847:
2324:
888:
460:
45:
1620:
557:
726:, and other scholars have suggested Armenian etymologies for a number of Etiunian personal, place, tribal, and religious names. Armenian names and words have been identified in Urartu as well, suggesting the possibility that Armenian speaking tribes could have constituted part of the populations of both lands.
626:
The
Urartians mentioned "the four kings of Uduri-Etiuni." This may have referred to a separate, but perhaps culturally and linguistically connected, confederation from Etiuni, comprising the lands Lueḫi, Kemani, Urteḫini, and Arquqini, stretching along the southern shore of Lake Sevan. The word
1077:
Raffaele
Biscione et al. . "The Armenian-Italian archaeological survey in the Sevan Lake Basin, Campaigns 1994-2000." In: Raffaele Biscione, Simon Hmayakyan Neda Parmegiani (Ed.): The North-Eastern frontier Urartians and non-Urartians in the Sevan Lake basin. Rome: CNR, Istituto di studi sulle
503:
The cuneiform writing system the
Urartians used lacked a symbol to designate an "h" sound, so the Urartians used either a symbol usually meant to convey a laryngeal h (ḫ, χ), or opted to not use any symbol to try to convey this sound. Petrosyan, citing Diakonoff and
700:, Argishti's son, also launched numerous military campaigns in Etiuni in the 740s BCE, battling with local rulers and the king of Etiuni, Diaṣuni. However, whatever became of this confrontation with Diaṣuni is unknown, as the text breaks off.
846:
1155:
654:, Urartu began expanding northward into Etiunian territories, battling the Katarza and Luša tribes, bragging about conquering Liquini and "the mighty land of" Erkuaḫi, and putting Etiuni under tribute as a result.
812:
Other kings of regions of Etiuni were likely rulers of smaller kingdoms or local chieftains. These included: Murinu of
Uelikuni, Murini of Abiliani, Ṣinalbi of Lueḫi, Rashu of Ruishia, and Kapurini of Iga (Iya).
703:
According to the
Assyrians, "the Etinaeans" revolted three times during the reign of Rusa I, Sarduri II's son. These revolts apparently resulted in Urartian military losses and Urartu being "plundered."
1256:
1109:
R.D. Barnett. "Urartu." The
Cambridge Ancient History. eds. Stanley Arthur Cook, Martin Percival Charlesworth, John Bagnell Bury, John Bernard Bury. Cambridge University Press. 1982 edition.
474:
name meaning "land/people of Etio", whereas Mirjo
Salvini preferred to read it as "Etiu". Ethnographer Armen Petrosyan suggested that this name could be a Urartian cuneiform rendering of
838:. Petrosyan speculated that Khoren or his contemporaries may have confused "Etio" for "Ethiopia" (a name they would have been more familiar with through Biblical studies).
560:
Etiuni seems to have largely overlapped geographically with the later
Ayrarat province of the Kingdom of Armenia, although Etiuni encompassed more of Lake Sevan's shoreline
757:
The
Urartians only named one king of Etiuni, Diaṣuni of Iga (or Iya). Petrosyan etymologized Diaṣuni as being an otherwise unattested Armenian name meaning "born of god" (
1213:
1060:
Raffaele
Biscione. "The Roots of the Urartian Kingdom. The Growth of Social Complexity on the Armenian Plateau Between and Ancient Bronze and Early Iron Ages."
443:
kings, who led numerous campaigns into Etiuni territory. It is very likely it was the "Etuna" or "Etina" which contributed to the fall of Urartu, according to
1186:
Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern History and Archaeology Presented to Mirjo Salvini on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday.
1062:
Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern History and Archaeology Presented to Mirjo Salvini on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday
1815:
407:
677:. Argišti conquered Apuni, Luša (castrating its king as a result), and Iga, taking many of the inhabitants of these regions as captives.
