1079:
well preserved. In front of each stele is a small altar. Inscriptions have been found on two of those altars. Antiochos expended great effort to ensure that everyone was aware that he was related to the dynasty of the King of Kings, Darius I, by the marriage of princess
Rhodogune to his ancestor Orontes. The father of Rhodogune was the Persian king, Artaxerxes. In 401 BC Artaxerxes defeated his younger brother, who tried to depose him. Because of the help Artaxerxes received from Orontesâhis military commander and satrap of Armeniaâhe gave his daughter in marriage to him. Their descendant, the Orontid
847:
603:
738:
179:
1071:
4080:
940:
839:
982:, for which position he was well-suited because of his noble birth and his hatred of the king. Misled by his love of power and fraud, he betrayed his fellow satraps to the king. But he revolted a second time, probably owing to his dissatisfaction with the king's rewards, and launched several attacks, which were continued in the reign of the new king
1053:
decided to suppress the local dynasties, and besieged
Arsamosata. Xerxes, the satrap of Sophene and Commagene, surrendered and implored the clemency of the king, whom he accepted as his sovereign. Antiochus gave his sister Antiochis as a wife to Xerxes; she would later murder him. Greater Armenia was
3304:
Aramaic, the language of the imperial administration, was introduced into
Armenia, where, for centuries, it continued to be used in official documents. Old Persian cuneiform, meanwhile, was used in most inscriptions. Xenophon mentions that he used a Persian interpreter to converse with Armenians and
2951:
much earlier choice of the name "Tigranes" for the crown prince of
Armenia in his historical romance, the Cyropaedia (Xen., Cyr. 3.1.7). (...) Except for the occasional princes imposed by the Romans, none of whom succeeded in consolidating himself on the throne, all the dynasties to rule pre-Islamic
1078:
In Nemrut Dagi, opposite the statues of Gods there are a long row of pedestals, on which stood the steles of the Greek ancestors of
Antiochos. At a right angle to this row stood another row of steles, depicting his Orontid and Achaemenid ancestors. From these steles the ones of Darius and Xerxes are
3447:
The most striking example of the syncretism of gods in ancient
Parthia actually occurs in a former Armenian satellite kingdom, namely Commagene, the modern Malatya district. Here a scion of the Armenian Orontid house, King Antiochus I (69 â 38 B.C.) built himself a funeral hill at Nimrud Dagh.(..)
2943:
However, the recent discovery in
Armenia of boundary stones with Aramaic inscriptions, in which the ruler ArtaĹĄÄs proclaims himself "the son of Zareh" and an "Eruandid king" (Perikhanian, 1966), demonstrates that both "generals" , far from being Macedonians, belonged in fact to the earlier native
725:(r. ca. 210â200 B.C.), the structure of government had begun to resemble Greek institutions, and Greek was used as the language of the royal court. Ervand had surrounded himself by the Hellenized nobility and sponsored the establishment of a Greek school in Armavir, the capital of the
3553:, and the greater part of the Armenian vocabulary consists of Mid. Ir. loanwords. The Armenians preserved strong regional traditions which appear to have been incorporated into Zoroastrianism, a religion adopted by them probably in the Achaemenid period.
3374:
Tigran (Tigranes) II was the most distinguished member of the so-called ArtaĹĄÄsid/Artaxiad dynasty, which has now been identified as a branch of the earlier
Eruandid dynasty of Iranian origin attested as ruling in Armenia from at least the 5th century
668:(Modern Persian اعŮŮŘŻ Arvand). Various Greek transcriptions of the name in Classical sources are spelled as Orontes, Aruandes or Ardoates. The presence of this dynasty is attested from at least 400 BC, and it can be shown to have ruled originally from
3347:
Iranian culture deeply influenced
Armenia, and Iranian dynasties ruled Armenia during several important periods, including the Orontids (c. sixth century - c. early second century BCE) and Arsacids (54-428
1054:
ruled by an
Orontid descendant of Hydarnes, the last Orontid ruler of Greater Armenia (Strabo xi.14.15); he was apparently subdued by Antiochus III the Great, who then divided the land between his generals
3575:
The Commagene kings claimed to be descended from the Orontids, a powerful Iranian family that had ruled the area during the Achaemenid period. They were related to the Achaemenids who had built a kingdom
894:. Xenophon mentions two individuals by the name Orontes, apparently both Persian. One was a nobleman and military officer of high rank, belonging to the royal family; as the commander of the citadel of
2948:/ArtaĹĄÄsids as they came to be known, with their Iranian antecedents, continued to rule Armenia as before. An unexpected corroboration of this dynastic continuity is also provided by Xenophon's
1824:
1026:. Alexander appointed an Orontid named Mithranes to govern Armenia following the defeat of Orontes II. With the agreement at Babylon after Alexander's death (323 BC) Armenia was assigned to
1049:. Towards the end of 212 BC the country was divided into two kingdoms, both vassal states of the Seleucids: Greater Armenia and Armenia Sophene, including Commagene or Armenia Minor.
2897:
The Hellenistic invasion of Persia partially influenced Armenia as well, but Persian and local Armenian culture remained the strongest element within society and the elites.
3493:
It is not known whether the Yervandunis were ethnically Armenian. They probably had marriage links to the rulers of Persia and other leading noble houses in Armenia.
679:
The precise date of the foundation of the Orontid dynasty is debated by scholars to this day but there is a consensus that it occurred after the destruction of
633:, the Orontids probably had marriage links to the rulers of Persia and other leading noble houses in Armenia, and states their Armenian ethnicity is uncertain.
