22:
63:. The liquid stream is a spray pattern and has a maximum effective range of up to four metres (13 ft). Maximum accuracy, however, will be achieved over a distance of 1.25–2 metres (4.1–6.6 ft). The operating distance is the distance between the canister and the subject's eyes, not the distance between the user and the subject.
71:
PAVA primarily affects the eyes, causing closure and severe pain. The pain to the eyes is reported to be greater than that caused by CS. The effectiveness rate is very high once PAVA gets into the eyes; however, there have been occasions where PAVA and CS have failed to work—especially when the
56:. This solution has been selected because this is the minimum concentration which will fulfill the purpose of the equipment; namely to minimise a person's capacity for resistance, without unnecessarily prolonging their discomfort.
2139:
1275:
1010:
432:
256:
1900:
171:
and water to the eyes. Doctors also recommend not using oils or creams on the skin, and to not wear contact lenses, if one is planning to minimise the effects of nonivamide.
664:
425:
418:
1618:
903:
637:
390:
1846:
327:
205:
76:
or other drugs. Exposure to fresh moving air will normally result in a significant recovery from the effects of PAVA, within 15–35 minutes.
1142:
1147:
2229:
2089:
1101:
1030:
1280:
2084:
1945:
1340:
1239:
1192:
1122:
2189:
2204:
167:
There are various treatments to combat the effects of nonivamide. One popular method includes administering a one to one solution of
1182:
1421:
1393:
1060:
375:
1447:
1413:
115:
441:
2184:
1300:
1040:
281:
2262:
1575:
2292:
2149:
1570:
1565:
1015:
306:
1550:
1545:
492:
285:
2287:
2258:
1535:
1096:
229:
212:
2282:
304:
1650:
1560:
1555:
1540:
1357:
857:
487:
482:
1841:
1623:
158:; however, police, prison officers and other officials are allowed to use PAVA to uphold the law.
2144:
1991:
1708:
1580:
1486:
852:
497:
91:
PAVA is used widely as a less lethal, temporary defence tool around the world including in the
40:. It is dispensed from a handheld canister, in a liquid stream. It contains a 0.3% solution of
1819:
2199:
2020:
1962:
1891:
1799:
1752:
1187:
1050:
988:
968:
842:
530:
73:
8:
2104:
2024:
1966:
1924:
1866:
1634:
813:
168:
83:) that normally produce the pain and sensation of heat, as if exposed to scalding heat.
79:
Pharmacologically, like other capsaicinoids, PAVA works by direct binding to receptors (
1985:
1851:
1646:
1592:
1157:
831:
723:
509:
456:
370:
365:
341:
2179:
1702:
1290:
1213:
1204:
1035:
804:
759:
749:
694:
647:
447:
321:
155:
118:
forces had traditionally used CS gas spray, but with the more widespread carriage of
108:
2114:
1880:
1718:
1127:
788:
472:
282:"Ausbildung am Reizstoffspray in der Schweizer Armee beruht auf klaren Reglementen"
257:"Centre sends 1 lakh plastic bullets, chilli-filled PAVA shells to Kashmir Valley"
122:, PAVA has now entirely replaced its predecessor due to its non-flammable nature.
2234:
2154:
1957:
1950:
1352:
1345:
1285:
1197:
1065:
1020:
567:
477:
1981:
1896:
1666:
1588:
1295:
827:
734:
704:
597:
505:
92:
2276:
2214:
2194:
1789:
1504:
1335:
1315:
1045:
933:
744:
617:
534:
144:
2094:
1910:
1870:
1803:
1793:
1784:
1779:
1722:
1680:
1270:
1055:
964:
877:
689:
684:
587:
37:
305:
Department of the
Official Report (Hansard), House of Lords, Westminster.
114:
PAVA is approved for police and prison service use in the United
Kingdom.
2134:
2062:
2046:
1914:
1886:
1769:
1713:
1656:
1642:
1330:
1325:
1265:
994:
979:
974:
928:
867:
794:
774:
753:
714:
577:
542:
410:
100:
25:
Captor 2, a brand of PAVA used by police officers in the United
Kingdom.
2124:
2015:
1930:
1920:
1876:
1856:
1747:
1613:
1481:
1464:
1362:
1208:
1136:
1132:
1079:
1025:
984:
809:
799:
784:
652:
562:
391:"Bike-riding doctor helps protesters recover from pepper spray attacks"
180:
132:
41:
1518:
1376:
947:
44:(PAVA), also called nonivamide, a synthetic capsaicinoid (analogue of
2239:
2224:
2219:
2169:
2164:
1809:
1728:
1686:
1676:
913:
778:
148:
136:
45:
455:
151:
restrict use of less than lethal projectiles and devices using them.