600:
as an important temple-city along the Araxes River, has been connected to the wealthy religious center, Azara, which was later placed by
564:
Etiuni was composed of a number of small kingdoms and tribes, included Iga (also known as Igani, Iya, and Aia), on the south shore of
1291:
2269:
1029:
Matiossian, Vartan (2009). "Azzi-Hayasa on the Black Sea? Another Puzzle of Armenian Origins". In Hovannisian, Richard G (ed.).
955:
Towards the Origins of the Armenian People: The Problem of Identification of the Proto-Armenians: A Critical Review (in English)
1800:
1790:
1733:
1650:
1572:
463:
Stamps issued by Armenia, portraying ancient artifacts left by Lchashen-Metsamor culture (Etiuni), found near Lake Sevan
1567:
1139:
548:
The Urartians sometimes used the variation, Etiuḫi, which seems to have referred to the people of Etiuni specifically.
349:
2227:
1304:
834:, Khoren says the historically unattested Armenian king, Zarmayr, led an army of "Ethiopians" to aid Troy during the
2094:
400:
2569:
1509:
1504:
354:
294:
284:
1089:
2133:
1821:
1660:
1423:
436:
154:
1900:
1870:
1706:
319:
89:
79:
2144:
2061:
1828:
1753:
1319:
1284:
670:
375:
277:
523:, meaning "lord, master, husband." According to this theory, the name, with plural suffix, developed from
2262:
2128:
2123:
2027:
1910:
1885:
1785:
1604:
1474:
1346:
821:
Petrosyan theorized that memories of Etiuni may have been passed down by the medieval Armenian historian
393:
264:
169:
64:
24:
1598:
324:
234:
194:
680:
However, the Etiunians seem to have revolted and invaded Urartu during Argishti's reign, stealing the
2113:
1810:
1685:
1680:
1665:
1593:
1562:
855:
830:
344:
219:
337:
2564:
2298:
2118:
2083:
1690:
901:
44:
2338:
2171:
2038:
1865:
1860:
1780:
1763:
1738:
1695:
1371:
1351:
1336:
1277:
1049:Էթիունին հայոց օրրան. Գիտական հոդվածների ժողովածու, նվիրված Գրիգոր Ղափանցյանի ծննդյան 130-ամյակին
906:
737:
tribes present in Etiuni or its vicinity. The names of the Etiunian land Ishkugul (probably near
379:
254:
69:
2255:
2166:
1928:
1855:
1768:
577:
2323:
2313:
1959:
1758:
1743:
1539:
1214:
The ancient population of Lchashen as a representative of the Bronze Age Armenian population.
289:
229:
2366:
2056:
1920:
1805:
1775:
1748:
1675:
1628:
1229:
Ali Çifçi. "Control of Capital in Urartu: Economic Resources and Movement of Commodities."
850:
Ishtikuni was a city in Etiuni, along Lake Sevan. It is located in modern Lchashen, Armenia
661:, ventured further into Etiunian territory than his predecessors, building the fortress of
658:
612:
508:, said that Urartian "e" may correspond with Armenian "a" when used at the start of words.
8:
2105:
2006:
1895:
1890:
1721:
707:
A later Assyrian text mention that Urartu had been "destroyed" by the "people of Etuna."
623:, probably corresponding to the city of Ishtikuni, was located in one of these kingdoms.
584:, could be a native Armenian name for the two peaks of the mountain (compare to Armenian
580:. Petrosyan suggested that Erkuaḫi, another Etiunian region located on the north side of
364:
57:
2361:
2220:
2021:
1942:
1905:
1843:
1655:
1645:
1416:
1312:
978:
647:
244:
174:
159:
144:
33:
1199:
568:, Abiliani and Apuni, probably corresponding to the Armenian Abełean and Havnunik, in
2076:
2066:
2046:
1989:
1969:
1954:
1880:
1795:
1588:
1469:
1438:
1411:
1197:
Pavel Avetisyan and Arsen Bobokhyan. "Archaeology of Armenia in a Regional Context."
1184:
Aylin U. Erdem. "The Relationship between State and Nomads in the Urartian Kingdom."
