375:
386:
391:
390:
388:
574:
There are approximately one million
Oshiwambo speakers in Namibia and Angola. Though it is mainly spoken in the northern regions of Namibia, it is widely spoken across the rest of the country by populations of migrant workers from Ovamboland. These workers comprise a large part of the population in
392:
393:
389:
387:
1711:
928:
Omupangi umwe okwa li a nyeka nge embo olo, ndele ta lesha oshipalanyole shalo, nokupula nge ta kondjifa ngeenge ohandi ka ninga umwe womEendombwedi daJehova ile hasho.
1704:
672:
There are eight dialects, including the two written standards
Kwanyama and Ndonga. Oshiwambo culture is more dominant in the northern part of the country.
1045:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
1697:
479:), which is also used specifically for the Kwanyama and Ndonga dialects. It is the largest spoken local language in Namibia, particularly by the
559:. The population, estimated at between 700,000 and 750,000, fluctuates remarkably. This is because of the indiscriminate border drawn up by the
1174:
1147:
1403:
937:
A nurse grabbed the book from me, looked at the cover, and demanded to know whether I was going to become one of
Jehovah's Witnesses.
2600:
1725:
318:
675:
The following table contains the names, areas, dialect names and the locations of the Ovambo dialects according to T. E. Tirronen's
1097:
Edhina
Ekogidho ā Names as Links: The Encounter between African and European Anthroponymic Systems among the Ambo People in Namibia
1033:
130:
125:
1114:
1167:
1396:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
1689:
1160:
1053:
204:
198:
228:
222:
2481:
1389:
95:
2557:
115:
2493:
2487:
2445:
595:
appear to have originally been exonyms. Despite extensive speculation, their origin remains unknown.
105:
100:
89:
575:
many towns, particularly in the south, where there are jobs in the mining industry. For example, in
2652:
1772:
24:
1075:
1748:
1632:
1354:
1331:
564:
2603:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
2591:
2041:
1183:
503:
8:
2475:
1929:
1923:
1813:
1412:
1370:
2368:
1778:
1426:
1213:
374:
20:
1492:
1326:
308:
2035:
1587:
1582:
1512:
1311:
1288:
1258:
1218:
1110:
579:, an 18-hour drive from Ovamboland, at least 50% of the population speaks Oshiwambo.
560:
445:
293:
110:
567:
during colonial rule, which cut through the
Oukwanyama tribal area, placing some in
2316:
2164:
2128:
2087:
2023:
2005:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1935:
1871:
1807:
1760:
1673:
1658:
1617:
1597:
1517:
1457:
1452:
1273:
1197:
1100:
834:
544:
510:
502:). An obvious sign of proximity is the prefix used for language and dialect names,
461:
415:
282:
252:
169:
1719:
2522:
2516:
2469:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2298:
2292:
2235:
2223:
2099:
2093:
2081:
2047:
1947:
1941:
1859:
1721:
1678:
1663:
1637:
1622:
1612:
1607:
1592:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1527:
1502:
1462:
1447:
1283:
1263:
1253:
1235:
1223:
556:
495:
120:
81:
2584:
2563:
2551:
2528:
2463:
2457:
2439:
2427:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2333:
2304:
2286:
2280:
2229:
2140:
2134:
2111:
2017:
2011:
1970:
1865:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1790:
1784:
1766:
1754:
1642:
1627:
1602:
1577:
1572:
1532:
1522:
1507:
1487:
1268:
1245:
758:
737:
548:
465:
272:
262:
174:
1008:
994:
980:
966:
952:
2646:
2534:
2510:
2433:
2252:
2029:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1477:
1467:
1442:
1346:
1336:
1316:
1293:
862:
Maho (2009) lists the following as distinct languages in the Ovambo cluster:
552:
487:
480:
449:
62:
1084:– via Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
2451:
2310:
2105:
1964:
1321:
1278:
491:
288:
277:
267:
257:
247:
1497:
576:
1152:
1013:
999:
985:
971:
957:
826:
768:
743:
680:
540:
534:
1381:
1105:
571:
and others in
Namibia. This results in regular cross-border movement.
1230:
301:
238:
214:
190:
1482:
750:
539:
After
Namibia's independence in 1990, the area previously known as
2075:
1547:
1542:
1303:
729:
615:
457:
398:
379:
52:
2608:
Narrow Bantu languages by
Guthrie classification zone templates
1668:
1472:
840:
568:
453:
48:
1076:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights ā Oshiwambo (Ndonga)"
436:
418:
427:
679:. The table also contains information concerning which
1134:. Oniipa, Namibia: Oshinyanyangidho shongeleki ELCIN.
