.2 kg) 3417: 2974: 2376:. Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army 1813:. Vol. 1 (revised ed.). Oxford University Press. 327:

system, and projected (launched) a 2.5 pound (1.1 kg)

2689:

Moreman, Tim (2006). Anderson, Duncan (consultant) (ed.).

1930: 1928: 1926: 2750:

Rottman, Gordon L.; Noon, Steve; Windrow, Martin (2005).

2398:

Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army

648:, as was often the case when using the weapon in action. 528: 1134:

helping to halt the Pakistani armored division advance.

715:

Manual says green, but museum examples seem to be brown.

640:, then step on both sides of the shoulder padding (a la 1923: 1911: 1840: 708:

The following ammunition types were available in 1943.

2387:

Guide Technique de Sous-Officiers du l'Infanterie 1954

908:

used the PIAT in the absence of mortars or artillery.

842:

were also issued with PIATs and used them in action.

792:

also notes that it may be used "as a house-breaker".

741:

Also useful as a general-purpose HE blast type round.

2669: 2646:. Sydney: Australian Military History Publications. 1690:, The War Office, Army Council, June 1943, p. 1 904:

used against German forces. In occupied France, the

3639:

World War II infantry weapons of the United Kingdom

2710:

The PIAT Britain's anti-tank weapon of World War II

2625:

Tank Killers: Anti-Tank Warfare by Men and Machines

2252:Lt.Gen. Sir Geoffrey Evans and Anthony Brett-James 2242:(Supplement). 7 September 1944. pp. 4157–4158. 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1588: 1576: 1564: 1552: 1538: 733:

