587:
763:
agreeable scene than any city in the East. Persons from all parts of the globe exchanged their commodities and transacted their business with an air of politeness and attention, which are seldom seen in other places of trade. The streets were covered with mats and in some places with carpet, and the linen awnings which were suspended from the tops of the houses, prevented any inconvenience from the heat of the sun. India cabinets ornamented with gilded vases, or china filled with flowering shrubs or aromatic plants adorned their apartments. Camels laden with water were stationed in the public squares. Persian wines, perfumes, and all the delicacies of the table were furnished in great abundance, and they had the music of the East in its highest perfection ... In short, universal opulence, an extensive commerce, politeness in the men and gallantry in the women, united all their attractions to make this city the seat of pleasure.
692:
1681:
610:
50:
64:
406:
541:
1374:
984:# 127 The Travels of Marco Polo the Venetian, J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd; E.P. Dutton & Co, London and Toronto; New York, 1926 ~ p. 63. Although Marco Polo refers to the island on which was the city of Hormoz, Collis states that at that time Hormoz was on the mainland. #85 Collis, Maurice. Marco Polo. London, Faber and Faber Limited, 1959~ p. 24.
532:. It included, for instance, observations suggesting that Hormuz society had a high standard of living, writing that "the lower classes are wealthy", and on local dressing habits such as the long robes worn by both men and women, the veils that women wore over their head and face when going out, and the jewels worn by the well-to-do.
402:
coast in order to control both sides of the entrance to the
Persian Gulf. Later, in 1300, the Hurmuzî merchants cast off Persian overlordship, and reorganized their entrepot on the island also called Hurmuz and there amassed legendary wealth. The relationship between the Nabâhina and the Hurmuzîs is obscure".
762:
Abbe
Guillaume Thomas François Raynal is quoted as giving the following account of Hormoz: Hormoz became the capital of an empire which comprehended a considerable part of Arabia on one side, and Persia on the other. At the time of the arrival of the foreign merchants, it afforded a more splendid and
401:
attracted trade to the Red Sea route and away from the
Persian Gulf. These shifts in power marked the end of the Gulf's heyday, but the island ports of Qays and then the mainland port of Hormoz (at first tributary to Persia) became renowned entrepôts. The Hurmuzî rulers developed Qalhat on the Omani
757:
for its confusion of tongues, and for its moral abominations to match the cities of the Plain. A lawful marriage was a rare exception. Foreigners, soldiers and merchants, threw off all restraint in the indulgence of their passions ... Avarice was made a science: it was studied and practiced, not for
480:
Hormuz enjoyed a long period of autonomy under the suzerainty of kings of Iran from the foundation of the kingdom in the 11th century to the coming of the
Portuguese. It was ruled by the children of Muhammad Diramku (Deramkub "Dirham minter") who founded the kingdom as a dependency of the Kingdom of
390:
from Oman to the
Iranian coast in the 11th century and lasted until the transfer of the capital to Hormuz island as the turn of the 14th century. Notable events of this period include power struggles between the numerous emirs of Hormuz and the surrounding region and the sustaining of the economic
752:
Its moral state was enormously and infamously bad. It was the home of the foulest sensuality, and of all the most corrupted forms of every religion in the East. The
Christians were as bad as the rest in the extreme license of their lives. There were few priests, but they were a disgrace to their
617:
The kings of Hormuz under
Portuguese rule were reduced to vassals of the Portuguese empire in India, mostly controlled from Goa. The archive of correspondence between the kings and local rulers of Hormuz, and some of its governors and people, and the kings of Portugal, contain the details of the
708:, Ormus was a "by-word for wealth and luxury", perhaps best captured in the Arab saying: "If all the world were a golden ring, Ormus would be the jewel in it". The city was also known for its licentiousness according to accounts by Portuguese visitors;
429:, the old city of Hormuz, also known as Nabands and Dewankhana, was abandoned by its inhabitants. Instead, in 1301, the inhabitants, led by the king Baha ud-Din Ayaz and his wife Bibi Maryam, moved to the neighbouring island of Jerun.
801:
as "the driest kingdom in the world, where there are no trees and no crop but salt. Stand at its centre, and you look over thirty miles in all directions of ashy plain: beyond which lies the seashore, encrusted with pearls."
334:
The island was a major economic base of economic exchanges and marine trade as an important port between the
Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean. This port was originally located on the southern coast of Iran to the east of the
437:
The start of the reign of Emir Rukn al-Din Mahmud
Qalhati (r. 1249–1286) saw the beginning of a new period in the history of Ormus. This period was generally characterised as seeing Ormus cutting dependence ties with
781:(Book II, lines 1–5) where Satan's throne "Outshone the wealth of Ormus and of Ind", which Douglas Brooks states is Milton linking Ormus to the "sublime but perverse orient". It is also mentioned in
522:, writing for example about the people that "the limbs and faces of the people are refined and fair and they are stalwart and fine-looking; their clothing and hats are handsome, distinctive and elegant."
