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58:
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373:
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1494:. The first documentation of auriculotherapy in Europe was in the 1600s. One physician described stimulating the ear by burning or scarring to treat sciatic pain, while another physician applied this treatment for toothache. Paul Nogier is known as the father of ear acupuncture for his theory that parts of the ear corresponds to other areas of the body in a reliable fashion.
690:(cervical nerves C2-C3). These nerves also supply other parts of the body, from the mouth to the chest and abdomen. Irritation of these nerves in another part of the body has the potential to produce pain in the ear. This is called referred pain. Irritation of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) is the most common cause of referred ear pain.
1424:
Worldwide, there are 709 millions cases of acute otitis media every year. Hearing loss globally due to ear infection is estimated to be 30 people in every 10,000. Around the world there is around 21,000 to 28,000 deaths due to complications from ear infections. These complications include brain abscesses and meningitis.
1206:
While not all causes of ear pain are treated with antibiotics, those caused by bacterial infections of the ear are usually treated with antibiotics known to cover the common bacterial organisms for that type of infection. Many bacterial ear infections are treated with cleaning of the area, topical or
113:
In general, the reason for ear pain can be discovered by taking a thorough history of all symptoms and performing a physical examination, without need for imaging tools like a CT scan. However, further testing may be needed if red flags are present like hearing loss, dizziness, ringing in the ear or
714:
While some disorders may require specific imaging or testing, most etiologies of ear pain are diagnosed clinically. Because the differential for ear pain is so broad, there is no consensus on the best diagnostic framework to use. One approach is to differentiate by time course, as primary causes of
143:
Ear pain due to an infection is the most common in children and can occur in babies. Adults may need further evaluation if they have hearing loss, dizziness or ringing in the ear. Additional red flags include diabetes, a weakened immune system, swelling seen on the outer ear, or swelling along the
1469:
There was previously a strong tradition of treating acute otitis media with amoxicillin. One quote from the 1980s shows this sentiment by saying "any child with an earache has an acute amoxicillin deficiency". However, people started realizing that using antibiotics too much can cause bacteria to
718:
Acute causes may be further distinguished by the presence of fever (indicating an underlying infection) or the absence of fever (suggesting a structural problem, such as such as trauma or other injury to the ear). Etiologies leading to chronic pain may be broken down by the presence or absence of
722:
One red flag is the presence of one or multiple risk factors including smoking, heavy alcohol use (greater than 3.5 drinks per day), diabetes, coronary artery disease, and older age (greater than 50). These factors increase the risk of having a serious cause of ear pain, like cancer or a serious
1423:
A common cause of primary otalgia is ear infection called otitis media, meaning an infection behind the eardrum. The peak age for children to get acute otitis media is ages 6–24 months. One review paper wrote that 83% of children had at least one episode of acute otitis media by 3 years of age.
109:
Most causes of ear pain are non-life-threatening. Primary ear pain is more common than secondary ear pain, and it is often due to infection or injury. The conditions that cause secondary (referred) ear pain are broad and range from temporomandibular joint syndrome to inflammation of the throat.
384:
is an infection of the middle ear. More than 80% of children experience at least one episode of otitis media by age 3 years. Acute otitis media is also most common in these first 3 years of life, though older children may also experience it. The most common causative bacteria are
742:, and cancer. While the presence of a red flag does raise suspicion for one of these four disease, it does not guarantee a diagnosis as any one symptom can be seen in a variety of situations. For example, jaw claudication can be seen in temporal arteritis, but also in
1207:
systemic antibiotics, and oral analgesics for comfort. Some types of bacterial ear infections can benefit from warm compresses included in the treatment. Some of the causes of ear pain that are typically treated with either a topical or systemic antibiotic include:
175:
Many conditions involving the external ear will be visible to the naked eye. Because the external ear is the most exposed portion of the ear, it is vulnerable to trauma or environmental exposures. Blunt trauma, such as a blow to the ear, can result in a
2280:
1225:(AOM) self-resolves within 24–48 hours in 80% of cases. If it does not self-resolve, AOM thought to be caused by bacteria is treated with systemic antibiotics. If symptoms do not respond to a week of treatment, a physician should evaluate for
723:
infection. In particular, second hand smoke may increase risk of acute otitis media in children. In addition, swimming is the most significant risk factor for otitis externae, though other risk factors include high humidity in the ear canal,
2341:
1460:
in
Germany. Another shift came with the invention of antibiotics. Before antibiotics was introduced there use to be a high rate of ear infections spreading to the bone around the ear, but that is now considered a rare complication.
