Portuguese Empire - Knowledge

5140: 5559: 4199: 4556: 14472: 3744: 3886: 5571: 3794: 3813: 6300: 3519: 3046: 5011: 6340: 4319: 3571: 6284: 5048: 82: 3690: 12379: 5368: 6082: 5473: 6383: 66: 5886: 6360: 5237: 3982: 4933: 5094: 3898: 5528:, leaders proposed a society without slavery, food prices would be lowered, and trade restriction abolished. Impoverished social conditions and a high cost of living were among reasons of the revolt. Authorities diffused the plot before major action began; they executed four of the conspirators and exiled several others to the Atlantic Coast of Africa. Several more smaller-scale slave rebellions and revolts would occur from 1801 and 1816 and fears within Brazil were that these events would lead to a 4638: 1015: 5665: 5257: 3553:. While following the same south-westerly route as Gama across the Atlantic Ocean, Cabral made landfall on the Brazilian coast. This was probably an accidental discovery, but it has been speculated that the Portuguese secretly knew of Brazil's existence and that it lay on their side of the Tordesillas line. Cabral recommended to the Portuguese King that the land be settled, and two follow up voyages were sent in 1501 and 1503. The land was found to be abundant in 3829: 3240: 3132: 3419:, stone crosses engraved with the Portuguese coat of arms marking their claims, and built forts and trading posts. From these bases, they engaged profitably in the slave and gold trades. Portugal enjoyed a virtual monopoly on the African seaborne slave trade for over a century, importing around 800 slaves annually. Most were brought to the Portuguese capital Lisbon, where it is estimated black Africans came to constitute 10 percent of the population. 1444: 15053: 3428: 4063: 3378: 5249:

Madeira, and the Azores. All correspondence concerning overseas possessions were funneled through the council. When the Portuguese court fled to Brazil in 1807, following the Napoleonic invasion of Iberia, Brazil was removed from the jurisdiction of the council. It made recommendations concerning personnel for the administrative, fiscal, and military, as well as bishops of overseas dioceses. A distinguished seventeenth-century member was

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Pombal, and he made provisions to improve each. Although he failed to spike the gold revenue, two short-term companies he established for the plantation economy drove a significant increase in production of cotton, rice, cacao, tobacco, and sugar. Slave labor increased as well as involvement from the textile economy. The economic development as a whole was inspired by elements of the

5795:, in northern Mozambique, the territory having been subjugated by Germany. In 1916, after Portugal interned German ships in Lisbon, Germany declared war on Portugal. Portugal followed suit, thus entering World War I. Early in the war, Portugal was involved mainly in supplying the Allies positioned in France. In 1916, there was only one attack on the Portuguese territory, in 5710: 5399:", with a large influx of migrants. The village became the new economic center of the empire, with rapid settlement and some conflicts. This gold cycle led to the creation of an internal market and attracted a large number of immigrants. By 1739, at the apex of the mining boom, the population of Minas Gerais was somewhere between 200,000 and 250,000. 6146:, which when combined total 10,742,000 km, or 7.2% of the Earth's landmass (148 939 063 km). As at 2023, there are 32 associate observers of the CPLP, reflecting the global reach and influence of Portugal's former empire. Moreover, twelve candidate countries or regions have applied for membership to the CPLP and are awaiting approval. 5124:– 8 February 1611), formerly the Dutch secretary of the Archbishop of Goa, had acquired information while serving in that position that contained the location of secret Portuguese trade routes throughout Asia, including those to the East Indies and Japan. It was published in 1595 and then greatly expanded the next year as his 5937:. The existence of the remaining Portuguese colonies in India became increasingly untenable and Nehru enjoyed the support of almost all the Indian domestic political parties as well as the Soviet Union and its allies. In 1961, shortly after an uprising against the Portuguese in Angola, Nehru ordered the Indian Army into 5965:

According to one historian, Portuguese rulers were unwilling to meet the demands of their colonial subjects (unlike other European powers) in part because Portuguese elites believed that "Portugal lacked the means to conduct a successful "exit strategy" (akin to the "neocolonial" approach followed by

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The outbreak of violence in February 1961 in Angola was the beginning of the end of Portugal's empire in Africa. Portuguese army officers in Angola held the view that it would be incapable of dealing militarily with an outbreak of guerilla warfare and therefore that negotiations should begin with the

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In spite of the conspiracies, the rule of Portugal in Brazil was not under serious threat. Historian A. R. Disney states that the colonists did not until the transferring of the Kingdom in 1808 assert influence of policy changing due to direct contact, and historian Gabriel Paquette mentions that the

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had success against Bahadur, the latter signed another treaty with the Portuguese to confirm the provisions and allowed the fort to be built in Diu. Shortly afterward, Humayun turned his attention elsewhere, and the Gujarats allied with the Ottomans to regain control of Diu and lay siege to the fort.

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was to build settlements, grant allotments and administer justice, being responsible for developing and taking the costs of colonization, although not being the owner: he could transmit it to offspring, but not sell it. Twelve recipients came from Portuguese gentry who become prominent in Africa and

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incited poor relations with China due to his pirate activities, raiding Chinese shipping, attacking a Chinese official, and kidnappings of Chinese. He based himself at Tamao island in a fort. The Chinese claimed that Simão kidnapped Chinese boys and girls to be molested and cannibalized. The Chinese

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The completion of these negotiations with Spain is one of several reasons proposed by historians for why it took nine years for the Portuguese to follow up on Dias's voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, though it has also been speculated that other voyages were in fact taking place in secret during this

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Throughout 1917 Portugal dispatched contingents of troops to the Allied front in France. Midway in the year, Portugal suffered its first World War I casualty. In Portuguese Africa, Portugal and the British fought numerous battles against the Germans in both Mozambique and Angola. Later in the year,

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Gold discovered in Mato Grosso and Goiás sparked an interest to solidify the western borders of the colony. In the 1730s contact with Spanish outposts occurred more frequently, and the Spanish threatened to launch a military expedition in order to remove them. This failed to happen and by the 1750s

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began. Even before the war's final resolution, the crown established the Overseas Council, conceived in 1642 on the short-lived model of the Council of India (1604–1614), and established in 1643, it was the governing body for most of the Portuguese overseas empire. The exceptions were North Africa,

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was discovered by Vasco da Gama. In contrast to Almeida, Albuquerque was more concerned with strengthening the navy, as well as being more compliant with the interests of the kingdom. His first objective was to conquer Goa, due to its strategic location as a defensive fort positioned between Kerala

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Soon its ships were bringing into the European market highly valued gold, ivory, pepper, cotton, sugar, and slaves. The slave trade, for example, was conducted by a few dozen merchants in Lisbon. In the process of expanding the trade routes, Portuguese navigators mapped unknown parts of Africa, and

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The Tordesillas boundary between Spanish and Portuguese control in South America was then increasingly ignored by the Portuguese, who pressed beyond it into the heart of Brazil, allowing them to expand the territory to the west. Exploratory missions were carried out both ordered by the government,

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was discovered by Cunha whilst possibly being accompanied by Albuquerque. After the capture of Socotra, Cunha and Albuquerque operated separately. While Cunha traveled India and Portugal for trading purposes, Albuquerque went to India to take over as governor after Almeida's three-year term ended.

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Today, Portuguese is one of the world's major languages, ranked sixth overall with approximately 240 million speakers around the globe. It is the third most spoken language in the Americas, mainly due to Brazil, although there are also significant communities of Lusophones in nations such as

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within the 'Minas' group had a reputation to have been experts in extrapolating gold in their native regions, and became the preferred group. In spite of the high death rate associated with the slaves involved in the mining industry, the owners that allowed slaves that extracted above the minimum

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created in the latter. The crown also restricted the diamond mining within its jurisdiction and to private contractors. In spite of gold galvanizing global trade, the plantation industry became the leading export for Brazil during this period; sugar constituted at 50% of the exports (with gold at

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harbour among other reasons. In the same year, Manuel I ordered Almeida to fortify the Portuguese fortresses in Kerala and within eastern Africa, as well as probe into the prospects of building forts in Sri Lanka and Malacca in response to growing hostilities with Muslims within those regions and

2832:. With its smaller population, Portugal found itself unable to effectively defend its overstretched network of trading posts, and the empire began a long and gradual decline. Eventually, Brazil became the most valuable colony of the second era of empire (1663–1825), until, as part of the wave of 5504:

population by encouraging intermarriage between them and the white population. Indigenous freedom decreased in contrast to its period under the Jesuits, and the response to intermarriage was lukewarm at best. The crown's revenue from gold declined and plantation revenue increased by the time of

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intercontinental trade had a substantial and increasingly positive impact on economic growth. In the heyday of colonial expansion, eliminating the economic links to empire would have reduced Portugal's per capita income by roughly a fifth. While the empire helped the domestic economy it was not

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to return the enclaves, viewing them as integral parts of Portugal. The following year, the Portuguese constitution was amended to change the status of the colonies to overseas provinces. In 1954, a local uprising resulted in the overthrow of the Portuguese authorities in the Indian enclave of

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The Tamoio had been allied with the French since the settlement of France Antarctique, and despite the French loss in 1560, the Tamoio were still a threat. They launched two attacks in 1561 and 1564 (the latter event was assisting the French), and were nearly successful with each. By this time

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sent a squadron of junks against Portuguese caravels that succeeded in driving the Portuguese away and reclaiming Tamao. As a result, the Chinese posted an edict banning men with Caucasian features from entering Canton, killing multiple Portuguese there, and driving the Portuguese back to sea.

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to South-east Asia, seeking an agreement with the Sultan of Malacca, and Jorge de Aguiar followed by Duarte de Lemos were sent to the area between the Cape of Good Hope and Gujarat. However, such posts were centralized by Afonso de Albuquerque after his succession and remained so in subsequent

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interfered with the process with denunciations, and later sent a Kongo mission to Ndongo after the latter had arrested the Portuguese mission that came. The growing official and unofficial slave trading with Ndongo strained relations between Kongo and the Portuguese, and even had Portuguese

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was a military success, and marked one of the first steps in Portuguese expansion beyond the Iberian Peninsula, but it proved costly to defend against the Muslim forces that soon besieged it. The Portuguese were unable to use it as a base for further expansion into the hinterland, and the

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Spanish imperial trade networks now were opened to Portuguese merchants, which was particularly lucrative for Portuguese slave traders who could now sell slaves in Spanish America at a higher price than could be fetched in Brazil. In addition to this newly acquired access to the Spanish

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was also incorporated into the Macau-Nagasaki trading network, allowing Macanese of Portuguese descent to act as trading agents for Philippine Spaniards and use Spanish silver from the Americas in trade with China, and they later drew competition with the Dutch East India Company.

