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301:. It is made of wood, soapstone or bone and shaped like a whale's tooth. Sometimes it is made from a whale's tooth. It is from 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 in) in length, wide at the blowing end and tapering to the lower where it is slightly turned up. It has two or three finger holes and an extra hole bored on the underside, near the curved end, through which a cord could be passed so that it could hang around the owner's neck. It is played in the same way as a kōauau and produces a similar pure flute-like sound. The nguru is sometimes classified as a nose flute perhaps because the word
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crops. The function of this instrument is to herald spiritual pathways. As a war trumpet they were used in announcing an oncoming war-party and were dedicated to
Tumatauenga (god of war). In the announcement of harvest they were dedicated to Rongomatane (God of agriculture, arts and peace). Today they can be heard heralding the visitors onto the marae or at the opening and closing of important ceremonies.
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218:(Maori priests), seemed to be exclusively used as an oral flux between Ira Tangata (man) to Ira Atua (the Divine/Gods) or the temporal and the spiritual, which is why Māori regarded them with awe and respect; they were regarded as tapu (sacred/taboo) items of use from the tohunga. When used for entertainment and for recreation, it was a hidden and private practice.
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of the pipe. It can be played with bugle technique, with closed lips which are set in vibration by the rapid withdrawal of the tongue. Small variations of pitch can be produced by moving the forefinger over the centre opening. The putorino is believed to be created by the goddess
Raukatauri who was obsessed with moths (
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is a long version of the kōauau, usually measuring from 38 to 57 cm (15 to 22 in) long. The playing quality differs depending on the material it is made from. New
Zealand native hardwoods such as mānuka, mataī, or black maire are suitable for clean resonating effects. Like the pūtorino, it
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is known for its wide range of voices including a male voice (trumpet) and a female voice (flute). The pūtōrino varies in length from 20 to 50 cm (8 to 19.5 in) and has an uneven bore, swelling out to the centre and diminishing evenly towards the lower end, where the pipe is narrow and has
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have used taonga pūoro extensively in the genre of art music combining the traditional Maori instruments with western instruments. These composers were noted for this work in March 2013 by UK publication, Gramophone. In 2010, British film and orchestral composer, Paul Lewis collaborated with master
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The Pūrerehua can be made of bone, wood or stone, they are blade-like and swing on a long cord producing a loud, deep whirling that can be heard from a distance. A rapid spinning motion will start the music of the
Purerehua'a song as it rotates and flutters. Uses vary from luring lizards, summoning
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The Pūkaea is a traditional Maori trumpet made of wood. There are several differing designs and lengths within the Pūkaea genre. Pūkaea were used to announce relay signals at times of conflict and were also used to announce the rituals associated with the planting of kumara (sweet potato) and other
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cord or a similar substitute for binding. At the widest part of the pipe, there is an opening that often looks like an intricately carved humanistic mouth. The finest specimens are decorated at both ends with carved figures, and the open mouth is part of a head which is outlined on the flat surface
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Many of these musical traditions had been lost over time because of spiritual reservations Māori people held towards the instruments, but sensitive researchers and enthusiasts such as
Richard Nunns, Hirini Melbourne and Brian Flintoff have done considerable restorative work and provided a wealth of
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is a small, ductless and notchless flute, 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in) long, open at both ends and having from three to six finger holes placed along the pipe. Kōauau resembles flutes the world over in tone quality and in the range of sounds that can be produced by directing the breath across
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and his daughters Hine Pu te Hue and Hine
Raukatauri govern the other instruments derived from forest and earth materials. Today, sometimes substitute materials are used in the making of the instruments and several instruments fall into more than one family being a combination of materials. Māori
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The instruments previously fulfilled many functions within Māori society including a call to arms, dawning of the new day, communications with the gods and the planting of crops. They are significant in sacred ritual and also fulfill a story-telling role. Many of the sounds of the instruments and
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Taonga pūoro and their uses and classifications are intimately connected with Māori culture and religious practice. The instruments are all part of the families of the gods, and their classifications are directly related to the gods and the creation story where "The Gods sang the
Universe into
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Existence". The universal building blocks of music, melody (Rangi) and rhythm (Papa) are named for the Sky Father and Earth Mother (Ranginui and
Papatuanuku, or Rangi and Papa) from the Māori creation story. Further classifications are derived from their children. The god of the winds is
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A long flute with a notched open top which is the blowing edge and a single finger hole near the end – the instrument was chanted through and was traditionally played over the fontanelle of an infant to implant songs and tribal information into the child's subconscious.
