677:). Instead they hatch from the egg as juveniles with the bivalved carapace and at least three functional limbs. As the juvenile grows through a series of molts they acquire more limbs and develop further the already existing ones. They reach sexual maturity in the final instar and then never molts again. The number of instars they go through before adulthood varies. In Podocopa it is eight or nine (but family Entocytheridae and suborder Bairdiocopina has only seven), the Halocyprida goes through six or seven, and Myodocopida only four to six. They are able to produce several offspring many times as adults (
453:
126:
347:
738:. In bioluminescent Halocyprididae a green light is produced within carapace glands, and in Cypridinidae a blue light is produced and extruded from the upper lip. Most species use the light as predation defense, but the male of at least 75 known species of the Cypridinidae, restricted to the Caribbean, use pulses of light to attract females. Some species are the opposite where the females use pulses of light to attract males. This is seen in one example such as the
433:
1012:
661:
491:. The thorax has three primary pairs of appendages. The first of these has different functions in different groups. It can be used for feeding (Cypridoidea) or for walking (Cytheroidea), and in some species it has evolved into a male clasping organ. The second pair is mainly used for locomotion, and the third is used for walking or cleaning, but can also be reduced or absent. Both the second and third pair are absent in suborder
585:. Terrestricytheroidea is semi-terrestrial and usually found in brackish and marine-influenced environments such as salt marshes, but not in freshwater. The other three superfamilies also live in freshwater (Darwinuloidea is exclusively non-marine). Of these three, only Cypridoidea have freshwater species able to swim. Representatives living in terrestrial habitats are also found in all three freshwater groups, such as genus
542:
113:
669:
care is only found in
Darwinulocopina and some Cytherocopina in the order Podocopida. In the remaining Podocopa it is common to glue the eggs to a firm surface, like vegetation or the substratum. These eggs are often resting eggs, and remain dormant during desiccation and extreme temperatures, only hatching when exposed to more favorable conditions. Species adapted to
581:). Subclass Myodocopa and the two podocop orders Palaeocopida and Platycopida are restricted to marine environments (except for Platycopida which have a few brackish species), but we find non-marine forms in the four superfamilies Terrestricytheroidea, Cypridoidea, Darwinuloidea, and Cytheroidea in the order
561:(MCR) used for beetles, which can be used to infer palaeotemperatures. The ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 (δ18O) and the ratio of magnesium to calcium (Mg/Ca) in the calcite of ostracod valves can be used to infer information about past hydrological regimes, global ice volume and water temperatures.
668:
In the subclass
Myodocopa, all members of the order Myodocopida have brood care, releasing their offspring as first instars, allowing a pelagic lifestyle. In the order Halocyprida the eggs are released directly into the sea, except for a single genus with brood care. In the subclass Podocopa, brood
1892:
Brandão, Simone N.; Hoppema, Mario; Kamenev, Gennady M.; Karanovic, Ivana; Riehl, Torben; Tanaka, Hayato; Vital, Helenice; Yoo, Hyunsu; Brandt, Angelika (November 2019). "Review of
Ostracoda (Crustacea) living below the Carbonate Compensation Depth and the deepest record of a calcified ostracod".
750:
than those who simply use light as protection against predators. The male will continue to swim after releasing its small ball of bioluminescent mucus, but the female is able to read the display to pinpoint the male's location. In one species hundreds of thousands of males synchronize their light
767:
was ambiguous on this front. Recent combined analyses of molecular and morphological data suggested monophyly in analyses with broadest taxon sampling, but this monophyly had no or very little support (Fig. 1 - bootstrap 0, 17 and 46, often values above 95 are considered sufficient for the taxon
443:
The body of an ostracod is encased by a carapace originating from the head region, and consists of two valves superficially resembling the shell of a clam. A distinction is made between the valve (hard parts) and the body with its appendages (soft parts). Studies of the embryonic development in
606:
As of 2008, around 2000 species and 200 genera of non-marine ostracods are found. However, a large portion of diversity is still undescribed, indicated by undocumented diversity hotspots of temporary habitats in Africa and
Australia. Non-marine species have been found to live in sulfidic cave
423:
for the oldest penis. Males had observable sperm that is the oldest yet seen and, when analysed, showed internal structures and has been assessed as being the largest sperm (per body size) of any animal recorded. It was assessed that the fossilisation was achieved within several days, due to
444:
Myodocopida shows that the bivalved carapace developes from two independent buds of the carapace valves. As the two halves grows, they meet in the middle. In Manawa, an ostracod in the order
Palaeocopida, the carapace originates as a single element and during growth folds at the midline.
532:
consisting of two lateral ocelli and a single ventral ocellus, but the ventral one is absent in some species. Platycopida was assumed to be completely eyeless, but two species, Keijcyoidea infralittoralis and
Cytherella sordida, have been found to both possess a nauplius eye too.
499:
the third pair is a multisegmented cleaning organ that resembles a worm. Their external genitals seem to originate from the fusion of three to five appendages. The two "rami", or projections, from the tip of the tail point downward and slightly forward from the rear of the shell.
315:
and many planktonic forms do not have calcium carbonate. The hinge of the two valves is in the upper (dorsal) region of the body. Ostracods are grouped together based on shell and soft part morphology, and molecular studies have not unequivocally supported the group's
512:
also have 6-8 lamellar gills. Certain other larger members of
Myodocopa, even if they don't have gills, have a circulatory system where hemolymph sinuses absorbs oxygen through special areas on the inner wall of the carapace. In addition, the respiratory protein
396:
of marine strata on a local or regional scale, and they are invaluable indicators of paleoenvironments because of their widespread occurrence, small size, easily preservable, generally moulted, calcified bivalve carapaces; the valves are a commonly found
652:
prior to mating; in some cases, the uncoiled sperm can be up to six times the length of the male ostracod itself. Mating typically occurs during swarming, with large numbers of females swimming to join the males. Some species are partially or wholly
619:, and in temperatures varying from almost freezing to more than 50 °C in hot springs. Of the known specific and generic diversity of non-marine ostracods, half (1000 species, 100 genera) belongs to one family (of 13 families),
1192:
Oakley, Todd H.; Wolfe, Joanna M.; Lindgren, Annie R.; Zaharoff, Alexander K. (January 2013). "Phylotranscriptomics to Bring the
Understudied into the Fold: Monophyletic Ostracoda, Fossil Placement, and Pancrustacean Phylogeny".