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the British, the French, or the Belgians)" and in part due to the lack of "a free and open debate on the costs of upholding an empire against the anti-colonial consensus that had prevailed in the United Nations since the early 1960s". The rise of Soviet influence among the

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Free from threats to its existence and unchallenged by the wars fought by other European states, Portuguese attention turned overseas and towards a military expedition to the Muslim lands of North Africa. There were several probable motives for their first attack, on the

6065:, the Portuguese transfer to China was met with less resistance than that of Britain regarding Hong Kong, as Portugal had already recognized Macau as Chinese territory under Portuguese administration in 1979. Under the transfer agreement, Macau is to be governed under a 5688:

and all but a few bases in Asia. During this phase, Portuguese colonialism focused on expanding its outposts in Africa into nation-sized territories to compete with other European powers there. Portugal pressed into the hinterland of Angola and Mozambique, and explorers

5820:. As autumn approached, Germany found success in both Portuguese Africa and against Portuguese vessels, sinking multiple ships. After nearly three years of fighting (from a Portuguese perspective), World War I ended, with an armistice being signed by Germany. At the 4693:

to serve as a base for cod fishing. Pressure from natives and competing European fisheries prevented a permanent establishment and it was abandoned five years later. Several attempts to establish settlements in Newfoundland over the next half-century also failed.

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in 1576 and soon became a slave port. De Novais' subsequent alliance with Ndongo angered Luso-Africans who resented the influence from the Crown. In 1579, Ndongo ruler Ngola Kiluanje kia Ndamdi massacred Portuguese and Kongolese residents in the Ndongo capital

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In 1914, the German Empire formulated plans to usurp Angola from Portuguese control. Skirmishes between Portuguese and German soldiers ensued, resulting in reinforcements being sent from the mainland. The main objective of these soldiers was to recapture the

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and never returned to Brazil. The French attacks did cease to an extent after retaliation led to the Portuguese paying the French to stop attacking Portuguese ships throughout the Atlantic, but the attacks would continue to be a problem well into the 1560s.

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also created instabilities among Portuguese overseas populations, as the United States and Soviet Union vied to increase their spheres of influence. Following the granting of independence to India by Britain in 1947, and the decision by France to allow its

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After the Sultan of Bintan detained several Portuguese under Tomás Pires, the Chinese then executed 23 Portuguese and threw the rest into prison where they resided in squalid, sometimes fatal conditions. The Chinese then massacred Portuguese who resided at

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led by Rodrigo de Lima in 1520. This coincided with the Portuguese search for Prester John, as they soon associated the kingdom as his land. The fear of Turkish advances within the Portuguese and Ethiopian sectors also played a role in their alliance. The

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along the coasts of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. This commercial network and the colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth (1500–1800) when it accounted for about a fifth of Portugal's per-capita income.

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Jorge Alvares was the first European to reach China by sea, while the Romans were the first overland via Asia Minor. He was also the first European to discover Hong Kong. In 1514, Afonso de Albuquerque, the Viceroy of the Estado da India, dispatched

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by this period. However, they soon began to shield Chinese junks and a cautious trade began. In 1557 the Chinese authorities allowed the Portuguese to settle in Macau, creating a warehouse in the trade of goods between China, Japan, Goa and Europe.

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and formally annexed the following year. Salazar refused to recognize the transfer of sovereignty, believing the territories to be merely occupied. The Province of Goa continued to be represented in the Portuguese National Assembly until 1974.

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independence movements. However, Salazar publicly stated his determination to keep the empire intact, and by the end of the year, 50,000 troops had been stationed there. The same year, the tiny Portuguese fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá in

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made its way to India, exploring trade opportunities with the Indians and Arabs, and winding up finally in Ethiopia. His detailed report was eagerly read in Lisbon, which became the best-informed center for global geography and trade routes.

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Guarding its trade from both European and Asian competitors, Portugal dominated not only the trade between Asia and Europe, but also much of the trade between different regions of Asia and Africa, such as India, Indonesia, China, and Japan.

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warrior-slaves, these men acted as feudal-like lords, either levying tax from local chieftains, defending them and their estates from marauding tribes, participating in the ivory or slave trade, and becoming involved in the politics of the

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entered Portuguese waters again and once more attacked Madeira, sinking multiple Portuguese ships. Through the beginning of 1918, Portugal continued to fight along the Allied front against Germany, including participation in the infamous

6283: 5342:, Goa. They belonged to the noble Pinto clan, hence the name of the rebellion. This was fought due to the Portuguese refusing to create bishops and other officials from the colonies and demanded equality. The family was one of the first 3294:, the accessibility of Madeira attracted Genoese and Flemish traders keen to bypass Venetian monopolies. Slaves were used, and the proportion of imported slaves in Madeira reached 10% of the total population by the 16th century. By 1480 3951:(as it was recaptured on her feast day), and attempted to build rapport with the Hindus by protecting their temples and reducing their tax requirements. The Portuguese maintained friendly relations with the south Indian Emperors of the 3559:, or brazilwood, from which it later inherited its name, but the failure to find gold or silver meant that for the time being Portuguese efforts were concentrated on India. In 1502, to enforce its trade monopoly over a wide area of the 5312:

and several minor bases in India, and managed to regain territories in Brazil and Africa, but lost forever to prominence in Asia as trade was diverted through increasing numbers of English, Dutch and French trading posts. In 1787, in

5419:(immigrants from Portugal and other regions in Brazil), so a whole set of bureaucratic controls began in 1710 with the captaincy of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. By 1718, São Paulo and Minas Gerais became two captaincies, with eight 6103:

Macau was returned to China on 20 December 1999, under the terms of an agreement negotiated between People's Republic of China and Portugal twelve years earlier. Nevertheless, the Portuguese language remains co-official with

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had some seventy ships engaged in the Madeira sugar trade, with the refining and distribution concentrated in Antwerp. By the 1490s Madeira had overtaken Cyprus as a producer of sugar. The success of sugar merchants such as

4136:) cannon because the Portuguese were known to the Chinese under the name of Franks at this time. The Portuguese later returned to China peacefully and presented themselves under the name Portuguese instead of Franks in the 3812: 4752:

Upon de Sousa's arrival and success, fifteen latitudinal tracts, theoretically to span from the coast to the Tordesillas limit, were decreed by João III on 28 September 1532. The plot of the lands formed as a hereditary

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put an end to Ottoman ambitions, confirming the Portuguese hegemony in the region, as well as gaining superiority over the Mughals. However, the Ottomans fought off attacks from the Portuguese in the Red Sea and in the

3793: 2820:, although the realms continued to have separate administrations. As the King of Spain was also King of Portugal, Portuguese colonies became the subject of attacks by three rival European powers hostile to Spain: the 6021:

promptly broke out, with incoming communist governments formed by the former rebels (and backed by the Soviet Union, Cuba, and other communist countries) fighting against insurgent groups supported by nations like

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to England as part of a dowry, and over the next hundred years the English gradually became the dominant trader in India, gradually excluding the trade of other powers. In 1668 Spain recognized the end of the

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in the mid-15th century, a ship that could be sailed closer to the wind than any other in operation in Europe at the time. Using this new maritime technology, Portuguese navigators reached ever more southerly

5605:), and the capital was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, the only instance of a European country being ruled from one of its colonies. There was also the election of Brazilian representatives to the 4884:, took part as members of attacks on the Tamoios and as spies for their resources. From 1565 through 1567 Mem de Sá and his forces eventually destroyed France Antarctique at Guanabara Bay. He and his nephew, 4789:. The rise of the sugar industry came about because the Crown took the easiest sources of profit (brazilwood, spices, etc.), leaving settlers to come up with new revenue sources. The establishment of the 5410:

The gold rush considerably increased the revenue of the Portuguese crown, who charged a fifth of all the ore mined, or the "fifth". Diversion and smuggling were frequent, along with altercations between

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against Islam; to the military class, it promised glory on the battlefield and the spoils of war; and finally, it was also a chance to expand Portuguese trade and to address Portugal's economic decline.

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in 1567, after Mem de Sá proclaimed the area "São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro" in 1565. By 1575, the Tamoios had been subdued and essentially were extinct, and by 1580 the government became more of an

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Along with Almeida's initial attempts, Manuel I and his council in Lisbon had tried to distribute power in the Indian Ocean, creating three areas of jurisdiction: Albuquerque was sent to the Red Sea,

5990:) – was to end the wars and negotiate Portuguese withdrawal from its African colonies. These events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens from Portugal's African territories (mostly from 6339: 4378:. In a shifting series of alliances, the Portuguese dominated much of the southern Persian Gulf for the next hundred years. With the regular maritime route linking Lisbon to Goa since 1497, the 4162:

Despite initial harmony and excitement between the two cultures, difficulties began to arise shortly afterwards, including misunderstanding, bigotry, and even hostility. The Portuguese explorer

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in 1999. The empire began in the 15th century, and from the early 16th century it stretched across the globe, with bases in Africa, North America, South America, and various regions of Asia and

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system ineffective, João III decided to centralize the government of the colony in order to "give help and assistance" to grantees. In 1548 he created the first General Government, sending in

5007:". These expeditions lasted for years venturing into unmapped regions, initially to capture natives and force them into slavery, and later focusing on finding gold, silver and diamond mines. 3970:

traded there. Albuquerque targeted Malacca to impede the Muslim and Venetian influence in the spice trade and increase that of Lisbon. By July 1511, Albuquerque had captured Malacca and sent

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the Church of England was a " state church " in the colonies the way it indisputably was in England, and as the Roman Catholic Church was in the neighboring Spanish and Portuguese empires.

3204:, Henry's brother and by then regent of the Kingdom, granted him the monopoly of navigation, war and trade in the lands south of Cape Bojador. Later this monopoly would be enforced by the 9725: 5721:, was the main objective of Portuguese policy in the 1880s. However, the idea was unacceptable to the British, who had their own aspirations of contiguous British territory running from 3112:

on the African coast. Henry wished to know how far the Muslim territories in Africa extended, and whether it was possible to reach Asia by sea, both to reach the source of the lucrative

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attacked and conquered regions of Kongo in 1568, Portuguese assisted Kongo in their defeat. In response, the Kongo allowed the colonization of Luanda Island; Luanda was established by

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Although Ceuta proved to be a disappointment for the Portuguese, the decision was taken to hold it while exploring along the Atlantic African coast. A key supporter of this policy was

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Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince-regent

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under the influence of Portuguese renegades. Both the Portuguese and Kongo fought against Ndongo, and off-and-on warfare between the Ndongo and Portugal would persist for decades.