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This Maori musical instrument is made of wood and a jade / greenstone gong and was used in the whare purakau (house of learning). Part of it is made of the jaw bone of the upokohue (pilot whale) and the striker is made from akeake, a native hardwood.
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the sharp edge of the upper aperture. Māori kōauau players were renowned for the power it gave them over the affections of women (notably illustrated by the story of Tūtānekai, who, by playing his kōauau to cause
Hinemoa to swim to him across Lake
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Taonga pūoro are currently used for their traditional purposes, but also in many genres of music from classical, orchestral, chamber music, through to pop, alternative and in film music. They were used in the musical sound tracks of films such as
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This Maori musical instrument was used as a bird lure. It was made by hollowing a gourd, drilling holes on either side and attaching a cord by which it could be swung around the head creating a whistling, chattering voice that attracted birds.
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means to sigh, moan, or snore. This is unlikely because the large end is too wide for a nostril and, if the curved end were placed in that same position, the flute would lie at an impossible angle for the player to reach the finger holes.
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was granted an honorary doctorate by the university in recognition of his contribution to New
Zealand Music and the revival of taonga pūoro. He is also a research associate at the University of Waikato.
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Conservatorium of Music has established a programme to study the instruments in a formal academic capacity under composer and director of The New Zealand Music Research Group, Martin Lodge.
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either a very small opening or none at all. The outer shape is carved from a solid piece of wood, split in half lengthwise, hollowed out like two small
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has two voices, the male (trumpet) and female (flute). The female voice can produce up to five harmonics depending on the bore.
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tunes are imitations of the sounds of nature, including the wind, the seas and the natural world of birds and insects.
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is a traditional Maori conch shell trumpet, which had a variety of roles from signaling to ceremonial and ritual use.
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Today, taonga pūoro are used more frequently at Māori ceremonies and by New Zealand composers.
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knowledge and information around the sounds, history and stories of these taonga (treasures).
808:"Horomona Horo demonstrates the Purerehua | Maori traditional instruments, taonga puoro"
701:"TAHAA: Tā Moko studio and Māori Arts Gallery – TAHAA: Tā Moko studio and Māori Arts Gallery"
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A long flute with a closed top and a transverse blowing hole and finger holes like a pōrutu.
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Video about traditional Pūoro part of the Cook Forster collection with Richard Nunns
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889:"Horomona Horo demonstrates the putaatara | Maori instruments, taonga puoro"
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994:"Wellingtonian Ariana Tikao named among latest Arts Foundation Laureate winners"
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683:"Te Papa: National Museum of New Zealand: Online Resources – Taonga Puoro"
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193:, and from him come the wind instruments. The shell instruments are from
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Knowledge of taonga pūoro has been revived over the past thirty years by
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An example of a large Pūtōrino made by Tohunga Whakairo Warren Warbrick
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in April 2020 (but this was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic).
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Its loudness can range between a flute, a trumpet, and a megaphone.
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and the Nelson Symphony Orchestra, and was due to perform it with
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1072:"Subjects – Arts and Social Sciences: University of Waikato"
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The use of these instruments, as part of the toolkit of the
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Taonga Puoro Instruments and demonstrations of their sounds
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946:. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʿi Press. pp. 60–1.
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968:"SOUNZ Aotearoa: Centre for New Zealand Music: Article"
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Refers to two kinds of wooden instruments: a pair of
863:McLean, Mervyn (music ethnologist) (14 July 1979).