2174:
2159:
2128:
2118:
2108:
2098:
2079:
2067:
2036:
2031:
1995:
1906:
1759:
1698:
1670:
1660:
1638:
1320:
1305:
1229:
1167:
1152:
1112:
918:
893:
846:
837:
764:
730:
674:
669:
631:
627:
601:
591:
581:
571:
557:
515:
140:
53:
33:
154:
United
Kingdom: Citizens may not use PAVA, under Section 5 of the
2209:
2074:
2040:
2009:
1973:
1831:
1813:
1733:
1690:
1630:
1598:
1408:
1309:
1260:
1233:
1225:
1172:
1106:
922:
898:
819:
768:
657:
520:
49:
2001:
1977:
1935:
1835:
1763:
1602:
1584:
1442:
1403:
1398:
1176:
1162:
907:
823:
718:
709:
699:
678:
641:
612:
607:
546:
538:
524:
501:
60:
2005:
1741:
1737:
1694:
1608:
1377:
1244:
1221:
861:
738:
621:
552:
119:
96:
80:
1940:
1774:
1519:
1465:
1426:
1117:
1080:
948:
21:
1825:
106:
442:
2274:
307:"Lords Hansard text for 15 March 2012 (pt 0004)"
426:
326:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
206:"Guidance on the Use of Incapacitant Spray"
440:
433:
419:
16:Incapacitant spray similar to pepper spray
200:
198:
196:
358:
20:
59:PAVA is significantly more potent than
2275:
193:
613:CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
414:
388:
254:
125:
2185:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
1301:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
1041:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
13:
366:"Firearms Act 1968: Section 5"
230:"'Safer' Pava to replace CS spray"
14:
2304:
389:Brown, Dr. Ernest (2020-05-31).
382:
334:
298:
274:
255:Ahuja, Rajesh (20 June 2017).
248:
222:
74:under the influence of alcohol
1:
2259:Receptor/signaling modulators
608:CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
186:
42:pelargonic acid vanillylamide
309:. Publications.parliament.uk
162:
7:
1887:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
795:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
665:Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
493:15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2
236:. BBC News. 22 January 2008
174:
48:), in a solvent of aqueous
10:
2309:
66:
2252:
2055:
1528:
1517:
1497:
1474:
1463:
1435:
1386:
1375:
1253:
1089:
1078:
1003:
957:
946:
886:
465:
454:
872:Umbellularia californica
378:, 1968 c. 27 (s. 5)
86:
1842:N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
1624:Andrographis paniculata
346:www.civil-defence.co.uk
2263:Ion channel modulators
1992:Tetrahydrocannabivarin
1487:Tripterygium wilfordii
853:Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
211:. 2010. Archived from
26:
2293:Incapacitating agents
1820:Lysophosphatidic acid
376:The National Archives
24:
2200:Pregnenolone sulfate
2021:Euphorbia resinifera
1963:Euphorbia resinifera
1892:Phenylacetylrinvanil
1852:N-Oleoylethanolamide
1800:Homodihydrocapsaicin
1188:Pregnenolone sulfate
1051:Pregnenolone sulfate
858:Thiopropanal S-oxide
843:Tetrahydrocannabinol
531:Allyl isothiocyanate
52:. The propellant is
2288:Lachrymatory agents
2105:Cannabigerolic acid
1867:Nordihydrocapsaicin
1828:(acidic conditions)
107:British police and
2068:Vernonia tweediana
1647:African blue basil
1619:Bisandrographolide
1205:Steviol glycosides
1158:Hydroxycitronellal
904:Dehydroligustilide
724:Angelica acutiloba
638:Dehydroligustilide
371:legislation.gov.uk
126:Legal restrictions
34:incapacitant spray
27:
2270:
2269:
2248:
2247:
2180:Meclofenamic acid
