34:. Overtraining is also known as chronic fatigue, burnout and overstress in athletes. It is suggested that there are different variations of overtraining, firstly monotonous program over training suggest that repetition of the same movement such as certain weight lifting and baseball batting can cause performance plateau due to an adaption of the central nervous system which results from a lack of stimulation. A second example of overtraining is described as chronic overwork type training where the subject may be training with too high intensity or high volume and not allowing sufficient recovery time for the body. Up to 10% of elite endurance athletes and 10% of American college swimmers are affected by overtraining syndrome (unexplained underperformance for approximately 2 weeks even after having adequate resting time).
378:
Thus, if avoiding overtraining means preventing exhaustion, passive recovery or "static rest" is safest. If active recovery is performed during intense exercise, an athlete may find themselves in a state of being overtrained. The gradual variation of intensity and volume of training is also an effective way to prevent overtraining.
26:. Overtraining can be described as a point where a person may have a decrease in performance and plateauing as a result of failure to consistently perform at a certain level or training load; a load which exceeds their recovery capacity. People who are overtrained cease making progress, and can even begin to lose
377:
Passive recovery, instead of active recovery, is a form of rest that is recommended to be performed by athletes in between rigorous, intermittent exercise. With active recovery, time to exhaustion is much shorter because the muscles are deoxygenated at a much quicker rate than with passive recovery.
142:
Overtraining can affect the athlete's athletic ability and other areas of life, such as performance in studies or the work force. An overtrained athlete who is suffering from physical and or psychological symptoms could also have trouble socialising with friends and family, studying for an exam or
250:
Adapting nutritional intake can help to prevent and treat overtraining. Athletes in different fields will emphasize different proportional nutrition factors on the diet mainly including proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The diet includes a calorie intake that at least matches expenditure, ideally
163:
generated and regulated by the exercise. Whether strictly due to this chemical by-product or not, some people can be said to become addicted to or fixated on psychological/physical effects of physical exercise and fitness. This may lead to over exercise, resulting in the "overtraining" syndrome.
1280:
Veljkovic, M.; Dopsaj, V.; Stringer, W. W.; Sakarellos-Daitsiotis, M.; Zevgiti, S.; Veljkovic, V.; Glisic, S.; Dopsaj, M. (15 June 2009). "Aerobic exercise training as a potential source of natural antibodies protective against human immunodeficiency virus-1: Aerobic exercise against HIV-1".
108:
It is important to note the difference between overtraining and over-reaching; over-reaching is when an athlete is undergoing hard training but with adequate recovery, overtraining however, is when an athlete is undergoing hard training without the adequate recovery. With over-reaching, the
369:, unless performed incorrectly and in harmful environments, CrossFit presents no serious physical threat to the human body, and research into whether rhabdomyolysis cases and CrossFit are correlated is inconclusive.
282:
is the protein that causes the lethal reaction in the body. Early detection of the syndrome is essential in full recovery. A serious late complication of rhabdomyolysis which occurs in 15% of the population is
155:. Addiction can be defined as the frequent engaging in the behavior to a greater extent or for a longer time period than intended. It is theorized that this addiction is due to natural
363:
has become more and more prevalent and popular, this has led to speculation that spikes in rhabdomyolysis cases are related to CrossFit. According to a study performed in the
274:
is an extreme and potentially deadly form of overtraining that leads to a breakdown of skeletal muscle which makes its way into the blood. Many molecules such as potassium,
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649:
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365:
1324:
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564:
66:, a persistently high heart rate after adequate rest such as in the morning after sleep, can be an indicator of overtraining.
1013:
Draeger, John; Yates, Alayne; Crowell, Douglas (2005). "The
Obligatory Exerciser: Assessing an Overcommitment to Exercise".
255:
ratio. During the recovery process, extra calories from diets may help the body speed the recovery. Finally, addressing
59:, different from just being tired from a hard training session, occurs when fatigue continues even after adequate rest.
1463:
Hak, Paul Taro; Hodzovic, Emil; Hickey, Ben (2013). "The nature and prevalence of injury during CrossFit training".
986:
Adams, Jeremy; Kirkby, Robert (1998). "Exercise dependence: A review of its manifestation, theory and measurement".