962:, called Aroandes (son of Artasouras and husband of Artaxerxes's daughter Rhodogoune), is reckoned, among others, as an ancestor of the Orontids ruling over
916:
has a detailed description of the country, where it is also written that the region near the river Centrites was defended by the satrap of Armenia for
4729:
1778:
4275:
699:
Despite the Hellenistic invasion of Persia, Persian and local Armenian culture remained the strongest element within society and the elites.
3311:
Canepa, Matthew (2010). "Achaemenid and Seleukid Royal Funerary Practices and Middle Iranian Kingship". In BĂśrm, H.; WiesehĂśfer, J. (eds.).
3360:
The above mentioned Orontids....but also because the two satraps who were contemporaries of Xenophon's are explicitly stated to be Persian.
541:
622:. Throughout their existence, the Orontids stressed their lineage from the Achaemenids in order to strengthen their political legitimacy.
582:
and after the collapse of the Achaemenid Empire established an independent kingdom. Later, a branch of the Orontids ruled as kings of
4834:
1030:, and kept it till his death in battle in 321 BC. Around 302 BC the capital was transferred from Armavir to Yervandashat by Orontes.
3751:
2856:
4829:
4722:
3542:
3238:
3219:
3385:
4260:
2936:
4250:
4193:
4110:
3452:
son of Hystaspes, while Greek inscriptions record the dead ruler's connections with the Armenian dynasty of the Orontids.
4032:
4027:
3674:
3568:
3510:
3340:
3276:
2973:
483:
4687:
3764:
3486:
3440:
3297:
3257:
4715:
4554:
534:
4839:
3969:
3964:
3315:
Commutatio et Contentio. Studies in the Late Roman, Sasanian, and Early Islamic Near East in Memory of Zeev Rubin
488:
428:
418:
657:
4593:
4281:
4120:
3883:
2821:
710:. Xenophon used an interpreter to speak to Armenians, while some Armenian villages were conversant in Persian.
591:
571:
288:
43:
4798:
4360:
4330:
4166:
3248:
Adrych, Philippa; Bracey, Robert; Dalglish, Dominic; Lenk, Stefanie; Wood, Rachel (2017). Elsner, JaĹ (ed.).
645:
453:
223:
213:
4604:
4521:
4288:
4213:
3779:
3744:
3709:
2833:
1014:
under the command of Orontes and a certain Mithraustes. Diodorus mentions that Orontes was a friend of the
1010:
was the satrap of Armenia following Orontes, from 344 to 336 BC. An Armenian contingent was present at the
509:
411:
3327:(2015). "Dynastic Sanctuaries and the Transformation of Iranian Kingship between Alexander and Islam". In
932:. Tiribaz is mentioned as hipparchos (vice-governor) of Armenia under Orontes, who later became satrap of
4588:
4583:
4487:
4370:
4345:
4245:
4064:
3934:
3806:
3596:(1961). "Introduction to Christian Caucasian History: II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period".
2878:
2827:
673:
527:
398:
303:
198:
158:
4763:
4058:
3432:
2839:
2809:
458:
368:
328:
4573:
4270:
4145:
4140:
4125:
4053:
4022:
2852:
990:, but finally he must have become reconciled with the king. In 349 he was honored by a decree of the
891:
478:
353:
104:
890:." In 401 BC Xenophon marched through Armenia with a large army of Greek mercenaries as part of the
471:
4824:
4578:
4543:
4150:
3419:. Vol. I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan.
3333:
Persian Kingship and Architecture: Strategies of Power in Iran from the Achaemenids to the Pahlavis
2815:
1080:
994:
with civic rights and a golden wreath. Many coins were struck by him during the Satraps' Revolt in
951:
178:
4783:
4631:
4498:
4325:
4320:
4240:
4223:
4198:
4155:
3831:
3811:
3796:
3737:
2803:
2778:
1050:
1037:, but it maintained a considerable degree of autonomy, retaining its native rulers. According to
513:
388:
203:
17:
4742:
4626:
4388:
4315:
4228:
950:
In 401 BC Artaxerxes gave him his daughter Rhodogoune in marriage. In two inscriptions of king
846:
718:
669:
115:
3724:
3478:
4419:
4218:
4203:
3999:
2712:
2631:
1027:
792:
758:
707:
423:
363:
73:
590:. They are the first of the three royal dynasties that successively ruled the antiquity-era
4516:
4380:
4265:
4235:
4208:
4135:
4088:
2652:
983:
903:
859:
787:
51:
8:
4565:
4466:
4355:
4350:
4181:
1023:
1015:
1011:
912:
498:
191:
886:
in 480 BC. Herodotus says that the Armenians in the army of Xerxes "were armed like the
842:
An Armenian tribute bearer carrying a metal vessel with griffin handles. 5th century BC.
706:, where it was used in official documents for centuries. Whereas most inscriptions used
4680:
4481:
4402:
4365:
4303:
4115:
4105:
3876:
3772:
3725:
The Yervanduni Dynasty-A. Richard Diebold Center for Indo-European Language and Culture
3621:
3613:
879:
875:
800:
726:
714:
619:
607:
583:
567:
378:
308:
293:
278:
167:
47:
770:. His elder son was also named Tigranes. Upon the outbreak of hostilities between the
4768:
4536:
4526:
4506:
4449:
4429:
4414:
4340:
4255:
4048:
3929:
3898:
3871:
3625:
3564:
3538:
3506:
3482:
3471:
3436:
3403:
3399:
3336:
3324:
3293:
3287:
3272:
3253:
3234:
3215:
2969:
2760:
955:
899:
863:
828:
649:
579:
448:
443:
373:
318:
3450:
We see the king's paternal ancestors, traced back to the Achaemenian monarch Darius,
811:
Vaumisa who defeated the Armenians on May 20, 521 BC. Around the same time, another
4758:
4696:
4598:
4548:
4511:
4476:
4471:
4459:
4454:
4434:
3994:
3939:
3903:
3605:
3522:
3429:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanid Periods
3381:
2980:
The Artsruni Princes were, like the Artaxiads, related to the ancient Orontid line.