394:
Historian
Patricia Risso writes "In the 11th century, Seljuq Persia developed at the expense of what was left of Buwayhid Mesopotamia and the Seljuqs controlled Omani ports from about 1065 to 1140.
732:
in great honour. They indulge themselves greatly, so much so that they keep among them youths for the purpose of abominable wickedness. They are musicians, and have instruments of diverse kinds.
606:
by rebels, and Portuguese rule came to an end in 1602 after the Ormusi governor, who was a relative of the Ormusi king, started executing members of Bahrain's leading families.
501:
and well known in Europe as a commercial hub. Its success in fact led to its fame, prompting the Portuguese to launch attacks on it and conquer it in the early 16th century.
758:
gain, but for its own sake, and for the pleasure of cheating. Evil had become good, and it was thought good trade to break promises and think nothing of engagements ...
473:. Mir Bahrudin then visited the island of Jerun and obtained it from Neyn (Na'im), King of Keys (Kish), to whom all the islands in the area belonged. After undertaking the
653:
469:
and from there to that of Hormoz. The wealth of Hormoz attracted raids so often that the inhabitants sought refuge off the mainland and initially moved to the island of
255:
619:
586:
1422:
378:, the Greek word for 'cove, bay'. The name of the actual urban settlement that acted as the capital of the Old Hormoz Kingdom was also given as Naband.
387:
3575:
3565:
580:
1680:
789:, it appears in the couplet: "Some reconcilement of remotest mind– / Leaves Ormus rubyless, and Ophir chill." The closet drama Alaham by
728:, are tall and well-looking, and a fine and up-standing folk, both men and women; they are stout and comfortable. They hold the creed of
622:
trying to gain separate favour with the Portuguese in order to guarantee their own power. This reflects in the gradual independence of
1974:
1391:
Vosoughi, Mohammad Bagher. "the Kings of Hormuz: from the Beginning until the Arrival of the Portuguese." in Lawrence G. Potter (ed.)
3611:
1415:
2070:
2020:
3560:
3446:
504:
In the early 15th century, Hormuz was one the kingdoms that was visited by the Chinese expeditionary fleet commanded by Admiral
1279:
and completed about the year 1518 AD, 1812 translation by the Royal Academy of Sciences Lisbon, Asian Educational Services 2005
3456:
3356:
1009:
753:
name. The Arabs and the Persians had introduced and made common the most detestable forms of vice. Ormuz was said to be a
3606:
2623:
1408:
63:
3550:
1076:
3596:
3136:
1333:
575:
had refused to pay the tribute Ormus demanded, prompting the invasion under the command of the Portuguese conqueror,
785:'s poem 'Bermudas', where pomegranates are described as "jewels more rich than Ormus shows." In Hart Crane's sonnet
3601:
3555:
3466:
579:. In the fighting for Bahrain, most of the combat was carried out by Portuguese troops, while the Ormusi admiral,
3545:
413:
The original city of Hormoz was situated on the mainland in the province of Mogostan (Mughistan) near modern-day
214:
114:
3415:
493:. In the medieval period, the kingdom was well known as an international emporium controlling both sides of the
811:
3369:
3330:
618:
kingdom's disintegration and the independence of its various parts. They show the attempts by rulers such as
602:
population which suffered religious disadvantages, prompting rebellion. In one case, the Ormusi governor was
571:
rule of the Persian Gulf archipelago. The Jabrid ruler was nominally a vassal of Ormus, but the Jabrid King,
324:
307:
in the west at its zenith. The Kingdom was established in the 11th century initially as a dependency of the
3343:
3317:
1273:
The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants
576:
3616:
695:
Portuguese household in Hormuz. Houses were purposely flooded because of the heat. Depicted in the
921:
691:
637:
553:
439:
308:
1375:
Asnad-e Farsi o Arabi o Torki dar Arshiv-e Melli-ye Porteghal Darbarey-e Hormuz o Khaleej-e Fars
3425:
2870:
2516:
1323:
3224:
1843:
1800:
1730:
1292:
737:
549:
509:
960:
Risso, Patricia, Oman And Muscat: an Early Modern History, Croom Helm, London, 1986 ~ p. 10.
696:
2994:
2529:
1741:
563:
of the Portuguese state, the Kingdom of Ormus jointly participated in the 1521 invasion of
516:, an interpreter serving in the crew, described Hormuz society in a positive light in the
8:
3392:
3014:
626:, previously a dependency of Hormuz, and its rise one of the successor states to Hormuz.
461:"It was during the reign of Mir Bahrudin Ayaz Seyfin, fifteenth king of Hormoz, that the
292:
84:
386:
The earliest period of the history of the kings of Hormuz starts with the emigration of
2925:
1506:
1116:
741:
640:
in 1622 with the help of the English, and expelled the Portuguese from the rest of the
477:
pilgrimage, Mir Bahrudin became widely known as Haji Bahrudin in the lands of Hormuz."