Mark III, Revised nose fuse, TNT filling, blue band

316:. The PIAT was designed in 1942 in response to the 2728: 2541: 1802: 2786:Men Against Tanks: A History of Anti-Tank Warfare 2351:. Combat 36. Osprey Publishing. pp. 26, 50. 1957: 1955: 1804:"Blacker, (Latham Valentine) Stewart (1887–1964)" 1030:On 9 December 1944, while defending positions in 335:anti-tank role, and 350 yards (320 m) in an 3625: 2672:The Israeli Army in the Middle East Wars 1948-73 2562: 2528: 2014:(First ed.). New York: MetroBooks. p. 1946: 1661: 1104:(IDF) used PIATs against Arab armour during the 2950:SMLE No. 1 Mk III* & Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk.I 2565:French Resistance Fighter: France's Secret Army 2370: 2368: 1952: 2860: 2295:(Supplement). 19 December 1944. p. 5841. 2103: 2101: 986:Between 19 and 25 September 1944, during the 2693:. Battle Orders. Botley: Osprey Publishing. 2365: 2275:(Supplement). 31 October 1944. p. 5015. 1531: 2333: 2331: 2315:(Supplement). 6 February 1945. p. 791. 2256:, Macmillan & Co., London, 1962, p. 310 2222:(Supplement). 15 August 1944. p. 3807. 2170: 2168: 2158: 2156: 2010:The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II 2867: 2853: 2124: 2122: 2098: 3659:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1942 2726: 2544:Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy 2340: 2202:(Supplement). 11 July 1944. p. 3273. 1969: 1967: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1866: 1864: 1784: 1782: 2768: 2600: 2328: 2305: 2285: 2265: 2232: 2212: 2192: 2165: 2153: 2138:, vol. 421, cc2517, 16 April 1946, 2130:"Russia (British Empire war assistance)" 1934: 1917: 1846: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1075: 1005:tanks to retreat during a later assault. 910: 890:Anglo-Soviet Military Supplies Agreement 799: 699: 662: 626: 592: 562: 437: 2752:World War II Infantry Anti-Tank Tactics 2688: 2412:Quando inglesi arrivare noi tutti morti 2346: 2119: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1810:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1796: 1794: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 583:Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors 3649:Cold War weapons of the United Kingdom 3626: 2960:Lee–Enfield No.5 Mk.I "jungle carbine" 2641: 2581: 2471: 2056: 2005: 1964: 1882: 1861: 1800: 1779: 902:Polish Underground resistance fighters 795: 3237: 3119:Projector, 2½-inch Mk. II "Northover" 3109:29 mm spigot mortar "Blacker Bombard" 2922:Smith & Wesson "Victory" revolver 2848: 2783: 2772:Italy Volume I: The Sangro to Cassino 2670:Laffin, John; Chappell, Mike (1982). 2661:Khan, Mark (April 2009). "The PIAT". 2490: 2409: 2347:Windrow, Martin (20 September 2018). 2066:. The Tank Museum. 2023. p. 26. 2032: 1765: 1713:Commandos and Rangers of World War II 1623: 1049: 375:for their use of the PIAT in combat. 2825:image of the round and fuze assembly 2707: 2660: 2622: 2539: 2476:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 1985: 1791: 1747: 1729: 1710: 1639: 1008:On the night of 21/22 October 1944, 788:, which had similar early problems. 757:Practice Bomb - "Shot, Practice/AT" 2769:Phillips, Neville Crompton (1957). 1311:Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army 1111:PIATs were also used by French and 667:An Australian PIAT team during the 343:The PIAT was first used during the 13: 2901:Webley Mk IV & Mk VI Revolvers 2563:Crowdy, Terry; Steve Noon (2007). 2142:from the original on 22 April 2023 900:, it was one of many weapons that 772:Black, yellow ring, marked "Inert" 769:Inert - "Bomb, Practice Inert/AT" 308:) Mk I was a British man-portable 14: 3670: 2803: 2254:Imphal- A Flower on Lofty Heights 2047: 917:Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry 3134:3-inch Mk. I OSB gun "Smith gun" 1422: 1409: 1396: 1384: 1359: 1346: 1340:granaatwerper tp (tegen pantser) 1328: 1315:Malayan National Liberation Army 1299: 1287: 1274: 1252: 1239: 1222: 1209: 1196: 1183: 1170: 1157: 1144: 1015:used a PIAT to destroy a German 807:combatants display PIAT weapons. 