3905:("State of India"), with its capital in Goa, included possessions (as subjected areas with a certain degree of autonomy) in all the Asian sub-continents, East Africa, and Pacific. 3537:

left Portugal in 1497, rounded the Cape and continued along the coast of East Africa, where a local pilot was brought on board who guided them across the Indian Ocean, reaching

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and the north Atlantic coast of Canada, which accounts for the appearance of "Labrador" on topographical maps of the period. Subsequently, in 1500–1501 and 1502, the brothers

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in 1541, and in the northern region of the Persian Gulf in 1546 and 1552. Each entity ultimately had to respect the sphere of influence of the other, albeit unofficially.

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in order to ensure the protection of this trade, which was held again as a royal monopoly. The equator was crossed by navigators sponsored by Fernão Gomes in 1473 and the

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were captured. During these battles the Ming Chinese captured weapons from the defeated Portuguese which they then reverse engineered and mass-produced in China such as

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threats in Brazil were largely unrealized in Portugal until 1808 because of effective policing and espionage. More revolts would occur after the arrival of the court.

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According to economic historians, Portugal's colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth, 1500–1800. Leonor Costa et al. conclude:

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trading posts in 1545 and 1549, due to extensive and damaging raids by the Portuguese along the coast, which irritated the Chinese. Portuguese pirating was second to

14625: 3108:, and who took the lead role in promoting and financing Portuguese maritime exploration until his death in 1460. At the time, Europeans did not know what lay beyond 5139: 4492:

with Portuguese soldiers and muskets. Though the Ottomans responded with support of soldiers and muskets to the Adal Sultanate, after the death of the Adali sultan

17680: 5974:(1961–1974), in which Portugal resisted to the emerging nationalist guerrilla movements in some of its African territories, eventually led to the collapse of the 5244:

The loss of colonies was one of the reasons that contributed to the end of the personal union with Spain. In 1640 John IV was proclaimed King of Portugal and the

4242:. With the Portuguese already established in nearby Ternate, conflict was inevitable, leading to nearly a decade of skirmishes. A resolution was reached with the 3966:, the largest spice market of the period. Though the trade was largely dominated by the Gujarati, other groups such as the Turks, Persians, Armenians, Tamils and 3065:, a strategically located North African Muslim enclave along the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the terminal ports of the trans-Saharan gold and slave trades. The 6436: 1499: 9767: 5500:, which led to the dissolution of the order in the region by 1759. Pombal wished to improve the status of the natives by declaring them free and increasing the 5492:, which reported directly to the Crown in Lisbon. The 18th century was marked by increasing centralization of royal power throughout the Portuguese empire. The 17690: 6225: 5524:, was hanged. Among the conspiracies led by the African population was the Bahian revolt in 1798, led primarily by João de Deus do Nascimento. Inspired by the 3681:

came to the attention of Portuguese officials soon after for their resistance to missionary activities as well as logistical reasons due to its proximity with

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in Lisbon seeing to his interests. Philip even had the capital moved to Lisbon for a two-year period (1581–83) due to it being the most important city in the

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policy, in which it will retain a high degree of autonomy and maintain its capitalist way of life for at least 50 years after the handover, until 2049. The

5086:(nearly half the size of English Treasury at the time). This foretaste of the riches of the East galvanized English interest in the region. That same year, 14322: 12120: 2761:

the coast of Africa and the Atlantic archipelagos in 1418–1419, using recent developments in navigation, cartography, and maritime technology such as the

17685: 14952: 14664: 6426: 5598: 5553: 5597:, ordered the transfer of the royal court to Brazil. In 1815 Brazil was elevated to the status of Kingdom, the Portuguese state officially becoming the 4532:

In east-Africa, the main agents acting on behalf of the Portuguese Crown, exploring and settling the territory of what would become Mozambique were the

14699: 3219:(1455), granting Portugal the trade monopoly for the newly discovered lands. A major advance that accelerated this project was the introduction of the 1492: 1139: 5760:. Two years later, on October 5, 1910, he was overthrown and fled into exile in England in Fulwell Park, Twickenham near London and Portugal became a 4979:. At Tomar, Philip promised to keep the empires legally distinct, leaving the administration of the Portuguese Empire to Portuguese nationals, with a 2179: 7577: 5455:

killed between 40,000 and 60,000 people out of a population of 275,000. This sharply checked Portuguese colonial ambitions in the late 18th century.

81: 4677:, and Greenland, claiming these lands for Portugal. In 1506, King Manuel I created taxes for the cod fisheries in Newfoundland waters. Around 1521, 17640: 14632: 9048: 3318:. Gomes, who had to explore 100 miles (160 km) of the coast each year for five years, discovered the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, including 2117: 2087: 1992: 1857: 5044:, leading Philip II to prohibit commerce with Dutch ships, including in Brazil where Dutch had invested large sums in financing sugar production. 4163: 3755:

Although requested by Manuel I to further explore interests in Malacca and Sri Lanka, Almeida instead focused on western India, in particular the

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and his brother Pero Lopes went to patrol the whole Brazilian coast, banish the French, and create some of the first colonial towns – among them

4193: 3861: 12074:: history of the Portuguese and the Dutch in Ceylon, India, Malacca, Bengal, Formosa, Africa, Brazil. Language Heritage, lists of remains, maps. 4198: 2007: 9828:"Joint declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and The Government of the Republic of Portugal on the question of Macao" 9745: 9699: 5558: 5428: 3497: 2219: 309: 15890: 7009: 5427:

Africans became the largest group of people in Minas Gerais. Slaves labeled as 'Minas' and 'Angolas' rose in high demand during the boom. The

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in mainland Europe. However, the diminished influence from states such as the United Kingdom increased the Kingdom's dependence upon Brazil.

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playing a large role in Minas Gerais, the number of them that received marginalization was greater there than in any other region in Brazil.

4860:, and slave forces from France Antarctique, but left survivors after burning their fortifications and villages. These survivors would settle 3089: 1472: 17: 5032:, countries which were beginning to establish their own overseas empires. The primary threat came from the Dutch, who had been engaged in a 17710: 12378: 5799:. In 1917, one of the actions taken by Portugal was to assist Britain in its timber industry, imperative to the war effort. Along with the 259: 5163:

in the war. The Dutch attained victories in Asia and Africa with assistance of various indigenous allies, eventually wrenching control of

5014: 3196:, and whether it was possible to return once it was passed, were assuaged in 1434 when it was rounded by one of Infante Henry's captains, 17670: 17033: 11704: 10077: 5062:, the Portuguese were able to solve their bullion shortage issues with access to the production of the silver mining in Peru and Mexico. 10841: 10428:

Christian-Muslim Relations. a Bibliographical History.: Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500–1600)

10024: 5128:. Dutch and English interests used this new information, leading to their commercial expansion, including the foundation of the English 3993:

The Malacca peninsula became the strategic base for Portuguese trade expansion with China and Southeast Asia. A strong gate, called the

17630: 14411: 6290: 6143: 6093: 6050: 5549: 4653:, the Portuguese Crown, under the kings Manuel I, John III and Sebastian, also claimed territorial rights in North America (reached by 3259:, off the coast of Mauritania, to attract Muslim traders and monopolize the business in the routes travelled in North Africa. In 1446, 2969: 2938: 2523: 2476: 2471: 1216: 1036: 12672: 12078:"The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe" 10174: 4555: 2910: 928: 17700: 17655: 14772: 10468: 10358: 10132: 5962:) that had gained its independence from France. Unrest spread from Angola to Guinea, which rebelled in 1963, and Mozambique in 1964. 4702:

Within a few years after Cabral arrived from Brazil, competition came along from France. In 1503, an expedition under the command of

2545: 2174: 1347: 9983: 4968:

in 1578. At the Cortes of Tomar in 1581, Philip was crowned Philip I of Portugal, uniting the two crowns and overseas empires under

17665: 17635: 17625: 15466: 14315: 12113: 7660: 6274: 5659: 3480:

time. Whether or not this was the case, the long-standing Portuguese goal of finding a sea route to Asia was finally achieved in a

2592: 1707: 844: 12768: 12718: 5741: 5463:

sufficient to annul the tendency towards decline in relation to Europe's advanced core which set in from the 17th century onwards.

4538:, to whom vast estates around the Zambezi River were leased by the King as a reward for their services. Commanding vast armies of 17600: 14507: 14258: 10426: 9805: 6186: 5512:

Encouraged by the example of the United States of America, which had won its independence from Britain, the colonial province of

5116:

The Dutch eventually realized the importance of Goa in breaking up the Portuguese empire in Asia. In 1583, merchant and explorer

4627: 3472:, or 970 miles (1,560 km), west of the Cape Verde islands. However, as it was not possible at the time to correctly measure 14471: 14144: 10523: 9854: 7529: 5218:. In Ethiopia and Japan in the 1630s, the ousting of missionaries by local leaders severed influence in the respective regions. 17695: 15436: 14739: 8613: 6194: 6043: 4226:

arrived in the region and claimed the Philippines for Spain. In 1525, Spain under Charles V sent an expedition to colonize the

4005:(modern Thailand), where he was the first European to arrive, establishing amicable relations and trade between both kingdoms. 11764: 11386: 8875: 7783: 6178: 3017:. After establishing itself as a separate kingdom in 1139, Portugal completed its reconquest of Moorish territory by reaching 2707: 16843: 16225: 15201: 14154: 14054: 11928: 11909: 11888: 11860: 11837: 11816: 11605: 11438: 11417: 11352: 11310: 11283: 11262: 11241: 11155: 11017: 10891: 10784: 10721: 10614: 10542: 10478: 10415: 10347: 10328: 10233: 10205: 10163: 10061: 9638: 9387: 9161: 8789: 8755: 8251: 8139: 7974: 7668: 7462: 7435: 7408: 7381: 7347: 7311: 6686: 6382: 6139: 4734: 3460:, which he believed to be Asia, led to disputes between the Spanish and the Portuguese. These were eventually settled by the 2269: 1550: 11465: 10260: 8666: 15139: 15098: 14887: 14386: 14366: 7785:

The Voyage of Don Stefano de Gama from Goa to Suez, in 1540, with the intention of Burning the Turkish Galleys at that port

7550: 6214: 5921:

to be incorporated into the newly independent nation, pressure was placed on Portugal to do the same. This was resisted by

4133: 3743: 2622: 2535: 16749: 9596: 17705: 17660: 17548: 15252: 15196: 14967: 14942: 14902: 14308: 13321: 12106: 10753: 9763: 8908: 6273:

In light of its international importance, Portugal and Brazil are leading a movement to include Portuguese as one of the