1524:
1303:
Noriyuki Ikeya, Akira
Tsukagoshi & David J. Horne (2005). Noriyuki Ikeya; Akira Tsukagoshi & David J. Horne (eds.). "Preface: The phylogeny, fossil record and ecological diversity of ostracod crustaceans".
292:) have been identified, grouped into 7 valid orders. They are small crustaceans, typically around 1 mm (0.04 in) in size, but varying from 0.2 to 30 mm (0.008 to 1 in) in the case of the marine
503:
All ostracods have a pair of "ventilatory appendages" that beat rhythmically, which create a water current between the body and the inner surface of the carapace. Podocopa, the largest subclass, have no gills,
2723:
Ellis, Emily A; Goodheart, Jessica A; Hensley, Nicholai M; González, Vanessa L; Reda, Nicholas J; Rivers, Trevor J; Morin, James G; Torres, Elizabeth; Gerrish, Gretchen A; Oakley, Todd H (16 June 2023).
2009:
Jeffery, Nicholas W; Ellis, Emily A; Oakley, Todd H; Gregory, T Ryan (September 2017). "The Genome Sizes of
Ostracod Crustaceans Correlate with Body Size and Evolutionary History, but not Environment".
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2388:
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The oldest fossilised penis discovered to date dates back around 100 million years. It belongs to a crustacean called an ostracod, discovered in Brazil and measuring just 1mm across.
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has only evolved once in ostracods, in a cypridinid group named Luxorina that originated at least 151 million years ago. Ostracods with bioluminescent courtship show higher rates of
697:
protruding from inhalant structures, thence drawing the ostracod prey in by a violent suction action. Predation from higher animals also occurs; for example, amphibians such as the
689:
A variety of fauna prey upon ostracods in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. An example of predation in the marine environment is the action of certain Cytherocopina in the
2465:
726:, when the Japanese army collected large amounts from the ocean to use as a convenient light for reading maps and other papers at night. The light from these ostracods, called
2854:
S. Yamaguchi & K. Endo (2003). "Molecular phylogeny of Ostracoda (Crustacea) inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences: implication for its origin and diversification".
1449:
2696:
Morin, James G.; Cohen, Anne C. (2010). "Two New Bioluminescent Ostracode Genera, Enewton And Photeros (Myodocopida: Cypridinidae), with Three New Species from Jamaica".
1595:
Corbari, Laure; Carbonel, Pierre; Massabuau, Jean-Charles (2005). "The early life history of tissue oxygenation in crustaceans: the strategy of the myodocopid ostracod
1138:
Ecological Evaluation of Ostracode (Crustacea) Occurrence in the City of Munich & Phylogenetic Relationships between Ostracode Species and Populations from Bavaria
657:. Superfamily Darwinuloidea was assumed to have reproduced asexually for the last 200 million years, but rare males have since been discovered in one of the species.
558:
2536:
Rohner, Christoph A.; Couturier, Lydie I. E.; Richardson, Anthony J.; Pierce, Simon J.; Prebble, Clare E. M.; Gibbons, Mark J.; Nichols, Peter D. (2013-11-20).
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in Japanese, was sufficient to read by but not bright enough to give away troops' position to enemies. Bioluminescence has evolved twice in ostracods; once in
1112:
822:
2454:
1286:
Malcolm B. Hart (1972). R. Casey; P. F. Rawson (eds.). "A correlation of the macrofaunal and microfaunal zonations of the Gault Clay in southeast England".
508:
or circulatory system, so the gas exchange take place all over the surface. The other subclass of ostracods, the Myodocopa, do have a heart, and the family
2410:
472:, and it has therefore been impossible to tell if the first pair of limbs after the maxillae belongs to the head or the thorax. With a few exception, like
718:, have a light organ in which they produce luminescent chemicals. These ostracods are called "blue sand" or "blue tears" and glow blue in the dark. Their
2113:
320:. They have a wide range of diets, and the class includes carnivores, herbivores, scavengers and filter feeders, but most ostracods are deposit feeders.
2172:"Nine new species of Bennelongia De Deckker & McKenzie, 1981 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Western Australia, with the description of a new subfamily"
1228:
938:
931:
1395:
Ikuta, Kyosuke (18 January 2018). "Expression of two engrailed genes in the embryo of Vargula hilgendorfii (Müller, 1890) (Ostracoda: Myodocopida)".
954:
829:
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The primary sense of ostracods is likely touch, as they have several sensitive hairs on their bodies and appendages. Compound eyes are only found in
2062:
sp. n. (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cypridoidea, Scottiinae) from subterranean aquatic habitats in Tasmania, with a key to world species of the subfamily"
2765:
Rivers, Trevor J.; Morin, James G. (2013). "Female ostracods respond to and intercept artificial conspecific male luminescent courtship displays".
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1975:
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has been found in the two orders Myodocopida and Platycopida. Nitrogenous waste is excreted through glands on the maxillae, antennae, or both.
2925:
3463:
1919:
975:
909:
883:
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869:
587:
413:
1958:
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2044:
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Cohen, Anne C.; Morin, James G. (November 2003). "Sexual Morphology, Reproduction and the Evolution of Bioluminescence in Ostracoda".
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reproduction, and the ability to swim. These biological attributes preadapt them to form successful radiations in these habitats.