727:Mark IA, Reinforced central tube 509: 497: 442:PIAT and ammunition case at the 251:Effective firing range 38: 3157:British grenades of WWI and WW2 2912:Browning P-35 "Hi-Power" pistol 2810:PIAT performance and production 2548:. University of Toronto Press. 2465: 2450: 2441: 2428: 2403: 2390: 2381: 2319: 2299: 2279: 2259: 2246: 2226: 2206: 2186: 2177: 2135:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2089: 2080: 2041: 1999: 1976: 1902: 1873: 1852: 1603: 1572:Type 4 70 mm AT rocket launcher 1071:2.36-inch (60 mm) bazookas 811: 32:Projector, Infantry, Anti Tank 3537:Rifle, Anti-Tank, .55 in, Boys 3104:Rifle, anti-tank, .55 in, Boys 2400:, Allied Publishers, 1990, p42 1738: 1711:Ladd, James (1 January 1979). 1704: 1695: 1234:Indonesian National Revolution 1056:ENERGA anti-tank rifle grenade 919:carrying a PIAT, November 1944 378: 302:Projector, Infantry, Anti Tank 259:Maximum firing range 182: 108:Indonesian National Revolution 1: 3139:No. 2 "Lifebuoy" flamethrower 2512:World War II Infantry Tactics 1617: 1505:Battles of the Kinarot Valley 1439: 1126:was still using PIATs by the 1043:90th Panzergrenadier Division 1013:Ernest Alvia ("Smokey") Smith 712:Service Bomb - "Bomb, HE/AT" 367:(which used PIATs during the 3603:No.2 "Lifebuoy" flamethrower 2006:Bishop, Christopher (2002). 1834:UK public library membership 312:weapon developed during the 167:Imperial Chemical Industries 7: 2731:The Battle of Normandy 1944 2691:British Commandos 1940–1946 2608:. Oxford University Press. 2586:. Oxford University Press. 2457:12th Vojvodina Brigade 1983 1688:Small Arms Training P.I.A.T 1525: 931:On 16 May 1944, during the 504:1945 diagram of a PIAT bomb 246:250 ft/s (76 m/s) 10: 3675: 2438:. Brabantia Nostra. p. 392 2436:De ransel op de rug deel 2 2050:How to kill a Panther tank 1512:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 1338:known in Dutch service as 997:used a PIAT to disable an 859:South West Pacific theatre 833:2-inch (51 mm) mortar 730:Mark II, Revised nose fuse 399:. In November 1941 during 323:The PIAT was based on the 17: 3598:Ordnance ML 3 inch mortar 3570: 3527: 3446: 3403: 3390:De Lisle Commando carbine 3333:Enfield 1853 rifle-musket 3292: 3252: 3170: 3147: 3051: 3018: 2970:De Lisle Commando carbine 2935: 2891: 2727:Neillands, Robin (2002). 2529:Cohen Commission (1957). 2064:Tankfest Souvenir Special 963:On 12 June 1944 Rifleman 942:used a PIAT to destroy a 694:Allied invasion of Sicily 588: 516:A round on museum display 286: 276: 266: 258: 250: 240: 228: 218: 213: 205: 197: 192: 181: 173: 162: 154: 141: 136: 95: 81: 73: 68: 61:Place of origin 60: 52: 37: 30: 3499:Charlton Automatic Rifle 3074:Charlton Automatic Rifle 2840:The “anti-tank crossbow” 2535:– via Archive.org. 1596: 1481:(Normandy, France, 1944) 1475:(Normandy, France, 1944) 1469:(Normandy, France, 1944) 1467:Battle of Villers-Bocage 1137: 1130:, they were used at the 746:Drill -"Bomb, Drill/AT" 544:high-explosive anti-tank 407:, staff officers of the 262:350 yd (320 m) 254:115 yd (105 m) 224:83 mm (3.3 in) 209:39 in (0.99 m) 3438:Thompson submachine gun 3367:Lee–Enfield No.5 Mk.I " 3262:Beaumont–Adams revolver 3245:Commonwealth of Nations 3010:M1921/M1928/M1 Thompson 2788:. David & Charles. 2582:French, David (2001) . 2410:Balbo, Adriano (2005). 1801:Macrae, Stuart (2004). 1499:Battle of Yad Mordechai 1106:1947–1949 Palestine war 1021:Thompson submachine gun 863:Borneo campaign of 1945 419:was experimenting with 389:No. 68 AT Rifle Grenade 201:32 lb (15 kg) 3385:Rieder Automatic Rifle 3375:Howell Automatic Rifle 2830:Pegasus bridge archive 2708:Moss, Matthew (2020). 2491:Bruce, George (1972). 2472:Bishop, Chris (2002). 1819:10.1093/ref:odnb/31907 1532: 1128:1971 Indo-Pakistan war 1093: 1039:John Henry Cound Brunt 955:Company Sergeant Major 920: 808: 672: 632: 598: 572: 485:as anti-tank weapons. 446: 405:North African Campaign 3494:Vickers K machine gun 2875:British Commonwealth 2754:. Osprey Publishing. 2712:. Osprey Publishing. 2514:. Osprey Publishing. 1947:Cohen Commission 1957 1492:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1079: 914: 803: 749:Black, marked "Drill" 700:Ammunition and effect 666: 630: 596: 578:Jefferis shoulder gun 566: 441: 417:Charles Edward Munroe 369:1948 Arab–Israeli War 169:Ltd., various others. 