156:. Ear pain can originate from a part of the ear itself, known as primary ear pain, or from an anatomic structure outside the ear that is perceived as pain within the ear, known as secondary ear pain. Secondary ear pain is a type of
1474:
is then used to describe the systematic effort to educate antibiotic prescribers to only give these medications when they are warranted. In particular to children, most ear pain resolves by itself with no complications. There are
2213:
316:
impaction: results in 12 million medical visits annually in the United States. Cerumen impaction may cause ear pain, but it can also prevent thorough examination of the ear and identification of an alternate source of
2942:
2927:
2023:
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should also evaluate it and if a foreign body is present in the cartilage, this foreign body should be removed. If there is cartilage involvement, then more advance care with hospitalization is needed.
266:
Malignant otitis externa is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of otitis externa in which the infection spreads from the ear canal into the surrounding skull base, hence becoming an
516:: inflammation or abnormal movements of the joint between the jaw and skull. These disorders are most common in women of childbearing age, and are uncommon in children younger than 10 years old.
160:, meaning that the source of the pain differs from the location where the pain is felt. Primary ear pain is more common in children, whereas secondary (referred) pain is more common in adults.
231:: a systemic inflammatory condition involving cartilage in many parts of the body, but often including the cartilage of both ears. The severity and prognosis of the disease varies widely.
497:: causes pain in the ear when exposed to noise that typically does not cause pain. This has been thought to be caused by type II nerves responding to damage of the outer hair cells.
2048:
491:
rupture: disruption of the eardrum. This can be caused by a blow to the ear, blast injury, barotrauma, or direct penetration of the tympanic membrane by an object entering the ear.
225:, which can develop as a complication of untreated auricular cellulitis. It is important to identify and treat perichondritis with antibiotics to avoid permanent ear deformities.
280:
is the most common causative organism. The pain tends to be more severe than in uncomplicated otitis externa, and laboratory studies often reveal elevated inflammatory markers (
2123:
Rosenfeld RM, Schwartz SR, Cannon CR, Roland PS, Simon GR, Kumar KA, Huang WW, Haskell HW, Robertson PJ (February 2014). "Clinical practice guideline: acute otitis externa".
1907:
Rosa-Olivares J, Porro A, Rodriguez-Varela M, Riefkohl G, Niroomand-Rad I (November 2015). "Otitis Media: To Treat, To Refer, To Do
Nothing: A Review for the Practitioner".
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1490:. It was believed that acupuncture of the ear could be used to correct other pain or disorders in the body. Such practices may have started as far back as the
1974:
1733:
1452:
Not much was known about ear pain and acute otitis media before the 17th century. It was a common phenomenon with no treatment. That changed when the
121:
are sometimes recommended and over the counter pain medications can help control discomfort. Some causes of ear pain require a procedure or surgery.
3243:
2569:
Scarbrough TJ, Day TA, Williams TE, Hardin JH, Aguero EG, Thomas CR (October 2003). "Referred otalgia in head and neck cancer: a unifying schema".
1401:
are initially treated with NSAIDs and physical therapy. Local anesthetic injection into the muscle trigger point can be considered in severe cases.
140:, ear itchiness, or a sense of fullness in the ear. The pain may or may not worsen with chewing. The pain may also be continuous or intermittent.
1420:
2/3 of people presenting with ear pain were diagnosed with some sort of primary otalgia and 1/3 were diagnosed with some sort secondary otalgia.
1345:
that continues to be symptomatic despite appropriate antibiotic management may require surgical debridement. Surgical drainage could be required.
358:. Symptoms can resemble those of otitis externa, and cancer should be considered if the symptoms are not improving on appropriate treatment.
628:
disorder leading to inflammation of the temporal artery, a large artery in the head. This condition tends to occur in adults older than 50.
3057:
481:
collapses due to pressure within the middle ear being less than the external pressure, which causes pain. In severe cases, middle ear
184:
of the ear. This type of injury is particularly common in contact sports such as wrestling and boxing. Environmental injuries include
1293:
is potentially fatal and should be evaluated by an otorhinolaryngologist with admission to the hospital and IV antibiotics.(See
259:. Risk factors include exposure to excessive moisture (e.g. from swimming or a warm climate) and disruption of the protective
247:
of the external ear canal. In North
America, 98% of cases are caused by bacteria, and the most common causative organisms are
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1327:
Some causes of ear pain require procedural management alone, by a health professional, or in addition to antibiotic therapy.
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that occur, for example, when descending in a plane or deep diving. As atmospheric pressure increases with descent, the
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to rule out a more dangerous diagnosis. Such diagnoses include malignant (or necrotizing) otitis externa, mastoiditis,
1385:
is an autoimmune disease treated with immunomodulating medications (medications that help modulate the immune system).