852:
Lehmann, M.J.; Lormes, W.; Opitz-Gress, A; Steinacker, J.M.; Netzer, N.; Foster, C.; Gastmann, U. (17 March 1997).
1405:
50:
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204:
The most effective way to treat the effects of overtraining is to allow the body enough time to recover:
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1355:"Effects of massage on physiological restoration, perceived recovery, and repeated sports performance"
627:
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Short sprints with long resting time once the athlete is able to continue with light training.
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are used up faster than they are supplied in the diet, a condition sometimes referred to as "
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A number of possible mechanisms for overtraining have been proposed. One stipulates that
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854:"Training and overtraining: an overview and experimental results in endurance sports"
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Hemmings, Brian; Smith, Marcus; Graydon, Jan; Dyson, Rosemary (28 October 1999).
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275:
460:"Physical activity and mental health: the association between exercise and mood"
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808:"Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout in Child and Adolescent Athletes"
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1506:"Passive versus active recovery during high-intensity intermittent exercises"
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252:
42:
Listed below are some of the common effects and cited signs of overtraining.
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occurs when a person exceeds their body's ability to recover from strenuous
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1139:"Protein and Overtraining: Potential Applications for Free-Living Athletes"
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consequential drop in performance can be resolved in a few days or weeks.
173:
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585:"A review of overtraining syndrome-recognizing the signs and symptoms"
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are created faster than the body can heal them. Another proposes that
759:"Fatigue and underperformance in athletes: the overtraining syndrome"
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156:
87:
76:
45:
Overtraining may be accompanied by one or more concomitant symptoms:
427:"Overtraining: A Review of the Signs, Symptoms and Possible Causes"
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23:
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Lowery, & Forsythe, Lonnie, & Cassandra (April 19, 2006).
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Like pharmacological drugs, physical exercise may be chemically
951:
Mitchell A (2007). "Confronting
Addiction Across Disciplines".
348:
177:
82:
1085:"Overtraining effects on immunity and performance in athletes"
705:"Overtraining effects on immunity and performance in athletes"
225:
1430:
Sauret, John M.; Marinides, George; Wang, Gordon K. (2002).
397:"Overtraining - Learn how to identify Overtraining Syndrome"
192:
has been considered as a mechanism in which the release of
278:, phosphate, and myoglobin are released into circulation.
1352:
893:
Kreider, R. B.; Fry, A. C.; O'Toole, M. L., eds. (1998).
1283:
Scandinavian
Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
208:
Taking a break from training to allow time for recovery.
555:
Whyte, Gregory; Harries, Mark; Williams, Clyde (2005).
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655:. American College of Sports Medicine. Archived from
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457:
554:
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263:has been proposed as a way to speed up recovery.
238:Self-massage or rub down of the affected muscles.
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1510:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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1466:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
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431:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
366:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
211:Reducing volume and/or intensity of training.
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1208:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
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287:, and in some cases it can lead to death.
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1143:International Society of Sports Nutrition
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953:Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology
912:"Addiction: definition and implications"
559:. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 46–49.
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196:activates an excessive immune response.
16:Result from excessive strenuous exercise
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805:
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650:"Overtraining with Resistance Exercise"
259:deficiencies with improved diet and/or
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501:"Overtraining Syndrome in the Athlete"
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1504:Dupont Grégory; et al. (2004).
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858:Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
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557:ABC of sports and exercise medicine
13:
1523:10.1249/01.mss.0000113477.11431.59
1359:British Journal of Sports Medicine
929:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01620.x
763:British Journal of Sports Medicine
757:Budgett, Richard (10 March 1998).
630:. The American Council on Exercise
628:"Top 10 Signs You're Overtraining"
14:
1568:
1327:. Rice University. Archived from
1101:10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-7-.x
1083:MacKinnon, Laurel (30 May 2000).
721:10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-7-.x
703:MacKinnon, Laurel (30 May 2000).
541:
413:
266:
1295:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00962.x
1221:10.1097/00005768-200002000-00011
1202:Smith, Lucille (November 1999).
1015:The Physician and Sportsmedicine
806:Brenner, Joel S (June 1, 2007).
583:Johnson, MB; Thiese, SM (1992).
499:Carfagno D.; Hendrix J. (2014).
444:10.1519/00124278-199102000-00006
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1056:Baldwin, Dave R. (2002-03-27).