6039: 5777: 5655: 5436:. Those that became free partook in artisan jobs such as cobblers, tailors, and blacksmiths. In spite of free blacks and 5231: 5227: 5214:, would result in a draw. They would continue to use Muscat as a base for repetitive incursions within the Indian Ocean, 4025: 3885: 3872: 3481: 3079: 2994: 2934: 2607: 2379: 1226: 1211: 1189: 1146: 240: 9912: 6030:

also declared independence in 1975 by making an exodus of many Portuguese refugees to Portugal, which was also known as

5570: 4852:

as new Brazilian governor general, and Sá left for Brazil in 1557. By 1560, Sá and his forces had expelled the combined

3330:(the mine), where he established a trading post. Trade between Elmina and Portugal grew throughout a decade. During the 1331: 1244: 17402: 16895: 15895: 15492: 15270: 14785: 14724: 14248: 11774: 11753: 11732: 11522: 11489: 11375: 11220: 11176: 11113: 10954: 10763: 10742: 10679: 10652: 10633: 10436: 10307: 10142: 10121: 8918: 8885: 6416: 6070: 5876: 5321:, also known as the Pinto Revolt, known in Portuguese as A Conjuração dos Pintos occured, this was a rebellion against 4828:, the latter which Nóbrega co-founded. Along with the Jesuit missions later came disease among the natives, among them 4786: 3997:, was erected to defend the city and remains. Learning of Siamese ambitions over Malacca, Albuquerque immediately sent 2946: 2844: 2731: 1807: 1727: 1337: 788: 439: 6007: 5159:, which would last for over sixty years (1602–1663). Other European nations, such as Protestant England, assisted the 2792:

Over the following decades, Portuguese sailors continued to explore the coasts and islands of East Asia, establishing

2159: 15539: 14734: 14709: 13834: 12015: 11983: 11949: 11795: 11687: 11666: 11626: 11584: 11562: 11543: 11459: 11396: 11331: 11199: 11134: 11092: 11071: 11040: 10996: 10975: 10933: 10912: 10867: 10835: 10814: 10700: 10593: 10569: 10499: 10457: 10394: 10368: 10286: 10254: 10184: 9719: 8977: 8053: 8028: 7994: 7565: 6151: 6132: 6035: 5071: 4953: 4246:

in 1529, attributing the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain. The Portuguese traded regularly with the

4082:

In their first attempts at obtaining trading posts by force, the Portuguese were defeated by the Ming Chinese at the

3929: 2793: 2642: 1465: 495: 71: 10517:

Imperial Culture and Colonial Projects: The Portuguese-Speaking World from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries

5520:

failed, its leaders were arrested, and of the participants in the insurrections, the one of lowest social position,

1607: 1318: 17533: 17128: 14391: 14253: 14164: 9831: 7500: 6406: 4927: 4595: 2809: 2439: 2319: 2107: 1555: 1166: 65: 9463:

Vincent-Smith, J. D. (Sep 1974). "The Anglo-German Negotiations over the Portuguese Colonies in Africa, 1911–14".

5624:. Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. 17650: 17558: 17161: 17026: 16521: 15108: 14599: 14441: 14243: 12066: 12032: 10134:

Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region

6293:; member states (blue), associate observers (green), and officially-interested countries & territories (gold) 5995: 4793:

industry demanded intensive labor that would be met with Native American and, later, African slaves. Deeming the

3740:

Almeida refused to turn over power and soon placed Albuquerque under house arrest, where he remained until 1509.

3649:

of Portuguese India, establishing the Portuguese government in the east. That year the Portuguese also conquered

3331: 2758: 2456: 2194: 2052: 2017: 1982: 1962: 1622: 1392: 1279: 15683: 14113: 9049:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/pinto-revolt-murals-to-adorn-candolim-road/articleshow/56129402.cms

5967: 3828: 3200:. Once this psychological barrier had been crossed, it became easier to probe further along the coast. In 1443, 17345: 17178: 17116: 15280: 14802: 12086: 10734:

The Asian Mediterranean: Port Cities and Trading Networks in China, Japan and Southeast Asia, 13th–21st Century

10535:

An Earth-colored Sea: Race, Culture And The Politics Of Identity In The Post-colonial Portuguese-speaking World

9880: 7767: 6124: 6097: 6058: 6053:

with the People's Republic of China to establish the process and conditions for the transfer of sovereignty of

5740:

The King's reaction to the ultimatum was exploited by republicans. On February 1, 1908, King Carlos and Prince

5097: 4267: 3381: 3243:

Map of Western Africa by Lázaro Luis (1563). The large castle in West Africa represents the São Jorge da Mina (

3201: 2957: 2953: 2833: 2647: 2540: 2309: 2184: 2037: 1977: 1907: 1737: 1570: 1434: 1411: 774: 198: 14619: 6202: 5922: 5901: 4999:

of France in exchange for the promise to cede Brazil. Spanish forces eventually captured the islands in 1583.

2879: 17553: 17462: 16959: 15154: 15113: 15078: 14765: 14067: 14028: 12056: 10561: 6622:, p. 56: Henry, a product of 15th-century Portugal, was inspired by both religious and economic factors. 6388: 6073:

on December 20, 1999, officially marked the end of the Portuguese Empire and the end of colonialism in Asia.

5946: 4642: 4299: 4137: 3880: 3695: 2550: 2189: 1657: 1376: 1355: 14987: 9947: 5844: 3319: 1266: 830: 17620: 16954: 16838: 15461: 15304: 15242: 15028: 15023: 14719: 14486: 14041: 14015: 5821: 5669: 5240:

Flag of Portugal (1667–1706). From the 15th–19th centuries the Portuguese flags all looked similar to this.

5101: 4707: 3601:) and a trading post that was the first European settlement in India. They established a trading center at 2825: 2518: 2032: 1987: 1535: 1458: 1396: 1380: 1293: 1121: 1091: 994: 7581: 7290:

Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania by Barbara A. West. Infobase Publishing, 2009. p. 800

5824:, Portugal regained control of all its lost territory, but did not retain possession (by the principle of 5090:

was sent by Dutch merchants to Lisbon, to gather as much information as he could about the Spice Islands.

4757:(Capitanias Hereditárias) to grantees rich enough to support settlement, as had been done successfully in 4725:

to press an effort to establish effective occupation of the territory. In 1531, a royal expedition led by

4363: 3617:) city in (1503) in 1502, which became the centre of trade in pepper, and after founding manufactories at 3120:

that was rumoured to exist somewhere in the "Indies". Under his sponsorship, soon the Atlantic islands of

17512: 17507: 17123: 16964: 16001: 15446: 15174: 15088: 14982: 14897: 14882: 14669: 12046: 8721: 6085: 5991: 5781: 5211: 5144: 4816:, at the Bay of All Saints in 1549. Among de Sousa's 1000 man expedition were soldiers, workers, and six 4235: 3948: 3513: 3509: 3070:

trans-Saharan caravans merely shifted their routes to bypass Ceuta and/or used alternative Muslim ports.

2637: 2369: 2314: 1261: 1116: 1084: 872: 156: 121: 14381: 7477:

Hong Kong & Macau 14 By Andrew Stone, Piera Chen, Chung Wah Chow Lonely Planet, 2010. pp. 20–21

4961: 3306:

In 1469, after prince Henry's death and as a result of meagre returns of the African explorations, King

2072: 17610: 17568: 17563: 17019: 15103: 15073: 14957: 14927: 14416: 14406: 14291: 14284: 11901:

Exiles, Allies, Rebels: Brazil's Indianist Movement, Indigenist Politics, and the Imperial Nation-State

5610: 5245: 5117: 4921: 4678: 4493: 4259: 4045: 3876: 3764: 3518: 2434: 2364: 1967: 1767: 1757: 1672: 1196: 1041: 361: 9037: 8704: 4992: 4658: 4207: 2399: 17645: 17605: 17538: 17292: 17253: 16922: 16070: 15634: 15093: 15033: 15007: 14977: 14972: 14456: 14451: 5912:, decolonization movements began to gain momentum in the empires of the European powers. The ensuing 5773: 5105: 5028:

However, the union meant that Spain dragged Portugal into its conflicts with England, France and the

4824:. The Jesuits would have an essential role in the colonization of Brazil, including São Vicente, and 4710:

traded for brazilwood after making contact in southern Brazil a year later. Expeditions sponsored by

4674: 4359: 4330:

The Portuguese empire expanded into the Persian Gulf, contesting control of the spice trade with the

4129: 3947:

in India in 1510. He encouraged Portuguese settlers to marry local women, built a church in honor of

2597: 2560: 2506: 2409: 2224: 2047: 1947: 1842: 1677: 1642: 1602: 1400: 1342: 1251: 1231: 4861: 3943:, on November 25 of the same year it was recaptured. In Goa, Albuquerque began the first Portuguese 2555: 16880: 16855: 16705: 16364: 16359: 15376: 15341: 15321: 15179: 15144: 14892: 14758: 10883:

Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, Volume 2

9514: 7001: 6066: 6046:

resulted in a majority of East Timorese choosing independence, which was finally achieved in 2002.

5983: 5785: 5690: 5318: 5207: 5156: 4865: 4406: 4215: 4125: 3505: 3338:

fleet attempted to wrest control of this lucrative trade, but were decisively defeated in the 1478

2930: 2491: 2461: 2374: 2304: 2249: 2112: 2082: 1882: 1832: 1827: 1797: 1787: 1697: 1652: 1627: 1617: 1585: 1545: 1388: 1046: 746: 348: 14554: 9354: 5749: 5517: 5350:

by the Portuguese crown and two brothers were granted a coat of arms in 1770, and included in the

3989:' in the Age of Discovery. Afonso de Albuquerque's strategy to encircle the Indian Ocean is shown. 3045: 17615: 17543: 17201: 16947: 16828: 16369: 16322: 16265: 15964: 15908: 15656: 15404: 15351: 15326: 15232: 15191: 15184: 14997: 14729: 10713:

Africa and the World: An Introduction to the History of Sub-Saharan Africa from Antiquity to 1840

10449:

Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonization in the Portuguese Empire, 1550–1755

10020: 6170: 6002:. Portugal's new ruling authorities also recognized Goa and other Portuguese India's territories 5971: 5926: 5868: 5800: 5620:, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new 5187: 5155:

The Dutch took their fight overseas, attacking Spanish and Portuguese colonies and beginning the

5082:, which was loaded with 900 tons of merchandise from India and China estimated at half a million 5075: 5010: 4471:

After a series of prolonged contacts with Ethiopia, the Portuguese embassy made contact with the