1559:
836:
775:
433:
426:
404:
550:
Conditions causing irritation of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) or glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX):
336:: varicella zoster virus can reactivate in an area that includes the ear. Reactivation can produce pain and visible
1476:
1308:
consultation and empiric IV antibiotics. Cases with intracranial involvement are treated with a mastoidectomy with
458:
2395:
Liu, C., Glowatzki, E., & Fuchs, P. A. (2015). Unmyelinated type II afferent neurons report cochlear damage.
1737:
1427:
Otitis externae peaks at age 7–12 years of age and around 10% of people has had it at least once in their lives.
1002:
595:
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Cerumen impaction occurs in 1 out of every 10 children, 1 in every 20 adults and 1 in every 3 elderly citizens.
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If there are no red flags, other sources of referred ear pain become more likely and are reasonable to pursue.
281:
1378:
Given the variety of causes of ear pain, some causes require treatment other than antibiotics and procedures.
2751:
3248:
1444:
536:: attacks of shooting pain down the face that may be triggered by touching the face or temperature changes
3129:
1215:(AOE). For symptoms that are not responsive to treatment within 10 days, a physician should evaluate for
345:
207:: a superficial infection of the ear that may be precipitated by trauma, an insect bite, or ear piercing
1404:
1351:
leads to the development of bullae on the tympanic membrane that can be punctured to give pain relief.
506:
A variety of conditions can cause irritation of one of the nerves that provides sensation to the ear.
494:
1471:
670:
Many different nerves provide sensation to the various parts of the ear, including cranial nerves V (
132:
Ear pain can present in one or both ears. It may or may not be accompanied by other symptoms such as
1630:
418:, facial nerve paralysis, or extension of infection to surrounding anatomic structures, including:
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1398:
1382:
519:
387:
228:
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ear pain are typically more acute in nature, while secondary causes of ear pain are more chronic.
124:
83 percent of children have at least one episode of a middle ear infection by three years of age.
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647:
415:
17:
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for redness, bulging, and/or a middle ear effusion (collection of fluid within the middle ear).
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276:
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399:
270:. It occurs largely in diabetic patients. It is very rare in children, though can be seen in
254:
57:
2439:
1436:
Of people presenting with ear pain, only 3% was diagnosed with eustachian tube dysfunction.
300:
in the inferior canal. It is treated with several weeks of IV and oral antibiotics, usually
739:
621:
533:
474:
301:
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There are currently studies going on delivering antibiotics directly into the middle ear.
8:
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1366:
1305:
1283:
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600:
337:
102:. Primary ear pain is pain that originates from the ear. Secondary ear pain is a type of
1993:
1018:
Pain described as tingling/sharp/burning sensation; episodes can start with light touch
522:: pain in the muscles involved in chewing. There may be certain parts of the muscles or
106:, meaning that the source of the pain differs from the location where the pain is felt.
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611:
297:
285:
193:
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1736:. American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2014-03-20. Archived from
407:
symptoms. The diagnosis is made by the combination of symptoms and examination of the
263:
barrier, which can result from aggressive ear cleaning or placing objects in the ear.
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1955:
1924:
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1619:
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527:
271:
70:
2598:
2240:"Clinical Practice Guideline (Update): Earwax (Cerumen Impaction) Executive Summary"
2152:
1831:"Chapter 32: Emergency Disorders of the Ear, Nose, Sinuses, Oropharynx, & Mouth"
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can lead to secondary ear pain and can be initially treated with a soft food diet,
1282:
Some bacterial infections may require a more advanced treatment with evaluation by
1187:
May need to remove any ear wax present to rule this out as the underlying etiology
1162:
671:
448:
153:
3019:
2814:
1943:
1775:. In Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Yealy DM, Meckler GD, Cline DM (eds.).
1519:
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gain resistance. Increasing resistance makes antibiotics less effective. The term
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1487:
1479:
in place to help determine when antibiotics for ear pain are needed in children.
1395:, application of a heat pack, massage of local area, and a referral to a dentist.
1354:
Foreign body in the ear canal can cause pain and be treated with careful removal.
1140:
581:: inflammation of the parotid gland, the salivary gland right in front of the ear
478:
372:
31:
2638:
1334:
is treated with removal of impacted desquamated keratin debris in the ear canal.
117:
Management of ear pain depends on the cause. If there is a bacterial infection,
3096:
2973:
2714:
2397:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1869:
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. (2016).
1358:
1338:
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891:
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If red flags are present it may be necessary to do additional workup such as a
289:
240:
210:
3030:
2936:
2844:
Fleming, Alexander (25 June 1945). "The
Penicillin Finder Assays its Future".
2510:
Chen, R. C.; Khorsandi, A. S.; Shatzkes, D. R.; Holliday, R. A. (2009-11-01).