2421:
3450:
1142:
2838:
2600:
2490:
1501:
1457:
1173:
2726:"Sexual Signals Persist over Deep Time: Ancient Co-option of Bioluminescence for Courtship Displays in Cypridinid Ostracods"
577:, living on or inside the upper layer of the sea floor. Ostracods has been found as deep as 9,307 m (genus Krithe in family
3455:
2962:
2132:
K. Martens; I. Schon; C. Meisch; D. J. Horne (2008). "Global diversity of ostracods (Ostracoda, Crustacea) in freshwater".
1383:
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display, and when one male creates a pattern of light, the new pattern will spread out as the neighboring males repeat it.
468:. Most species have completely or partly lost their trunk segmentation, and there are no boundaries between the thorax and
1421:
1241:
1049:
Williams, Mark; Siveter, David J.; Salas, María José; Vannier, Jean; Popov, Leonid E.; Ghobadi Pour, Mansoureh (2008).
1472:
1091:
Brandão, S.N.; Antonietto, L.S; Nery, D.G.; Santos, S.G.; Karanovic, I. (2023). World Ostracoda Database. Accessed at
2324:
678:
1761:"Functional morphology and light-gathering ability of podocopid ostracod eyes and the palaeontological implications"
3512:
3390:
2313:"An assessment of the importance of resting eggs for the evolutionary success of non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea)"
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3403:
2443:
1863:
369:
Ostracods are "by far the most common arthropods in the fossil record" with fossils being found from the early
488:
2617:
2197:"A new extremophile ostracod crustacean from the Movile Cave sulfidic chemoautotrophic ecosystem in Romania"
2108:
303:, which reach 8mm in length. In most cases, their bodies are flattened from side to side and protected by a
2813:
479:
The head is the largest part of the body, and bears four pairs of appendages. Two pairs of well-developed
464:, separated by a slight constriction. Unlike many other crustaceans, the body is not clearly divided into
3320:
3307:
701:
prey upon certain ostracods. Whale sharks also seem to eat them as part of their filter feeding process.
2802:
2171:
2422:
The Light and Smith Manual : Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon – Page 419
1029:
2538:"Diet of whale sharks Rhincodon typus inferred from stomach content and signature fatty acid analyses"
2522:
1691:"Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the independent evolutionary origin of an arthropod compound eye"
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can reach sexual maturity in just 30 days after hatching. There is no larval stage or metamorphosis (
409:
17:
182:
3517:
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1998:
Seed Shrimp, Mussel Shrimp (Freshwater Ostracods) scientific name: (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopa)
1868:
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1850:
1422:
Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Morphology of Living and Fossil Thaumatocypridacea (Myodocopa: Ostracoda)
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419:
area, revealed both male and female specimens with very well preserved soft tissue. This set the
1356:
1227:
3504:
3247:
2195:
Iepure, Sanda; Wysocka, Anna; Sarbu, Serban M.; Kijowska, Michalina; Namiotko, Tadeusz (2023).
1792:
Xing, Lida; Sames, Benjamin; McKellar, Ryan C.; Xi, Dangpeng; Bai, Ming; Wan, Xiaoqiao (2018).
557:
A new method is in development called mutual ostracod temperature range (MOTR), similar to the
465:
2920:
2045:
Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates, Volume 5: Keys to Neotropical and Antarctic Fauna
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2576:
420:
405:
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2915:
1931:
Horne, David J. (November 2003). "Key Events in the Ecological Radiation of the Ostracoda".
3442:
3359:
3294:
2265:
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1805:
1794:"A gigantic marine ostracod (Crustacea: Myodocopa) trapped in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber"
1702:
1655:
1549:
795:
714:
484:
2642:
Cohen, Anne C.; Oakley, Todd H. (May 2017). "Collecting and processing marine ostracods".
8:
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623:. Many Cyprididae occur in temporary water bodies and have drought-resistant eggs, mixed/
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1986:
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2149:
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The darkness syndrome in subsurface-shallow and deep-sea dwelling Ostracoda (Crustacea)
1642:
Marxen, Julia C.; Pick, Christian; Oakley, Todd H.; Burmester, Thorsten (August 2014).
1624:
1572:
1537:
1515:
1323:
1288:
1263:
1237:"An exceptionally preserved myodocopid ostracod from the Silurian of Herefordshire, UK"
1236:
1232:
1070:
1050:
1017:
739:
698:
674:
381:
and Ostracoda was compiled by M. B. Hart. Freshwater ostracods have even been found in
120:
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480:
452:
221:
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2877:
2254:"Copepods and ostracods associated with bromeliads in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico"
1628:
1519:
1373:
Butterflies of the Cambrian benthos? Shield position in bradoriid arthropods - Idunn
1327:
648:) on the female. The individual sperm are often large, and are coiled up within the
476:
which have an 11-segmented trunk, the abdomen in ostracods has no visible segments.
3351:
2935:
2865:
2814:
Mating dance of sea fireflies is 'the coolest fireworks show that you've ever seen'
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2745:
2737:
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2019:
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332:
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3312:
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1906:
1562:
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624:
393:
273:
1864:"A mutual temperature range method for European Quaternary non-marine Ostracoda"
3398:
3385:
2220:
1997:
1818:
1536:
Williams, Mark; Vannier, Jean; Corbari, Laure; Massabuau, Jean-Charles (2011).
735:
719:
469:
416:
312:
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2145:
1944:
1667:
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1319:
1302:
611:, deep groundwaters, hypersaline waters, acidic waters with pH as low as 3.4,
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3270:
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3134:
3041:
2741:
2561:
2074:
1306:
925:
816:
788:
690:
473:
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phosphorus in the bat droppings of the cave where the ostracods were living.
346:
294:
70:
2778:
2655:
2023:
1408:
1206:
3174:
3149:
3139:
3110:
2890:
2375:
2357:
2342:"Living males of the 'ancient asexual' Darwinulidae (Ostracoda: Crustacea)"
2297:
2238:
2093:
2031:
1837:
1734:
1715:
1675:
1643:
1620:
1581:
1445:
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1214:
1113:
Freshwater Life: A field guide to the plants and animals of southern Africa
731:
723:
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592:
550:
529:
382:
378:
289:
238:
2433:
Recent Freshwater Ostracods of the World: Crustacea, Ostracoda, Podocopida
2400:
Recent Freshwater Ostracods of the World: Crustacea, Ostracoda, Podocopida
1486:
Recent Freshwater Ostracods of the World: Crustacea, Ostracoda, Podocopida
1092:
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525:
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398:
246:
217:
209:
167:
45:
3338:
2252:
Mercado-Salas, Nancy F.; Khodami, Sahar; Martínez Arbizu, Pedro (2021).