664:
vassal but had been effectively independent since 1612. They never returned to Ormus.
49:
2811:
2094:
2087:
2041:
1916:
1810:
1552:
1493:
1431:
1329:
1288:
1072:
745:
634:
370:. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the name derives from Hur-Muz 'Place of
3570:
3060:
3036:
3004:
2456:
2051:
1108:
1064:
1039:
629:
After the Portuguese made several abortive attempts to seize control of Basra, the
572:
528:
426:
336:
284:
149:
1192:
Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society
712:, one of the first Portuguese to travel to Ormuz in the early 16th century found:
3382:
3304:
2658:
1640:
1396:
1013:
826:
518:
455:
594:
The Portuguese ruled Bahrain through a series of Ormusi governors. However, the
2935:
2774:
2217:
2177:
1873:
1601:
1480:
1276:
793:
is set in Ormus. The kingdom of Ormus, referred to as 'Ormuz', is described in
790:
782:
709:
661:
364:
360:
348:
328:
248:
3590:
2784:
2740:
2371:
2258:
1539:
816:
794:
777:
609:
447:
344:
129:
116:
3135:
1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent
1112:
2961:
2321:
2141:
1853:
1260:
705:
672:
649:
645:
641:
494:
371:
343:, and was later relocated to the island of Jarun which came to be known as
320:
300:
105:
80:
3247:
2727:
2704:
2691:
2437:
2301:
2207:
772:
603:
498:
163:
20:
1753:
1224:
1205:
1120:
675:, but was subsequently recaptured by Persians. Today, it is part of the
405:
3515:
3489:
3091:
3041:
2381:
2341:
1964:
1896:
1099:
Kauz, Ralph; Ptak, Roderich (2001). "Hormuz in Yuan and Ming sources".
443:
367:
312:
1764:
540:
2750:
2560:
1614:
1588:
1516:
821:
798:
680:
512:
and was the final destination of the fleet during the fourth voyage.
490:
422:
418:
316:
1400:
3237:
2984:
2847:
2824:
2801:
2648:
2612:
2232:
1863:
1627:
1069:
Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433
729:
725:
717:
505:
451:
173:
3502:
845:
Charles Belgrave, The Pirate Coast, G. Bell & Sons, 1966 p.122
3185:
3114:
3071:
2948:
2681:
2575:
2278:
2227:
2007:
1938:
1886:
1833:
1529:
1245:
Tide of Empires: Decisive Naval Campaigns in the Rise of the West
754:
630:
564:
560:
523:
513:
462:
395:
304:
3199:
2974:
2668:
2501:
2480:
2331:
2236:
2197:
2187:
1985:
1927:
1787:
1720:
1653:
1575:
623:
568:
486:
466:
153:
2114:
1206:"Asnad-e Farsi o Arabi o Torki dar Arshiv-e Melli-e Porteghal"
3081:
2717:
2638:
2588:
2467:
2361:
2351:
2268:
2248:
2154:
2080:
1906:
1774:
1470:
721:
657:
595:
482:
470:
414:
398:
340:
2311:
1388:. ed. Mir-Hashem Mohadess. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1363 (1984).
1359:
Aubin, Jean. “Les Princes d’Ormuz du XIIIe au XVe siècle.”
676:
668:
599:
474:
180:
3139:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.
1159:
Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 pp39
660:
of Basra) against the Persians. Afrasiyab was formerly an
2542:
1297:
The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier 1506–1556
535:
1299:, Asian Educational Services 1997 Edition p 104–105
526:, another crew member, made an account of Hormuz in the
1168:
Charles Belgrave, Personal Column, Hutchinson, 1960 p98
374:'. Yet another possibility is that it comes from ὅρμος
19:"Ormuz" redirects here. For the Zoroastrian deity, see
893:
327:. Most of its territory was eventually annexed by the
1308:# 252 Stiffe, A. W., "The Island of Hormoz (Ormuz)",
1239:
1237:
3156:
1370:. ed. Parvin Estakhri. Tehran: Asateer, 1383 (2004).
998:. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. p. 92.
994:
Potter, Lawrence; Vosoughi, Mohammad Bagher (2010).
866:. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. p. 89.
862:
Potter, Lawrence; Vosoughi, Mohammad Bagher (2010).
485:kingdom, reaching its apogee under the rule of the
450:) and instead projecting power to the direction of
1234:
16:Kingdom in the Persian Gulf (11th century – 1622)
3588:
3576:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia
3566:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago
3277:
1312:, London, 1874 (Apr.), vol. 1 pp. 12–17 ~ p. 14
667:In the mid-17th century it was captured by the
1101:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient
993:
861:
359:Popular etymology derives "Hormuz", being the
311:, and later as an autonomous tributary of the
1416:
1328:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 188–.
1071:. New York: Pearson Longman. pp. 77–78.