123:1948 Arab–Israeli War 46:Museum of Army Flying 20:PIAT (disambiguation) 3644:World War II mortars 3557:17 pdr anti-tank gun 3380:Huot Automatic Rifle 3089:Vickers–Berthier LMG 3057:other larger weapons 3033:Pattern 1913 bayonet 3028:Pattern 1907 bayonet 2955:Pattern 1914 Enfield 2917:M1911/M1911A1 pistol 2835:Replica demonstrated 2784:Weeks, John (1975). 2642:Kuring, Ian (2004). 2540:Copp, Terry (2004). 1102:Israel Defence Force 669:Battle of Balikpapan 618:Boys anti-tank rifle 385:Boys anti-tank rifle 242:Muzzle velocity 18:For other uses, see 3552:6 pdr anti-tank gun 3547:2 pdr anti-tank gun 1519:Battle of Longewala 1457:(Netherlands, 1944) 1379:First Indochina War 1264:Co-Belligerent Army 1132:Battle of Longewala 1117:First Indochina War 1063:M20 "Super Bazooka" 796:Operational history 444:Canadian War Museum 409:British Eighth Army 113:First Indochina War 3593:SBML 2-inch mortar 3474:QF 2 pdr "Pom-Pom" 3129:ML 4.2-inch mortar 3114:SBML 2-inch mortar 2665:. April 2009 (24). 2623:Hogg, Ian (1995). 2495:. Harper Collins. 2312:The London Gazette 2292:The London Gazette 2272:The London Gazette 2239:The London Gazette 2219:The London Gazette 2199:The London Gazette 1449:Battle of Normandy 1434:Yugoslav partisans 1391:Polish Underground 1191:Free French Forces 1115:forces during the 1094: 1050:After World War II 921: 809: 673: 658:blowback operation 633: 599: 573: 452:Lieutenant Colonel 447: 401:Operation Crusader 363:, and the Israeli 361:Polish Underground 137:Production history 3634:Anti-tank weapons 3621: 3620: 3613:OTO Melara Mod 56 3433:F1 submachine gun 3284:Browning Hi-Power 3231: 3230: 2965:Ross Rifle Mk.III 2795:978-0-7153-6909-8 2779:on 26 March 2023. 2761:978-1-84176-842-7 2719:978-1-4728-3813-1 2700:978-1-84176-986-8 2681:978-0-85045-450-5 2653:978-1-876439-99-6 2634:978-0-330-35316-8 2627:. Pan Macmillan. 2615:978-0-19-983267-5 2593:978-0-19-924630-4 2574:978-1-84603-076-5 2555:978-0-8020-3780-0 2521:978-1-84176-663-8 2502:978-0-246-10526-4 2483:978-1-58663-762-0 2434:Talens, Martien. 2421:978-88-7904-001-3 2086:Neillands, p. 214 2025:978-1-58663-762-0 1832:(Subscription or 1776:French, pp. 88–89 1323:Malayan Emergency 1204:Kingdom of Greece 1100:and the emerging 995:Robert Henry Cain 969:7th Gurkha Rifles 915:A soldier of the 906:French resistance 878:Normandy campaign 873:in second place. 557:Small Arms School 433:No. 68 AT grenade 357:French resistance 345:Tunisian campaign 298: 297: 118:Malayan Emergency 3666: 3583:25 pdr field gun 3519:L7 (machine gun) 3489:Vickers–Berthier 3267:Enfield revolver 3235: 3234: 3124:ML 3-inch mortar 3064:Besa machine gun 2869: 2862: 2855: 2846: 2845: 2799: 2780: 2765: 2746: 2734: 2723: 2704: 2685: 2666: 2657: 2638: 2619: 2597: 2578: 2559: 2547: 2536: 2525: 2506: 2487: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2414:. Blu Edizioni. 2407: 2401: 2396:Sharma, Gautam, 2394: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2372: 2363: 2362: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2326: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2263: 2257: 2250: 2244: 2243: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2190: 2184: 2181: 2175: 2172: 2163: 2160: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2126: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2045: 2039: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2013: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1983: 1980: 1974: 1971: 1962: 1959: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1921: 1915: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1897: 1880: 1877: 1871: 1868: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1806: 1798: 1789: 1786: 1777: 1774: 1763: 1760: 1745: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1693: 1691: 1684: 1659: 1656: 1637: 1634: 1611: 1607: 1592: 1590: 1580: 1578: 1568: 1566: 1556: 1554: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1461:Battle of Ortona 1455:Battle of Arnhem 1428: 1426: 1425: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1402: 1400: 1399: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1365: 1363: 1362: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1334: 1332: 1331: 1305: 