1708:
1607:
3237:
3124:
2822:
2537:
2440:"Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
2256:
2239:
2136:
1448:
Professor Anton
Friedrich von Tröltsch 1869 O. Roth, Inventor of the otoscope
1408:
861:
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453:
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267:
214:
181:
157:
103:
2281:"Clinical manifestations of varicella-zoster virus infection: Herpes zoster"
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2100:"Relapsing Polychondritis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes"
1959:
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381:
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The
Patient History: An Evidence-Based Approach to Differential Diagnosis
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of the oropharynx (base of tongue, soft palate, pharyngeal wall, tonsils)
567:
554:
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connecting the muscles to bones) that are especially painful when pressed
422:
75:
2919:
1131:
Recent scuba diving or flying (+/- onset of pain coinciding with event)
3111:
3101:
3080:
3025:
2765:
2528:
2049:"Auricular Hematoma Drainage: Overview, Indications, Contraindications"
1342:
1315:
1240:
1122:
965:
706:
698:
470:
443:
244:
204:
118:
2801:
Altemeier, William A (2000-10-01). "A Brief
History of Otitis Media".
654:. These three are indistinguishable in terms of the pain experienced.
509:
Conditions causing irritation the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V):
3088:
3076:
3014:
2979:
2745:
Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M (January 2014).
1491:
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981:
Chondritis more likely than perichondritis if ear shape is distorted
651:
615:
584:
578:
573:
355:
340:
within the ear canal and, when combined with facial paralysis due to
222:
189:
164:
591:
Conditions causing irritation of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X):
3210:
1453:
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662:
482:
351:
293:
177:
1871:"Chapter 58: Sore Throat, Earache, and Upper Respiratory Symptoms"
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2984:
1251:
1184:
Pain described as ear pressure or "plugged up" sensation in ears
1147:
Pain described as ear pressure or "plugged up" sensation in ears
731:
488:
408:
185:
137:
2459:"Trigeminal Neuralgia: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy"
1773:"Chapter 118: Ear and Mastoid Disorders in Infants and Children"
152:
Ear pain has a variety of causes, the majority of which are not
2931:
1392:
1174:
735:
724:
523:
313:
260:
218:
2509:
2122:
835:
Pain is located behind the ear with postauricular (i.e. near
133:
2304:
Leung AK, Wong AH (2017). "Acute Otitis Media in
Children".
1777:
Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide
2744:
2568:
2306:
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery
95:
99:
3072:
1548:"Chapter 6: Otolaryngological aspects of orofacial pain"
1198:
Management of ear pain depends on the underlying cause.
607:
Conditions causing irritation of cervical nerves C2-C3:
2480:
2427:(3 ed.). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2183:(23rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
2179:. In Hay WW, Levin MJ, Deterding RR, Abzug MJ (eds.).
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1868:
1734:"Position Statement: Red Flags-Warning of Ear Disease"
1667:(2 ed.). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1270:
can cause secondary ear pain. Treating the underlying
719:
worrisome clinical features, also known as red flags.
323:: commonly include insects or small objects like beads
2865:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
1835:
CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Emergency Medicine
1728:
1726:
2909:
1994:"Otalgia: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1605:
429:, the area of the skull located right behind the ear
2747:"Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment"
2197:
2174:
2004:
1779:(8 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
1104:*Indicates a "Can't Miss" diagnosis or a red flag.
354:: the most common ear canal tumor is squamous cell
180:, or collection of blood between the cartilage and
2861:"Ear acupuncture in European traditional medicine"
2701:Neilan RE, Roland PS (September 2010). "Otalgia".
2340:
2212:
1837:(8 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
1723:
1663:. In Henderson MC, Tierney LM, Smetana GW (eds.).
1606:Earwood JS, Rogers TS, Rathjen NA (January 2018).
296:or brain. Examination of the ear canal may reveal
1891:
1608:"Ear Pain: Diagnosing Common and Uncommon Causes"
1433:Barotrauma occurs around 1 in every 1000 people.
948:Constant pain with increasing severity at night*
199:Less common causes of external ear pain include:
3235:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2211:Grandis, Jennifer; et al. (February 2018).
1864:
564:: pain following surgical removal of the tonsils
30:"Earache" redirects here. For record label, see
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2083:. In Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW (eds.).
2078:
1972:
1862:
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1848:
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403:. Otitis media often occurs with or following
2858:
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2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2414:
2412:
2085:Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2018
2081:"Chapter 8: Ear, Nose, & Throat Disorders"
1941:
1814:
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1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1654:
1652:
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1648:
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1482:The ear itself played a role in treatment via
885:May have history of URI or acute otitis media
603:(inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle)
3058:
2636:
2469:
2339:Klein, Jerome; et al. (September 2017).