1222:
1203:
945:
915:
913:
911:
686:
68:Area of control of Ormus in the 15th century
347:, which is located near the modern city of
1423:
1409:
1033:
1031:
766:
704:Situated between the Persian Gulf and the
62:
2898:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
919:
908:
748:, who visited Ormus on his way to Japan:
299:) was located in the eastern side of the
1098:
920:Rezakhani, Khodadad (27 February 2020).
891:
876:
716:The merchants of this isle and city are
690:
608:
585:
539:
404:
3561:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
1194:University Of Chicago Press, 1984 p. 69
1137:, Cambridge University Press, 1997, 288
1028:
740:'s account of Ormus in his life of the
598:Ormusi were not popular with Bahrain's
3589:
1693:
1321:
1315:
1135:The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama
1085:
1063:
946:Shabankareyi, Muhammad b. Ali (1363).
536:Decline during the Portuguese conquest
3276:
3155:
2897:
2408:
2113:
1692:
1442:
1430:
1404:
1150:, Oxford University Press, 1829, p459
1148:Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia
1010:"Nothing found for Hormuz Essays 3 3"
771:Ormus is mentioned in a passage from
552:landed on the island, the Portuguese
3286:
3165:
2907:
2418:
2123:
2083:) and small temporary coastal bases.
1702:
1452:
1363:, vol. CCXLI, 1953, pp. 77–137.
969:
857:
855:
853:
851:
497:and much of the coastal area of the
1395:New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2009.
1263:for 'mouth', often connotes speech.
652:in the following year as allies of
319:. In its last phase Ormus became a
288:
13:
3551:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
1225:"Asnad-e Farsi o Arabi o Torki..."
950:. Tehran: Amir Kabir. p. 215.
548:In September 1507, the Portuguese
14:
3628:
1975:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin
1322:Brooks, Douglas (31 March 2008).
1037:
848:
648:. The Portuguese returned to the
544:The Portuguese fortress of Hormuz
481:Kerman after the collapse of the
3556:Portuguese colonial architecture
3157:North America and North Atlantic
2021:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
1679:
1443:
253:
48:
3612:Portuguese colonisation in Asia
3546:Armorial of Portuguese colonies
1353:
1302:
1282:
1266:
1250:
1216:
1197:
1184:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1140:
1127:
1057:
1002:
987:
2409:
1384:Shabankareyi, Muhammad b Ali.
1368:Montakhab ut-Tawarikh-e Mo'ini
978:
963:
954:
939:
885:
870:
839:
812:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
1:
2576:Portuguese Paliacate outpost
1181:, G. Bell & Sons, 1966 p6
832:
736:This theme is also strong in
432:
381:
325:Portuguese Empire in the East
3318:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil
3111: • 1938–1941
3088: • 1890–1999
3078: • 1851–1999
3068: • 1864–1999
2968: • 1578–1650
2955: • 1576–1605
2942: • 1522–1575
2867: • 1779–1954
2844: • 1687–1749
2781: • 1598–1610
2771: • 1579–1632
2747: • 1568–1659
2737: • 1559–1961
2724: • 1548–1658
2714: • 1540–1612
2701: • 1536–1662
2688: • 1535–1739
2665: • 1534–1661
2655: • 1534–1601
2645: • 1531–1571
2635: • 1531–1571
2619: • 1528–1666
2609: • 1523–1662
2585: • 1521–1740
2572: • 1518–1619
2539: • 1510–1961
2526: • 1507–1657
2513: • 1502–1661
2491: • 1502–1658
2477: • 1501–1663
2464: • 1500–1663
1393:The Persian Gulf in History,
892:Ebrahimi, Qorbanali (1384).
354:
7:
3278:South America and Caribbean
1040:"Hormuz ii. Islamic Period"
996:The Persian Gulf in History
864:The Persian Gulf in History
805:
10:
3633:
3607:Former Portuguese colonies
3426:Nova Colónia do Sacramento
2505:(Coulão / Kollam)
1576:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué
613:Portuguese Castle (Hormuz)
339:, near the modern city of
18:
3541:
3283:
3272:
3162:
3151:
2904:
2893:
2627:(Porto Grande De Bengala)
2415:
2404:
2120:
2109:
1699:
1688:
1677:
1449:
1438:
1373:Qa'em Maqami, Jahangir. "
687:Accounts of Ormus society
228:
224:
211:
201:
197:
189:
179:
169:
159:
145:
98:
73:
61:
45:
40:
30:
3597:Medieval history of Iran
1223:Qa'em Maqami, Jahangir.
1204:Qa'em Maqami, Jahangir.
877:Shabankareyi, Muhammad.
644:, with the exception of
3602:History of Safavid Iran
3457:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro
3376: • 1621–1815
3363: • 1578–1607
3350: • 1572–1578
3337: • 1572–1578
3324: • 1549–1572
3311: • 1534–1549
2678: • 1535
2550: • 1512–1525
2218:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)
1366:Natanzi, Mo'in ad-Din.