4402: 4383: 4339: 4263: 3783: 3775:. In retaliation, the Portuguese fought and destroyed the Mamluks and Gujarati fleets in the sea 2973: 2918: 2632: 2513: 2424: 2414: 2384: 2329: 2294: 2234: 2169: 2144: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2042: 2022: 2002: 1957: 1867: 1862: 1802: 1782: 1752: 1742: 1702: 1590: 1305: 413: 374: 14346: 11975: 11787:

Goa Through the Ages: An Economic History, Issue 6 of Goa University publication series Volume 2

10671: 9025: 6127:

that remain politically linked to Portugal. Although Portugal began the process of decolonizing

5375:

Thus, throughout the century, Brazil gained increasing importance to the empire, which exported

3731:, they instead followed a strategy intended to close off commerce to and from the Indian Ocean. 3550: 2782: 17367: 17196: 16969: 16870: 16865: 16553: 16501: 16421: 16354: 16258: 16243: 16136: 15903: 15857: 15698: 15585: 15431: 15159: 14992: 14937: 14932: 14912: 14654: 14614: 14436: 14376: 14123: 13568: 13214: 11514: 11407: 6451: 5975: 5958:, a remnant of the West African slave trade, was annexed by the new government of Dahomey (now 5934: 5730: 5609:(Portuguese Constitutional Courts), the Parliament that assembled in Lisbon in the wake of the 5574: 5545: 5448: 5018: 4726: 4602:, and it became the major trading port in Japan in the triangular trade with China and Europe. 4489: 4481: 3799: 3590:, the Portuguese were well-received and seen as allies, as they obtained a permit to build the 3083: 2889:

made some ill-fated attempts to cling on to its last remaining colonies. Under the ideology of

2883: 2868: 2840: 2829: 2719: 2451: 2289: 2254: 2239: 2149: 2139: 2097: 2092: 1942: 1937: 1887: 1817: 1692: 1560: 1299: 1206: 1156: 387: 11878: 11806: 11428: 11342: 11302: 11210: 11145: 11124: 11103: 11082: 11051:

The Decolonization of Portuguese Africa: Metropolitan Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire

10986: 10965: 10923: 10902: 10774: 10732: 10711: 10297: 10081: 10047: 8967: 8747: 8746:(4th ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 7337: 4730: 4587: 4511:

and its ruler Ngola Kiljuane in 1520, after the latter requested missionaries. Kongolese king

4455: 3772: 3658: 3570: 3549:) in south-western India in May 1498. The second voyage to India was dispatched in 1500 under 2164: 17447: 17312: 16900: 16860: 16673: 16548: 15612: 15602: 15561: 15532: 15426: 15356: 15331: 15290: 15206: 15164: 15149: 15061: 15038: 14917: 14714: 14461: 14371: 13922: 12541: 12498: 12428: 11899: 11743: 11723:

Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil: The High Court of Bahia and Its Judges, 1609–1751

11637: 11595: 11273: 11252: 11166: 11061: 11007: 10944: 10825: 10583: 10489: 10447: 10016: 9628: 9377: 7757: 6461: 6456: 5803:, Portuguese personnel established logging infrastructure in an area now referred to as the " 5757: 5633: 5305: 4957: 4754: 4715: 4650: 4398: 4231: 3890: 3853: 3712: 3461: 3448: 3432: 3300: 2821: 2344: 2324: 2244: 2209: 2102: 2077: 2027: 1952: 1877: 1792: 1732: 1540: 1418: 1384: 1256: 187: 16788: 14300: 11785: 11501:(1953). Asia and Western dominance, 1498–1945, by K.M. Panikkar. London: G. Allen and Unwin. 11482:

Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770–1850

10690: 9711: 9151: 8779: 6210: 6131:

in 1975, during 1999–2002 was sometimes considered Portugal's last remaining colony, as the

4718:. By 1531, the French had stationed a trading post off of an island on the Brazilian coast. 3819: 2565: 17502: 17497: 17437: 17372: 17277: 16993: 16823: 16793: 16668: 16599: 16570: 16489: 15823: 15661: 15651: 15451: 15361: 15127: 15002: 13692: 13227: 12439: 9186:"The great escape? The contribution of the empire to Portugal's economic growth, 1500–1800" 7578:"When Portugal Ruled the Seas | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine" 6446: 6018: 5979: 5872: 5804: 5734: 5681: 5506: 5132:

in 1600, and the Dutch East India Company in 1602. These developments allowed the entry of

5047: 4917: 4686: 4579: 4575: 4563: 4521: 4497: 4410: 4379: 4318: 4308: 4140:

and rented Macau as a trading post from China by paying annual lease of hundreds of silver

4095: 3776: 3756: 3748: 3642: 3638: 3587: 3453: 3405: 3307: 3233: 3180: 2926: 2389: 2354: 2299: 2012: 1917: 1762: 1325: 1176: 1126: 1061: 705: 663: 426: 16773: 11168:

Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere (2 Volumes)

8021:

Possessed by the Virgin: Hinduism, Roman Catholicism, and Marian Possession in South India

5172: 4821: 4386:

and a hospital. In the Azores, the Islands Armada protected the ships en route to Lisbon.

4358:

Albuquerque's expedition in that same year and another attempt by Albuquerque's successor

3362:, with which it soon developed a rapport. During his 1485–86 expedition, Cão continued to 3347: 3342:, which firmly established an exclusive Portuguese control. In 1481, the recently crowned 2781:

reached India. In 1500, either by an accidental landfall or by the crown's secret design,

2339: 1897: 8: 17467: 17397: 17340: 17257: 17083: 16685: 16565: 16531: 16433: 16253: 16248: 16060: 15779: 15715: 15590: 15575: 15485: 15396: 15371: 15346: 15285: 15260: 15220: 14877: 14871: 14793: 14704: 14694: 14649: 14579: 14564: 14361: 14332: 14090: 13712: 10645:

History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 2, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807

10626:

History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 1, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807

9907: 8638: 6365: 6248: 5694: 5594: 5586: 5351: 5297: 5215: 5133: 5087: 4996: 4913: 4762: 4711: 4516:

ambassadors from Sao Tome support Ndongo against the Kingdom of Kongo. However, when the

4485: 4439: 4435: 4323: 4057: 4053: 3952: 3436: 3371: 3343: 3326:

gold trade among the natives and visiting Arab and Berber traders at the port then named

3101: 3054: 3000: 2906: 2890: 2856: 2848: 2750: 2715: 2678: 2666: 2394: 2334: 1927: 1812: 1717: 1632: 1612: 1371: 1003: 691: 481: 111: 47: 16401: 16391: 14604: 12051: 11994: 11597:

Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 2

11509:

Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century

9348: 7989:

Yosaburō Takekoshi, "The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan",

5367: 4881: 4429:

and passing through Bassein to pay duties and allow the horse trade. After Mughal ruler

4409:

with the Portuguese, establishing an alliance to regain the country, giving in exchange

4017: 3975: 3708: 3689: 3260: 3026: 2956:, both had overwhelmingly Portuguese populations, and Lisbon subsequently changed their 2711: 271: 17573: 17477: 17261: 17213: 17208: 17111: 17101: 17058: 17050: 16798: 16778: 16761: 16712: 16577: 16386: 16337: 16270: 16188: 16129: 16124: 16119: 16075: 16045: 15937: 15835: 15703: 15678: 15414: 15409: 15336: 15265: 15247: 14860: 14549: 14496: 14401: 13623: 12204: 11968: 11721: 11507: 11188: 10664: 10383: 9496: 9488: 7963: 6466: 6441: 6411: 6174: 5582: 5529: 5277: 5164: 5129: 4949: 4941: 4885: 4841: 4806: 4690: 4559: 4291: 4243: 4223: 4076: 3967: 3933: 3857: 3567:

licensing system, granting merchant ships protection against pirates and rival states.

3128:(1427) were reached and started to be settled, producing wheat for export to Portugal. 2965: 2805: 2466: 2264: 2229: 2122: 1837: 1822: 1682: 1580: 1565: 1423: 1111: 1066: 1031: 579: 537: 175: 14589: 10857: 9801: 5308:

and at the end of confrontations with the Dutch, Portugal was only able to cling onto

5051:

Dutch and English warships engaging a Portuguese galleon at the Battle of Cadis, 1608.

5003:

the "entradas" (entries), and by private initiative, the "bandeiras" (flags), by the "

17452: 17427: 17407: 17377: 17267: 17249: 17218: 17151: 17068: 17042: 16803: 16739: 16734: 16663: 16560: 16275: 16203: 16198: 16040: 15969: 15952: 15947: 15942: 15742: 15693: 15501: 15456: 15441: 15386: 15366: 15316: 15237: 15083: 14689: 14659: 14609: 14501: 14351: 13509: 12792: 12785: 12739: 12614: 12508: 12250: 12191: 12011: 11979: 11945: 11924: 11905: 11884: 11856: 11849: 11833: 11812: 11791: 11770: 11749: 11728: 11683: 11662: 11643: 11622: 11601: 11580: 11558: 11539: 11518: 11485: 11455: 11451:

Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia, Volume 2

11434: 11413: 11392: 11371: 11364: 11348: 11327: 11306: 11295: 11279: 11258: 11237: 11216: 11195: 11172: 11151: 11130: 11109: 11088: 11067: 11036: 11029: 11013: 10992: 10971: 10950: 10929: 10908: 10887: 10863: 10831: 10810: 10803: 10780: 10759: 10738: 10717: 10696: 10675: 10648: 10629: 10610: 10589: 10579: 10565: 10554: 10538: 10495: 10474: 10453: 10432: 10411: 10390: 10364: 10343: 10324: 10303: 10282: 10250: 10229: 10201: 10180: 10159: 10138: 10117: 10057: 9851: 9715: 9634: 9500: 9480: 9383: 9157: 9021: 8973: 8914: 8881: 8785: 8751: 8740: 8658: 8247: 8049: 8024: 7990: 7970: 7763: 7664: 7561: 7521: 7458: 7431: 7404: 7377: 7343: 7307: 6222: 6105: 6062: 6014: 5880: 5753: 5641: 5637: 5606: 5563: 5525: 5497: 5489: 5343: 5180: 5168: 5041: 4984: 4969: 4903: 4869: 4802: 4670: 4666: 4544: 4526: 4512: 4508: 4295: 4271: 4002: 3287: 3105: 3066: 3050: 3010: 2961: 2952:

to China in 1999. The only overseas possessions to remain under Portuguese rule, the

2914: 2894: 2774: 2727: 2627: 2570: 2419: 2349: 2279: 1932: 1922: 1892: 1687: 1647: 1287: 1201: 1106: 914: 719: 649: 607: 551: 523: 296: 217: 12092: 10520: 8848:

Willem Floor, "Dutch Relations with the Persian Gulf", in Lawrence G. Potter (ed.),

8617: 6259: 6233: 6081: 5982:", one of the first acts of the MFA-led government which then came into power – the 5250: 4771: 4703: 4008:

The Portuguese empire pushed further south and proceeded to discover Timor in 1512.