2116:
2074:
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2062:
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642:The ear can be anatomically divided into the
2700:
2481:Morton DA, Foreman KB, Albertine KH (2011).
2181:CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment Pediatrics
1985:
1841:
1751:
927:May see granulation tissue in canal on exam
860:May see perforation of tympanic membrane or
163:Primary ear pain is most commonly caused by
2661:
2489:. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2409:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
1973:David M. Kaylie, Debara L. (October 2016).
1793:
1697:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
1637:
1520:"Earache: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1304:is treated with admission to the hospital,
666:Referred otalgia from neck and head sources
3065:
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2059:
1671:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
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1286:, IV antibiotics, and hospital admission.
1060:Extreme food temperatures exacerbate pain
167:or injury to one of the parts of the ear.
56:
2884:
2800:
2774:
2764:
2545:
2527:
2421:"Chapter 26. Temporomandibular Disorders"
2303:
2255:
2175:Yoon PJ, Scholes MA, Friedman NR (2016).
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
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956:Pain out of proportion to exam findings*
857:Relapsing/remitting or chronic discharge
307:
2562:
2278:
2238:Schwartz S, et al. (January 2017).
2237:
2214:"Malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa"
2159:
1877:(19th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
1828:
1658:
1554:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 91.
1443:
784:Severe pain; feels deep inside the ear.
705:
697:
661:
485:or tympanic membrane rupture can result.
371:
65:Examination of the ear canal and eardrum
3244:Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
2859:Gori L, Firenzuoli F (September 2007).
2843:
2630:
2418:
2405:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515228112
2210:
2046:
1694:
824:Recent history of URI or ear infection
805:Discharge followed by pain improvement
557:: infection/inflammation of the tonsils
362:
14:
3236:
2637:Schaefer P, Baugh RF (December 2012).
2377:from the original on 29 September 2023
2087:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
1770:
1568:
1464:
975:Recent ear trauma (i.e. ear piercing)
959:Biopsy granulation tissue for culture
832:May see signs of otitis media on exam
570:: infection/inflammation of the throat
414:Complications of otitis media include
243:, also known as "swimmer's ear", is a
3046:
2796:
2794:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2571:American Journal of Clinical Oncology
2456:
2338:
2177:"Chapter 18: Ear, Nose, & Throat"
657:
367:
127:
2703:The Medical Clinics of North America
2437:
2244:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
2125:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
1833:. In Stone CK, Humphries RL (eds.).
1541:
1539:
924:Pain exacerbated when ear is pulled
501:
434:petrous portion of the temporal bone
425:: infection of the air cells in the
2512:"The Radiology of Referred Otalgia"
2097:
2024:"Evaluation of earache in children"
2021:
1389:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
1365:of the cysts, oral antibiotics and
637:
24:
2791:
2729:
2583:10.1097/01.coc.0000091357.08692.86
2516:American Journal of Neuroradiology
1991:
1979:Merck Manual, Professional Version
1942:Harrison E, Cronin M (July 2016).
1550:. In Sharav Y, Benoliel R (eds.).
1038:Pain exacerbated by neck movement
632:
25:
3265:
2905:
2639:"Acute otitis externa: an update"
2318:10.2174/1874609810666170712145332
1695:Conover K (May 2013). "Earache".
1536:
1153:Crackling/gurgling sounds in ear
235:
2342:"Acute otitis media in children"
2079:Lustig LR, Schindler JS (2017).
1629:
850:Chronic suppurative otitis media
514:Temporomandibular joint syndrome
459:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
2852:
2837:
2605:
2503:
2450:
2431:
2389:
2359:
2332:
2297:
2272:
2231:
2091:
2040:
1966:
1935:
1415:
288:). The infection may extend to
170:
138:sensation of the world spinning
2487:The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy
2279:Albrecht, Mary (August 2016).
1512:
1274:will treat the ear pain. (See
1213:acute bacterial otitis externa
1201:
1158:History of seasonal allergies
978:External ear appears inflamed
710:Chronic ear pain decision tree
618:(joint inflammation), or tumor
327:
13:
1:
2815:10.3928/0090-4481-20001001-03
2752:Infection and Drug Resistance
2423:. In Lalwani, Anil K. (ed.).
1875:Harrison's Manual of Medicine
1505:
1456:was invented in the 1840s by
1322:
1193:
693:
432:Petrositis: infection of the
2613:"Ear Infections in Children"
2457:Singh, Manish (2017-09-26).
2047:Leybell, Inna (2017-06-20).
1546:Gross M, Eliashar R (2008).