614:
is sometimes used, and in
English publications from
433:
424:
922:
430:
421:
1094:
378:Modern-day distribution of Oshiwambo speakers in
2644:
606:by the German colonial authorities. In English,
486:The language is closely related to that of the
1705:
1397:
1168:
667:
661:in English; the endonym in both standards is
1099:. Helsinki: SKS Finnish Literature Society.
2632:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones NāS)
2627:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones JāM)
2622:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones EāH)
2617:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones CāD)
2612:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones AāB)
1712:
1698:
1404:
1390:
1175:
1161:
649:(Kwanyama); the singular in both cases is
1104:
1028:
1026:
1182:
1129:
384:
373:
1411:
2645:
1023:
1693:
1385:
1156:
460:, of which the written standards are
683:of Proto-Bantu the words belong to.
633:The people are generally called the
471:The native name for the language is
653:. The language is generally called
13:
2590:Languages between parentheses are
946:
641:in English. The endemic forms are
517:), which in Herero has evolved to
14:
2664:
1148:PanAfrican L10n page on Oshiwambo
1141:
1095:Saarelma-Maunumaa, Minna (2003).
839:Northern and Eastern Ovamboland,
923:Sample text in Ovambo (Kwanyama)
626:are seen. The endemic forms are
509:(class 7, as in the name of the
414:
1034:New Updated Guthrie List Online
397:An Ovambo speaker, recorded in
2594:of the language on their left.
1123:
1088:
1068:
1038:
326:R.20 (R.21ā24,211ā218,241ā242)
1:
1130:Tirronen, Toivo Emil (1986).
940:
856:northwest, Epalela vicinity
630:Ndonga, Kwanyama and Kwambi
7:
10:
2669:
668:Ovambo tribes and dialects
532:
528:
18:
2576:
2543:
2502:
2419:
2342:
2325:
2272:
2265:
2244:
2215:
2120:
2067:
2060:
1997:
1956:
1915:
1908:
1851:
1822:
1799:
1740:
1733:
1651:
1435:
1419:
1363:
1345:
1302:
1244:
1206:
1190:
1132:NdongaāEnglish Dictionary
697:
694:
691:
688:
677:Ndonga-English Dictionary
521:and in Ovambo further to
364:
356:
348:
340:
335:
315:
299:
236:
212:
188:
183:
160:
78:
74:(1,441,000 cited 1990 mm)
68:
58:
44:
37:
32:
1032:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
995:Mbalanhu (Central Wambo)
19:Not to be confused with
1019:(subscription required)
1005:(subscription required)
991:(subscription required)
977:(subscription required)
963:(subscription required)
598:The country was called
582:
25:Ambo language (Nigeria)
2601:Guthrie classification
1726:Guthrie classification
1355:Namibian Sign Language
620:Owamboland, Wamboland,
402:
382:
21:Ambo language (Zambia)
1246:Other Bantu languages
1050:New African Frontiers
610:predominates, though
543:was divided into the
396:
377:
101:VoltaāCongo languages
1184:Languages of Namibia
1814:Mwera of Mbamba Bay
1413:Languages of Angola
1364:Immigrant languages
1207:Recognized regional
1056:on January 30, 2009
821:Western Ovamboland
807:Western Ovamboland
793:Western Ovamboland
779:Central Ovamboland
763:Central Ovamboland
628:Owambo kingdoms are
126:Kavango ā Southwest
2446:(Northern) Ndebele
1436:National languages
1046:"Namibia ā People"
403:
383:
2640:
2639:
2585:extinct languages
2572:
2571:
2261:
2260:
2230:North-West Herero
2056:
2055:
1904:
1903:
1687:
1686:
1420:Official language
1379:
1378:
1191:Official language
1116:978-951-746-529-8
1106:10.21435/sflin.11
1017:(18th ed., 2015)
1003:(18th ed., 2015)
989:(18th ed., 2015)
975:(18th ed., 2015)
961:(18th ed., 2015)
860:
859:
394:
372:
371:
352:Aawambo, Ovawambo
331:
330:
111:Bantoid languages
2660:
2494:Sumayela Ndebele
2270:
2269:
2207:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
2065:
2064:
1913:
1912:
1738:
1737:
1724:(Zones NāS) (by
1714:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1108:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1052:. Archived from
1042:
1036:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1006:
992:
978:
964:
950:
913:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
835:Kwanyama dialect
818:Otshi-kolonkadhi
722:(*ki > oshi-)
706:(*ny > on-),
686:
685:
557:Oshikoto Regions
511:Swahili language
444:) language is a
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
413:
395:
333:
332:
327:
321:
311:
291:
280:
270:
260:
250:
241:
232:
231:
225:
217:
208:
207:
201:
193:
116:Southern Bantoid
84:
30:
29:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2653:Ovambo language
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2568:
2539:
2498:
2415:
2338:
2321:
2257:
2240:
2236:Botswana Herero
2211:
2116:
2052:
2042:Lomwe of Malawi
1993:
1952:
1900:
1847:
1818:
1795:
1791:Ngoni of Malawi
1729:
1722:Bantu languages
1718:
1688:
1683:
1647:
1431:
1415:
1410:
1380:
1375:
1359:
1341:
1298:
1240:
1202:
1186:
1181:
1144:
1139:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1007:
1004:
993:
990:
979:
976:
965:
962:
951:
947:
943:
925:
920:
790:Otshi-kwaluudhi
776:Otshi-ngandjera
670:
585:
537:
531:
496:Herero language
446:dialect cluster
417:
411:
410:
385:
368:Owambo, Ouwambo
325:
322:
317:
307:
287:
286:
285:(Central Wambo)
276:
275:
266:
265:
256:
255:
246:
245:
237:
227:
221:
220:
213:
203:
197:
196:
189:
179:
163:
156:
131:Southwest Bantu
85:
82:Language family
80:
71:
70:Native speakers
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2666:
2656:
2655:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1744:
1742:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1347:Sign languages
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1142:External links
1140:
1138:
1137:
1122:
1115:
1087:
1067:
1037:
1022:
944:
942:
939:
924:
921:
919:
918:
917:
916:
915:
914:
908:
905:
902:
899:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
864:
858:
857:
854:
851:
848:
844:
843:
837:
832:
829:
823:
822:
819:
816:
813:
809:
808:
805:
802:
799:
795:
794:
791:
788:
785:
781:
780:
777:
774:
771:
765:
764:
761:
759:Kwambi dialect
756:
753:
747:
746:
740:
738:Ndonga dialect
735:
732:
726:
725:
723:
717:
711:
700:
699:
696:
693:
690:
669:
666:
584:
581:
565:German Empires
533:Main article:
530:
527:
475:(also written
448:spoken by the
370:
369:
366:
362:
361:
358:
354:
353:
350:
346:
345:
342:
338:
337:
329:
328:
323:
316:
313:
312:
305:
297:
296:
242:
234:
233:
218:
210:
209:
194:
186:
185:
184:Language codes
181:
180:
178:
177:
172:
166:
164:
162:Standard forms
161:
158:
157:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
96:AtlanticāCongo
88:
86:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
46:
45:Native to
42:
41:
35:
34:
16:Bantu language
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2665:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2488:South Ndebele
2485:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1077:
1071:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1002:
1001:
996:
988:
987:
982:
974:
973:
968:
960:
959:
954:
949:
945:
938:
935:
934:
930:
929:
912:
911:
909:
906:
903:
900:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
873:
871:
870:
869:
866:
865:
863:
855:
852:
849:
846:
845:
842:
838:
836:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
820:
817:
815:Aa-kolonkadhi
814:
812:Uu-kolonkadhi
811:
810:
806:
804:Oshi-mbalantu
803:
800:
797:
796:
792:
789:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
762:
760:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
745:
741:
739:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
705:
702:
701:
687:
684:
682:
678:
673:
665:
664:
660:
656:
655:Ovambo, Ambo,
652:
648:
645:(Ndonga) and
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
580:
578:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
536:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
481:Ovambo people
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
456:and northern
455:
451:
450:Ovambo people
447:
441:
408:
400:
381:
376:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
324:
320:
314:
310:
306:
304:
303:
298:
295:
292: ā
290:
284:
281: ā
279:
274:
271: ā
269:
264:
261: ā
259:
254:
251: ā
249:
243:
240:
235:
230:
224:
219:
216:
211:
206:
200:
195:
192:
187:
182:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
165:
159:
137:
134:
133:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
97:
94:
93:
91:
87:
83:
77:
73:
67:
64:
61:
57:
54:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
26:
22:
2580:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2158:
2152:
2146:
1652:Non-official
1537:
1131:
1125:
1096:
1090:
1079:. Retrieved
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:the original
1049:
1040:
1012:
998:
984:
970:
956:
948:
936:
932:
931:
927:
926:
867:
861:
831:Ova-kwanyama
787:Aa-kwaluudhi
784:Uu-kwaluudhi
773:Aa-ngandjera
719:
713:
707:
703:
676:
674:
671:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
632:
627:
623:
619:
612:Ambo country
611:
607:
603:
599:
597:
592:
588:
586:
573:
538:
522:
518:
514:
506:
499:
485:
476:
472:
470:
452:in southern
406:
404:
319:Guthrie code
300:
135:
38:
1896:Sena-Malawi
1332:ĒKxŹ¼auĒŹ¼ein
1312:Nama/Damara
1289:Thimbukushu
933:Translation
801:Aa-mbalantu
769:O-ngandjera
504:Proto-Bantu
106:BenueāCongo
90:NigerāCongo
2476:Nhlangwini
2452:Old Mfengu
2393:Phalaborwa
2189:Dombondola
1924:Ndengereko
1498:Kung-Ekoka
1427:Portuguese
1371:Portuguese
1327:Kung-Ekoka
1259:Rukwangali
1254:Otjiherero
1081:2021-03-11
1014:Ethnologue
1000:Ethnologue
986:Ethnologue
972:Ethnologue
958:Ethnologue
941:References
910:Kwaluudhi
893:Dombondola
827:Oukwanyama
798:O-mbalantu
744:Ovamboland
716:(*wa-, a-)
681:noun class
663:Oshiwambo.