1303: 1302: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1280: 1278: 1277: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1228: 1226: 1225: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1189: 1187: 1186: 1176: 1174: 1173: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1150: 1148: 1147: 988:Battle of Arnhem 953:On 6 June 1944, 933:Italian Campaign 925:Victoria Crosses 513: 501: 373:Victoria Crosses 314:Second World War 184: 103:Second World War 56:Anti-tank weapon 42: 33: 28: 27: 25:Anti-tank weapon 3674: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3588:Congreve rocket 3575: 3566: 3523: 3442: 3405:Submachine guns 3399: 3348:Martini–Enfield 3328:Brunswick rifle 3297: 3288: 3272:Webley Revolver 3248: 3239:Weapons of the 3232: 3227: 3166: 3143: 3056: 3047: 3014: 2942:submachine guns 2940: 2931: 2887: 2873: 2806: 2796: 2762: 2743: 2720: 2701: 2682: 2654: 2635: 2616: 2602:Edgerton, David 2594: 2575: 2556: 2522: 2503: 2493:Warsaw Uprising 2484: 2468: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2447:Phillips, p. 34 2446: 2442: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2408: 2404: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2373: 2366: 2359: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2304: 2300: 2284: 2280: 2264: 2260: 2251: 2247: 2231: 2227: 2211: 2207: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2166: 2161: 2154: 2145: 2143: 2128: 2127: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2074: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2026: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1986: 1982:Hogg, pp. 45–46 1981: 1977: 1972: 1965: 1960: 1953: 1945: 1941: 1933: 1924: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1883: 1879:Hogg, pp. 43–44 1878: 1874: 1869: 1862: 1858:Hogg, pp. 42–43 1857: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1831: 1823: 1821: 1799: 1792: 1787: 1780: 1775: 1766: 1761: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1723: 1715:. p. 241. 1709: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1686: 1685: 1662: 1657: 1640: 1635: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1614: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1586: 1584:Blacker Bombard 1577:Empire of Japan 1574: 1562: 1550: 1536: 1528: 1485:Warsaw Uprising 1479:Operation Perch 1473:Operation Epsom 1442: 1423: 1421: 1410: 1408: 1397: 1395: 1385: 1383: 1360: 1358: 1347: 1345: 1329: 1327: 1309:) also used by 1300: 1298: 1288: 1286: 1275: 1273: 1253: 1251: 1240: 1238: 1223: 1221: 1210: 1208: 1197: 1195: 1184: 1182: 1171: 1169: 1158: 1156: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1052: 940:Frank Jefferson 898:Warsaw Uprising 894:Occupied Europe 888:As part of the 883:armoured skirts 855:jungle division 847:Australian Army 820:forces served. 814: 805:Warsaw Uprising 798: 702: 611:Blacker Bombard 604:aperture sights 591: 552:Warrant Officer 536:Millis Jefferis 521: 520: 519: 518: 517: 514: 506: 505: 502: 493: 492: 491:PIAT ammunition 479:Blacker Bombard 459:Royal Artillery 455:Stewart Blacker 381: 291: 289: 214: 149:Millis Jefferis 132: 74:In service 69:Service history 48: 31: 26: 23: 12: 11: 5: 3672: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3654:Spigot mortars 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3533: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3454:Nordenfelt gun 3450: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3409: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3369:jungle carbine 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3338:Snider–Enfield 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3313:Ferguson rifle 3310: 3303: 3301: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3264: 3258: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3241:British Empire 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3188:9mm Parabellum 3185: 3179: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3164: 3159: 3153: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3060: 3058: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3024: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2946: 2944: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2872: 