1113:10.3406/befeo.2001.3509
922:"The Kingdom of Hormuz"
767:Depiction in literature
309:Kerman Seljuk Sultanate
303:and extended as far as
3447:Grão-Pará and Maranhão
2871:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
1146:James Silk Buckingham
760:
734:
701:
614:
591:
590:Ormus costumes (1670).
545:
465:raided the kingdom of
410:
296:
3137:invasion by Indonesia
2899:East Asia and Oceania
2071:São Tomé and Príncipe
1844:Portuguese Mozambique
1801:Portuguese Gold Coast
1379:Barrasihaa-ye Tarikhi
1310:Geographical Magazine
1293:Henry James Coleridge
1133:Sanjay Subrahmanyam,
1044:Encyclopaedia Iranica
750:
738:Henry James Coleridge
714:
694:
638:conquered the kingdom
612:
589:
550:Afonso de Albuquerque
543:
510:Ming treasure voyages
425:competition with the
421:. At the time of the
409:Bibi Maryam mausoleum
408:
363:pronunciation of the
331:in the 17th century.
146:Common languages
1247:, Routledge 1979 p65
1790:(São Jorge da Mina)
1641:São João da Mamora
1483:(El Qsar es Seghir)
1325:Milton and the Jews
1016:on 26 February 2020
972:The Kings of Hormoz
620:Kamal ud-Din Rashed
556:from 1515 to 1622.
203:• Established
126: /
3617:Hormozgan province
3503:Portuguese Guiana
3467:Maranhão and Piauí
3115:Lapa and Montanha
2926:Portuguese Malacca
2812:Portuguese Ceylon
2766:(Portuguese India)
2604:(Portuguese India)
2235: •
1694:Sub-Saharan Africa
1190:Curtis E. Larsen.
1177:Charles Belgrave,
787:To Emily Dickinson
702:
698:Códice Casanatense
615:
592:
546:
411:
391:status of Hormuz.
3584:
3583:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3472:
3471:
3431:
3430:
3398:
3397:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3253:
3252:
3207:
3206:
3147:
3146:
3130:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3105:Portuguese Macau
3097:
3096:
3050:
3049:
3020:
3019:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2861:Portuguese India
2853:
2852:
2838:Portuguese India
2830:
2829:
2793:
2792:
2756:
2755:
2594:
2593:
2448:
2447:
2438:Laccadive Islands
2400:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2284:
2283:
2105:
2104:
2095:Portuguese Angola
2088:Portuguese Guinea
2064:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2042:Portuguese Guinea
2026:
2025:
1992:
1991:
1947:
1946:
1917:Portuguese Angola
1816:
1815:
1811:Mascarene Islands
1675:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1558:
1557:
1526:1487–16th century
1432:Portuguese Empire
1361:Journal asiatique
1065:Dreyer, Edward L.
746:St Francis Xavier
635:Abbas I of Persia
315:Turkmens and the
269:
268:
265:
264:
261:
260:
130:27.100°N 56.450°E
41:11th century–1622
3624:
3571:Portuguese India
3519:
3506:
3493:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3381:
3368:
3355:
3342:
3329:
3316:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3287:
3274:
3273:
3228:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3166:
3153:
3152:
3118:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3065:
3064:
3061:Portuguese Macau
3058:
3046:
3045:
3037:Portuguese Timor
3029:
3028:
3026:
2973:
2960:
2947:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2908:
2895:
2894:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2815:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2760:
2759:
2731:
2708:
2695:
2672:
2628:
2598:
2597:
2579:
2565:
2554:
2533:
2520:
2519:(Cochin de Cima)
2506:
2495:
2484:
2471:
2461:
2460:
2457:Portuguese India
2454:
2442:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2419:
2406:
2405:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2240:
2168:
2145:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2124:
2111:
2110:
2052:Portuguese Congo
2035:
2034:
2032:
2011:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1988:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1942:
1930:
1877:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1791:
1778:
1756:
1744:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1657:
1644:
1631:
1618:
1605:
1604:(Souira Guedima)
1592:
1579:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1543:
1520:
1497:
1484:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1286:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1254:
1248:
1243:Peter Padfield,
1241:
1232:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1179:The Pirate Coast
1175:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1096:
1083:
1082:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1012:. Archived from
1006:
1000:
999:
991:
985:
982:
976:
975:
970:Vosoughi, M. B.