2945:
2868:
2790:
2736:
2637:
1084:
1042:
971:
907:
753:
637:
630:
358:
341:
323:
218:
141:
137:
3367:
2932:
4636:
4006:
3893:
3801:
3692:
3670:
3659:
3633:
3593:
3530:
3526:
3500:
3459:
2784:
1096:
1034:
763:
615:
517:
438:
433:
383:
271:
3583:
1045:
took refuge in Armenian territory governed by King Arsames, founder of the city
4803:
4621:
4444:
3989:
3637:
3549:
Iran, however, was to be the dominant influence in Armenian spiritual culture.
3427:
Lang, David M. (2000). "Iran, Armenia and Georgia". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.).
1033:
Starting from 301 BC Armenia is included within the sphere of influence of the
1022:. Armenia formally passed to the Macedonian Empire, as its rulers submitted to
910:, but was taken prisoner and sentenced to death by a court martial. Xenophon's
808:
602:
393:
283:
3609:
4818:
4438:
4335:
3984:
3979:
3924:
3888:
3421:..but the existence of a local Armenian dynasty, probably of Iranian origin..
3328:
2739:(Armenia and Sophene c. 260 BC, unknown previous tenure as Satrap of Sophene)
1831:
917:
791:(xi.13.5). In 521 BC, with the disturbances that occurred after the death of
298:
2944:
dynasty, albeit probably to collateral branches, and that the Eruandids, or
721:
indicate that the upper classes used Greek as one of their languages. Under
4646:
4641:
4424:
4160:
4100:
3974:
3959:
3407:
2658:
1800:
1608:
804:
4707:
974:
mentions another Orontes, possibly the same, that in 362 BC was satrap of
737:
618:
origin, and suggest that it held dynastic familial linkages to the ruling
4661:
3821:
2730:
2356:
1455:
832:
228:
3617:
781:
As a successor of Astyages, Cyrus demanded to be paid the same tribute.
4793:
4130:
3954:
3551:
The Orontid, Artaxiad, and Arsacid dynasties were all Iranian in origin
3084:
2772:
2766:
2754:
2694:
2683:
2106:
1301:
1070:
1055:
1046:
1007:
995:
979:
929:
722:
97:
3535:
EncyclopĂŚdia Iranica, Volume II/4: Architecture IVâArmenia and Iran IV
4788:
4531:
3949:
3944:
3537:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 438â444.
3464:. Armenian library of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. p. 37.
2873:
2748:
2742:
2724:
2706:
2700:
2677:
2664:
2606:
2231:
1976:
1840:
1769:
1059:
1038:
1019:
1003:
963:
959:
943:
925:
921:
887:
871:
824:
812:
775:
749:
684:
626:
587:
313:
78:
3197:
Tiratsyan, âHayastane vagh hellenizmi zhamanakashrjanum,â pp. 514â15
4778:
4773:
3919:
3841:
3729:
2949:
2646:
1062:(Zareh), both of whom would claim descent from the Orontid family.
987:
967:
851:
767:
745:
574:
from 321 BC to 200 BC. The Orontids ruled first as client kings or
348:
243:
3461:
The Trade and Cities of Armenia in Relation to Ancient World Trade
3356:
Greek Texts and Armenian Traditions: An Interdisciplinary Approach
3313:
4738:
4651:
4079:
3846:
3826:
3760:
2718:
2481:
999:
820:
796:
703:
493:
233:
3473:
The Armenians From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars
676:. Armavir is called the "first capital of the Orontid dynasty".
3856:
3851:
3836:
991:
946:
Gold coin held at the National Library, Paris, dated to 362 BC.
895:
883:
867:
816:
782:
680:
636:
The name Orontes is the Hellenized form of a masculine name of
575:
258:
253:
238:
2935:(2004). "ARMENO-IRANIAN RELATIONS in the pre-Islamic period".
986:. During that time he also conquered and occupied the town of
778:, Tigranes had renounced his treaty obligations to the Medes.
4656:
3861:
3642:. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press. p. 278.
3502:
The history of Armenia : from the origins to the present
975:
933:
771:
688:
656:
in Modern Armenian). The name is only attested in Greek (Gr.:
248:
145:
3505:(1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 8â9.
3157:
3155:
3153:
939:
819:, son of Haldita, claimed to be the son of the last king of
3816:
2846:
838:
208:
3666:. 72 (1959), pp. 1â36 and 73 (1960), pp. 73â106.
3140:
3138:
3212:
A History of the Armenian People: Pre-history to 1500 A.D
3150:
3096:
3247:
3090:
3060:
807:
to suffocate the revolt, later substituting him for the
3646:
praenomen Orontes is as Iranian as the dynasty itself..
3179:
3167:
3135:
3108:
2997:
850:
Armenian soldier of the Achaemenid army, circa 470 BC.
732:
3688:] (in Armenian). Vol. I. Yerevan: Haypethrat.
3477:. United Kingdom: Columbia University Press. pp.
3125:
3123:
3072:
3038:
3036:
2985:
2915:
2913:
2757:(Sophene c. 230 BC, possibly same person as Arsames I)
2625:
831:. His rebellion was short-lived and was suppressed by
3685:
Critical theory of the history of the Armenian people
3354:
Gaggero, Gianfranco (2016). "Armenians in Xenophon".
3305:
in some Armenian villages they responded in Persian.
3021:
3120:
3033:
3009:
2910:
3470:
3312:
3048:
3292:. California: Mazda Publishers, Inc. p. 23.
862:. After the administrative reorganization of the
4816:
3417:The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times
3402:: Chief Editorial Office of Eastern Literature.
