24:
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around 1800, he reports that he was the subject of interest of
Ozaawindib, who at that time was about 50 years old and already had several husbands. Tanner reported that after rejecting repeated advances by Ozaawindib, Ozaawindib was still determined to win Tanner's heart. Ozaawindib disappeared for
144:
reported from his
Pembina Post in 1797 that when Ozaawindib was drunk, "he was not merely a nuisance but a bothersome man." By 1800, Ozaawindib and Wenji-dotaagan were listed by Henry as part of his crew, with Henry recalling Ozawiindib as having been "the best runner among the Saulteurs ", famous
230:
Both son and brother of
Ozaawindib were named Wiishkobak, and the father was present at Prairie du Chien. However, the portrayed man is thought to look too young for the father of at least fifty year old Ozaawindib, so he is likely to be the younger Wiishkobak or another son of the older
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a few days and returned to camp with much-needed fresh meat. However, even after gifting him with meat, Tanner still rejected
Ozaawindib. Finally accepting that the courtship had failed, Ozaawindib became the third wife of Chief
164:. Schoolcraft convinced Ozaawindib to serve as his guide back to Gaa-Miskwaawaakokaag. Ozaawindib guided Schoolcraft and his men to Gaa-Miskwaawaakokaag and then to Omashkoozo-Zaaga’igan (Elk-Lake), renamed by Schoolcraft to
172:, the expedition returned to the Ojibwe village on Gaa-Miskwaawaakokaag. On July 16th, 1832, Schoolcraft called a formal council, where he presented Ozaawindib with a medal. According to Schoolcraft, there was no
76:
warrior. Ozaawindib, who was born male, at times wore attire more typically associated with women. Ozaawindib had several husbands and was considered in a number of ways to be
240:
By those who have written about
Ozaawindib, who may or may not have been familiar with what was considered gendered attire by the Ojibwe at that time and place.
513:
508:
160:, about a war party from Leech Lake, departing to pursue the Dakota. They met with Schoolcraft, accompanied by an expedition of men, near
178:(hereditary chief) present in the village, but Ozaawindib was “the principal man in the band.” Schoolcraft did not mention the
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395:
443:
New Light on the Early
History of the Greater Northwest: The Manuscript Journals of Alexander Henry and of David Thompson
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Narrative of an
Expedition Through the Upper Mississippi to Itasca Lake: The Actual Source of This River
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in words: "This man was one of those who make themselves women, and are called women by the
Indians."
148:
In June 1832, Ozaawindib and another Ojibwe from Gaa-Miskwaawaakokaag were traveling to the fort at
436:
Letters and notes on the
Manners, Customs and Condition of the Indians of North America, 1832-39.
471:
Personal
Memoirs Of A Residence Of Thirty Years With The Indian Tribes On The American Frontiers
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23:
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306:"Two-Spirit People: Sex, Gender & Sexuality in Historic and Contemporary Native America"
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Ozaawindib was likely born in the mid to late seventeen hundreds. Ozaawindib's father was
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This article is about the 19th century Ojibwe warrior. For other uses, see
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473:. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo and Co., reprint New York: Arno Press
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252:(recorded as Wa-ge-to-tah-gun or "That Has a Bell") often he went by
65:
71:
61:
313:
National Congress of American Indians Policy Research Center
281:"On "Sweet," "Yellow Head," and "Two-Spirit" | MR Online"
100:. By 1800, the Pillagers, including Ozaawindib, lived on
96:", recorded as "Wesh-ko-bug"), a chief of the Leech Lake
27:
Wiishkobak, Ozaawindib’s brother or father, in 1825 at
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status or any gender nonconformity from Ozaawindib.
145:for a heroic feat during a fight with the Dakota.
485:
190:Ozaawindib is remembered in place names such as
112:, who engaged in warfare with migrating Ojibwe.
480:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press.
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452:St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press.
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476:Warren, William W. (1885, reprint 1984)
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304:Pruden, Harlan; Edmo, Se-ah-dom (2016).
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450:Manuscripts of Rev. J. A. Gilfillan.
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514:People from pre-statehood Wisconsin
509:People from pre-statehood Minnesota
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168:. After visiting the source of the
108:- terrain earlier inhabited by the
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466:. New York: Harper & Brothers.
44:in English, recorded variously as
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462:Schooolcraft, Henry Rowe. (1834)
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445:. New York: Francis P. Harper.
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279:Thorstad, David (2015-03-24).
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210:, and as Yellow Head Point of
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478:History of the Ojibway People
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64:) was an early 19th century (
469:—————, (1851, reprint 1975)
381:"Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary"
129:When Tanner encamped on the
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7:
441:Coues, Elliott, ed. (1897)
438:London: Tosswill and Myers.
18:Ozaawindib (disambiguation)
10:
535:
256:(recorded as "Wa-ge-tote")
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455:James, Edwin, ed. (1830)
185:
457:Captivity of John Tanner
448:Gilfillan, J. A. (1893)
434:Catlin, George. (1841)
504:American Ojibwe people
196:Ozaawindibe-zaaga'igan
131:Red River of the North
122:
70:
32:
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208:Anishinaabe language
102:Gaa-Miskwaawaakokaag
78:gender-nonconforming
499:19th-century deaths
494:18th-century births
407: /
411:47.21472°N 95.21°W
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519:Two-spirit people
218:Explanatory notes
204:Ozaawindibe-ziibi
200:Schoolcraft River
170:Mississippi River
158:Henry Schoolcraft
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136:Wenji-dotaagan
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92:("Sweet" or "
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54:O-zaw-wan-dib
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50:O-zaw-wen-dib
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42:"Yellow Head"
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288:. Retrieved
285:mronline.org
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214:in English.
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459:. New York.
414: /
358:, pp. 90-91
231:Wiishkobak.
212:Lake Itasca
166:Lake Itasca
162:Fond du Lac
114:John Tanner
68:1797-1832)
488:Categories
402:95°12′36″W
399:47°12′53″N
290:2022-12-20
264:References
118:Ozaawindib
116:described
106:Leech Lake
90:Wiishkobak
46:Oza Windib
37:Ozaawindib
368:New Light
356:Captivity
329:Captivity
254:Wenji-dot
206:) in the
98:Pillagers
84:Biography
60:, etc.) (
58:Ozawondib
370:, p. 164
180:aayaakwe
123:aayaakwe
94:Le Sucre
346:, 2:241
344:Letters
331:, p. 89
198:) and
186:Legacy
175:ogimaa
72:agokwa
62:Ojibwe
309:(PDF)
104:near
66:fl.
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336:^
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271:^
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40:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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