967:
961:
958:
952:
951:
943:
937:
936:
934:
932:
917:
906:
905:
889:
883:
882:
874:
868:
867:
859:
846:
843:
573:Muqrin ibn Zamil
529:Xingcha Shenglan
388:Muhammad Diramku
337:Strait of Hormuz
290:
273:Kingdom of Ormus
257:
256:
245:
244:
230:
229:
215:Safavid conquest
141:
140:
138:
137:
136:
131:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
91:
66:
52:
32:Kingdom of Ormus
28:
27:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3533:
3532:
3517:
3504:
3491:
3476:
3433:
3402:
3379:
3366:
3353:
3340:
3327:
3314:
3291:
3279:
3264:
3263:
3226:
3211:
3170:
3158:
3143:
3142:
3131:
3116:
3104:
3099:
3059:
3054:
3039:
3035:
3022:
2971:
2958:
2945:
2912:
2900:
2885:
2884:
2860:
2855:
2837:
2832:
2813:
2787:(Machilipatnam)
2786:
2729:
2706:
2693:
2670:
2659:Salsette Island
2630:
2626:
2625:
2577:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2531:
2518:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2482:
2469:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2423:
2411:
2396:
2395:
2288:
2230:
2166:
2143:
2128:
2116:
2101:
2100:
2097:from the 1920s.
2065:
2028:
2009:
1994:
1984:
1951:
1940:
1926:
1875:
1820:
1789:
1776:
1752:
1740:
1707:
1695:
1684:
1671:
1670:
1655:
1642:
1629:
1616:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1562:
1541:
1518:
1495:
1482:
1481:Alcácer Ceguer
1457:
1445:
1434:
1429:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1303:
1287:
1283:
1271:
1267:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1235:
1221:
1217:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1128:
1097:
1086:
1079:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1038:Floor, Willem.
1036:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1003:
992:
988:
983:
979:
968:
964:
959:
955:
944:
940:
930:
928:
918:
909:
898:Motale'at Irani
894:"Hormoz-Hormuz"
890:
886:
875:
871:
860:
849:
844:
840:
835:
827:Portuguese Oman
808:
769:
689:
577:António Correia
538:
519:Yingya Shenglan
489:dynasty of the
435:
384:
365:Zoroastrian god
357:
275:(also known as
254:
217:
204:
134:
132:
128:
125:
120:
117:
115:
113:
112:
111:
110:
94:
89:
69:
57:
54:
53:
36:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3630:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:Rio de Janeiro
3351:
3347:
3346:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3227:(Newfoundland)
3222:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3181:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3112:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3033:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2559:
2557:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2465:
2446:
2445:
2436:
2434:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2144:(Bandar Abbas)
2139:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2005:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1389:
1386:Majma al-Ansab
1382:
1371:
1364:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1334:
1314:
1301:
1289:Francis Xavier
1281:
1277:Duarte Barbosa
1265:
1249:
1233:
1215:
1196:
1183:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1139:
1126:
1084:
1078:978-0321084439
1077:
1056:
1027:
1001:
986:
977:
962:
953:
948:Majma al-Ansab
938:
926:Iranologie.com
907:
884:
881:. p. 215.
879:Majma al-Ansab
869:
847:
837:
836:
834:
831:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
807:
804:
791:Fulke Greville
783:Andrew Marvell
768:
765:
710:Duarte Barbosa
688:
685:
554:occupied Ormuz
537:
534:
434:
431:
383:
380:
361:Middle Persian
356:
353:
349:Bandar-e Abbas
329:Safavid Empire
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
251:
249:Safavid Empire
242:
239:
238:
233:
226:
225:
222:
221:
218:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
183:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
147:
143:
142:
135:27.100; 56.450
109:
108:
102:
100:
96:
95:
93:
92:
87:
77:
75:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
43:
42:
38:
37:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3629:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3527:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3275:
3271:
3258:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3161:
3154:
3150:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2896:
2892:
2879:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2785:Masulipatnam
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:Daman and Diu
2739:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2730:(Thoothukudi)
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2707:(Kodungallur)
2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2694:(Vasai-Virar)
2690:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2443:
2441:(Lakshadweep)
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2407:
2403:
2390:
2383:
2382:Bandar-e Kong
2380:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:Dibba Al-Hisn
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
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2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
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2002:
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1997:
1987:
1983:
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1956:
1954:
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1937:
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1918:
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1908:
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1775:Fernando Poo
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1362:
1358:
1357:
1337:
1335:9781139471183
1331:
1327:
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1311:
1305:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1275:, written by
1274:
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1074:
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1066:
1060:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1015:
1011:
1005:
997:
990:
981:
974:. p. 92.