1976:
Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates: Ecology and General Biology
432:
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3120:
3031:
3003:
1360:
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620:
612:
582:
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277:
254:
90:
55:
2709:
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Deep-Sea Biology: A Natural History of Organisms at the Deep-Sea Floor
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1612:
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3372:
3179:
3100:
3095:
3085:
3077:
3049:
3009:
2997:
2991:
2972:
2466:
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea: A Story of Scientific Method
2411:
Specieswatch: ancient crustaceans still going strong after 450m years
1011:
760:
596:
578:
483:
are used to swim through the water. In addition, there are a pair of
317:
198:
157:
137:
95:
3241:
660:
3416:
3377:
3333:
3264:
3189:
3090:
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1920:
Zooplankton and Micronekton of the North Sea 2.0 – Ordo Platycopida
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359:
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230:
85:
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65:
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50:
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Watch ‘Sea Fireflies’ Make Underwater Fireworks as They Seek Mates
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3159:
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2340:
Smith, Robin J; Kamiya, Takahiro; Horne, David J (22 June 2006).
1384:
Embryonic development clarifies polyphyly in ostracod crustaceans
1100:
574:
546:
528:
in the same subclass is eyeless. Podocopid ostracods have just a
363:
304:
100:
75:
1851:
Talking about a re-evolution: blind alleys in ostracod phylogeny
3212:
2985:
2535:
1538:"Oxygen as a driver of early arthropod micro-benthos evolution"
1535:
649:
461:
386:
308:
147:
1891:
3364:
2912:, Guide to the Marine Zooplankton of South-eastern Australia
2722:
1156:
Schram, Frederick R.; Koenemann, Stefan (2022). "Ostracoda".
694:
641:
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age, having presumably been washed onto trees during floods.
3150:
Malacostraca (woodlice, shrimps, crayfish, lobsters, crabs)
1191:
1048:
112:
2970:
2317:
Evolutionary and ecological aspects of crustacean diapause
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2476:
2319:. Vol. 52. Advances in Limnology. pp. 549–561.
2315:. In Brendonck, L.; De Meester, L.; Hairston, N. (eds.).
2008:
1641:
771:
Class Ostracoda is divided into following living clades:
3175:
Branchiopoda (fairy, tadpole, clam shrimps, water fleas)
2389:
Field Guide to Freshwater Invertebrates of North America
1594:
2346:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2055:
545:
Articulated ostracod valves in cross-section from the
358:(Ludlow) Soeginina Beds (Paadla Formation) on eastern
722:
properties made them valuable to the Japanese during
1007:
2853:
2444:
Strategies of crustacean growth - Australian Museum
1791:
1695:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
2825:Richard A. Fortey & Richard H. Thomas (1998).
1644:"Occurrence of hemocyanin in ostracod crustaceans"
569:Ecologically, marine ostracods can be part of the
1689:Oakley, Todd H.; Cunningham, Clifford W. (2002).
1051:"The earliest ostracods: the geological evidence"
3532:
2589:Bioluminescence: Chemical Principles and Methods
2505:
2339:
2056:Karanovic, I.; Eberhard, S.; Perina, G. (2012).
1688:
1439:
1124:The Triassic-Jurassic Terrestrial Transition: 37
536:
392:Ostracods have been particularly useful for the
288:. Some 33,000 species (only 13,000 of which are
2574:
2477:John D. Gage & Paul A. Tyler (1992-09-28).
2170:K. Martens, S. A. Halse & I. Schon (2012).
1285:
1155:
759:Early work indicated that Ostracoda may not be
1473:Ostracoda - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
2956:
2891:Ostracods - what are they? - Lake Biwa Museum
3055:Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites)
2455:Crustacean Issues 3: Factors in Adult Growth
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1861:
1357:World's oldest sperm 'preserved in bat poo'
1235:; Derek J. Siveter; Mark D. Sutton (2010).
2963:
2949:
2695:
2668:
1959:"News from mid-Cretaceous 'Burmese Amber'"
1363:Science, 14 May 2014, accessed 15 May 2014
591:which is known from humid forest soils of
311:, and often calcium carbonate. The family
111:
2921:International Research Group on Ostracoda
2749:
2365:
2287:
2277:
2228:
2160:
2125:
2083:
2073:
1827:
1817:
1776:
1765:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1724:
1714:
1571:
1561:
1483:
1262:
1182:
644:, corresponding to two genital openings (
2510:Rough-skinned Newt ("Taricha granulosa")
659:
540:
456:Ostracod swimming motions (in real time)
451:
431:
345:
299:The largest known freshwater species is
2618:"The Secret History of Bioluminescence"
1158:Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea
1093:https://www.marinespecies.org/ostracoda
408:in 2013, announced in May 2014, at the
14:
3533:
2792:Bioluminescence Is Nature's Love Light
1758:
1143:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
3246:
3245:
3155:Thecostraca (barnacles and relatives)
2944:
1930:
1855:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1394:
3479:7e14b124-253b-4482-bc65-630ac069f71a
3404:c8ef89a6-f14f-4b43-8fde-6f7889cc08ee
2609:
2311:Horne, D. J.; Martens, Koen (1998).