2812:

in 1580, there began a 60-year union between Spain and Portugal known to subsequent

2796:

and factories as they went. By 1571, a string of naval outposts connected Lisbon to

17442: 17357: 17302: 17272: 17223: 17183: 17166: 17156: 17091: 17063: 16756: 16543: 16538: 16494: 16481: 16411: 16379: 16374: 16238: 16233: 16215: 16176: 16109: 16092: 16033: 16023: 16018: 15959: 15915: 15885: 15845: 15828: 15811: 15774: 15525: 15381: 14865: 14574: 14356: 14268: 13758: 13734: 13702: 13154: 12749: 11084:

Colonialism and Postcolonial Development Spanish America in Comparative Perspective

9707: 9472: 9207: 9197: 6421: 6373: 6264: 6244: 6128: 6054: 5929: 5890: 5817: 5645: 5621: 5577:

crippled the Portuguese Empire, both economically and politically, for a long time.

5472: 5396: 5033: 4829: 4817: 4813: 4607: 4504: 4472: 4375: 4331: 4275: 4227: 4180: 4156: 4083: 4009: 3998: 3971: 3845: 3501: 3440: 3393: 3359: 3339: 3335: 3290:

capital to produce the "sweet salt" that was rare in Europe. Already cultivated in

3215: 3022: 2949: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2839:

The third era of empire covers the final stage of Portuguese colonialism after the

2746: 2587: 2486: 2429: 2404: 2284: 2274: 2214: 2204: 2154: 2134: 1872: 1847: 1772: 1747: 1637: 1575: 1101: 1024: 760: 733: 621: 509: 14584: 14544: 11409:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor: Volume 1

6353:, India, an example of Portuguese architecture and one of Asia's largest churches. 4798: 3893:. Albuquerque is credited with laying the foundations of Portuguese power in Asia. 3415:

As the Portuguese explored the coastlines of Africa, they left behind a series of

17482: 17457: 17245: 17228: 17073: 16974: 16942: 16815: 16783: 16766: 16722: 16717: 16695: 16690: 16648: 16641: 16616: 16476: 16471: 16312: 16193: 16087: 16082: 16050: 15875: 15865: 15759: 15752: 15747: 15732: 15688: 15570: 15556: 15506: 15419: 15275: 15169: 14559: 14539: 14529: 14446: 14080: 14002: 13356: 12338: 12005: 11939: 11827: 11677: 11656: 11616: 11533: 11449: 11321: 11231: 10881: 10827:

Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585–1660

10604: 10527: 10405: 10318: 10276: 10244: 10223: 10195: 10153: 9858: 8241: 7792: 7557: 7452: 7425: 7398: 7301: 6431: 6165:

For instance, as Portuguese merchants were presumably the first to introduce the

6155: 6003: 5885: 5792: 5745: 5481: 5301: 5265: 5175:. The Dutch also had regional control of the lucrative sugar-producing region of 4746: 4611: 4444: 4287: 4247: 4152: 4111: 4107: 3963: 3768: 3700: 3654: 3389: 3358:

in 1482. It was during this expedition that the Portuguese first encountered the

3140: 3034: 2770: 2723: 2617: 2582: 2481: 2359: 2259: 2199: 1912: 1902: 1777: 1712: 1662: 1448: 400: 322: 16396: 14534: 11639:

Fidalgos and Philanthropists: The Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Bahia, 1550–1755

10155:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century

9350:

History of England: From the Roman Invasion to the Accession of Queen Victoria I

6253: 5264:

saluting the squadron of Admiral Ball at Malta in 1798. In the 18th century the

4583: 3315: 3131: 1484: 17432: 17422: 17417: 17412: 17392: 17382: 17297: 17240: 17133: 17096: 16917: 16912: 16875: 16850: 16833: 16744: 16729: 16700: 16658: 16506: 16466: 16461: 16416: 16342: 16302: 16292: 16282: 16097: 15976: 15870: 15737: 15619: 14947: 14594: 13633: 13472: 12915: 12875: 12571: 12299: 12178: 12081: 11498: 11054: 10053: 9600: 6120: 5825: 5713:

In the 19th century, Portugal launched campaigns to solidify Portuguese Africa.

5704: 5199: 5191: 5093: 5083: 5037: 5029: 5022: 4987:. All the Portuguese colonies accepted the new state of affairs except for the 4973: 4932: 4889: 4571: 4477: 4464: 4335: 4079:

to sail to China in order to pioneer European trade relations with the nation.

3897: 3849: 3678: 3579: 3574:"Vasco da Gama Meets the Zamorin of Calicut", painting by Veloso Salgado, 1898. 3311: 3268: 3037:(in present-day Morocco). It offered the opportunity to continue the Christian 2977: 2813: 2612: 2602: 1972: 1722: 942: 635: 125: 100: 9476: 8642: 4873: 3981: 3767:

along with the Gujarati sultanate attacked Portuguese forces in the harbor of

2836:

that swept the Americas during the early 19th century, it broke away in 1822.

2496: 17594: 17528: 17327: 16998: 16885: 16680: 16653: 16626: 16604: 16582: 16349: 16332: 16317: 16161: 16114: 16102: 16028: 15920: 15794: 15789: 15764: 15646: 14922: 14491: 14396: 13482: 13438: 13069: 12956: 12237: 9902: 9749: 9484: 8662: 7303:

Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands

5942: 5848: 5698: 5685: 5590: 5496:, who protected the natives against slavery, were brutally suppressed by the 5432:

amount of gold to keep the excesses, which in turn led to the possibility of

5293: 5282: 5183:, but the Portuguese regained these territories after considerable struggle. 5079: 4976: 4937: 4909: 4837: 4766: 4355: 4250:

from 1530 and described the capital of Brunei as surrounded by a stone wall.

4099: 3923: 3591: 3534: 3522: 3485: 3469: 3244: 3170: 2942: 2817: 2778: 2501: 1997: 1667: 1171: 1151: 956: 802: 335: 229: 16426: 16406: 13833:

1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent

10795:

Portuguese Decolonization in the Indian Ocean World: History and Ethnography

6057:, its last remaining overseas possession. While this process was similar to 4995:, a Portuguese rival claimant to the throne who had garnered the support of 4032:, where they encountered Muslims, Hindus, and Portuguese deserters known as 3759:

due to his suspicions of traders from the region possessing more power. The

17487: 17317: 17188: 17106: 16890: 16631: 16621: 16587: 16516: 16511: 16438: 16228: 16210: 16171: 16166: 16146: 16141: 16013: 16006: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15880: 15818: 15799: 15784: 15720: 14962: 14679: 14431: 14426: 14421: 13659: 13019: 12839: 12551: 11766:

The Portuguese in the East: A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Empire

9558:

German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net

9553: 6346: 6166: 5918: 5909: 5839:

Portuguese territories in Africa eventually included the modern nations of

5651: 5513: 5391:

in Brazil. Major discoveries of gold and, later, diamonds in Minas Gerais,

5388: 5203: 5186:

Meanwhile, in the Persian Gulf region, the Portuguese also lost control of

5176: 5160: 5004: 4637: 4517: 4283: 4279: 4211: 4203: 4049: 3986: 3724: 3560: 3264: 3209: 3193: 3117: 3109: 1221: 900: 593: 11829:

The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700: A Political and Economic History

9202: 9185: 5970:'s military (MFA) and working class, and the cost and unpopularity of the 5444:

the Portuguese were able to implant a political stronghold in the region.

5236: 4849: 4825: 4682: 3355: 17472: 17350: 17335: 17307: 17143: 16609: 16594: 16443: 16156: 16065: 16055: 15981: 15629: 15624: 14820: 14810: 14569: 13945: 13425: 13402: 13389: 13135: 12999: 12905: 10378: 9212: 8643:"The Presence of the "Portugals" in Macau and Japan in Richard Hakluyt's 5617: 5433: 5392: 5328:

The leaders of the plot were three prominent priests from the village of

5256: 4615: 4591: 4029: 3944: 3910: 3803: 3682: 3555: 3401: 3351: 3113: 3098: 3021:

in 1249, but its independence continued to be threatened by neighbouring

3005: 2766: 2754: 2703: 1014: 14289: 12451: 9827: 9630:

Paradigm Shift in Language Planning and Policy: Game-Theoretic Solutions

8246:. trans. by Arthur Irakel. Oxford University Press. pp. 35, 38–40. 5664: 4722: 3936:

in 1510 was soon countered by the Bijapuris, but with the help of Hindu

3839: 3468:

between the Portuguese and the Spanish along a north–south meridian 370

3239: 17235: 16636: 16453: 16327: 16287: 16220: 14855: 14845: 14213: 14187: 13789: 13739: 13079: 13039: 12662: 12594: 11647: 9492: 9150:

Ramasamy, SM.; Kumanan, C.J.; Sivakumar, R.; et al., eds. (2006).

6027: 5889:

In the 20th century, Portugal no longer called itself an empire, but a

5856: 5840: 5521: 5376: 5148: 4790: 4782: 4778: 4654: 4414: 4028:. The Portuguese eventually based their center of operations along the 4021: 4013: 3978:(along with Ferdinand Magellan) to explore the Indonesian archipelago. 3918: 3732: 3602: 3598: 3412:, suggesting that a sea route to the Indies would soon be forthcoming. 3363: 3272: 3205: 3014: 2902: 1852: 1096: 816: 677: 12462: 11275:

Family and Frontier in Colonial Brazil: Santana de Parnaíba, 1580–1822

11147:

Historic Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, Volume 1

4586:, and other traders arrived in Japan for the first time. According to 3901:

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Portuguese Empire of the East, or

3396:

on the coast of Africa, proving false the view that had existed since

17282: 16526: 16297: 16181: 16151: 15932: 15806: 15597: 14850: 14830: 14825: 14674: 13448: 13258: 12312: 12286: 12214: 11966:

White, Paula (2005). Bowman, John Stewart; Isserman, Maurice (eds.).

11031:

Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil

10246:

The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980

5925:, who had taken power in 1933. Salazar rebuffed a request in 1950 by 5726: 5485: 5437: 4857: 4836:. Subsequently, the French would resettle in Portuguese territory at 4662: 4115: 4062: 3937: 3914: 3736: 3670: 3546: 3538: 3473: 3457: 3427: 3377: 3279: 3197: 3179:

began exploring the Indian Ocean. In 1487, an overland expedition by

2765:, with the aim of finding a sea route to the source of the lucrative 1056: 1051: 17011: 14750: 12098: 10491:

The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism: 1870–1920

10017:"Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database: Sorting Citrus Names" 9764:"The Geographical Oddity of Fortaleza de Sao Joao Baptista de Ajuda" 7486:

Hong Kong & Macau by Jules Brown Rough Guides, 2002. p. 195

5897: 4350:

at the head of the Persian Gulf, establishing it as a vassal state.