822:
723:
635:
512:
471:
448:
314:
309:
239:
184:
1154:
Hayk Avetisyan, Pavel Avetisyan, Arsen Bobokhyan, Knarik Navasardyan, Artak Gnuni. "
2447:
2427:
2308:
2236:
2138:
2088:
2051:
2016:
2011:
1999:
1994:
1974:
1534:
1479:
1443:
859:
790:
746:
662:
516:
432:
224:
207:
189:
84:
2559:
2346:
2176:
1546:
1433:
1406:
1341:
1200:
National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography
887:
742:
543:
505:
383:
304:
299:
249:
137:
2442:
2303:
2293:
2161:
1984:
1529:
1016:
770:
716:
259:
149:
2553:
2457:
1978:
1875:
1524:
1519:
1464:
1428:
1257:
Metsamor: the Early Iron Age/Urartian settlement in the Aras Valley, Armenia.
869:
627:"Uduri" probably means "water" (referring to its location along Lake Sevan).
569:
467:
164:
865:
Ishtikuni, near modern Lchashen, is a notable Etiunian archaeological site.
486:), which Diakonov had offered as a reconstructed initial form of the modern
2497:
2186:
2181:
1964:
1700:
1640:
1514:
1499:
998:
719:
people, although he did not explain his reasoning for this classification.
581:
573:
428:
2437:
2482:
2391:
2381:
2201:
1361:
911:
893:
565:
519:, proposed that "Hatio" might ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European
459:
94:
619:
and Kekuni was on the lake's northern shore. The archaeological site of
2472:
2406:
2371:
1670:
1494:
982:
835:
697:
616:
2523:
2452:
2432:
2356:
2071:
1489:
1484:
734:
729:
In addition to Armenian speaking populations, there were also likely
487:
179:
1168:
1119:
1048:
2538:
2518:
2462:
2401:
1459:
1381:
1269:
954:
797:
783:
730:
620:
605:
572:, and the Luša, Katarza, Uiṭeruḫi (Witeruḫi), and Gulutaḫi, of the
424:
214:
109:
2533:
2528:
2513:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2411:
2396:
2386:
2351:
2191:
1619:
1386:
1366:
1300:
873:
749:) are suggestive of the presence of Scythians and/or Cimmerians.
691:
674:
669:) on newly conquered land, and bringing to it 6600 warriors from
666:
631:
444:
359:
99:
2247:
2492:
2376:
2327:
2278:
1396:
1376:
1020:(revised, trans. Lori Jennings). Caravan Books, New York (1984)
738:
601:
597:
440:
119:
104:
2196:
1401:
876:, was an important metal-working center during the Iron Age.
777:
651:
114:
1140:
Origins and historical development of the Armenian language.
1064:. eds. Pavel S. Avetisyan, Roberto Dan, Yervand H. Grekyan.
715:
Igor Diakonov considered it possible that the Etiuni were a
1356:
74:
1090:
Institute for Armenian Studies of Yerevan State University
1031:
Armenian Pontus : the Trebizond-Black Sea communities
556:
423:(other names Etiuḫi, Etiu, Etio) was the name of an early
858:. Lchashen-Metsamor culture ultimately descends from the
684:(perhaps an idol of a god; compare this word to Armenian
1078:
civiltà dell'Egeo e del Vicino Oriente, 2002, pp. 10-16.
1051:. Երևան 2018, էջ 299-330։. Etiuni – cradle of Armenians.
999:
Sargis Petrosyan. "Light Worship in Etiuni Lands." 2019
634:
to the west, Urartu and possibly the separate lands of
1169:
The Haykazunis and the Kingdom of Van (Ararat-Urartu).
741:) and its prince, Saga-tur or Sagaputara (perhaps the
970:
H. W. F. Saggs. "The Nimrud Letters, 1952: Part IV."
576:. Another region of Etiuni was Liquini, located near
1156:
Notes on Urartian Era Pottery Traditions in Armenia.
883:
439:. Etiuni was frequently mentioned in the records of
1033:. UCLA Armenian History and Culture Series. p. 71.