1134:
1086:
1084:
3551:Extant Ordovician first appearances
573:or (most commonly) are part of the
24:
3208:Diplura (two-pronged bristletails)
2671:The Paleontological Society Papers
1933:The Paleontological Society Papers
1426:
1242:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1166:10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0010
707:
25:
3562:
3546:Late Ordovician first appearances
3170:Cephalocarida (horseshoe shrimps)
2931:Huge sperm of ancient crustaceans
2898:
2585:) and other luminous crustaceans"
1081:
754:
2615:
1778:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00216.x
1525:Limited preview via Google Books
1010:
524:within the Myodocopa. The order
460:The body consists of a head and
124:
43:
2884:
2847:
2818:
2807:
2796:
2785:
2758:
2716:
2689:
2662:
2635:
2568:
2529:
2499:
2470:
2459:
2448:
2437:
2426:
2415:
2404:
2393:
2382:
2333:
2304:
2245:
2188:
2100:
2049:
2038:
2002:
1991:
1980:
1969:
1951:
1924:
1913:
1885:
1844:
1785:
1752:
1741:
1682:
1635:
1601:Journal of Experimental Biology
1588:
1529:
1477:
1466:
1415:
1388:
1377:
1366:
1350:
1334:
1296:
1195:Molecular Biology and Evolution
564:
307:-like valve or "shell" made of
2542:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1875:Geophysical Research Abstracts
1648:Journal of Molecular Evolution
1279:
1221:
1149:
1135:Jöst, Anna B. (January 2012).
1128:
1117:
1106:
1042:
427:
13:
1:
2698:Journal of Crustacean Biology
2644:Journal of Crustacean Biology
1397:Journal of Crustacean Biology
1036:
537:Palaeoclimatic reconstruction
447:
2279:10.1371/journal.pone.0248863
2177:European Journal of Taxonomy
1907:10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102144
1563:10.1371/journal.pone.0028183
693:in detecting ostracods with
684:
635:
323:
7:
3140:Pentastomida (tongue worms)
3050:Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs)
2060:Austromesocypris bluffensis
1488:. Springer. pp. 5–47.
1450:Holt-Saunders International
1292:(Special Issue 5): 267–288.
1003:
377:zonal scheme based on both
373:to the present. An outline
10:
3567:
2221:10.1038/s41598-023-32573-w
2109:"The Terrestrial Plankton"
1819:10.1038/s41598-018-19877-y
1028:, fossil formation in the
630:
553:view of an ostracod fossil
549:of central Texas; typical
341:
3254:
3229:
3188:
3118:
3109:
3076:
3067:
3040:
3032:Pycnogonida (sea spiders)
3027:
3018:
2980:
2916:Key to the two subclasses
2870:10.1007/s00227-003-1062-3
2683:10.1017/S108933260000214X
2506:C. Michael Hogan (2008).
2483:University of Southampton
2146:10.1007/s10750-007-9245-4
1945:10.1017/S1089332600002205
1668:10.1007/s00239-014-9636-x
1494:10.1007/978-3-642-21810-1
1484:Karanovic, Ivana (2012).
1440:Robert D. Barnes (1982).
1320:10.1007/s10750-004-4914-z
195:
190:
121:Scientific classification
119:
110:
34:
3203:Collembola (springtails)
3130:Ostracoda (seed shrimps)
2936:World Ostracoda Database
2905:Kempf Database Ostracoda
2575:Osamu Shimomura (2006).
2075:10.3897/zookeys.215.2987
1895:Progress in Oceanography
712:Some ostracods, such as
640:Male ostracods have two
3234:are paraphyletic groups
2827:Arthropod Relationships
1055:Senckenbergiana Lethaea
607:ecosystems such as the
338:meaning shell or tile.
272:, or ostracodes, are a
3145:Branchiura (fish lice)
3101:Diplopoda (millipedes)
3086:Chilopoda (centipedes)
2742:10.1093/sysbio/syac057
2358:10.1098/rspb.2005.3452
1759:Tanaka, Gengo (2006).
1716:10.1073/pnas.032483599
1597:Cylindroleberis mariae
1255:10.1098/rspb.2009.2122
1032:of northwestern Brazil
742:. This bioluminiscent
665:
554:
457:
440:
438:Cypridina mediterranea
366:
284:), sometimes known as
191:Subclasses and orders
3500:Paleobiology Database
2779:10.1093/beheco/art022
2656:10.1093/jcbiol/rux027
2024:10.1093/jhered/esx055
1409:10.1093/jcbiol/rux099
1207:10.1093/molbev/mss216
663:
559:mutual climatic range
544:
455:
435:
421:Guinness World Record
406:Queensland, Australia
349:
301:Megalocypris princeps
3399:Fauna Europaea (new)
2975:classes by subphylum
2926:Ostracoda Fact Sheet
2910:Ostracoda fact sheet
2107:J. D. Stout (1963).
1862:D. J. Horne (2007).
1452:. pp. 680–683.
1442:Invertebrate Zoology
1160:. pp. 119–140.
917:Terrestricytheroidea
796:Cylindroleberidoidea
715:Vargula hilgendorfii
27:Class of crustaceans
3198:Protura (coneheads)
2352:(1593): 1569–1578.
2270:2021PLoSO..1648863M
2213:2023NatSR..13.6112I
2012:Journal of Heredity
1810:2018NatSR...8.1365X
1707:2002PNAS...99.1426O
1660:2014JMolE..79....3M
1554:2011PLoSO...628183W
1249:(1687): 1539–1544.
859:Order Palaeocopida
823:Thaumatocypridoidea
775:Subclass Myodocopa
765:molecular phylogeny
510:Cylindroleberididae
350:The large ostracod
2831:Chapman & Hall
2767:Behavioral Ecology
2730:Systematic Biology
2595:. pp. 47–89.
2519:, ed. N. Stromberg
2201:Scientific Reports
1798:Scientific Reports
1289:Geological Journal
1233:Derek E. G. Briggs
1067:10.1007/BF03043974
1018:Crustaceans portal
879:Order Platycopida
856:Subclass Podocopa
812:Order Halocyprida
778:Order Myodocopida
699:rough-skinned newt
675:direct development
666:
555:
458:
441:
367:
242:Henningsmoen, 1953
3528:
3527:
3487:Open Tree of Life
3248:Taxon identifiers
3239:
3238:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3213:Insecta (insects)
3063:
3062:
2840:978-0-412-75420-3
2710:10.1651/08-3075.1
2602:978-981-256-801-4
2554:10.3354/meps10500
2492:978-0-521-33665-9
1963:fgga.univie.ac.at
1613:10.1242/jeb.01427
1503:978-3-642-21809-5
1459:978-0-03-056747-6
1314:(1–3): vii–xiii.