3416: 2843:

in the 1820s. By then, the colonial possessions had been reduced to

2739: 17492: 17287: 15927: 15710: 15668: 15607: 15052: 14835: 14815: 14781: 13935: 13682: 13545: 13522: 13499: 13346: 13310: 12930: 12561: 12325: 12093:"Repression of Buddhism in Sri Lanka by the Portuguese (1505–1658)" 12077: 9876: 9863: 9038:

https://goemkarponn.com/cm-places-wreath-at-pintos-revolt-memorial/

5913: 5833: 5761: 5718: 5371:

Coat of Arms of the Pintos, awarded by the King of Portugal in 1770

5361: 5334: 5329: 5322: 4853: 4833: 4599: 4539: 4534: 4460: 4121: 4103: 4091: 4067: 3994: 3666: 3476:, the exact boundary was disputed by the two countries until 1777. 3464:

in 1494, which divided the world outside of Europe in an exclusive

3409: 3323: 3252: 3225: 3160: 2937:

by Indonesia. Decolonization prompted the exodus of nearly all the

2872: 2797: 981: 145: 139: 14200: 4904:

Iberian Union, Protestant rivalry, and colonial stasis (1580–1663)

4187: 4087: 3802:

and explorations: first arrival places and dates; main Portuguese

17362: 17173: 15840: 15769: 15725: 15580: 13883: 13812: 13769: 13646: 13379: 13273: 12976: 12925: 12705: 12636: 12584: 12531: 12227: 12071: 11851:

The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440–1870

9967: 9943: 8805: 8677: 6392: 6237: 6159: 6116: 5812: 5796: 5748:

in Lisbon by two Portuguese republican activist revolutionaries,

5501: 5493: 5452: 5402: 5347: 5058: 4965: 4758: 4430: 4426: 4425:. It also regulated the trade of Gujarati ships departing to the 4390: 4367: 4312: 4304: 3959: 3720: 3716: 3646: 3583: 3542: 3465: 3397: 3367: 3295: 3291: 3229: 3220: 3121: 3095: 3038: 3018: 2972:(CPLP) is the cultural successor of the Empire, analogous to the 2898: 2762: 15641: 11679:

The First Imperial Age, European Overseas Expansion c. 1400–1715

11618:

Viagem ao fundo das consciências: a escravatura na época moderna

10967:

Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume I: The Century of Discovery

10776:

Africa's Legacies Of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent

10666:

Islands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia

10470:

The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632)

7695:

Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p. 37

6213:. Related names can be found in other languages, such as Arabic 6173:

the fruit has been named after them. Some examples are Albanian

4222:

Portuguese operations in Asia did not go unnoticed, and in 1521

4210:. A significant portion of the crews on Portuguese ships on the 3116:

and perhaps to join forces with the fabled Christian kingdom of

15673: 15548: 13897: 13672: 13366: 13199: 13178: 13029: 12934: 12895: 12885: 12683: 12625: 12485: 12418: 12351: 12273: 8723:

The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies...

6112: 5955: 5852: 5829: 5488:

created there functioned under a centralized administration in

5339: 5273: 5063: 4988: 4781:

and São Vicente, prospered. Both were dedicated to the crop of

4418: 4394: 4371: 4343: 4239: 4176: 4172: 4147: 4118: 3940: 3760: 3674: 3662: 3650: 3634: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3606: 3564: 3327: 3283: 3256: 3125: 2786: 1071: 95: 86:

Areas of the world that were once part of the Portuguese Empire

12812: 11105:

Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean

10805:

A History of Latin America: From the Beginnings to the Present

10585:

Inhuman Bondage: The Rise And Fall of Slavery in the New World

10049:

The Europeans: A Geography of People, Culture, and Environment

8943:, vol. 4, pp. 254–255. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996. 8778:

Bowen, H. V.; Lincoln, Margarette; Rigby, Nigel, eds. (2002).

6150:

Canada, the US and Venezuela. In addition, there are numerous

5516:

attempted to achieve the same objective in 1789. However, the

4234:, since there was no set limit to the east. The expedition of 16307: 14840: 14330: 13779: 13415: 13336: 13286: 13165: 13059: 13049: 12966: 12946: 12862: 12852: 12778: 12604: 12472: 12168: 9149: 8046:

American History from a Global Perspective: An Interpretation

6369: 6023: 5959: 5722: 5701:

were among the first Europeans to cross Africa west to east.

5673: 5357: 5286: 4845: 4741: 4422: 4347: 4141: 3728: 3526: 3255:

trade post overseas was established in 1445 on the island of

3062: 2753:

would eventually expand across the globe. In the wake of the

2735: 886: 858: 565: 8999:

History of the Konkan by Alexander Kyd Nairne pp. 84–85

5705:

British Ultimatum and end of Portuguese monarchy (1890–1910)

4706:

reported French raids on the Brazilian coasts, and explorer

4106:

in 1548 where several Portuguese were captured and near the

2921:

in Africa lasted from 1961 until the final overthrow of the

13009: 8532: 8530: 6826: 5709: 5195: 4733:, in 1532. Sousa returned to Lisbon a year later to become 4547:, to the point of installing client kings upon its throne. 4351: 3822:, depicting a Portuguese nobleman with his retinue in India 3144: 15517: 13837:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized. 10946:

South East Asia, Colonial History: Imperialism before 1800

10880:

Juang, Richard M.; Morrissette, Noelle Anne, eds. (2008).

9244: 8956:, vol. 5, p. 2. New York: Charles A. Scribner's Sons 1996. 8952:

Francis A. Dutra, "Salvador Correia de Sá e Benavides" in

5476:

Plan of the city of S. Sebastião (Rio de Janeiro) in 1820.

5406:

Provinces of the Portuguese Empire in the Americas by 1817

13240: 8719: 7965:

Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-year History

7759:

A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk

7549:

p. 343–344, Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank,

7427:

The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art

6350: 5938: 5314: 5309: 5112:, showing the main street of Portuguese Goa in the 1580s. 4721:

The increase in brazilwood smuggling from the French led

2745:

The Portuguese Empire originated at the beginning of the

11212:

History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497–1600

11009:

Paula Rego's Map of Memory: National and Sexual Politics

10801:

Herring, Hubert Clinton; Herring, Helen Baldwin (1968).

8527: 8291: 8065: 5684:

in the 19th century, Portugal had lost its territory in

5292:

After the Portuguese were defeated by the Indian rulers

5015:

The Recovery of São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos

4714:

along the North American coast directly violated of the

3491: 10510:

Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire

10407:

Portuguese Trade in Asia Under the Habsburgs, 1580–1640

9184:

Costa, Leonor Freire; Palma, Nuno; Reis, Jaime (2015).

7930: 7894: 6982: 6437:

Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal

5904:

sought the preservation of a pluricontinental Portugal.

4621: 4253: 4016:

in 1526, naming it the "Island of the Papua". In 1517,

3187: 7882: 7372:

Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John King (1978).

6142:. Together with Portugal, they are now members of the 5467: 4785:, and the settlers managed to maintain alliances with 3909:

By the end of 1509, Albuquerque became viceroy of the

3665:(modern Sri Lanka), where he discovered the source of 11970:

Exploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500–1500

11921:

Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction

11366:

History of Portugal: From Lusitania to Empire; Vol. 1

11323:

A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1668

11254:

Go-Betweens and the Colonization of Brazil: 1500–1600

9633:. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, Inc. p. 98. 9097: 9095: 9070: 9068: 8421: 8419: 7942: 7911: 7909: 7715: 7713: 7236: 6263:, literally "(the) Portuguese (one)", in contrast to 5998:), creating over a million Portuguese refugees – the 5382: 4590:, who claimed to be in this journey, they arrived at 3840:

Trade with Maritime Asia, Africa and the Indian Ocean

3275:

Islands were discovered in 1456 and settled in 1462.

3228:, advancing at an average rate of one degree a year. 13854: 11448:

Page, Melvin E.; Sonnenburg, Penny M., eds. (2003).

10338:

Bethencourt, Francisco; Curto, Diogo Ramada (2007).

10225:

Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World

9403: 8339: 8197: 8138:

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8129: 8127: 8125: 7725: 7100: 7098: 6333:

Main sea explorations, routes and areas of influence

4880:

period, Manuel de Nóbrega, along with fellow Jesuit

14953:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

14665:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

11941:

Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926

11762: 11361: 10824:Heywood, Linda M.; Thornton, John K., eds. (2007). 10556:

The North Atlantic World in the Seventeenth Century

10078:"ONU: Petição para tornar português língua oficial" 10039: 9277: 9220: 9107: 8939:Francis A. Dutra. "Overseas Council (Portugal)" in 8285: 8273: 8179: 7400:

China and Europe Since 1978: A European Perspective

7110: 7083: 7059: 7023: 6934: 6886: 6778: 6427:

List of topics on the Portuguese Empire in the East

5828:) of territories gained during the war, except for 5599:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