1986:melegueta peppers
1857:Nonivamide (PAVA)
1593:melegueta peppers
1513:
1512:
1459:
1458:
1371:
1370:
1291:Meclofenamic acid
1214:Stevia rebaudiana
1074:
1073:
1036:Meclofenamic acid
942:
941:
832:melegueta peppers
805:Phenacyl chloride
760:N-Methylmaleimide
750:Methyl salicylate
695:Hydrogen peroxide
648:Diallyl disulfide
510:melegueta peppers
156:Firearms Act 1968
109:HM Prison Service
2300:
2283:Chemical weapons
2115:Cannabigerovarin
1847:N-Oleoyldopamine
1753:Euodia ruticarpa
1719:Dihydrocapsaicin
1526:
1525:
1522:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1128:Cooling Agent 10
1087:
1086:
1083:
955:
954:
951:
473:4-Hydroxynonenal
463:
462:
459:
444:
435:
428:
421:
412:
411:
405:
404:
402:
401:
386:
380:
379:
362:
356:
355:
353:
352:
338:
332:
331:
325:
317:
315:
314:
302:
296:
295:
293:
292:
278:
272:
271:
269:
267:
252:
246:
245:
243:
241:
226:
220:
219:
217:
210:
202:
169:milk of magnesia
2308:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2244:
2235:Tolfenamic acid
2155:Flufenamic acid
2051:
1958:Resiniferatoxin
1951:Ruta graveolens
1714:Diacyl glycerol
1509:
1493:
1455:
1451:
1431:
1417:
1367:
1353:Tolfenamic acid
1346:Ruta graveolens
1286:Flufenamic acid
1249:
1198:Ruta graveolens
1109:(intracellular)
1070:
1066:Tolfenamic acid
1021:Flufenamic acid
999:
975:Diacyl glycerol
938:
882:
568:Cannabichromene
478:4-Oxo-2-nonenal
450:
439:
409:
408:
399:
397:
387:
383:
364:
363:
359:
350:
348:
342:"Incapacitants"
340:
339:
335:
319:
318:
312:
310:
303:
299:
290:
288:
286:Federal Council
284:. Switzerland:
280:
279:
275:
265:
263:
261:Hindustan Times
253:
249:
239:
237:
228:
227:
223:
215:
208:
204:
203:
194:
189:
177:
165:
131:United States:
128:
112:
89:
69:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2268:
2267:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2034:
2029:
2013:
1999:
1989:
1971:
1955:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1925:Dorrigo pepper
1918:
1904:
1897:Phorbol esters
1894:
1889:
1884:
1874:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1757:
1745:
1731:
1726:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1684:
1674:
1667:Cannabidivarin
1664:
1654:
1635:camphor laurel
1628:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1596:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1478:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1303:
1298:
1296:Mefenamic acid
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1218:
1202:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
992:
989:St John's wort
982:
977:
972:
969:St John's wort
961:
959:
952:
944:
943:
940:
939:
937:
936:
931:
926:
916:
911:
901:
896:
890:
888:
884:
883:
881:
880:
875:
865:
855:
850:
840:
835:
817:
814:Dorrigo pepper
807:
802:
797:
792:
782:
772:
762:
757:
747:
742:
735:Sichuan pepper
728:
712:
707:
705:Isothiocyanate
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
672:
667:
662:
650:
645:
635:
625:
615:
610:
605:
598:Cinnamaldehyde
595:
585:
575:
565:
560:
555:
550:
528:
518:
513:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
469:
467:
460:
452:
451:
438:
437:
430:
423:
415:
407:
406:
381:
357:
333:
297:
273:
247:
221:
218:on 2013-03-09.
191:
190:
188:
185:
184:
183:
176:
173:
164:
161:
160:
159:
152:
127:
124:
116:British police
111:
105:
103:, and others.