1175:978-0-19-536576-4
1141:(master thesis).
1030:state of Amazonas
899:Order Podocopida
744:courtship display
691:cuspidariid clams
267:
266:
259:
251:
243:
235:
225:
214:
206:
186:
41:Ordovician–Recent
16:(Redirected from
3558:
3521:
3520:
3508:
3507:
3495:
3494:
3482:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3459:
3458:
3446:
3445:
3433:
3432:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3406:
3394:
3393:
3381:
3380:
3368:
3367:
3355:
3354:
3342:
3341:
3329:
3328:
3316:
3315:
3303:
3302:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3243:
3242:
3116:
3115:
3074:
3073:
3025:
3024:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2822:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2593:World Scientific
2572:
2566:
2565:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2521:. Archived from
2503:
2497:
2496:
2474:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2291:
2281:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2077:
2053:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2006:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1831:
1821:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1756:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1701:(3): 1426–1430.
1686:
1680:
1679:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1481:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1437:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1354:
1348:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1229:David J. Siveter
1225:
1219:
1218:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1132:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1046:
1020:
1015:
1014:
939:Pontocypridoidea
932:Macrocypridoidea
257:
249:
241:
233:
220:
212:
201:
181:
129:
128:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3516:
3511:
3503:
3498:
3490:
3485:
3477:
3475:
3467:
3462:
3454:
3449:
3441:
3436:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3410:
3402:
3397:
3389:
3384:
3376:
3371:
3363:
3358:
3350:
3345:
3337:
3332:
3324:
3319:
3311:
3306:
3298:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3217:
3184:
3105:
3059:
3036:
3014:
2976:
2969:
2901:
2896:
2889:
2885:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2786:
2763:
2759:
2721:
2717:
2694:
2690:
2667:
2663:
2640:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2573:
2569:
2534:
2530:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2383:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2309:
2305:
2264:(3): e0248863.
2250:
2246:
2193:
2189:
2168:
2161:
2130:
2126:
2105:
2101:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1970:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1890:
1886:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1845:
1790:
1786:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1687:
1683:
1640:
1636:
1593:
1589:
1534:
1530:
1504:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1438:
1427:
1420:
1416:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1359:, Anna Salleh,
1355:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1301:
1297:
1284:
1280:
1226:
1222:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1154:
1150:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1107:
1095:on 2023-09-12.
1089:
1082:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1026:Mari Mari Group
1016:
1009:
1006:
955:Darwinulocopina
830:Halocypridoidea
757:
710:
708:Bioluminescence
704:
687:
655:parthenogenetic
638:
633:
625:parthenogenetic
615:in plants like
567:
539:
450:
430:
344:
331:comes from the
326:
180:
123:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3509:
3496:
3483:
3473:
3460:
3447:
3434:
3421:
3408:
3395:
3386:Fauna Europaea
3382:
3369:
3356:
3343:
3330:
3317:
3304:
3291:
3276:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2900:
2899:External links
2897:
2895:
2894:
2883:
2857:Marine Biology
2846:
2839:
2817:
2806:
2795:
2784:
2773:(4): 877–887.
2757:
2736:(2): 264–274.
2715:
2688:
2661:
2650:(3): 347–352.
2634:
2622:Hakai Magazine
2616:Jabr, Ferris.
2608:
2601:
2577:"The ostracod
2567:
2528:
2525:on 2009-05-27.
2517:Globaltwitcher
2498:
2491:
2469:
2458:
2447:
2436:
2425:
2414:
2403:
2392:
2381:
2332:
2325:
2303:
2244:
2187:
2159:
2140:(1): 185–193.
2124:
2099:
2048:
2037:
2018:(6): 701–706.
2001:
1990:
1979:
1968:
1950:
1923:
1912:
1884:
1854:
1843:
1784:
1751:
1740:
1681:
1634:
1607:(4): 661–670.
1587:
1548:(12): e28183.
1528:
1502:
1476:
1465:
1458:
1425:
1414:
1387:
1376:
1365:
1349:
1333:
1295:
1278:
1220:
1201:(1): 215–233.
1181:
1174:
1148:
1127:
1116:
1105:
1080:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1022:
1021:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
996:
995:
994:
985:Sigilliocopina
981:
980:
979:
966:
965:
964:
951:
950:
949:
942:
935:
922:
921:
920:
913:
897:
896:
895:
894:
893:
890:Cytherelloidea
877:
876:
875:
874:
873:
854:
853:
852:
851:
850:
849:
848:
835:
834:
833:
826:
810:
809:
808:
807:
806:
799:
792:
756:
755:Classification
753:
736:Halocyprididae
734:, and once in
720:bioluminescent
709:
706:
686:
683:
637:
634:
632:
629:
566:
563:
538:
535:
487:and a pair of
449:
446:
429:
426:
417:World Heritage
343:
340:
325:
322:
313:Entocytheridae
265:
264:
263:
262:
261:
260:
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244:
228:
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226:
215:
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59:
54:
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44:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3563:
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3538:
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3514:
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3506:
3501:
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3470:
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3431:
3426:
3422:
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3409:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3370:
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3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3233:
3228:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Tantulocarida
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:Mystacocarida
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3042:Euchelicerata
3039:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2502:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2326:9783510470549
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:Hydrobiologia
2128:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2068:(215): 1–31.
2067:
2063:
2061:
2052:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2005:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1865:
1858:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1774:
1771:(1): 97–108.
1770:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1654:(1–2): 3–11.