685:
638:to the south and Kulḫi to the north or northwest.
2551:
615:and Tiluḫu were located on the western shore of
977:. Vol. 20, No. 2 (Autumn, 1958), pp. 182-212.
804:
764:
758:
588:
495:
2263:
1285:
401:
2330:(Ararat) at its greatest expanse, ca. 743 BC
1246:. University of Chicago Press. 2001. p. 22.
959:Journal for the Society of Armenian Studies
2270:
2256:
1292:
1278:
1120:Indo-European *wel- in Armenian mythology.
710:
431:, roughly corresponding to the subsequent
427:tribal confederation in northern parts of
408:
394:
722:More recently, Armen Petrosyan, linguist
690:'god') of the Urartian religious center,
511:Petrosyan, citing 19th-century linguists
2322:
1150:
1148:
1134:
1132:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
972:British Institute for the Study of Iraq.
949:
947:
845:
555:
458:
1255:Krzysztof Jakubiak and Kinga Bigoraj. "
1010:
1008:
1006:
994:
992:
990:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
854:Archaeologists connect Etiuni with the
641:
551:
447:texts. Some scholars believe it had an
2552:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1017:The Pre-History of the Armenian People
630:Etiuni seems to have been bordered by
454:
2251:
1273:
1145:
1129:
1096:
1299:
1003:
987:
924:
816:
1036:
13:
1816:President of the National Assembly
43:
14:
2581:
2277:
1124:Journal of Indo-European studies.
16:Iron Age confederation in Armenia
1618:
886:
1249:
1236:
1223:
1206:
1191:
1178:
1161:
1112:
355:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
1081:
1071:
1054:
1023:
964:
841:
596:The city of Aza, mentioned by
1:
1087:A. Mosvsisyan. "Argishti I."
917:
478:(sometimes transliterated as
686:
7:
2129:Armenian Brotherhood Church
2124:Armenian Evangelical Church
1475:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
1244:Armenia: A Historical Atlas
1218:Moscow University Bulletin.
879:
170:Christianization of Armenia
10:
2586:
1599:Armenian national movement
778:
541:
235:Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
195:Muslim conquest of Armenia
2506:
2420:
2337:
2320:
2286:
2214:
2154:
2114:Armenian Apostolic Church
2104:
2037:
1950:
1941:
1919:
1851:
1842:
1791:National Security Service
1729:
1720:
1636:
1627:
1616:
1594:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
1581:
1563:First Republic of Armenia
1555:
1510:1508–1828 Iranian Armenia
1452:
1329:
1311:
953:Armen Petrosyan (2007). "
860:Trialeti-Vanadzor culture
856:Lchashen-Metsamor culture
805:
765:
759:
752:
646:During the co-regency of
589:
496:
345:First Republic of Armenia
220:Principality of Hamamshen
90:Lchashen–Metsamor culture
80:Trialeti–Vanadzor culture
2299:Hurro-Urartian languages
2119:Armenian Catholic Church
1734:Administrative divisions
902:Origins of the Armenians
470:wrote that Etiuni was a
1696:Shikahogh State Reserve
1347:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
1173:Fundamental Armenology.
1126:2016, 1-2, pp. 129-146"
907:Proto-Armenian language
711:Ethno-linguistic makeup
255:Principality of Khachen
120:Urartu (Kingdom of Van)
65:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
48:Coat of Arms of Armenia
2570:Archaeology of Armenia
2331:
2167:Armenian eternity sign
1929:South Caucasus Railway
851:
611:The Etiunian lands of
561:
464:
451:-speaking population.
49:
2421:Cities and Fortresses
2326:
2314:Anatolian Hieroglyphs
1540:Treaty of Turkmenchay
849:
559:
542:Further information:
462:
230:Kingdom of Vaspurakan
47:
1861:AMX (stock exchange)
1138:Hrach Martirosyan. "
642:Relation with Urartu
552:Location and regions
360:Contemporary Armenia
1871:Central Depository
1573:Independent Armenia
1352:Kura–Araxes culture
1188:Archaeopress. 2019.