3271:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 37.
2690:(Note: Some dates are approximate or doubtful).
1095:Family tree of the Orontid dynasty according to
858:These events are described in detail within the
614:Some historians state that the Orontids were of
27:Kings of Armenia and later Sophene and Commagene
1006:. All subsequent Orontids are his descendants.
2745:(260â228 BC) (Armenia, Sophene, and Commagene)
766:with whom he hunted. Tigranes paid tribute to
4723:
3745:
2797:
535:
3676:KĘťnnakan tesutĘťyun hay zhoghovrdi patmutĘťyan
625:Other historians state the Orontids were of
4737:
3708:] (in Armenian). Vol. I. Yerevan:
3414:
3285:
3209:
3161:
978:and was the leader of the Satrap Revolt in
4730:
4716:
3752:
3738:
3679:ŐŐśŐśŐĄŐŻŐĄŐś ŐżŐĽŐ˝Ő¸ÖŐŠŐľŐ¸ÖŐś Ő°ŐĄŐľ ŐŞŐ¸Ő˛Ő¸ŐžÖŐ¤ŐŤ ŐşŐĄŐżŐ´Ő¸ÖŐŠŐľŐĄŐś
542:
528:
3632:
3592:
3527:"ARMENIA AND IRAN iii. Armenian Religion"
3498:
3468:
3457:
3185:
3173:
3144:
3114:
3078:
3066:
3003:
2991:
3563:. Harvard University Press. p. 23.
3392:History of the Iranian State and Culture
3387:ĐŃŃĐžŃĐ¸Ń Đ¸ŃĐ°Đ˝ŃкОгО гОŃŃĐ´Đ°ŃŃŃва и ĐşŃĐťŃŃŃŃŃ
3380:
3365:
3289:A Concise History of the Armenian People
3102:
2931:
2919:
1069:
1065:
938:
878:. These satraps provided contingents to
874:satraps regularly intermarried with the
845:
837:
736:
601:
597:
3581:
3521:
3353:
3233:. Oxford University Press. p. 21.
3228:
3129:
3027:
14:
4817:
3639:Studies in Christian Caucasian history
3558:
3323:
3310:
3266:
3042:
3015:
2963:
4711:
3733:
3604:. Cambridge University Press: 1â106.
2617:
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2604:
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2217:
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2211:
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2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1838:
1836:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1809:
1798:
1796:
1789:
1776:
1764:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
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1619:
1617:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1548:
1546:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
866:, Armenia was converted into several
3759:
3582:Schmitt, RĂźdiger (2002). "ORONTES".
3426:
3054:
2769:(212â200 BC) (Sophene and Commagene)
2763:(228â212 BC) (Sophene and Commagene)
2671:
1074:Nemrut DaÄÄą, Statues at East Terrace
1041:, in 227 BC the Seleucid rebel king
733:Orontid kings and satraps of Armenia
3231:The Art of Armenia: An Introduction
2626:Orontid kings in Armenian tradition
24:
4276:President of the National Assembly
3653:
3366:Garsoian, N. (2005). "TIGRAN II".
3269:The Royal Hunt in Eurasian History
966:, who traced back their family to
177:
25:
4851:
3718:
3710:Haykakan SSH GA hratarakchĘťutĘťyun
2968:. Psychology Press. p. 226.
2966:The Kingdom of Armenia: A History
799:as King, the Armenians revolted.
702:The imperial administration used
664:(brave, hero) and Middle Persian
4835:2nd-century BC disestablishments
4078:
3415:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1997).
3191:
2891:
489:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
2957:
2952:Armenia were of Iranian stock.
2925:
902:and he tried to betray him to
13:
1:
4830:6th-century BC establishments
2904:
660:). Its Avestan connection is
3662:. "A Note on the Orontids."
3286:Bournoutian, George (2006).
3210:Bournoutian, George (1995).
2667:(2nd half of 5th century BC)
924:, son of Artasyras, who had
7:
4589:Armenian Brotherhood Church
4584:Armenian Evangelical Church
3935:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
3252:. Oxford University Press.
3229:Maranci, Christina (2018).
2879:List of rulers of Commagene
2862:
2781:(201 BCâ163 BC) (Commagene)
2715:(non-dynastic) (323â321 BC)
876:family of the King of Kings
694:
629:origin, while according to
304:Christianization of Armenia
10:
4856:
4059:Armenian national movement
3561:The Middle East Under Rome
3469:Panossian, Razmik (2006).
3433:Cambridge University Press
3335:. I.B.Tauris. p. 80.
3267:Allsen, Thomas T. (2011).
3203:
2810:Sames II Theosebes Dikaios
2798:Orontid kings of Commagene
2661:(middle of 5th century BC)
1090:
1083:married Seleucid Princess
610:under the Orontid dynasty.
369:Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
329:Muslim conquest of Armenia
4749:
4674:
4614:
4574:Armenian Apostolic Church
4564:
4497:
4410:
4401:
4379:
4311:
4302:
4251:National Security Service
4189:
4180:
4096:
4087:
4076:
4054:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
4041:
4023:First Republic of Armenia
4015:
3970:1508â1828 Iranian Armenia
3912:
3789:
3771:
3610:10.1017/S0362152900008473
3499:Payaslian, Simon (2007).
3458:Manandian, Hagop (1965).
3331:; Grigor, Talinn (eds.).