93:United Kingdom
88:
85:
68:
65:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2305:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:Ruthenium red
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Niflumic acid
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2063:α-Spinasterol
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1790:Homocapsaicin
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:wild bergamot
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:camphor basil
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1505:Ruthenium red
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:Ruthenium red
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:Niflumic acid
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:; indirectly)
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:Frescolat MGA
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:Niflumic acid
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
996:
993:
990:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
970:
966:
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962:
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956:
953:
950:
945:
935:
934:Ruthenium red
932:
930:
927:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
909:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
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869:
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848:
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841:
839:
836:
833:
829:
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821:
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815:
811:
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790:
786:
783:
780:
776:
773:
770:
766:
763:
761:
758:
755:
751:
748:
746:
745:Methylglyoxal
743:
740:
736:
732:
729:
726:
725:
720:
716:
713:
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659:
654:
651:
649:
646:
643:
639:
636:
633:
629:
626:
623:
619:
618:Cuminaldehyde
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
603:
599:
596:
593:
589:
586:
583:
579:
576:
573:
569:
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396:
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385:
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347:
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308:
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287:
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235:
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214:
207:
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182:
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157:
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150:
146:
145:Washington DC
142:
138:
134:
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117:
110:
104:
102:
98:
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84:
82:
77:
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64:
62:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
23:
19:
2255:
2254:
2095:Cannabigerol
2066:
2019:
1961:
1949:
1911:black pepper
1871:chili pepper
1860:
1804:chili pepper
1794:chili pepper
1785:Hepoxilin B3
1780:Hepoxilin A3
1751:
1723:chili pepper
1681:chili pepper
1622:
1485:
1344:
1271:Clotrimazole
1212:
1196:
1148:Frescolat ML
1056:Progesterone
965:Adhyperforin
878:WIN 55,212-2
871:
722:
690:Hepoxilin B3
685:Hepoxilin A3
656:
588:Cannabigerol
398:. Retrieved
394:
384:
369:
360:
349:. Retrieved
345:
336:
311:. Retrieved
300:
289:. Retrieved
276:
264:. Retrieved
260:
250:
238:. Retrieved
233:
224:
213:the original
166:
113:
90:
78:
70:
58:
38:pepper spray
29:
28:
18:
2230:Tivanisiran
2135:Capsazepine
2047:Zucapsaicin
1915:long pepper
1881:Pacific yew
1770:GSK1016790A
1657:Cannabidiol
1643:camphorweed
1331:RQ-00203078
1326:PF-05105679
1266:Capsazepine
1031:GSK2293017A
995:Substance P
980:GSK1702934A
929:PF-04745637
868:Umbellulone
789:Pacific yew
775:Oleocanthal
754:wintergreen
715:Ligustilide
578:Cannabidiol
543:horseradish
101:Switzerland
72:subject is
36:similar to
2277:Categories
2125:Cannabinol
2025:pooissonii
2016:Tinyatoxin
1967:pooissonii
1931:Probenecid
1921:Polygodial
1877:Paclitaxel
1861:PAVA spray
1748:Evodiamine
1699:pepperwort
1614:Anandamide
1581:α-Sanshool
1529:Activators
1482:Triptolide
1475:Activators
1387:Activators