2871: 2864: 2857: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2820:Arnhem Archive 2817: 2812: 2805: 2804:External links 2802: 2801: 2800: 2794: 2781: 2766: 2760: 2747: 2742:978-0304358373 2741: 2724: 2718: 2705: 2699: 2686: 2680: 2667: 2663:Britain at War 2658: 2652: 2639: 2633: 2620: 2614: 2598: 2592: 2579: 2573: 2560: 2554: 2537: 2526: 2520: 2507: 2501: 2488: 2482: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2461: 2449: 2440: 2427: 2420: 2402: 2389: 2380: 2364: 2357: 2339: 2327: 2325:Kuring, p. 245 2318: 2298: 2278: 2258: 2245: 2225: 2205: 2185: 2176: 2164: 2152: 2118: 2109: 2107:Kuring, p. 173 2097: 2095:Moreman, p. 47 2088: 2079: 2072: 2055: 2052:. p. 424. 2048:Moore, Craig. 2040: 2031: 2024: 1998: 1984: 1975: 1963: 1961:Bishop, p. 211 1951: 1939: 1937:, p. 161. 1922: 1920:, p. 160. 1910: 1901: 1881: 1872: 1860: 1851: 1849:, p. 261. 1839: 1790: 1778: 1764: 1746: 1737: 1728: 1721: 1703: 1694: 1660: 1638: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1589:United Kingdom 1581: 1569: 1557: 1545: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1509: 1508: 1507:(Israel, 1948) 1502: 1501:(Israel, 1948) 1489: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1452: 1444:World War II: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1419: 1417:United Kingdom 1406: 1393: 1381: 1369:captured from 1356: 1343: 1325: 1284: 1271: 1249: 1236: 1219: 1206: 1193: 1180: 1167: 1154: 1139: 1136: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1028: 1006: 984: 961: 958:Stanley Hollis 951: 813: 810: 797: 794: 779: 778: 777: 776: 773: 767: 766: 765: 761: 755: 754: 753: 750: 744: 743: 742: 739: 738: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 719: 716: 701: 698: 646:prone position 590: 587: 515: 508: 507: 503: 496: 495: 494: 490: 489: 488: 487: 403:, part of the 380: 377: 296: 295: 292: 287: 284: 283: 278: 274: 273: 271:Aperture sight 268: 264: 263: 260: 256: 255: 252: 248: 247: 244: 238: 237: 232: 226: 225: 222: 216: 215: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 193:Specifications 190: 189: 186: 179: 178: 175: 171: 170: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 143: 139: 138: 134: 133: 131: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 99: 97: 93: 92: 86:British Empire 83: 79: 78: 75: 71: 70: 66: 65: 64:United Kingdom 62: 58: 57: 54: 50: 49: 43: 35: 34: 24: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3671: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3608:Stokes mortar 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3343:Martini–Henry 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3278:Enfield No. 2 3276: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3242: 3236: 3224: 3223:15×104mm Brno 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3094:Vickers K gun 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3044: 3043:No. 5 bayonet 3041: 3039: 3038:No. 4 bayonet 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908:Mk I Revolver 2907: 2906:Enfield No. 2 2904: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2858: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2797: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2733: 2732: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2546: 2545: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2527: 2523: 2517: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2485: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2469: 2458: 2453: 2444: 2437: 2431: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2406: 2399: 2393: 2384: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2360: 2358:9781472828910 2354: 2350: 2343: 2337:Laffin, p. 30 2334: 2332: 2322: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2302: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2282: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2262: 2255: 2249: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2229: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2209: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2189: 2180: 2174:Crowdy, p. 63 2171: 2169: 2162:Bruce, p. 145 2159: 2157: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2125: 2123: 2113: 2104: 2102: 2092: 2083: 2075: 2073:9781739354725 2069: 2065: 2059: 2051: 2044: 2035: 2027: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2002: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1979: 1970: 1968: 1958: 1956: 1949:, p. 46. 