2546:
2544:
2421:
2419:
2296:
2294:
2171:
2169:
2043:
2041:
2021:
2019:
1972:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1901:
1885:
1883:
1867:
1865:
1851:
1849:
1787:
1774:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1712:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1215:
892:March of the Ten Thousand
785:corroborates this in his
741:Orontid Armenia in 250 BC
479:First Republic of Armenia
354:Principality of Hamamshen
224:LchashenâMetsamor culture
214:TrialetiâVanadzor culture
133:
121:
111:
102:Mithrobazane II (Sophene)
93:
85:
69:
57:
39:
34:
4579:Armenian Catholic Church
4194:Administrative divisions
3699:
3678:
3559:Sartre, Maurice (2005).
2884:
2816:Mithridates I Callinicus
1081:Mithridates I Callinicus
952:Antiochus I of Commagene
795:and the proclamation of
61:6th century BC (Armenia)
4156:Shikahogh State Reserve
3807:ShulaveriâShomu culture
2721:(non-dynastic) (321 BC)
2709:(non-dynastic) (323 BC)
1051:Antiochus III the Great
928:contingents as well as
898:, he waged war against
835:, Darius' bow carrier.
803:sent an Armenian named
389:Principality of Khachen
254:Urartu (Kingdom of Van)
199:ShulaveriâShomu culture
182:Coat of Arms of Armenia
116:King of Greater Armenia
4840:Ancient royal families
4627:Armenian eternity sign
4389:South Caucasus Railway
3398:(in Russian). Moscow:
2775:(228â200 BC) (Armenia)
2655:(early 5th century BC)
1075:
947:
855:
843:
827:, and renamed himself
742:
611:
183:
4000:Treaty of Turkmenchay
3585:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3369:Encyclopaedia Iranica
2938:Encyclopaedia Iranica
2649:(late 6th century BC)
2632:Orontes I Sakavakyats
1073:
1066:Orontids of Commagene
942:
849:
841:
740:
708:Old Persian cuneiform
605:
598:Historical background
570:until 330 BC and the
364:Kingdom of Vaspurakan
181:
74:Orontes I Sakavakyats
4321:AMX (stock exchange)
984:Artaxerxes III Ochus
904:Artaxerxes II Memnon
860:Behistun inscription
762:. He was an ally of
558:, also known as the
494:Contemporary Armenia
52:Kingdom of Commagene
4331:Central Depository
4033:Independent Armenia
3812:KuraâAraxes culture
2964:Chahin, M. (2001).
2855:38â72 AD and wife,
2643:Vahagn (530â515 BC)
1024:Alexander the Great
1012:Battle of Gaugamela
954:on his monument at
906:shortly before the
499:Republic of Artsakh
249:Nairi Confederation
204:KuraâAraxes culture
4361:Telecommunications
4282:more on government
4106:Armenian highlands
3884:Kingdom of Armenia
3877:Satrapy of Armenia
3712:. pp. 19â401.
3325:Canepa, Matthew P.
3091:Adrych et al. 2017
1952:satrap of Babylone
1076:
948:
856:
844:
801:Darius I of Persia
743:
715:Greek inscriptions
620:Achaemenid dynasty
612:
608:Satrapy of Armenia
592:Kingdom of Armenia
572:Kingdom of Armenia
568:Satrapy of Armenia
399:Kingdom of Cilicia
379:Kingdom of Artsakh
359:Kingdom of Armenia
349:Emirate of Armenia
309:Kingdom of Sophene
289:Kingdom of Armenia
279:Satrapy of Armenia
184:
65:163 BC (Commagene)
48:Kingdom of Sophene
44:Kingdom of Armenia
4812:
4811:
4705:
4704:
4670:
4669:
4522:Ethnic minorities
4397:
4396:
4298:
4297:
4261:Political parties
4246:National Assembly
4214:Foreign relations
4176:
4175:
4074:
4073:
4049:Armenian genocide
3930:Bagratuni Armenia
3899:Byzantine Armenia
3872:Achaemenid Empire
3857:Kingdom of Urartu
3544:978-0-71009-104-8
3382:Ghafurov, Bobojon
3240:978-0-19-093588-7
3221:978-0-939214-96-9
3105:, pp. 30â31.
2822:Antiochus I Theos
2793:rule (189â163 BC)
2787:rule (200â189 BC)
2684:Darius Codomannus
2672:Kings and satraps
2623:
2622:
2613:
2488:
2363:
2238:
2113:
2110:satrap of Armenia
2088:
1983:
1980:satrap of Armenia
1970:
1955:
1936:
1845:
1844:satrap of Hyrcany
1834:
1818:
1807:
1794:
1785:
1782:Satrap of Armenia
1772:
1648:
1638:
1615:
1612:Satrap of Armenia
1478:
1471:
1462:
1319:
1308:
1153:
900:Cyrus the Younger
829:Nebuchadnezzar IV
672:and subsequently
640:origin, rendered
594:(321 BCâ428 AD).
580:Achaemenid Empire
552:
551:
459:National movement
449:Armenian genocide
444:Armenian question
374:Kingdom of Syunik
319:Byzantine Armenia
151:
150:
129:72 AD (Commagene)
16:(Redirected from
4847:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4709:
4708:
4690:
4683:
4408:
4407:
4371:Waste management
4309:
4308:
4187:
4186:
4094:
4093:
4082:
3995:Karabakh Khanate
3904:Sasanian Armenia
3787:
3786:
3783:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3713:
3693:Manandian, Hakob
3689:
3671:Manandian, Hakob
3649:
3634:Toumanoff, Cyril
3629:
3594:Toumanoff, Cyril
3589:
3578:
3555:
3531:Yarshater, Ehsan
3516:
3495:
3476:
3465:
3454:
3423:
3411:
3397:
3377:
3362:
3350:
3320:
3319:. pp. 1â21.