608:Ovamboland
600:Ovamboland
587:The names
561:Portuguese
541:Ovamboland
535:Ovamboland
500:Otjiherero
412:English:
244:Variously:
2592:varieties
2583:indicate
2369:Khalaxadi
2201:Kwaluudhi
2177:Ndongwena
2147:Ngandyera
1779:Ndendeule
1538:Oshiwambo
1231:Afrikaans
1214:Oshiwambo
1009:Ngandjera
907:Ngandjera
887:Ndongwena
872:Kwanyama
853:Oshi-unda
755:Aa-kwambi
751:Uu-kwambi
742:Southern
734:Aa-ndonga
710:(uu-/ou-)
704:Classes 9
698:Location
659:Oshiwambo
545:Ohangwena
515:Kiswahili
477:Oshivambo
473:Oshiwambo
360:Oshiwambo
302:Glottolog
294:Ngandjera
239:ISO 639-3
215:ISO 639-2
191:ISO 639-1
59:Ethnicity
39:Oshiwambo
2647:Category
2281:Korekore
2171:Mbalanhu
2129:Kwanyama
1843:Manganja
1588:Mbukushu
1583:Mbangala
1518:Kwanyama
1513:Kwangali
1483:Kimbundu
1264:Setswana
1219:Kwanyama
953:Kwanyama
884:Mbalanhu
695:Dialect
651:Omuwambo
647:Ovawambo
604:Amboland
577:LĆ¼deritz
462:Kwanyama
357:Language
344:Omuwambo
309:ndon1253
283:Mbalanhu
253:Kwanyama
170:Kwanyama
2581:Italics
2535:Hlengwe
2317:Kalanga
2305:Karanga
2293:Manyika
2183:Kwankwa
2165:Mbandja
2088:Nyaneka
2076:Umbundu
1977:Makonde
1936:Matumbi
1872:Nyungwe
1808:Tumbuka
1761:Matengo
1720:Narrow
1674:Chinese
1659:English
1618:Nyaneka
1598:Ngambwe
1548:Lingala
1543:Umbundu
1458:Hakaona
1453:Gciriku
1304:Khoisan
1294:Shiyeyi
1274:Gciriku
1198:English
1060:May 16,
890:Kwankwa
881:Mbandja
730:Ondonga
720:Class 7
714:Class 2
643:Aawambo
616:Namibia
549:Omusati
529:History
458:Namibia
399:Namibia
380:Namibia
365:Country
53:Namibia
2562:[S611
2533:[S511
2523:Tsonga
2517:Gwamba
2470:Phuthi
2450:[S401
2411:Pulana
2399:Kutswe
2391:[S301
2381:Lobedu
2363:Ngwatu
2357:Kgatla
2351:Tswana
2287:Zezuru
2266:Zone S
2228:[R311
2224:Herero
2195:Esinga
2153:Kafima
2151:[R211
2141:Kwambi
2135:Ndonga
2100:Kuvale
2098:[R101
2094:Khumbi
2082:Ndombe
2061:Zone R
2048:Moniga
2036:Sakati
2028:[P311
1989:Mabiha
1983:Ndonde
1948:Mbunga
1942:Ngindo
1909:Zone P
1894:[N441
1860:Nsenga
1831:Nyanja
1812:[N201
1777:[N101
1734:Zone N
1679:Romani
1669:Arabic
1664:French
1638:Sekele
1623:Nyengo
1613:Nsongo
1608:Nkumbi
1593:Ndombe
1568:Luyana
1563:Luvale
1558:Luimbi
1553:Lucazi
1533:Ndonga
1528:Mbunda
1503:Kuvale
1473:Ibinda
1463:Herero
1448:Chokwe
1284:Kuhane
1236:German
1224:Ndonga
1113:
981:Kwambi
967:Ndonga
904:Kwambi
901:Ndonga
896:Esinga
875:Kafima
868:Ovambo
841:Angola
692:Tribe
635:Ovambo
624:Owambo
593:Ovambo
569:Angola
553:Oshana
494:, the
488:Herero