1050:Swallowing exacerbates pain
874:(otitis media with effusion)
801:Perforated tympanic membrane
702:Acute ear pain decision tree
495:Noxacusis (Pain Hyperacusis)
7:
3130:Eustachian tube dysfunction
2438:Tsai, Vivian (2018-01-02).
1948:Australian Family Physician
1552:Orofacial Pain and Headache
1497:
1291:Necrotizing external otitis
1250:. There is also a risk for
1217:necrotizing external otitis
821:History of URI >10 days
10:
3270:
2715:10.1016/j.mcna.2010.05.004
1439:
1405:Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
1073:Chewing exacerbates pain*
650:, the middle ear, and the
473:: results from changes in
29:
3203:
3182:
3110:
3087:
2994:
2913:
2643:American Family Physician
1915:(11): 480–6, quiz 487–8.
1709:10.1016/j.emc.2013.02.001
1612:American Family Physician
1399:Myofascial pain syndromes
1168:Air-fluid levels present
1138:
1115:
1077:
1059:
1049:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
995:
931:
889:
843:
809:
804:
765:
760:
464:
147:
69:
64:
55:
47:
42:
3135:Patulous Eustachian tube
2257:10.1177/0194599816678832
2137:10.1177/0194599813517083
1383:Relapsing polychondritis
1373:
1150:Unilateral hearing loss
854:Conductive hearing loss
520:Myofascial pain syndrome
388:Streptococcus pneumoniae
229:Relapsing polychondritis
114:unexpected weight loss.
1992:Li, John (2017-09-21).
882:Prominent hearing loss
795:Pain may disrupt sleep
648:external auditory canal
344:involvement, is called
2419:Goddard, Greg (2012).
2104:emedicine.medscape.com
1472:antibiotic stewardship
1449:
879:No signs of infection
711:
703:
667:
394:Haemophilus influenzae
377:
308:Mechanical obstruction
3159:Middle ear barotrauma
2367:"What is Hyperacusis"
1921:10.1542/pir.36-11-480
1661:"Chapter 17:Ear Pain"
1447:
1363:incision and drainage
1262:otorhinolaryngologist
1083:Patient grinds teeth
1070:Patient age > 50*
1034:Arthritis of the neck
933:Necrotizing/malignant
904:Seborrheic dermatitis
781:Child pulling on ear
709:
701:
688:great auricular nerve
665:
546:Oral cavity carcinoma
400:Moraxella catarrhalis
375:
274:children and adults.
3152:Gradenigo's syndrome
2371:Hyperacusis Research
1909:Pediatrics in Review
1829:Stallard TC (2017).
1659:Sullivan DJ (2012).
953:Purulent discharge*
534:Trigeminal neuralgia
475:atmospheric pressure
363:Middle and inner ear
346:Ramsay Hunt syndrome
221:surrounding the ear
3249:Otorhinolaryngology
2877:10.1093/ecam/nem106
2403:(47), 14723–14727.
2131:(1 Suppl): S1–S24.
2098:Compton, Nicholas.
1465:Society and culture
1367:otorhinolaryngology
1306:otorhinolaryngology
1284:otorhinolaryngology
1109:
1095:with TMJ palpation
1066:Temporal arteritis*
989:
945:Immuno-compromised
870:Serous otitis media
754:
727:and/or ear trauma.
601:Myocardial ischemia
292:, or rarely to the
213:: infection of the
3169:Perforated eardrum
2995:External resources
2846:The New York Times
2766:10.2147/IDR.S39637
2529:10.3174/ajnr.A1605
1458:Anton von Troeltsh
1450:
1349:Bullous myringitis
1332:Keratosis obturans
1223:Acute otitis media
1181:Q-tips in the ear
1128:Recent ear trauma
1107:
987:
910:Q-tips in the ear
753:Infectious causes
752:
740:temporal arteritis
712:
704:
668:
658:Secondary ear pain
622:Temporal arteritis
378:
368:Acute otitis media
298:granulation tissue
194:contact dermatitis
128:Signs and symptoms
3231:
3230:
3040:
3039:
2871:(Suppl 1): 13–6.
2522:(10): 1817–1823.
2483:"Chapter 19. Ear"
1771:Coombs C (2016).
1252:tympanic membrane
1191:
1190:
1102:
1101:
985:
984:
844:Diagnose with CT
539:Dental pain from
528:connective tissue
502:Referred ear pain
489:Tympanic membrane
409:tympanic membrane
272:immunocompromised
81:
80:
37:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3261:
3174:Tympanosclerosis
3147:Bezold's abscess
3067:
3060:
3053:
3044:
3043:
2911:
2910:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2803:Pediatric Annals
2798:
2789:
2788:
2778:
2768:
2742:
2727:
2726:
2698:
2659:
2658:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2549:
2531:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2478:
2467:
2466:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2416:
2407:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2347:www.uptodate.com
2344:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2285:www.uptodate.com
2276:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2219:www.uptodate.com
2216:
2208:
2195:
2194:
2172:
2157:
2156:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2076:
2057:
2056:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2028:www.uptodate.com
2022:Greenes, David.
