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389:; he also discourses on philosophy and theology. The second book opens with the election of Frederick I in 1152 and deals with the history of the first five years of his reign, especially in Italy, in some detail. From this point (1156) the work is continued by Ragewin. Otto's
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The text details a period of harmony between the imperial and ecclesiastical authority which had followed from the conversion of Rome to
Christianity. Rome was seen as the fourth and final world empire. After that, authority was transferred to the Greeks
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Translated with an introduction and notes by
Charles Christopher Mierow; with a foreword and updated bibliography by Karl F. Morrison; edited by Austin P. Evans and Charles Knapp. Columbia University Press,
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in 1075 had shattered this unity. And this would thus usher in the seventh and last age in mankind's history. This period would be characterised with incessant crises that would precede the arrival of the
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and the
Hohenstaufen, and the church was in a deplorable condition; but a great improvement was brought about by the new bishop in both ecclesiastical and secular matters.
381:, the first book takes the history down to the death of Conrad III in 1152. It is not confined to German affairs, as the author digresses to tell of the preaching of
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and returned to
Bavaria in 1148 or 1149. He enjoyed the favour of Conrad's successor Frederick I, was probably instrumental in settling the dispute over the
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In 1147 Otto took part in the disastrous Second
Crusade. The section of the crusading army led by the bishop was decimated, but Otto reached
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order and chronicled at least two texts which carries valuable information on the political history of his own time. He was the
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comprises four books, the first two of which were written by Otto and the remaining two, or parts of them, by his pupil
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Otto of
Freising, as depicted on a 13th-century stained glass window in the Cistercian Abbey of Heiligenkreuz, Austria
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in 1157. Otto mentions that
Frederick I ushered in a new age of peace following years of instability and civil war.
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of a
Cistercian monk, he died at Morimond on 22 September 1158. In 1857 a statue of the bishop was erected at
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234:), a historical and philosophical work in eight books, which follows to some extent the lines laid down by
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The records of his life are scanty and the dates somewhat uncertain. He studied in
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510:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 375–376.
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in 1133, thus bringing literacy and sophisticated agriculture (including
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The Two Cities: A chronicle of universal history to the year 1146 A.D.
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Transactions and
Proceedings of the American Philological Association
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Article on his life (in German), with complete works (in Latin)
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in the late 1140s, living for another decade back in Europe.
45:; c. 1114 – 22 September 1158) was a German churchman of the
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Otto is most remembered for two important historical works:
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has been described as a "model of historical composition."
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is excellent, and in spite of a slight partiality for the
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524:. "Bishop Otto of Freising: Historian and Man",
448:. Yale University Press. pp. xxii–xxiii.
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16:German churchman and chronicler (c. 1114–1158)
445:Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth
258:, Otto reports a meeting he had with Bishop
228:Chronica sive Historia de duabus civitatibus
174:about 1136, and soon afterwards was elected
57:; he lived through the journey and reached
19:For the later bishop of the same name, see
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232:Chronicle or The History of the Two Cities
154:order, Otto convinced his father to found
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359:Deeds of Emperor Frederick
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507:Encyclopædia Britannica
442:Freed, John B. (2016).
353:Better known is Otto's
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