1653:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1307:Hydrobiologia
1299:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1186:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1008:
992:
988:
987:
986:
982:
977:
973:
972:
971:
970:Bairdiocopina
967:
962:
961:Darwinuloidea
958:
957:
956:
952:
947:
943:
940:
936:
933:
929:
928:
927:
926:Cypridocopina
923:
918:
914:
912:(27 families)
911:
907:
906:
905:
904:Cytherocopina
901:
900:
898:
891:
887:
886:
885:
881:
880:
878:
871:
867:
866:
865:
864:Kirkbyocopina
861:
860:
858:
857:
855:
846:
845:Cladocopoidea
842:
841:
840:
836:
831:
827:
824:
820:
819:
818:
817:Halocypridina
814:
813:
811:
804:
803:Sarsielloidea
800:
797:
793:
790:
789:Cypridinoidea
786:
785:
784:
780:
779:
777:
776:
774:
773:
772:
769:
766:
762:
752:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:
705:
702:
700:
696:
692:
682:
680:
676:
672:
662:
658:
656:
651:
647:
643:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
562:
560:
552:
548:
543:
534:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
511:
507:
501:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
454:
445:
439:
434:
425:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
339:
337:
334:
330:
321:
319:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
296:
295:Gigantocypris
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
256:
253:
248:
245:
240:
237:
236:
232:
229:
223:
219:
216:
211:
208:
207:
204:
200:
197:
196:
194:
189:
184:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
127:
122:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
3255:
3231:
3129:
3119:
3111:Pancrustacea
3008:Superphylum
2886:
2864:(1): 23–38.
2861:
2855:
2849:
2826:
2820:
2809:
2798:
2787:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2733:
2729:
2718:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2625:. Retrieved
2621:
2611:
2588:
2582:
2578:
2570:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2523:the original
2515:
2509:
2501:
2478:
2472:
2461:
2450:
2439:
2428:
2417:
2406:
2395:
2384:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2316:
2306:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2181:
2175:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2118:
2112:
2102:
2065:
2059:
2051:
2040:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1993:
1982:
1971:
1965:(in German).
1962:
1953:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1915:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1878:
1874:
1857:
1846:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1743:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1485:
1479:
1468:
1446:Philadelphia
1441:
1417:
1403:(1): 23–26.
1400:
1396:
1390:
1379:
1368:
1352:
1345:
1341:Oldest penis
1336:
1311:
1305:
1298:
1287:
1281:
1246:
1240:
1223:
1198:
1194:
1157:
1151:
1137:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1101:10.14284/364
1090:
1058:
1054:
1044:
991:Sigillioidea
989:Superfamily
978:(3 families)
974:Superfamily
959:Superfamily
948:(4 families)
944:Superfamily
937:Superfamily
930:Superfamily
915:Superfamily
908:Superfamily
888:Superfamily
868:Superfamily
843:Superfamily
828:Superfamily
821:Superfamily
805:(3 families)
801:Superfamily
794:Superfamily
787:Superfamily
770:
763:, and early
761:monophyletic
758:
732:Cypridinidae
727:
724:World War II
713:
711:
703:
688:
671:vernal pools
667:
639:
613:phytotelmata
605:
593:South Africa
586:
568:
565:Distribution
556:
551:thin section
530:naupliar eye
519:
502:
478:
459:
442:
437:
412:Site in the
410:Bicentennary
403:
391:
383:Baltic amber
379:Foraminifera
368:
351:
335:
328:
327:
300:
293:
285:
281:
269:
268:
239:Palaeocopida
177:
164:Superclass:
29:
3425:iNaturalist
3280:Wikispecies
3069:Mandibulata
3020:Chelicerata
3004:Protostomia
3002:(unranked)
2996:(unranked)
2990:Subkingdom
2704:(1): 1–55.
2548:: 219–235.
2207:(1): 6112.
2121:(2): 57–65.
1939:: 181–202.
1804:(1): 1365.
976:Bairdioidea
946:Cypridoidea
910:Cytheroidea
884:Platycopina
839:Cladocopina
783:Myodocopina
679:iteroparity
609:Movile Cave
601:New Zealand
571:zooplankton
526:Halocyprida
522:Myodocopina
497:Myodocopina
493:Cladocopina
474:platycopids
436:Anatomy of
428:Description
414:Riversleigh
399:microfossil
394:biozonation
375:microfaunal
352:Herrmannina
286:seed shrimp
247:Platycopida
218:Halocyprida
210:Myodocopida
168:Oligostraca
3535:Categories
2973:Arthropoda
1901:: 102144.
1512:2011944255
1361:ABC Online
1037:References
993:(1 family)
963:(1 family)
941:(1 family)
934:(1 family)
919:(1 family)
892:(1 family)
872:(1 family)
870:Puncioidea
847:(1 family)
832:(1 family)
825:(1 family)
798:(1 family)
791:(1 family)
768:support).
748:speciation
621:Cyprididae
617:bromeliads
588:Mesocypris
583:Podocopida
515:hemocyanin
448:Body parts
404:A find in
371:Ordovician
258:Sars, 1866
255:Podocopida
250:Sars, 1866
234:Sars, 1866
213:Sars, 1866
158:Arthropoda
3541:Ostracods
3313:Ostracoda
3300:Ostracoda
3286:Ostracoda
3256:Ostracoda
3180:Remipedia
3121:Crustacea
3096:Pauropoda
3078:Myriapoda
3010:Ecdysozoa
2998:Bilateria
2992:Eumetazoa
2677:: 37–70.
2579:Cypridina
2562:0171-8630
2154:207150861
1075:128542158
1061:: 11–21.