2019:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1904:
1889:
1888:
1866:
1839:
1838:
1826:
1791:
1790:
1768:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1692:
1669:
1668:
1656:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1603:
1566:
1565:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1516:
1486:, also known as
1407:is treated with
1361:is treated with
1165:and TM mobility
1110:
1106:
1056:Infected 3 molar
990:
988:Referred causes
986:
755:
751:
680:glossopharyngeal
638:Primary ear pain
449:Subdural abscess
302:fluoroquinolones
154:life-threatening
86:, also known as
60:
51:Otalgia, earache
40:
39:
21:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3199:
3178:
3114:
3106:
3083:
3074:Diseases of the
3071:
3041:
3036:
3035:
2990:
2989:
2922:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2857:
2853:
2842:
2838:
2799:
2792:
2743:
2730:
2699:
2662:
2649:(11): 1055–61.
2635:
2631:
2622:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2567:
2563:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2479:
2470:
2455:
2451:
2436:
2432:
2417:
2410:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2349:
2337:
2333:
2302:
2298:
2289:
2287:
2277:
2273:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2221:
2209:
2198:
2191:
2173:
2160:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2096:
2092:
2077:
2060:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2020:
2005:
1990:
1986:
1971:
1967:
1940:
1936:
1905:
1892:
1885:
1867:
1842:
1827:
1794:
1787:
1769:
1752:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1693:
1672:
1657:
1638:
1628:
1604:
1569:
1562:
1544:
1537:
1528:
1526:
1524:medlineplus.gov
1518:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1500:
1488:auriculotherapy
1467:
1442:
1418:
1376:
1325:
1204:
1196:
1141:Eustachian tube
1086:Bilateral pain
1079:TMJ dysfunction
1008:Bilateral pain
937:otitis externa*
913:Bilateral pain
837:mastoid process
778:within 10 days
744:TMJ dysfunction
696:
660:
640:
635:
633:Pathophysiology
504:
479:eustachian tube
467:
427:mastoid process
370:
365:
330:
310:
238:
173:
150:
130:
38:
35:
32:Earache Records
28:
27:Pain in the ear
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3097:Otitis externa
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3047:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3022:
3011:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2976:
2965:
2954:
2939:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:Classification
2907:
2906:External links
2904:
2901:
2900:
2851:
2836:
2790:
2728:
2660:
2629:
2604:
2577:(5): e157–62.
2561:
2502:
2496:978-0071476720
2495:
2468:
2449:
2430:
2408:
2388:
2358:
2331:
2296:
2271:
2230:
2196:
2190:978-0071848541
2189:
2158:
2115:
2090:
2058:
2039:
2003:
1984:
1965:
1934:
1890:
1884:978-0071828529
1883:
1840:
1792:
1786:978-0071794763
1785:
1750:
1722:
1670:
1636:
1567:
1560:
1535:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1466:
1463:
1441:
1438:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1396:
1386:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1359:sebaceous cyst
1355:
1352:
1346:
1339:perichondritis
1335:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1298:
1295:otitis externa
1280:
1279:
1265:
1258:Perichondritis
1255:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1220:
1211:Uncomplicated
1203:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:Eagle syndrome
1040:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1006:
998:
997:
994:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:perichondritis
961:
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:
946:
943:
940:
929:
928:
925:
922:
918:
917:
914:
911:
907:
906:
901:
898:
895:
892:Otitis externa
887:
886:
883:
880:
877:
866:
865:
858:
855:
852:
846:
845:
841:
840:
833:
830:
829:Fevers/chills
826:
825:
822:
819:
816:
807:
806:
803:
797:
796:
793:
790:
786:
785:
782:
779:
772:
763:
762:
759:
695:
692:
659:
656:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
619:
612:Cervical spine
605:
604:
598:
589:
588:
582:
576:
571:
565:
558:
548:
547:
544:
537:
531:
517:
503:
500:
499:
498:
492:
486:
466:
463:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
430:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
359:
349:
329:
326:
325:
324:
318:
309:
306:
290:cranial nerves
241:Otitis externa
237:
236:Otitis externa
234:
233:
232:
226:
211:Perichondritis
208:
172:
169:
149:
146:
129:
126:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3266:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:Cholesteatoma
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2795:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2709:(5): 961–71.