769:), comparing it to
613:Uelikuni (Welikuni)
455:Names and etymology
365:Republic of Artsakh
115:Nairi Confederation
70:Kura–Araxes culture
2332:
1901:Telecommunications
1822:more on government
1646:Armenian highlands
1424:Kingdom of Armenia
1417:Satrapy of Armenia
1167:Sargis Ayvazyan. "
1118:Armen Petrosyan. "
852:
831:History of Armenia
562:
465:
437:Kingdom of Armenia
265:Kingdom of Cilicia
245:Kingdom of Artsakh
225:Kingdom of Armenia
215:Emirate of Armenia
175:Kingdom of Sophene
155:Kingdom of Armenia
145:Satrapy of Armenia
50:
2547:
2546:
2245:
2244:
2210:
2209:
2062:Ethnic minorities
1937:
1936:
1838:
1837:
1801:Political parties
1786:National Assembly
1754:Foreign relations
1716:
1715:
1614:
1613:
1589:Armenian genocide
1470:Bagratuni Armenia
1439:Byzantine Armenia
1412:Achaemenid Empire
1397:Kingdom of Urartu
1212:Ruzan Mrtchyan. "
1047:Armen Petrosyan.
1014:I. M. Diakonoff.
823:Movses Khorenatsi
817:In historiography
724:Hrach Martirosyan
513:Friedrich Spiegel
418:
417:
325:National movement
315:Armenian genocide
310:Armenian question
240:Kingdom of Syunik
185:Byzantine Armenia
2577:
2309:Cuneiform script
2272:
2265:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2230:
2223:
1948:
1947:
1911:Waste management
1849:
1848:
1727:
1726:
1634:
1633:
1622:
1535:Karabakh Khanate
1444:Sasanian Armenia
1327:
1326:
1323:
1294:
1287:
1280:
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1270:
1264:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1227:
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1195:
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1127:
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996:
985:
968:
962:
951:
896:
891:
890:
808:
807:
781:
780:
768:
767:
762:
761:
747:Moses of Khorene
689:
592:
591:
517:Heinrich Kiepert
499:
498:
433:Ayrarat Province
410:
403:
396:
278:Early modern age
190:Sasanian Armenia
37:
19:
18:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2565:Ancient Armenia
2550:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2502:
2416:
2333:
2318:
2282:
2276:
2246:
2241:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2206:
2187:National anthem
2150:
2100:
2033:
1933:
1915:
1876:Dram (currency)
1834:
1712:
1623:
1610:
1577:
1551:
1547:Russian Armenia
1505:Ottoman Armenia
1448:
1434:Parthian Empire
1407:Orontid dynasty
1317:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1268:
1267:
1254:
1250:
1242:Robert Hewsen.
1241:
1237:
1228:
1224:
1220:Issue 23. 2014.
1211:
1207:
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1024:
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1004:
997:
988:
969:
965:
952:
925:
920:
892:
885:
882:
844:
819:
755:
713:
644:
554:
546:
544:Name of Armenia
506:Gevorg Jahukyan
457:
414:
370:
369:
350:Armenian S.S.R.
340:
330:
329:
320:Western Armenia
305:Armenian Oblast
300:Russian Armenia
295:Ottoman Armenia
285:Iranian Armenia
280:
270:
269:
250:Zakarid Armenia
210:
200:
199:
160:Armenian Empire
140:
130:
129:
60:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2583:
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2428:Argistinikhili
2424:
2422:
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2414:
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2399:
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2341:
2335:
2334:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2304:Kelashin Stele
2301:
2296:
2294:Proto-Armenian
2290:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
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2224:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2162:Armenian Cross
2158:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1987:
1982:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1891:Pension reform
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1811:Prime Minister
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
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1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1681:Municipalities
1678:
1673:
1668:
1666:Extreme points
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1568:Soviet Armenia
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1530:Erivan Khanate
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1404:
1402:Median kingdom
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1324:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1248:
1235:
1222:
1205:
1203:. 2009. p. 18.