983:Suborder
968:Suborder
953:Suborder
924:Suborder
902:Suborder
882:Suborder
862:Suborder
837:Suborder
815:Suborder
781:Suborder
740:glow worm
728:umihotaru
685:Predators
646:gonopores
636:Lifecycle
597:Australia
579:Krithidae
495:. In the
485:mandibles
354:from the
324:Etymology
318:monophyly
282:Ostracoda
278:Crustacea
270:Ostracods
199:Myodocopa
183:Latreille
178:Ostracoda
144:Kingdom:
138:Eukaryota
18:Ostracoda
3334:BugGuide
3265:Wikidata
3190:Hexapoda
3160:Copepoda
3091:Symphyla
2986:Animalia
2984:Kingdom
2878:83831572
2751:10448971
2376:16777754
2298:33735283
2258:PLOS ONE
2239:37059813
2230:10104858
2094:22936868
2032:28595313
1987:Lost Sex
1881:: 00093.
1838:29358761
1735:11818548
1676:25135304
1629:30226212
1621:15695758
1582:22164241
1542:PLOS ONE
1520:40120445
1328:43836792
1273:20106847
1215:22977117
1004:See also
664:Ostracod
489:maxillae
481:antennae
466:segments
362:Island,
360:Saaremaa
356:Silurian
336:óstrakon
329:Ostracod
231:Podocopa
154:Phylum:
148:Animalia
134:Domain:
35:Ostracod
3271:Q276412
2971:Extant
2583:Vargula
2367:1560310
2289:7971893
2266:Bibcode
2209:Bibcode
2184:: 1–56.
2114:Tuatara
2085:3428786
2066:ZooKeys
1840:. 1365.
1829:5778021
1806:Bibcode
1703:Bibcode
1656:Bibcode
1573:3229522
1550:Bibcode
1264:2871837
642:penises
631:Ecology
575:benthos
547:Permian
470:abdomen
364:Estonia
342:Fossils
305:bivalve
280:(class
276:of the
174:Class:
3492:580068
3476:NZOR:
3378:1OSTAC
3339:350320
3232:italic
2876:
2837:
2748:
2627:6 July
2599:
2560:
2489:
2374:
2364:
2323:
2296:
2286:
2237:
2227:
2152:
2092:
2082:
2030:
1836:
1826:
1733:
1726:122207
1723:
1674:
1627:
1619:
1580:
1570:
1518:
1510:
1500:
1456:
1326:
1271:
1261:
1213:
1172:
1073:
650:testis
462:thorax
387:Eocene
309:chitin
290:extant
224:, 1853
205:, 1866
185:, 1802
3513:WoRMS
3505:22826
3456:84195
3438:IRMNG
3430:68764
3391:13279
3352:62299
2874:S2CID
2150:S2CID
1625:S2CID
1516:S2CID
1324:S2CID
1071:S2CID
695:cilia
506:heart
333:Greek
274:class
3518:1078
3469:6670
3464:NCBI
3451:ITIS
3443:1221
3412:GBIF
3373:EPPO
3365:1456
3321:BOLD
2835:ISBN
2629:2016
2597:ISBN
2558:ISSN
2487:ISBN
2372:PMID
2321:ISBN
2294:PMID
2235:PMID
2090:PMID
2028:PMID
1834:PMID
1731:PMID
1672:PMID
1617:PMID
1578:PMID
1508:LCCN
1498:ISBN
1454:ISBN
1269:PMID
1211:PMID
1170:ISBN
599:and
222:Dana
203:Sars
46:PreꞒ
3417:353
3360:EoL
3347:CoL
3308:AFD
3295:ADW
2866:doi
2862:143
2775:doi
2746:PMC
2738:doi
2706:doi
2679:doi
2652:doi
2550:doi
2546:493
2362:PMC
2354:doi
2350:273
2284:PMC
2274:doi
2225:PMC
2217:doi
2142:doi
2138:595
2080:PMC
2070:doi
2020:doi
2016:108
1941:doi
1903:doi
1899:178
1869:PDF
1824:PMC
1814:doi
1773:doi
1769:147
1721:PMC
1711:doi
1664:doi
1609:doi
1605:208
1599:".
1568:PMC
1558:doi
1490:doi
1405:doi
1316:doi
1312:538
1259:PMC
1251:doi
1247:277
1203:doi
1162:doi
1097:doi
1063:doi
681:).
385:of
3537::
3515::
3502::
3489::
3466::
3453::
3440::
3427::
3414::
3401::
3388::
3375::
3362::
3349::
3336::
3326:80
3323::
3310::
3297::
3282::
3267::
2872:.
2860:.
2833:.
2829:.
2771:24
2769:.
2744:.
2734:72
2732:.
2728:.
2702:30
2700:.
2673:.
2648:37
2646:.
2620:.
2591:.
2587:.
2556:.
2544:.
2540:.
2514:.
2485:.
2481:.
2370:.
2360:.
2348:.
2344:.
2292:.
2282:.
2272:.
2262:16
2260:.
2256:.
2233:.
2223:.
2215:.
2205:13
2203:.
2199:.
2180:.
2174:.
2162:^
2148:.
2136:.
2119:11
2117:.
2111:.
2088:.
2078:.
2064:.
2026:.
2014:.
1961:.
1935:.
1897:.
1877:.
1873:.
1832:.
1822:.
1812:.
1800:.
1796:.
1767:.
1763:.
1729:.
1719:.
1709:.
1699:99
1697:.
1693:.
1670:.
1662:.
1652:79
1650:.
1646:.
1623:.
1615:.
1603:.
1576:.
1566:.
1556:.
1544:.
1540:.
1514:.
1506:.
1496:.
1448::
1444:.
1428:^
1401:38
1399:.
1322:.
1310:.
1267:.
1257:.
1245:.
1239:.
1231:;
1209:.
1199:30
1197:.
1184:^
1168:.
1083:^
1069:.
1059:88
1057:.
1053:.
603:.
595:,
401:.
96:Pg
2964:e
2957:t
2950:v
2880:.
2868::
2843:.
2781:.
2777::
2754:.
2740::
2712:.
2708::
2685:.
2681::
2675:9
2658:.
2654::
2631:.
2605:.
2581:(
2564:.
2552::
2512:"
2508:"
2495:.
2378:.
2356::
2329:.
2300:.
2276::
2268::
2241:.
2219::
2211::
2182:8
2156:.
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