2708:
2704:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2413:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2348:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2220:
2215:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1740:on 2018-03-14
1739:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1703:(2): 413–42.
1702:
1698:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
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454:Brain abscess
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215:perichondrium
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158:referred pain
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41:
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3195:Hearing loss
3189:
3164:Otitis media
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2381:28 September
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2312:(1): 32–40.
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2274:
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2247:
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2218:
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2031:. Retrieved
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1978:
1968:
1954:(7): 493–7.
1951:
1947:
1937:
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1738:the original
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1468:
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1419:
1416:Epidemiology
1377:
1326:
1281:
1248:otitis media
1246:Suppurative
1234:folliculitis
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1197:
1173:
1163:light reflex
1139:
1121:
1103:
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810:
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769:otitis media
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644:external ear
641:
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508:
505:
416:hearing loss
413:
398:
392:
386:
382:otitis media
379:
376:Otitis media
342:facial nerve
321:Foreign body
275:
265:
256:Staph aureus
255:
249:
239:
198:
174:
171:External ear
162:
151:
142:
131:
123:
116:
112:
108:
91:
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83:
82:
3142:Mastoiditis
3004:MedlinePlus
2809:(10): 599.
1484:acupuncture
1369:assessment.
1310:myringotomy
1302:mastoiditis
1227:mastoiditis
1202:Antibiotics
1143:dysfunction
1024:Malignancy*
812:Mastoiditis
774:History of
686:), and the
568:Pharyngitis
555:Tonsillitis
423:Mastoiditis
328:Less common
277:Pseudomonas
250:Pseudomonas
119:antibiotics
76:ENT surgery
48:Other names
3238:Categories
3112:Middle ear
3102:Otomycosis
3081:middle ear
3026:Patient UK
2969:DiseasesDB
2623:2018-03-14
2352:2018-03-14
2290:2018-03-14
2224:2018-03-14
2109:2018-03-14
2033:2018-03-14
1744:2018-03-13
1529:2017-10-02
1506:References
1477:guidelines
1343:chondritis
1323:Procedures
1316:Chondritis
1241:cellulitis
1239:Auricular
1194:Management
1123:Barotrauma
1113:Diagnosis
993:Diagnosis
966:Chondritis
900:Psoriasis
758:Diagnosis
694:Diagnostic
682:), and X (
672:trigeminal
626:autoimmune
483:hemorrhage
471:Barotrauma
444:Meningitis
245:cellulitis
205:Cellulitis
203:Auricular
3216:pneumatic
3089:Outer ear
3015:eMedicine
2980:SNOMED CT
2823:0090-4481
2759:: 15–24.
2538:0195-6108
1975:"Earache"
1944:"Otalgia"
1492:Stone Age
1357:Infected
1276:sinusitis
1272:sinusitis
1268:Sinusitis
1177:Impaction
1116:Features
1014:Neuralgia
996:Features
942:Diabetes
897:Swimming
818:Children
761:Features
652:inner ear
616:arthritis
585:Carcinoma
579:Parotitis
574:Sinusitis
356:carcinoma
223:cartilage
190:frostbite
165:infection
71:Specialty
3211:Otoscope
3190:Ear pain
3183:Symptoms
3031:Ear pain
2985:16001004
2895:18227925
2831:11056932
2785:24453496
2723:20736106
2655:23198673
2599:35512999
2591:14528091
2556:19797791
2463:Medscape
2444:Medscape
2375:Archived
2326:28707578
2266:28045632
2153:40005605
2145:24491310
2053:Medscape
1998:Medscape
1960:27610432
1929:26527627
1717:23601480
1624:29365233
1498:Research
1454:otoscope
1337:Chronic
1254:rupture.
1093:crepitus
921:Itching
916:Scaling
864:on exam
674:), VII (
614:trauma,
541:cavities
338:vesicles
294:meninges
178:hematoma
84:Ear pain
43:Ear pain
3254:Otology
3117:mastoid
3020:ent/199
2963:D004433
2886:2206232
2776:3894142
2547:7051282
1440:History
1175:Cerumen
1091:Pain +
732:CT scan
678:), IX (
524:tendons
284:and/or
261:cerumen
186:sunburn
98:in the
92:otalgia
88:earache
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789:Fever
767:Acute
736:biopsy
725:eczema
676:facial
646:, the
465:Trauma
397:, and
380:Acute
352:Tumors
314:Earwax
219:fascia
148:Causes
3204:Tests
3077:outer
2974:18027
2952:388.7
2937:H92.0
2848:: 21.
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2595:S2CID
2149:S2CID
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317:pain.
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1620:PMID
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1341:and
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596:GERD
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2928:ICD
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2873:doi
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