1190:
1177:
1160:
1144:
1128:
1111:
1095:
1080:
1070:
1053:
1035:
1022:
1002:
986:
963:
922:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
909:
904:
898:
897:
881:
878:
872:, near modern
843:
840:
818:
815:
754:
751:
717:Hurro-Urartian
712:
709:
643:
640:
553:
550:
456:
453:
416:
415:
413:
412:
405:
398:
390:
387:
386:
372:
371:
368:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
341:
336:
335:
332:
331:
328:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
290:Five Melikdoms
287:
281:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
262:
260:Mongol Armenia
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
211:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
141:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
75:Legend of Hayk
72:
67:
61:
56:
55:
52:
51:
40:
39:
30:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2582:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2494:
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2479:
2476:
2474:
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2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
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2446:
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2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Social issues
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Afsharid Iran
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Roman Armenia
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1245:
1239:
1232:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1000:
995:
993:
991:
984:
980:
976:
973:
967:
960:
956:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
923:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
895:
889:
884:
877:
875:
871:
870:Metsamor site
866:
863:
861:
857:
848:
839:
837:
833:
832:
826:
824:
814:
810:
802:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
775:
772:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
720:
718:
708:
705:
701:
699:
695:
693:
688:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:Menua's son,
655:
653:
650:and his son,
649:
639:
637:
633:
628:
624:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
594:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
558:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
501:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:Igor Diakonov
461:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
411:
406:
404:
399:
397:
392:
391:
389:
388:
385:
381:
377:
374:
373:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
339:
334:
333:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
279:
274:
273:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
209:
204:
203:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
165:Roman Armenia
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
150:Armenia Minor
148:
146:
143:
142:
139:
134:
133:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
59:
54:
53:
46:
42:
41:
38:
32:
31:
26:
21:
20:
2182:Mount Ararat
2172:Coat of arms
2143:
2093:
2039:Demographics
2026:
1960:Architecture
1866:Central Bank
1827:
1820:
1764:Human rights
1739:Constitution
1705:
1701:Shirak Plain
1641:Ararat Plain
1603:
1515:Safavid Iran
1500:Kara Koyunlu
1391:
1260:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1230:
1225:
1217:
1208:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1175:No. 2. 2015.
1172:
1163:
1142:" pp. 8, 18.
1123:
1114:
1088:
1083:
1073:
1066:Archaeopress
1065:
1061:
1056:
1030:
1025:
1015:
974:
971:
966:
958:
867:
864:
853:
829:
827:
820:
811:
800:
793:
786:
773:
756:
728:
721:
714:
706:
702:
696:
681:
679:
665:(located in
656:
645:
629:
625:
610:
595:
585:
582:Mount Ararat
574:Ararat plain
563:
547:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
510:
502:
491:
483:
479:
475:
466:
429:Araxes River
420:
419:
124:
100:Arme–Shupria
2483:Teishebaini
2392:Sarduri III
2382:Argishti II
2202:Pomegranate
1856:Agriculture
1829:on politics
1769:LGBT rights
1661:Earthquakes
1362:Hayasa-Azzi
1263:. 94. 2020.