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Poi awhiowhio or gourd instrument shown on the left
138:A selection of taonga pūoro from the collection of
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
840:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
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484:rain, communicating and attracting a soul mate.
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628:have all used taonga pūoro on their albums.
281:Nguru made from wood with pāua shell inserts
206:compared to neighbouring regional cultures.
944:Weavers of song: Polynesian music and dance
726:"Christchurch Library Blog: Brian Flintoff"
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359:), so it is shaped like a moth chrysilis.
768:. Auckland University Press. p. 166.
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1105:Museum of New Zealand: Te Papa Tongarewa
838:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
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728:. Christchurch library blog. 7 May 2010.
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1110:Video of Te Hekenga-a-Rangi (Excerpt 1)
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780:"Horomona Horo demonstrates the Koauau"
558:and Philip Brownlee composed the first
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743:. Nelson, New Zealand: Craig Potton.
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27:Māori traditional musical instruments
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914:"Taonga Puoro – Musical Instruments"
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348:and then lashed together again with
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60:adding citations to reliable sources
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844:from the original on 11 August 2023
832:Flintoff, Brian (22 October 2014).
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1023:The Arts Foundation of New Zealand
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992:Green, Kate (26 September 2020).
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1019:"Ariana Tikao's Biography"
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293:oscillator class, like an
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942:MacLean, Mervyn (1999).
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932:McLean (1996), p. 171
662:Maoridictionary.co.nz
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148:are the traditional
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150:musical instruments
866:Te puna wai kōrero
658:"Māori Dictionary"
602:Green Fire Islands
532:Legends of Rotorua
505:Once Were Warriors
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519:Gillian Whitehead
356:Liothula omnivora
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1292:Ariana Tikao
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1079:. Retrieved
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29:
1044:"TE KARAKA"
998:Stuff.co.nz
834:"Case moth"
766:Māori Music
705:Tahaa.co.nz
612:, pop, and
554:. In 2015,
548:storyteller
511:Whale Rider
229:Instruments
158:New Zealand
1307:Categories
1287:Ruby Solly
1223:Percussion
1194:Pūmotomoto
1028:7 December
1003:7 December
644:References
622:Tiki Taane
446:(i.e. the
318:Pūmotomoto
112:April 2021
82:newspapers
1246:Pūrerehua
1130:. YouTube
1124:. YouTube
1118:. YouTube
1112:. YouTube
471:Pūrerehua
440:slit drum
291:Helmholtz
259:albatross
1214:Pūtātara
1199:Pūtōrino
1081:19 April
1053:19 April
977:19 April
898:19 April
842:Archived
817:19 April
789:19 April
710:19 April
667:19 April
560:concerto
436:clappers
410:pūtātara
393:Pūtātara
379:Trumpets
341:pūtōrino
327:Pūtōrino
195:Tangaroa
1239:Whirled
893:YouTube
848:17 July
812:YouTube
784:YouTube
606:hip-hop
552:soprano
295:ocarina
255:Rotorua
216:tohunga
191:Tawhiri
152:of the
96:scholar
1209:Pūkaea
1204:Pōrutu
1179:Kōauau
950:
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572:Stroma
450:tōʻere
444:Tahiti
430:Tōkere
384:Pūkaea
372:pōrutu
366:Pōrutu
250:kōauau
244:Kōauau
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18:Pūkaea
1184:Nguru
614:opera
544:flute
303:nguru
287:nguru
273:Nguru
103:JSTOR
89:books
1189:Rehu
1172:Wind
1083:2021
1055:2021
1030:2021
1005:2021
979:2021
948:ISBN
900:2021
850:2021
819:2021
791:2021
745:ISBN
712:2021
669:2021
631:The
624:and
588:and
550:and
540:harp
521:and
508:and
458:and
408:The
370:The
350:flax
346:waka
339:The
310:Rehu
285:The
248:The
199:Tane
75:news
616:.
299:xun
297:or
267:utu
263:moa
261:or
156:of
58:by
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