973:
966:
957:
949:
942:
927:
923:
916:
914:
912:
903:
899:
895:
888:
880:
873:
865:
858:
856:
854:
852:
842:
838:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
817:Hormuz Island
815:
813:
810:
809:
803:
800:
796:
795:Hilary Mantel
792:
788:
784:
780:
779:
778:Paradise Lost
775:'s epic poem
774:
764:
759:
756:
749:
747:
743:
739:
733:
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727:
723:
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531:
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511:
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403:
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397:
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389:
379:
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366:
362:
352:
350:
346:
345:Hormuz Island
342:
338:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
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286:
282:
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155:
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107:
104:
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101:
97:
88:
86:
82:
79:
78:
76:
72:
65:
60:
51:
44:
39:
29:
26:
22:
3525:
3478:19th century
3477:
3475:
3435:18th century
3434:
3432:
3404:17th century
3403:
3401:
3293:16th century
3292:
3290:
3256:
3213:16th century
3212:
3210:
3198:
3197:
3184:
3183:
3172:15th century
3171:
3169:
3124:
3101:20th century
3100:
3098:
3056:19th century
3055:
3053:
3024:17th century
3023:
3021:
2914:16th century
2913:
2911:
2877:
2857:18th century
2856:
2854:
2834:17th century
2833:
2831:
2532:(Nagapatnam)
2452:16th century
2451:
2449:
2425:15th century
2424:
2422:
2388:
2290:17th century
2289:
2287:
2259:Tarut Island
2164:
2130:16th century
2129:
2127:
2115:Middle East
2081:Anosy Region
2058:
2030:19th century
2029:
2027:
1996:18th century
1995:
1993:
1953:17th century
1952:
1950:
1854:Saint Helena
1822:16th century
1821:
1819:
1709:15th century
1708:
1706:
1663:
1564:16th century
1563:
1561:
1459:15th century
1458:
1456:
1444:North Africa
1392:
1385:
1381:(1356–1357).
1378:
1367:
1360:
1354:Bibliography
1339:. Retrieved
1324:
1317:
1309:
1304:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1268:
1261:Semitic root
1256:
1252:
1244:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1178:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1129:
1104:
1100:
1068:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:the original
1004:
995:
989:
980:
971:
965:
956:
947:
941:
929:. Retrieved
925:
901:
897:
887:
878:
872:
863:
841:
786:
776:
770:
761:
751:
744:missionary,
735:
715:
706:Indian Ocean
703:
697:
679:province of
666:
650:Persian Gulf
642:Persian Gulf
628:
616:
593:
583:, looked on.
558:
547:
527:
517:
503:
495:Persian Gulf
479:
460:
446:(located in
436:
412:
393:
385:
375:
358:
333:
321:client state
301:Persian Gulf
280:
276:
272:
270:
236:Succeeded by
235:
207:11th century
81:Vassal state
25:
3516:Upper Peru
3490:Cisplatina
3248:Nova Scotia
3225:Terra Nova
2814:(Sri Lanka)
2705:Cranganore
2564:(Kozhikode)
2517:Pallipuram
2302:Khor Fakkan
2255:1521?–1551?
2079:A factory (
1617:(El Jadida)
1591:(Essaouira)
1519:(El Jadida)
931:14 December
773:John Milton
581:Reis Xarafo
567:that ended
508:during the
499:Arabian Sea
164:Sunni Islam
133: /
90:(1515–1622)
21:Ahura Mazda
3591:Categories
3244:1516–1579?
3234:1500–1579?
3221:1500–1579?
3092:Ilha Verde
3042:East Timor
2728:Tuticorin
2624:Chittagong
2530:Negapatam
2481:Cannanore
2410:South Asia
2245:1521–1529?
2214:1515–1633?
2090:from 1879.
2073:from 1753.
1965:Ziguinchor
1897:Madagascar
1731:Cape Verde
1630:(Azemmour)
1020:10 January
833:References
444:Salghurids
433:New Hormuz
427:Chaghatais
382:Old Hormuz
368:Ahuramazda
317:Ilkhanates
293:Portuguese
170:Government
3518:(Bolivia)
3499:1809–1817
3492:(Uruguay)
3486:1808–1822
3463:1772–1775
3453:1772–1775
3443:1751–1772
3422:1680–1777
3412:1621–1751
3389:1536–1620
3301:1500–1822
3117:(Hengqin)
3032:1642–1975
3011:1580–1586
3001:1557–1999
2995:Larantuka
2991:1515–1859
2981:1512–1665
2932:1512–1621
2922:1511–1641
2821:1558–1573
2808:1518–1658
2798:1518–1521
2751:Mangalore
2578:(Pulicat)
2496:1659–1661
2433:1498–1545
2368:1624–1648
2318:1621–1622
2275:1588–1648
2265:1550–1551
2224:1521–1602
2194:1515–1650
2174:1515–1648
2161:1515–1622
2151:1507–1643
2138:1506–1615
2048:1885–1974
2038:1879–1974
2017:1753–1975
2010:(Mombasa)
2008:Mombassa
2004:1728–1729
1981:1687–1974
1971:1680–1961
1961:1645–1888
1941:(Mombasa)
1939:Mombassa
1935:1593–1698
1923:1588–1974
1913:1575–1975
1903:1557–1578
1893:1508–1547
1883:1506–1511
1870:1505–1512
1860:1503–1698
1850:1502–1659
1840:1501–1975
1830:1500–1630
1807:1498–1540
1797:1482–1642
1784:1482–1637
1771:1478–1778
1761:1474–1778
1749:1471–1975
1737:1470–1975
1727:1462–1975
1717:1455–1633
1650:1577–1589
1637:1515–1541
1624:1513–1541
1611:1506–1769
1598:1506–1525
1585:1506–1525
1572:1505–1541
1536:1488–1541
1513:1485–1550
1503:1471–1662
1490:1471–1550
1477:1458–1550
1467:1415–1640
1107:: 27–75.