1948: 1943: 1936: 1935:Edgerton 2011 1931: 1929: 1927: 1919: 1918:Edgerton 2011 1914: 1905: 1899:Khan, pp. 2–3 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1876: 1867: 1865: 1855: 1848: 1847:Edgerton 2011 1843: 1835: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1797: 1795: 1785: 1783: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1741: 1732: 1724: 1722:9781131235172 1718: 1714: 1707: 1701:French, p. 89 1698: 1689: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1622: 1606: 1602: 1585: 1582: 1573: 1570: 1561: 1558: 1553:United States 1549: 1546: 1543: 1535: 1530: 1529: 1521:(India, 1971) 1520: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1463:(Italy, 1943) 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1451:(France 1944) 1450: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1435: 1431: 1420: 1418: 1407: 1405: 1394: 1392: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1367:North Vietnam 1357: 1355: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1296: 1285: 1283: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1250: 1248: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1220: 1218: 1207: 1205: 1194: 1192: 1181: 1179: 1168: 1166: 1155: 1153: 1142: 1141: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1058:and then the 1057: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1004: 1000: 996: 993: 989: 985: 982: 978: 974: 973:Ningthoukhong 970: 966: 962: 959: 956: 952: 949: 945: 941: 938: 934: 930: 929: 928: 926: 918: 913: 909: 907: 903: 899: 896:. During the 895: 891: 886: 884: 879: 874: 872: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 843: 841: 838: 837:Royal Marines 834: 830: 826: 821: 819: 806: 802: 793: 789: 787: 782: 774: 771: 770: 768: 762: 759: 758: 756: 751: 748: 747: 745: 740: 735: 732: 729: 726: 723: 722: 720: 717: 714: 713: 711: 710: 709: 706: 697: 695: 691: 685: 683: 679: 670: 665: 661: 659: 653: 649: 647: 643: 639: 629: 625: 623: 619: 614: 612: 607: 605: 595: 586: 584: 579: 570: 565: 561: 558: 553: 549: 545: 539: 537: 534: 530: 525: 512: 500: 486: 484: 480: 476: 471: 470:spigot mortar 467: 464: 460: 456: 453: 445: 440: 436: 434: 430: 429:Henry Mohaupt 426: 425:Munroe effect 422: 418: 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 393:armoured cars 390: 386: 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 341: 338: 337:indirect fire 334: 330: 329:shaped charge 326: 325:spigot mortar 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 293: 285: 282: 281:Shaped charge 279: 275: 272: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 243: 239: 236: 235:Spigot mortar 233: 231: 227: 223: 221: 217: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 191: 187: 180: 176: 172: 168: 165: 161: 157: 153: 150: 147: 144: 140: 135: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 100: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 76: 72: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 41: 36: 29: 21: 16: 3541: 3183:.303 British 3098: 3053:Machine-guns 2881:World War II 2785: 2777:the original 2771: 2751: 2730: 2709: 2690: 2671: 2662: 2643: 2624: 2605: 2583: 2564: 2543: 2531: 2511: 2492: 2473: 2466:Bibliography 2452: 2443: 2435: 2430: 2411: 2405: 2397: 2392: 2383: 2375: 2348: 2342: 2321: 2310: 2301: 2290: 2281: 2270: 2261: 2253: 2248: 2237: 2228: 2217: 2208: 2197: 2188: 2179: 2144:, retrieved 2133: 2112: 2091: 2082: 2063: 2058: 2049: 2043: 2034: 2009: 2001: 1978: 1942: 1913: 1904: 1875: 1854: 1842: 1822:. Retrieved 1808: 1762:Weeks, p. 84 1740: 1731: 1712: 1706: 1697: 1687: 1605: 1565:Soviet Union 1539:Nazi Germany 1510: 1490: 1443: 1404:Soviet Union 1373:and used by 1339: 1319:World War II 1121: 1110: 1095: 1080:PIAT in the 1053: 1017:Panther tank 981:William Slim 922: 887: 875: 867: 850: 844: 825:Majaz al Bab 822: 818:Commonwealth 815: 812:World War II 790: 783: 780: 707: 703: 686: 674: 654: 650: 634: 615: 608: 600: 577: 574: 540: 526: 522: 448: 413: 382: 349:Soviet Union 342: 322: 318:British Army 305: 301: 299: 163:Manufacturer 90:Commonwealth 82:Used by 44:PIAT at the 15: 3479:Vickers gun 3464:Gardner gun 3459:Gatling gun 3428:Sterling L2 3358:Lee–Enfield 3353:Lee–Metford 3323:Baker rifle 3208:.38 Special 3198:.455 Webley 2815:Nase noviny 2735:. Cassell. 