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682:"Overtraining and Osteoporosis"
505:Current Sports Medicine Reports
477:10.1590/s1807-59322005000100012
1261:. Hospital for Special Surgery
1059:Exercise Motivational Triggers
674:
492:
458:Peluso M., Andrade L. (2005).
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395:Walker, Brad (17 March 2002).
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135:Inability to complete workouts
112:
1:
1089:Immunology & Cell Biology
381:
372:
1475:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000318
1406:"Overtraining Recovery Tips"
589:Journal of Athletic Training
518:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000027
199:
167:
75:Increased susceptibility to
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988:Research in Sports Medicine
709:Immunology and Cell Biology
355:CrossFit and rhabdomyolysis
10:
1573:
1437:American Family Physician
1062:. iUniverse. p. 53.
1000:10.1080/15438629809512532
272:Exertional rhabdomyolysis
132:Poor physical performance
1156:10.1186/1550-2783-3-1-42
235:of the affected muscles.
146:
1325:"Overtraining Syndrome"
1027:10.3810/psm.2005.06.101
261:nutritional supplements
245:
81:Increased incidence of
824:10.1542/peds.2007-0887
231:Deep-tissue or sports
118:Early onset of fatigue
71:heart rate variability
1371:10.1136/bjsm.34.2.109
965:10.1353/ppp.2007.0016
896:Overtraining in sport
775:10.1136/bjsm.32.2.107
291:Clinical presentation
190:systemic inflammation
143:preparing for work.
1552:Exercise physiology
285:acute kidney injury
251:forming a suitable
910:Goodman A (1990).
186:protein deficiency
49:Persistent muscle
38:Signs and symptoms
1408:. Health Guidance
1331:on 21 August 2009
1069:978-0-595-21603-1
922:(11): 1403–1408.
899:. Human Kinetics.
566:978-0-7279-1813-0
425:Stone, M (1991).
322:Tea colored urine
62:Elevated resting
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1432:"Rhabdomyolysis"
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88:Irritability
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20:Overtraining
19:
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864:(1): 7–17.
307:Muscle pain
182:amino acids
174:microtrauma
113:Performance
55:Persistent
1546:Categories
812:Pediatrics
406:2016-05-17
382:References
373:Prevention
310:Tenderness
157:endorphins
121:Decreased
93:Depression
77:infections
64:heart rate
973:143689824
916:Addiction
437:: 35–50.
342:Agitation
339:Confusion
280:Myoglobin
224:Increase
214:Suitable
200:Treatment
194:cytokines
168:Mechanism
153:addictive
1532:14767255
1491:43006518
1483:24276294
1450:11898964
1389:10786866
1311:25079796
1303:19538533
1238:22001535
1230:10694113
1175:18500962
1122:12 April
1117:37150248
1109:11050533
1043:37636507
1035:20086364
875:15 April
837:15 April
832:17545398
742:15 April
737:37150248
729:11050533
611:16558192
535:38361107
527:24412891
486:15838583
361:CrossFit
345:Delirium
319:Bruising
316:Weakness
313:Swelling
161:dopamine
83:injuries
69:Reduced
51:soreness
28:strength
24:exercise
1412:25 June
1380:1724183
1335:25 June
1265:25 June
1166:2129153
938:2285834
870:9190120
793:9631215
784:1756078
688:25 June
666:25 June
634:25 June
602:1317287
464:Clinics
329:Malaise
257:vitamin
233:massage
178:muscles
176:to the
103:Burnout
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336:Emesis
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295:": -->
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1234:S2CID
1113:S2CID
1039:S2CID
969:S2CID
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653:(PDF)
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325:Fever
228:time.
226:sleep
147:Cause
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1479:PMID
1446:PMID
1414:2014
1385:PMID
1337:2014
1299:PMID
1267:2014
1226:PMID
1189:link
1171:PMID
1124:2015
1105:PMID
1064:ISBN
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934:PMID
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789:PMID
744:2015
725:PMID
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668:2014
636:2014
607:PMID
561:ISBN
523:PMID
482:PMID
297:edit
246:Diet
159:and
129:max)
30:and
1518:doi
1471:doi
1375:PMC
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1291:doi
1216:doi
1161:PMC
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