3318:
3307:
3282:
3263:
3250:Images of Mithra
3244:
3225:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3162:Bournoutian 2006
3159:
3148:
3142:
3133:
3127:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2898:
2895:
2869:Artaxiad dynasty
2737:Sames of Sophene
2638:Tigranes Orontid
2605:
2480:
2355:
2230:
2105:
2082:
1975:
1968:
1949:
1932:
1839:
1823:
1812:
1804:satrap of Sardes
1799:
1790:
1777:
1765:
1644:
1636:
1607:
1476:
1467:
1459:chiliarc of Iran
1454:
1317:
1305:Persian nobleman
1300:
1151:
1102:
1101:
1085:Laodice VII Thea
1043:Antiochus Hierax
972:Diodorus Siculus
908:battle of Cunaxa
631:Razmik Panossian
544:
537:
530:
412:Early modern age
324:Sasanian Armenia
171:
153:
152:
142:Artsruni dynasty
138:Artaxiad dynasty
125:200 BC (Armenia)
63:260 BC (Sophene)
32:
31:
21:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4825:Orontid dynasty
4815:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4745:
4736:
4706:
4701:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4666:
4647:National anthem
4610:
4560:
4493:
4393:
4375:
4336:Dram (currency)
4294:
4172:
4083:
4070:
4037:
4011:
4007:Russian Armenia
3965:Ottoman Armenia
3908:
3894:Parthian Empire
3867:Orontid dynasty
3777:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3721:
3701:
3691:
3680:
3669:
3660:Cyril Toumanoff
3656:
3654:Further reading
3571:
3545:
3513:
3489:
3443:
3435:. p. 535.
3395:
3343:
3300:
3279:
3260:
3241:
3222:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3168:
3160:
3151:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3014:
3010:
3002:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2976:
2962:
2958:
2930:
2926:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2865:
2834:Mithridates III
2800:
2674:
2628:
2612:(ap.260-ap.228)
2611:
2610:king of Armenia
2609:
2486:
2485:king of Armenia
2484:
2362:(ca.317-ca.260)
2361:
2360:king of Armenia
2359:
2236:
2235:king of Armenia
2234:
2111:
2109:
2086:
2085:satrap of Ionie
2084:
1981:
1979:
1953:
1951:
1934:
1843:
1829:
1827:
1817:executed in 410
1816:
1814:
1813:several princes
1805:
1803:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1767:
1646:
1613:
1611:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1306:
1304:
1097:Cyril Toumanoff
1093:
1068:
1058:(Artashes) and
1035:Seleucid Empire
815:by the name of
764:Cyrus the Great
735:
723:Ervand the Last
697:
691:around 612 BC.
600:
556:Orontid dynasty
548:
504:
503:
484:Armenian S.S.R.
474:
464:
463:
454:Western Armenia
439:Armenian Oblast
434:Russian Armenia
429:Ottoman Armenia
419:Iranian Armenia
414:
404:
403:
384:Zakarid Armenia
344:
334:
333:
294:Armenian Empire
274:
264:
263:
194:
169:
162:
144:
140:
128:
127:95 BC (Sophene)
126:
103:
101:
77:
64:
62:
50:
46:
35:Orontid dynasty
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4853:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4784:Hasan-Jalalyan
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4735:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4712:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4622:Armenian Cross
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4447:
4442:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4351:Pension reform
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4273:
4271:Prime Minister
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4141:Municipalities
4138:
4133:
4128:
4126:Extreme points
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4028:Soviet Armenia
4025:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3990:Erivan Khanate
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3869:
3864:
3862:Median kingdom
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3784:
3769:
3768:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3719:External links
3717:
3716:
3715:
3667:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3630:
3590:
3579:
3570:978-0674016835
3569:
3556:
3543:
3523:Russell, J. R.
3519:
3517:
3512:978-1403974679
3511:
3496:
3487:
3466:
3455:
3441:
3424:
3412:
3378:
3363:
3358:. De Gruyter.
3351:
3342:978-1848857513
3341:
3329:Babaie, Sussan
3321:
3308:
3298:
3283:
3278:978-0812201079
3277:
3264:
3258:
3245:
3239:
3226:
3220:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3190:
3186:Payaslian 2007
3178:
3174:Manandian 1965
3166:
3149:
3145:Panossian 2006
3134:
3119:
3115:Panossian 2006
3107:
3095:
3093:, p. 138.
3083:
3079:Payaslian 2007
3071:
3069:, p. 8-9.
3067:Payaslian 2007
3059:
3057:, p. 535.
3047:
3032:
3020:
3008:
3006:, p. 278.
3004:Toumanoff 1963
2996:
2992:Toumanoff 1961
2984:
2975:978-0700714520
2974:
2956:
2933:Garsoian, Nina
2924:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2850:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2828:Mithridates II
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2635:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1837:
1835:
1821:
1819:
1815:and princesses
1810:
1808:
1797:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1647:gouv. of Akkad
1642:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1465:
1463:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1092:
1089:
1067:
1064:
882:' invasion of
864:Persian Empire
734:
731:
696:
693:
599:
596:
550:
549:
547:
546:
539:
532:
524:
521:
520:
506:
505:
502:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
475:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
424:Five Melikdoms
421:
415:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
396:
394:Mongol Armenia
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
345:
340:
339:
336:
335:
332:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
275:
270:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
209:Legend of Hayk
206:
201:
195:
190:
189:
186:
185:
174:
173:
164:
163:
156:
149:
148:
135:
134:Cadet branches
131:
130:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
71:
67:
66:
59:
55:
54:
41:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4852:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4733:
4728:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Social issues
4542:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:Afsharid Iran
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3889:Roman Armenia
3887:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3644:The eponym's
3641:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3488:9781850657880
3484:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3444:
3442:0-521-20092-X
3438:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3306:
3301:
3299:1-56859-141-1
3295:
3291:
3290:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3259:9780192511119
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3194:
3188:, p. 12.
3187:
3182:
3176:, p. 37.