1363:TRPM4-IN-5
1281:Elismetrep
1209:stevioside
1137:eucalyptus
1133:Eucalyptol
1097:ADP-ribose
1090:Activators
1026:GSK417651A
985:Hyperforin
958:Activators
838:Tear gases
810:Polygodial
800:PF-4840154
785:Paclitaxel
653:Dicentrine
563:Bradykinin
498:α-Sanshool
466:Activators
448:modulators
400:2020-06-01
351:2021-03-06
313:2012-06-08
291:2023-05-12
266:1 November
240:1 November
187:References
181:Nonivamide
133:California
30:PAVA spray
2256:See also:
2240:TRPV3-74a
2225:SB-705498
2220:SB-366791
2170:Lanthanum
2165:HC-067047
2085:Asivatrep
1946:Rutamarin
1810:Incensole
1760:Gingerols
1729:Estradiol
1705:, others)
1687:Carvacrol
1677:Capsaicin
1571:13-oxoODE
1561:12S-HpETE
1541:5',6'-EET
1341:Rutamarin
1240:Thio-BCTC
1193:Rutamarin
1123:Coolact P
914:HC-030031
779:olive oil
675:Gingerols
488:12S-HpETE
163:Treatment
149:Wisconsin
137:Minnesota
46:capsaicin
2190:NGD-8243
2175:Mavatrep
2160:GRC-6211
2129:cannabis
2119:cannabis
2109:cannabis
2099:cannabis
2080:AMG-9810
2056:Blockers
2037:Vanillin
2032:Tramadol
1996:cannabis
1974:Shogaols
1907:Piperine
1671:cannabis
1661:cannabis
1639:rosemary
1556:12S-HETE
1551:9-oxoODE
1498:Blockers
1448:PI(4,5)P
1436:Blockers
1414:PI(3,5)P
1321:Ononetin
1306:Nicotine
1254:Blockers
1230:fructose
1222:tastants
1168:Linalool
1153:Geraniol
1113:CIM-0216
1004:Blockers
919:Nicotine
894:A-967079
887:Blockers
847:cannabis
820:Shogaols
765:Nicotine
731:Linalool
670:Formalin
632:turmeric
628:Curcumin
602:cinnamon
592:cannabis
582:cannabis
572:cannabis
558:ASP-7663
516:Acrolein
322:cite web
234:BBC News
175:See also
141:Delaware
54:nitrogen
2210:RN-9893
2205:RN-1734
2075:AMG-517
2041:vanilla
2010:oregano
1982:Sichuan
1960:(RTX) (
1936:Protons
1899:(e.g.,
1832:Menthol
1814:incense
1734:Eugenol
1691:oregano
1631:Camphor
1599:Allicin
1589:Sichuan
1576:20-HETE
1566:13-HODE
1409:ML2-SA1
1310:tobacco
1261:AMG-333
1234:sucrose
1226:glucose
1224:(e.g.,
1207:(e.g.,
1173:Menthol
1107:Calcium
923:tobacco
899:AM-0902
828:Sichuan
769:tobacco
658:Lindera
535:mustard
521:Allicin
506:Sichuan
483:4,5-EET
445:channel
67:Effects
50:ethanol
2150:DHEA-S
2002:Thymol
1978:ginger
1901:4α-PDD
1764:ginger
1603:garlic
1585:ginger
1546:9-HODE
1443:ML-SI3
1404:ML-SA1
1399:MK6-83
1220:Sweet
1183:PMD 38
1163:Icilin
1016:DHEA-S
908:celery
824:ginger
719:celery
710:JT-010
700:Icilin
679:ginger
642:celery
547:wasabi
539:radish
525:garlic
502:ginger
120:tasers
61:CS gas
32:is an
2140:DCDPC
2006:thyme
1742:clove
1738:basil
1695:thyme
1609:AM404
1536:2-APB
1422:SF-22
1394:EVP21
1378:TRPML
1276:DCDPC
1245:WS-12
1011:DCDPC
862:onion
739:thyme
661:spp.)
622:cumin
553:AM404
395:WUSA9
216:(PDF)
209:(PDF)
97:India
87:Usage
81:TRPV1
2145:DHEA
2090:BCTC
1984:and
1941:RhTx
1836:mint
1824:Low
1775:Heat
1709:DHEA
1591:and
1520:TRPV
1466:TRPP
1427:SN-2
1358:TPPO
1177:mint
1118:Cold
1102:BCTC
1081:TRPM
1061:Pyr3
949:TRPC
830:and
508:and
457:TRPA
328:link
268:2018
242:2018
147:and
1211:) (
443:TRP
2279::
2261:•
2008:,
1980:,
1913:,
1826:pH
1740:,
1701:,
1697:,
1693:,
1649:,
1645:,
1641:,
1637:,
1587:,
1232:,
1228:,
826:,
737:,
721:,
545:,
541:,
537:,
504:,
393:.
374:,
368:,
344:.
324:}}
320:{{
259:.
232:.
195:^
143:,
139:,
135:,
99:,
95:,
2131:)
2127:(
2121:)
2117:(
2111:)
2107:(
2101:)
2097:(
2071:)
2065:(
2043:)
2039:(
2028:)
2023:/
2018:(
2012:)
2004:(
1998:)
1994:(
1988:)
1976:(
1970:)
1965:/
1954:)
1948:(
1927:)
1923:(
1917:)
1909:(
1903:)
1883:)
1879:(
1873:)
1869:(
1863:)
1859:(
1838:)
1834:(
1816:)
1812:(
1806:)
1802:(
1796:)
1792:(
1766:)
1762:(
1756:)
1750:(
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1736:(
1725:)
1721:(
1689:(
1683:)
1679:(
1673:)
1669:(
1663:)
1659:(
1653:)
1633:(
1627:)
1621:(
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1601:(
1595:)
1583:(
1490:)
1484:(
1450:2
1416:2
1349:)
1343:(
1312:)
1308:(
1217:)
1201:)
1195:(
1179:)
1175:(
1139:)
1135:(
991:)
987:(
971:)
967:(
925:)
921:(
910:)
906:(
874:)
870:(
864:)
860:(
849:)
845:(
834:)
822:(
816:)
812:(
791:)
787:(
781:)
777:(
771:)
767:(
756:)
752:(
741:)
733:(
727:)
717:(
681:)
677:(
655:(
644:)
640:(
634:)
630:(
624:)
620:(
604:)
600:(
594:)
590:(
584:)
580:(
574:)
570:(
549:)
533:(
527:)
523:(
512:)
500:(
434:e
427:t
420:v
403:.
354:.
330:)
316:.
294:.
270:.
244:.
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