912:Hayasa-Azzi
894:Asia portal
842:Archaeology
570:Kars region
566:Lake Cildir
208:Middle Ages
95:Hayasa-Azzi
34:History of
2554:Categories
2473:Rusahinili
2407:Sarduri IV
2372:Sarduri II
2367:Argishti I
2007:Literature
1759:Government
1744:Corruption
1671:Lake Sevan
1525:Qajar Iran
1495:Aq Qoyunlu
918:References
836:Trojan War
698:Sarduri II
617:Lake Sevan
338:Modern age
58:Prehistory
2507:Mythology
2453:Haykaberd
2438:Altıntepe
2433:Arzashkun
2357:Sarduri I
2057:Education
1921:Transport
1806:President
1776:Judiciary
1749:Elections
1676:Mountains
1629:Geography
1490:Chobanids
1485:Ilkhanate
1480:Sallarids
1261:Antiquity
794:Divogenos
735:Cimmerian
490:endonym,
384:Etymology
180:Commagene
138:Antiquity
2539:Theispas
2519:Bagvarti
2463:Kelashin
2402:Rusa III
2362:Ishpuini
2287:Language
2237:Category
2106:Religion
2077:diaspora
1990:Language
1955:Alphabet
1896:Taxation
1781:Military
1722:Politics
1582:By topic
1460:Arminiya
1382:Urumeans
1320:timeline
1305:articles
880:See also
798:Sanskrit
787:Diazenus
784:Thracian
779:Διογένης
774:Diogenes
743:Skayordi
731:Scythian
659:Argishti
648:Ishpuini
621:Lchashen
606:Artashat
593:'two').
488:Armenian
472:Urartian
449:Armenian
445:Assyrian
441:Urartian
425:Iron Age
376:Timeline
25:a series
23:Part of
2529:Selardi
2514:Artinis
2488:Teyseba
2478:Sugunia
2468:Musasir
2448:Erebuni
2412:Rusa IV
2397:Erimena
2387:Rusa II
2352:Lutipri
2221:Outline
2192:Apricot
2155:Symbols
2145:more...
2134:Judaism
2095:more...
2028:more...
2022:Theatre
2000:Western
1995:Eastern
1975:Cuisine
1943:Culture
1906:Tourism
1844:Economy
1707:more...
1656:Climate
1605:more...
1387:Diauehi
1367:Mitanni
1337:Origins
1313:History
1301:Armenia
1233:. 2017.
1158:" 2019.
1068:. 2019.
983:4199640
874:Taronik
828:In the
733:and/or
692:Musasir
687:astuats
682:aštiuzi
675:Shupria
667:Yerevan
663:Erebuni
632:Diaeuḫi
578:Armavir
533:*hatiyo
529:*hetiyo
525:*potiio
480:Hattiyo
435:of the
380:Origins
36:Armenia
2560:Urartu
2534:Siwini
2524:Khaldi
2493:Tushpa
2443:Bastam
2377:Rusa I
2328:Urartu
2281:topics
2279:Urartu
2072:People
2067:Health
2047:Census
1970:Cinema
1886:Mining
1881:Energy
1796:Police
1686:Rivers
1651:Cities
1556:Modern
1465:Sajids
1453:Middle
1392:Etiuni
1377:Mushki
1315:
1303:
981:
801:Devaja
796:, and
791:Celtic
753:Rulers
739:Gyumri
602:Strabo
484:Hatiyo
421:Etiuni
125:Etiuni
105:Mushki
85:Armani
27:on the
2458:Horom
2347:Aramu
2339:Kings
2228:Index
2197:Grape
2139:Islam
2089:Women
2052:Crime
2017:Sport
2012:Music
1985:Dance
1691:Lakes
1372:Nairi
1330:Early
1231:Brill
979:JSTOR
806:देवजा
771:Greek
766:ծնուն
671:Hatti
652:Menua
636:Biani
604:near
590:երկու
521:*poti
476:Hatio
110:Urumu
2177:Flag
1979:wine
1357:Hayk
1342:Name
975:Iraq
868:The
673:and
598:Rusa
586:erku
515:and
2498:Van
1965:Art
957:".
809:).
782:),
760:տիւ
745:of
537:hay
500:).
497:հայ
492:Hay
482:or
2556::
1259:"
1216:"
1171:"
1147:^
1131:^
1122:"
1098:^
1038:^
1005:^
989:^
926:^
862:.
825:.
789:,
763:+
694:.
608:.
382:•
378:•
2271:e
2264:t
2257:v
1981:)
1977:(
1322:)
1318:(
1293:e
1286:t
1279:v
1093:.
961:.
803:(
776:(
539:.
535:→
531:→
527:→
494:(
409:e
402:t
395:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