3175:
3170:
3164:, p. 23.
3163:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3147:, p. 36.
3146:
3141:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3117:, p. 35.
3116:
3111:
3104:
3103:Ghafurov 1971
3099:
3092:
3087:
3080:
3075:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3051:
3045:, p. 37.
3044:
3039:
3037:
3030:, p. 79.
3029:
3024:
3018:, p. 80.
3017:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2994:, p. 53.
2993:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2921:
2920:Garsoian 2005
2916:
2914:
2909:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2840:Antiochus III
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2620:
2608:
2559:
2557:
2497:
2495:
2483:
2434:
2432:
2372:
2370:
2358:
2309:
2307:
2247:
2245:
2233:
2184:
2182:
2122:
2120:
2108:
2056:
2054:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1922:
1920:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1833:
1832:Artaxerxes II
1826:
1802:
1780:
1771:
1763:
1760:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1730:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1700:
1684:
1682:
1666:
1664:
1653:
1651:
1610:
1581:
1578:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1530:
1528:
1516:
1514:
1487:
1485:
1457:
1416:
1413:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1328:
1326:
1303:
1258:
1255:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1168:
1166:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
945:
941:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:Artaxerxes II
915:
914:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
853:
848:
840:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:
755:
751:
747:
739:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
700:
692:
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
609:
604:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
545:
540:
538:
533:
531:
526:
525:
523:
522:
519:
515:
511:
508:
507:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
473:
468:
467:
460:
457:
455:
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450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
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407:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
343:
338:
337:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
299:Roman Armenia
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
284:Armenia Minor
282:
280:
277:
276:
273:
268:
267:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
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220:
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210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
193:
188:
187:
180:
176:
175:
172:
166:
165:
160:
155:
154:
147:
146:Gnuni dynasty
143:
139:
136:
132:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
106:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
72:
68:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4753:
4739:Royal houses
4642:Mount Ararat
4632:Coat of arms
4603:
4553:
4499:Demographics
4486:
4420:Architecture
4326:Central Bank
4287:
4280:
4224:Human rights
4199:Constitution
4165:
4161:Shirak Plain
4101:Ararat Plain
4063:
3975:Safavid Iran
3960:Kara Koyunlu
3866:
3706:
3703:
3696:
3686:
3683:
3675:
3663:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3601:
3597:
3584:
3574:
3560:
3550:
3548:
3534:
3501:
3492:
3472:
3460:
3449:
3446:
3428:
3420:
3416:
3391:
3386:
3373:
3368:
3359:
3355:
3346:
3332:
3314:
3303:
3288:
3268:
3249:
3230:
3211:
3193:
3181:
3169:
3130:Schmitt 2002
3110:
3098:
3086:
3081:, p. 9.
3074:
3062:
3050:
3028:Gaggero 2016
3023:
3011:
2999:
2987:
2979:
2965:
2959:
2942:
2937:
2927:
2893:
2853:Antiochus IV
2733:(317â260 BC)
2727:(321â317 BC)
2703:(331â323 BC)
2697:(336â331 BC)
2689:
2686:(344â336 BC)
2680:(401â344 BC)
2659:Hidarnes III
2640:(560â535 BC)
2634:(570â560 BC)
2237:(331-ca.317)
1801:Tissaphernes
1779:Teritouchmes
1768:Daughter of
1609:Hydarnes III
1094:
1077:
1032:
949:
911:
857:
854:tomb relief.
786:
780:
757:
748:mentions an
744:
712:
701:
698:
678:
665:
661:
653:
650:Old Armenian
641:
635:
624:
613:
566:, ruled the
563:
559:
555:
553:
234:ArmeâShupria
105:Antiochus IV
86:Current head
81:(historical)
29:
4662:Pomegranate
4316:Agriculture
4289:on politics
4229:LGBT rights
4121:Earthquakes
3822:Hayasa-Azzi
3043:Allsen 2011
3016:Canepa 2015
2842:12 BCâ17 AD
2731:Orontes III
2713:Neoptolemus
2653:Hidarnes II
2357:Orontes III
1456:Hydarnes II
1028:Neoptolemus
833:Intaphrenes
776:Babylonians
752:king named
674:Eruandashat
342:Middle Ages
229:Hayasa-Azzi
168:History of
122:Dissolution
107:(Commagene)
94:Final ruler
76:(legendary)
4819:Categories
4794:Atabekians
4467:Literature
4219:Government
4204:Corruption
4131:Lake Sevan
3985:Qajar Iran
3955:Aq Qoyunlu
2905:References
2812:130â109 BC
2806:163â130 BC
2804:Ptolemaeus
2779:Ptolemaeus
2773:Orontes IV
2767:Abdissares
2755:Arsames II
2751:(doubtful)
2695:Orontes II
2647:Hidarnes I
2107:Orontes II
1302:Hydarnes I
1047:Arsamosata
1016:Macedonian
1008:Darius III
996:Clazomenae
980:Asia Minor
930:Alarodians
759:Cyropaedia
564:Eruandunis
472:Modern age
192:Prehistory
98:Orontes IV
4789:Hethumids
4517:Education
4381:Transport
4266:President
4236:Judiciary
4209:Elections
4136:Mountains
4089:Geography
3950:Chobanids
3945:Ilkhanate
3940:Sallarids
3664:Le MusĂŠon
3626:151524770
3055:Lang 2000
2874:Commagene
2845:Ruled by
2818:109â70 BC
2749:Charaspes
2743:Arsames I
2707:Perdiccas
2701:Mithranes
2665:Artasyrus
2607:Arsames I
2232:Mithrenes
2112:(361â331)
1982:(401â361)
1977:Orontes I
1969:Rhodogune
1841:Artasyrus
1770:Darius II
1461:(480â428)
1152:Bagabigna
1060:Zariadres
1039:Polyaenus
1020:Peucestas
1004:Lampsacus
992:Athenians
964:Commagene
944:Orontes I
888:Phrygians
868:satrapies
825:Nabonidus
788:Geography
729:kingdom.