822:Hormizd I
799:Wolf Hall
797:'s novel
742:Navarrese
681:Hormozgan
654:Afrasiyab
604:crucified
491:Ilkhanids
419:Hormozgan
355:Etymology
313:Salghurid
160:Religion
3416:Maranhão
3393:Barbados
3238:Labrador
3015:Nagasaki
2985:Makassar
2848:Mylapore
2825:Maldives
2802:Maldives
2671:(Mumbai)
2613:Mylapore
2483:(Kannur)
2233:Muharraq
2093:Part of
2086:Part of
2076:Or 1600.
2069:Part of
1864:Zanzibar
1754:Príncipe
1742:São Tomé
1656:(Asilah)
1643:(Mehdya)
1615:Mazagan
1589:Mogador
1578:(Agadir)
1553:Graciosa
1517:Mazagan
1496:(Asilah)
1121:43731513
1067:(2007).
904:(7): 48.
806:See also
730:Muhammad
726:Persians
718:Persians
506:Zheng He
442:and the
423:Ilkhanid
85:Portugal
3505:(Amapá)
3186:Madeira
3072:Coloane
2949:Ternate
2692:Baçaím
2682:Ponnani
2669:Bombay
2561:Calicut
2470:(Kochi)
2468:Cochim
2378:1624?–?
2342:Libedia
2308:1621?–?
2228:Bahrain
2204:1515?–?
2178:Quriyat
2167:(Ormus)
2165:Hormuz
1887:Socotra
1876:(Kilwa)
1874:Quíloa
1834:Malindi
1788:Elmina
1777:(Bioko)
1765:Annobón
1654:Arzila
1628:Azamor
1530:Ouadane
1507:Tangier
1494:Arzila
1341:3 April
677:Iranian
662:Ottoman
631:Safavid
565:Bahrain
561:vassals
524:Fei Xin
514:Ma Huan
463:Seljuks
452:Bahrain
396:Fatimid
323:of the
305:Bahrain
285:Persian
213:•
190:History
174:Kingdom
150:Persian
121:56°27′E
118:27°06′N
99:Capital
3526:
3383:Brazil
3380:
3370:Brazil
3367:
3354:
3341:
3331:Brazil
3328:
3315:
3305:Brazil
3257:
3200:Azores
3125:
2975:Tidore
2972:
2959:
2946:
2936:Maluku
2878:
2763:
2601:
2553:
2502:Quilon
2494:
2389:
2358:1624–?
2348:1624–?
2338:1623–?
2332:Khasab
2328:1623–?
2312:As Sib
2298:1620–?
2279:Matrah
2237:Manama
2198:Muscat
2188:Qalhat
2184:1515–?
2142:Gamru
2059:
1986:Bissau
1928:Cacheu
1721:Arguim
1664:
1542:(Safi)
1540:Safim
1332:
1119:
1075:
724:. The
673:Muscat
646:Muscat
633:ruler
624:Muscat
569:Jabrid
487:Mongol
467:Kerman
440:Kerman
376:hormos
281:Hormuz
277:Hormoz
193:
185:
154:Arabic
106:Hormuz
74:Status
3344:Bahia
3082:Taipa
3005:Macau
2962:Ambon
2775:Hugli
2718:Surat
2649:Chalé
2639:Chaul
2589:Chaul
2362:Madha
2352:Kalba
2322:Qeshm
2269:Qatif
2249:Qatif
2208:Barka
2155:Sohar
1907:Accra
1602:Aguz
1471:Ceuta
1228:Asnad
1210:Asnad
1117:JSTOR
1049:9 May
755:Babel
722:Arabs
658:Pasha
656:(the
596:Sunni
483:Buyid
471:Qeshm
415:Minab
399:Egypt
372:Dates
341:Minab
297:Ormuz
3512:1822
3194:1432
3180:1420
2555:1750
1549:1489
1343:2014
1330:ISBN
1259:, a
1257:pesh
1073:ISBN
1051:2021
1022:2016
933:2020
720:and
669:Imam
600:Shia
475:Hajj
456:Oman
454:and
448:Fars
289:هرمز
271:The
220:1622
181:King
56:Flag
35:هرمز
2543:Goa
1377:."
1109:doi
671:of
559:As
417:in
279:or
83:of
3593::
1295:,
1291:,
1236:^
1208:.
1115:.
1105:88
1103:.
1087:^
1042:.
1030:^
924:.
910:^
900:.
896:.
850:^
683:.
458:.
351:.
295::
291:;
287::
283:;
152:,
3044:)
3040:(
2239:)
2231:(
1424:e
1417:t
1410:v
1345:.
1230:.
1212:.
1123:.
1111::
1081:.
1053:.
1024:.
935:.
902:4
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