2374:Sharma 1990 2307:"No. 36928" 2287:"No. 36849" 2267:"No. 36774" 2234:"No. 36690" 2214:"No. 36658" 2194:"No. 36605" 1996:Bull, p. 42 1973:Hogg, p. 45 1870:Hogg, p. 43 1788:Hogg, p. 42 1636:Hogg, p. 44 1534:Panzerfaust 1354:New Zealand 1336:Netherlands 1124:Indian Army 1025:Savio River 999:assault gun 948:Gustav Line 678:slit trench 397:light tanks 379:Development 333:direct fire 185: built 177:August 1942 3628:Categories 3572:Field guns 3447:Rapid-fire 3413:Lanchester 3363:Ross rifle 3307:Brown Bess 3175:cartridges 3172:Small arms 3162:Mills bomb 3084:Vickers MG 2980:Lanchester 2877:small arms 2674:. Osprey. 2567:. Osprey. 2183:Khan, p. 3 2038:Moss, p.38 1908:Khan, p. 4 1836:required.) 1744:Khan, p. 1 1658:Khan, p. 2 1618:References 1440:Combat use 1430:Yugoslavia 1282:Luxembourg 1069:alongside 1067:Korean War 965:Ganju Lama 721:Versions: 642:Pogo stick 483:Home Guard 475:War Office 353:Lend Lease 288:Detonation 128:Korean War 3562:L6 Wombat 3529:Anti-tank 3484:Lewis gun 3469:Maxim gun 3247:1722–1965 3079:Lewis gun 1735:Moss, p.4 1587:– ( 1575:– ( 1563:– ( 1551:– ( 1537:– ( 1375:Viet Minh 1268:partisans 1230:Indonesia 1152:Australia 1113:Việt Minh 1086:Beit Gidi 1034:, Italy, 1027:in Italy. 1003:Panzer IV 944:Panzer IV 840:commandos 421:guncotton 351:(through 310:anti-tank 290:mechanism 77:1943–1950 3514:Bren gun 3423:Owen gun 3395:L1A1 SLR 3318:Nock gun 3299:carbines 3280:revolver 3274:Mk. I–VI 3254:Handguns 3243:and the 3218:.55 Boys 3149:Grenades 3069:Bren gun 3020:Bayonets 3000:Owen gun 2985:Sterling 2893:Sidearms 2604:(2011). 2459:, p. 49. 2146:27 April 2140:archived 1824:27 April 1526:See also 1432:Used by 1317:in both 1307:Malaysia 1092:, Israel 1090:Tel Aviv 1084:Museum ( 1060:American 937:Fusilier 871:Bren gun 387:and the 174:Produced 155:Designed 142:Designer 3213:.50 BMG 3203:.38/200 3193:.45 ACP 1548:Bazooka 1297:(later 1165:Belgium 1098:Haganah 1036:Captain 1010:Private 977:Manipur 967:of the 829:platoon 786:bazooka 690:bazooka 622:Bazooka 463:platoon 457:of the 365:Haganah 355:), the 277:Filling 220:Calibre 188:115,000 3576:others 3309:musket 3294:Rifles 3005:Welgun 2995:Kokoda 2990:Austen 2939:& 2937:Rifles 2927:Welrod 2792: 2758: 2739: 2716: 2697: 2678: 2650: 2631: 2612: 2590: 2571: 2552: 2518: 2499: 2480: 2418: 2355: 2070: 2022: 1830: 1719: 1487:(1944) 1427: 1414: 1401: 1371:France 1364: 1351: 1333: 1304: 1295:Malaya 1292: 1279: 1257: 1247:Israel 1244: 1227: 1214: 1201: 1188: 1178:Canada 1175: 1162: 1149: 1032:Faenza 682:mortar 671:, 1945 589:Design 548:Bisley 466:mortar 359:, the 294:Impact 267:Sights 230:Action 206:Length 88:& 3509:Besal 3055:& 2885:Korea 1597:Notes 1560:RPG-1 1260:Italy 1217:India 1138:Users 1082:Etzel 992:Major 764:bomb. 760:White 567:PIAT 533:Major 146:Major 3542:PIAT 3504:Besa 3418:Sten 3099:PIAT 2975:Sten 2883:and 2790:ISBN 2756:ISBN 2737:ISBN 2714:ISBN 2695:ISBN 2676:ISBN 2648:ISBN 2629:ISBN 2610:ISBN 2588:ISBN 2569:ISBN 2550:ISBN 2516:ISBN 2497:ISBN 2478:ISBN 2416:ISBN 2378:p.42 2353:ISBN 2148:2009 2068:ISBN 2020:ISBN 1826:2009 1717:ISBN 1321:and 1313:and 1266:and 1122:The 1096:The 923:Six 851:PITA 638:butt 569:HEAT 550:. A 395:and 306:PIAT 300:The 198:Mass 158:1942 96:Wars 53:Type 2879:of 2016:211 1815:doi 1377:in 1088:), 845:In 529:MD1 183:No. 3630:: 2367:^ 2330:^ 2309:. 2289:. 2269:. 2236:. 2216:. 2196:. 2167:^ 2155:^ 2132:, 2121:^ 2100:^ 2018:. 1987:^ 1966:^ 1954:^ 1925:^ 1884:^ 1863:^ 1807:. 1793:^ 1781:^ 1767:^ 1749:^ 1663:^ 1641:^ 1625:^ 1514:: 1494:: 1119:. 1108:. 990:, 975:, 935:, 865:. 624:. 585:. 538:. 435:. 3574:, 3371:" 3296:, 2868:e 2861:t 2854:v 2798:. 2764:. 2745:. 2722:. 2703:. 2684:. 2656:. 2637:. 2618:. 2596:. 2577:. 2558:. 2524:. 2505:. 2486:. 2424:. 2361:. 2076:. 2028:. 1828:. 1817:: 1725:. 1692:. 1591:) 1579:) 1567:) 1555:) 1541:) 1270:) 1262:( 1045:. 950:. 304:( 22:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index