727:Ervanduni
685:Scythians
588:Commagene
560:Eruandids
518:Etymology
314:Commagene
272:Antiquity
100:(Armenia)
79:Orontes I
4799:Lusignan
4779:Rubenids
4774:Artsruni
4769:Bagratid
4759:Artaxiad
4697:Category
4566:Religion
4537:diaspora
4450:Language
4415:Alphabet
4356:Taxation
4241:Military
4182:Politics
4042:By topic
3920:Arminiya
3842:Urumeans
3780:timeline
3765:articles
3695:(1977).
3673:(1945).
3636:(1963).
3618:27830424
3598:Traditio
3525:(1986).
3384:(1971).
2946:Artaxiad
2863:See also
2849:17â38 AD
2836:20â12 BC
2830:38â20 BC
2824:70â38 BC
2791:Artaxiad
2785:Seleucid
2487:(ca.260)
2087:(ca.334)
2083:Hydarnes
1933:a prince
1825:Stateira
1766:Amestris
1468:Sisamnes
1318:Sisamnes
1056:Artaxias
1018:general
988:Pergamum
968:Darius I
926:Armenian
920:, named
913:Anabasis
872:Armenian
852:Xerxes I
813:Armenian
793:Cambyses
768:Astyages
754:Tigranes
750:Armenian
746:Xenophon
695:Language
687:and the
662:Auruuant
627:Armenian
510:Timeline
159:a series
157:Part of
4764:Arsacid
4754:Orontid
4743:Armenia
4681:Outline
4652:Apricot
4615:Symbols
4605:more...
4594:Judaism
4555:more...
4488:more...
4482:Theatre
4460:Western
4455:Eastern
4435:Cuisine
4403:Culture
4366:Tourism
4304:Economy
4167:more...
4116:Climate
4065:more...
3847:Diauehi
3827:Mitanni
3797:Origins
3773:History
3761:Armenia
3533:(ed.).
3408:8240688
3204:Sources
2719:Eumenes
2678:Orontes
2482:Sames I
1954:(â 328)
1935:(â 404)
1828:(â 400)
1806:(â 396)
1793:(â 410)
1784:(â 410)
1645:Gobryas
1637:Orontes
1614:(â 410)
1091:Dynasty
1000:Phocaea
960:Orontes
922:Orontes
821:Babylon
809:Persian
805:Dâdarťi
797:Smerdis
756:in his
719:Armavir
704:Aramaic
683:by the
670:Armavir
658:á˝ĎĎνĎΡĎ
654:Yervand
646:ÔľÖŐ¸ÖŐĄŐśŐ¤
638:Iranian
616:Iranian
584:Sophene
578:of the
576:satraps
514:Origins
170:Armenia
89:Extinct
70:Founder
58:Founded
40:Country
18:Orontid
4532:People
4527:Health
4507:Census
4430:Cinema
4346:Mining
4341:Energy
4256:Police
4146:Rivers
4111:Cities
4016:Modern
3925:Sajids
3913:Middle
3852:Etiuni
3837:Mushki
3775:
3763:
3624:
3616:
3567:
3541:
3509:
3485:
3439:
3406:
3394:]
3339:
3296:
3275:
3256:
3237:
3218:
2972:
2857:Iotapa
2761:Xerxes
2725:Mihran
1950:Mazeus
1791:Roxane
1477:Otanes
1002:, and
956:Nemrut
896:Sardis
884:Greece
880:Xerxes
817:Arakha
783:Strabo
681:Urartu
666:Arwand
642:Eruand
259:Etiuni
239:Mushki
219:Armani
161:on the
112:Titles
4804:Savoy
4688:Index
4657:Grape
4599:Islam
4549:Women
4512:Crime
4477:Sport
4472:Music
4445:Dance
4151:Lakes
3832:Nairi
3790:Early
3705:Works
3702:[
3700:ÔľÖŐŻŐĽÖ
3697:Erker
3682:[
3622:S2CID
3614:JSTOR
3576:(...)
3529:. In
3400:Nauka
3396:(PDF)
3390:[
3375:B.C.E
2885:Notes
1470:(480)
1307:(521)
976:Mysia
958:, an
934:Lydia
772:Medes
689:Medes
648:) in
244:Urumu
4637:Flag
4439:wine
3817:Hayk
3802:Name
3690:(In
3565:ISBN
3539:ISBN
3507:ISBN
3483:ISBN
3437:ISBN
3404:OCLC
3348:CE).
3337:ISBN
3294:ISBN
3273:ISBN
3254:ISBN
3235:ISBN
3216:ISBN
2970:ISBN
2847:Rome
1830:ep.
774:and
713:The
606:The
586:and
554:The
4741:of
4425:Art
3606:doi
717:at
562:or
4821::
3620:.
3612:.
3602:17
3600:.
3573:.
3547:.
3491:.
3481:.
3479:35
3445:.
3431:.
3372:.
3345:.
3302:.
3214:.
3152:^
3137:^
3122:^
3035:^
2978:.
2941:.
2912:^
1099::
1087:.
998:,
970:.
936:.
870:.
823:,
516:â˘
512:â˘
4731:e
4724:t
4717:v
4441:)
4437:(
3782:)
3778:(
3753:e
3746:t
3739:v
3714:)
3628:.
3608::
3588:.
3515:.
3410:.
3281:.
3262:.
3243:.
3224:.
3132:.
2922:.
1641:?
652:(
644:(
543:e
536:t
529:v
20:)
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