466:Ndonga
454:Angola
407:Ovambo
349:People
341:Person
273:Kwambi
263:Ndonga
175:Ndonga
136:Owambo
63:Owambo
49:Angola
33:Owambo
2564:Lenge
2558:Tonga
2529:Ronga
2492:S408
2486:S407
2480:S406
2474:S405
2468:S404
2464:Hlubi
2462:S403
2458:Bhaca
2456:S402
2440:Swati
2428:Xhosa
2409:S304
2403:S303
2397:S302
2387:Sotho
2379:S32b
2373:S32a
2367:S31d
2361:S31c
2355:S31b
2349:S31a
2334:Venda
2297:S13b
2291:S13a
2234:R312
2205:R242
2199:R241
2193:R218
2187:R217
2181:R216
2175:R215
2169:R214
2163:R213
2159:Evale
2157:R212
2112:Mbali
2110:R103
2106:Kwisi
2104:R102
2046:P341
2040:P331
2034:P312
2024:Cuabo
2018:Ngulu
2012:Lomwe
2006:Makua
1971:Mwera
1930:Ruihi
1890:Podzo
1866:Kunda
1841:N31c
1835:N31b
1829:N31a
1789:N121
1785:Nindi
1783:N102
1773:Tonga
1767:Mpoto
1755:Ngoni
1749:Manda
1643:Zemba
1628:Ruund
1603:Ngoya
1578:Mbali
1573:Mashi
1523:Lunda
1508:Kwadi
1493:!Kung
1488:Kongo
1269:Zemba
878:Evale
847:Eunda
689:Area
523:Oshi-
519:Otji-
492:Himba
121:Bantu
2599:The
2556:S62
2552:Copi
2550:S61
2527:S54
2521:S53
2515:S52
2511:Tswa
2509:S51
2482:Lala
2444:S44
2438:S43
2434:Zulu
2432:S42
2426:S41
2385:S33
2375:Pedi
2332:S21
2315:S16
2311:Ndau
2309:S15
2303:S14
2299:Tebe
2285:S12
2279:S11
2251:R41
2222:R31
2145:R24
2139:R23
2133:R22
2127:R21
2092:R14
2086:R13
2080:R12
2074:R11
2030:Koti
2022:P34
2016:P33
2010:P32
2004:P31
1987:P25
1981:P24
1975:P23
1969:P22
1963:P21
1946:P15
1940:P14
1934:P13
1928:P12
1922:P11
1888:N46
1882:N45
1878:Sena
1876:N44
1870:N43
1864:N42
1858:N41
1837:Cewa
1806:N21
1771:N15
1765:N14
1759:N13
1753:N12
1747:N11
1633:Sama
1478:Khwe
1468:Holu
1443:Bolo
1337:Kxoe
1322:ĒXĆ³Ćµ
1317:Naro
1111:ISBN
1062:2009
850:Unda
639:Ambo
622:and
602:and
591:and
589:Ambo
583:Name
563:and
555:and
507:*ki-
490:and
464:and
405:The
336:Ambo
2544:S60
2503:S50
2420:S40
2405:Pai
2343:S30
2326:S20
2273:S10
2253:Yei
2245:R40
2216:R30
2121:R20
2068:R10
1998:P30
1965:Yao
1957:P20
1916:P10
1884:Rue
1852:N40
1823:N30
1800:N20
1741:N10
1279:Fwe
1101:doi
1011:at
997:at
983:at
969:at
955:at
657:or
637:or
289:nne
278:lnb
268:kwm
258:ndo
248:kua
229:ndo
223:kua
23:or
2649::
1109:.
1048:.
1025:^
708:11
618:,
551:,
547:,
525:.
513:,
483:.
468:.
437:oŹ
226:,
205:ng
202:,
199:kj
92:?
51:,
2587:.
1728:)
1713:e
1706:t
1699:v
1405:e
1398:t
1391:v
1176:e
1169:t
1162:v
1119:.
1103::
1064:.
498:(
440:/
434:b
431:m
428:Ʀ
425:v
422:Ė
419:É
416:/
409:(
401:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.