5554:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

4848:to report the French intrusion, Joao III appointed 14700:List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown 11967: 11848: 11720: 11700:MIGRAÇÃO SOB CONTRATO: A OPINIÃO DE EÇA DE QUEIROZ 11614: 11571:Priolkar, A.K. The Goa Inquisition (Bombay, 1961). 11506: 11363: 11294: 11187: 11028: 10802: 10663: 10553: 10382: 10360:War in the World: A Comparative History, 1450–1600 10173:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2010). 9972: 9782: 9456: 9232: 9092: 9065: 8954:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 8941:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 8739: 8595: 8593: 8416: 8158: 8101: 7962: 7906: 7872: 7870: 7710: 7636: 7570: 7551:The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8 7226: 7224: 6705: 6508: 6059:the agreement between the United Kingdom and China 4657:in 1497 and 1498). To that end, in 1499 and 1500, 3866: 10045: 8972:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 180. 8777: 8771: 8377: 8375: 8267: 8175: 8173: 8122: 7846: 7698: 7371: 7293: 7175: 7173: 7122: 7095: 6603: 6601: 4801:as first governor and selecting a capital at the 4770:India and senior officials of the court, such as 4503:The Portuguese also made direct contact with the 4500:in 1543, the joint Adal-Ottoman force retreated. 2845:forts and plantations along the African coastline 1514: 17592: 14720:Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (current pretender) 14633:Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique 14626:Juvarra's Project for the Royal Palace in Lisbon 11996:The Rise of Portuguese Power in India, 1497–1550 10879: 10337: 10194:Arnold, James R.; Wiener, Roberta, eds. (2012). 10046:Ostergren, Robert C.; Le Bossé, Mathias (2011). 9830:. Government Printing Bureau (Macao SAR). 1987. 8720:Burnell, Arthur Coke; et al., eds. (1885), 8536: 8503: 8452: 8303: 8297: 8221: 8077: 8071: 7029: 6892: 6784: 6514: 6484: 4673:explored what is today the Canadian province of 4024:, and by 1528, the Portuguese had established a 3282:in Madeira started in 1455, using advisers from 2726:in European history, lasting 584 years from the 2697: 2687: 39: 17681:1999 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire 14274:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia 14264:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 13975: 11233:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India 10823: 10606:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580 10424: 9704:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History 9681: 9679: 9328: 9298: 9265: 9131: 9119: 8855: 8830: 8590: 8243:Chapters of Brazil's Colonial History 1500–1800 8209: 8089: 8000: 7936: 7900: 7867: 7755: 7221: 7146: 6910: 6898: 6814: 6729: 6532: 5078:a large Portuguese carrack off the Azores, the 4777:Of the fifteen original captaincies, only two, 4194:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 4188:Spice Islands (Moluccas) and Treaty of Zaragoza 3862:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 3422: 3392:rounded the southern tip of Africa and reached 3303:would propel the investment in future travels. 678:Parts of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata 11447: 11340: 11190:Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700 10800: 9869: 9183: 8702: 8481: 8479: 8440: 8387: 8372: 8279: 8185: 8170: 8146: 8133: 8107: 7704: 7170: 7134: 7047: 6874: 6802: 6662: 6613: 6598: 6520: 6490: 6138:Eight of the former colonies of Portugal have 4463:unload cargo in Lisbon. Original engraving by 4094:. In 1521, the Portuguese lost 2 ships at the 3818:16th century Portuguese illustration from the 3498:Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India 3435:meridian divided the world between the crowns 2507:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63) 17691:States and territories disestablished in 1999 17027: 15533: 14766: 14316: 12114: 11388:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 11101: 10603:Diffie, Bailey W.; Winius, George D. (1977). 10425:Chesworth, John; Thomas, David, eds. (2015). 10011: 10009: 9903:"Cataloging Policy and Support Office: Macau" 9462: 9444: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9143: 8877:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 7731: 7299: 7248: 6034:. However, East Timor was almost immediately 6006:, as Indian territories. Benin's claims over 5862: 5756:. Luís Filipe's brother, Manuel, became King 5717:The project to connect the two colonies, the 5566:sought the disbandment of the United Kingdom. 4382:became a strategic port, and there was built 3310:granted the monopoly of trade in part of the 3090:European enclaves in North Africa before 1830 1500: 1466: 17676:1415 establishments in the Portuguese Empire 16990:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 11825: 11654: 11635: 11433:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 11344:Port Cities of Atlantic Iberia, c. 1500–1900 10925:The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters 10692:Portugal: A Twentieth Century Interpretation 10602: 10193: 10104: 9788: 9676: 8566: 8542: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8345: 8315: 8233: 8227: 8083: 7677: 7522:"'Portugal's Discovery in China' on Display" 7158: 7152: 7128: 7116: 7089: 7065: 7035: 6988: 6940: 6916: 6904: 6832: 6820: 6735: 6711: 6668: 6619: 6607: 6526: 5221: 4844:. While a Portuguese ambassador was sent to 12007:Choque Luso No Japão Dos Séculos XVI e XVII 10921: 10709: 10172: 10111: 10080:. Diario.iol.pt. 2005-11-17. Archived from 9533: 9369: 9137: 9080: 8959: 8491: 8476: 8327: 8048:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 314. 7624: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7457:. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 12. 7444: 7397:Edmonds, Richard L., ed. (September 2002). 7390: 7376:. Cambridge University Press. p. 336. 7272: 7260: 7071: 7041: 7002:"Thangasseri, Kollam, Dutch Quilon, Kerala" 6970: 6958: 6808: 6717: 5627: 5356:This was the first anti-colonial revolt in 4812:Tomé de Sousa built the capital of Brazil, 4155:, during the golden age of colonization of 3922:and Gujarat, as well as its prominence for 3699:exemplified the might and the force of the 3510:Indian Ocean trade § Portuguese period 3408:, traveling secretly overland, had reached 3073: 2983: 17686:States and territories established in 1415 17034: 17020: 15540: 15526: 14773: 14759: 14323: 14309: 12121: 12107: 11918: 11745:Goa-Kanara Portuguese Relations, 1498–1763 11513:. University of California Press. p. 11126:The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624 10710:Gann, Louis Henry; Duignan, Peter (1972). 10532: 10006: 9620: 9471:(3). Cambridge University Press: 620–629. 9427: 9415: 9340: 8578: 8554: 8018: 7954: 7209: 7185: 6862: 6838: 6754: 6685:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDaus1983 ( 6625: 6549: 6547: 6291:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 6144:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 6119:(the latter administering the uninhabited 6094:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 5603:Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves 5550:Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil 5480:Unlike Spain, Portugal did not divide its 4745:A map from 1574 showing the 15 hereditary 4202:Portugal was the first European nation to 3677:initially resisted contact with them, the 3153: Covilhã's travel 1489–†1490 (orange) 2970:Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries 1507: 1493: 1473: 1459: 80: 13596: 12003: 11804: 11742:Shastry, Bhagamandala Seetharama (2000). 11593: 11185: 11059: 10730: 10688: 10670:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 9211: 9201: 9053: 9002: 8969:Early Modern Spain: A Documentary History 8731: 8515: 8497: 8464: 8399: 8351: 7915: 7852: 7803: 7801: 7756:Uyar, Mesut; J. Erickson, Edward (2003). 7737: 7403:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. 7329: 7242: 7077: 6976: 6964: 6880: 6723: 6564: 6562: 5539: 5268:was among the most powerful in the world. 4610:missionaries, followed the Portuguese to 4550: 4484:in 1529, and Islam spread further in the 2988: 2929:of April 1974 in Lisbon led to the hasty 2905:was normally exempt. In August 1961, the 12095:, Australian Centre for Sri Lankan Unity 11992: 11876: 11783: 11718: 11574: 11479: 11026: 10942: 10403: 10385:The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825 10340:Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1800 10295: 10274: 10099: 9697: 9685: 8684: 8572: 8548: 8509: 8485: 8458: 8321: 8309: 8239: 8043: 7888: 7661:Continuum International Publishing Group 7630: 7607: 7417: 7230: 7215: 7197: 7191: 6868: 6850: 6844: 6790: 6637: 6631: 6496: 6275:official languages of the United Nations 6080: 5896: 5884: 5708: 5663: 5660:Campaigns of Pacification and Occupation 5569: 5557: 5471: 5401: 5366: 5255: 5235: 5138: 5092: 5046: 5009: 4931: 4740: 4636: 4554: 4454: 4317: 4303: 4230:, claiming they were in his zone of the 4197: 4146: 4061: 3980: 3896: 3884: 3742: 3707:A Portuguese fleet under the command of 3688: 3569: 3517: 3426: 3376: 3238: 3130: 3044: 2677: 17641:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 16814: 14508:House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 14259:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 12087:Forts of the Spice Islands of Indonesia 11937: 11741: 11696: 11552: 11504: 11271: 11250: 11122: 11080: 10856:Jesus, Carlos Augusto Montalto (1902). 10772: 10751: 10642: 10623: 10487: 10316: 10221: 10197:Cold War: The Essential Reference Guide 9761: 9539: 9450: 9421: 9334: 9304: 9283: 9271: 9250: 9238: 9226: 9125: 9113: 9101: 9086: 9074: 8906: 8861: 8836: 8811: 8709:(in Dutch), Amsterdam: Cornelis Claesz. 8651:Bulletin of Portuguese/Japanese Studies 8599: 8333: 8095: 8023:. Oxford University Press. p. 14. 8006: 7948: 7876: 7719: 7642: 7450: 7430:. Oxford University Press. p. 37. 7396: 7179: 7164: 7140: 7104: 7053: 6922: 6766: 6760: 6693: 6586: 6544: 6502: 6026:, South Africa, and the United States. 5447:In 1755 Lisbon suffered a catastrophic 5036:against Spain since 1568. In 1581, the 4628:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 4618:to Asia and Africa with mixed success. 4389:In 1534, Gujarat faced attack from the 3578:Profiting from the rivalry between the 3263:pushed on almost as far as present-day 14: 17593: 12391: 11897: 11846: 11319: 11292: 11208: 11164: 11143: 11129:. University of North Carolina Press. 11005: 10445: 9438: 9409: 9382:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 59–61. 9375: 8965: 8616:. The Newberry Library. Archived from 8584: 8560: 8446: 8425: 8410: 8393: 8381: 8215: 8203: 8191: 8164: 8152: 7798: 7743: 7595: 7499:. Algarvedailynews.com. Archived from 7335: 7254: 6856: 6749:Os Descobrimentos e a Economia Mundial 6674: 6657:The World since 1500: a Global history 6643: 6592: 6559: 6553: 6538: 5216:including capturing Fort Jesus in 1698 4582:. At the same time Francisco Zeimoto, 4574:arrived in Goa at the service of King 4102:. The Portuguese also lost 2 ships at 3834:16th century heavy Portuguese carrack. 3541:, the capital of the kingdom ruled by 17041: 17015: 15521: 14780: 14754: 14304: 14288: 13974: 13853: 13595: 13106: 12811: 12390: 12140: 12128: 12102: 11965: 11880:Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500–1800 11384: 11229: 10984: 10922:Kozák, Jan; Cermák, Vladimir (2007). 10900: 10855: 10661: 10578: 10466: 10377: 10356: 10151: 9712:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.41 9700:"Decolonization in Portuguese Africa" 9626: 9613:Thomas, H.B., "The Kionga Triangle", 9346: 9059: 9008: 8873: 8611: 8521: 8470: 8357: 7960: 7654: 7618: 7601: 7203: 6928: 6796: 6772: 6699: 6568: 6140:Portuguese as their official language 4594:, where the locals were impressed by 4450: 4311:, one of the best-preserved forts in 3958:In April 1511, Albuquerque sailed to 3492:The Portuguese enter the Indian Ocean 2749:, and the power and influence of the 1488: 14387:Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 13984: 13863: 13605: 13116: 12821: 12781:) and small temporary coastal bases. 12400: 12150: 11763:de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan (2008). 11577:A History of Indonesia since c. 1300 11301:. Indiana University Press. p. 10963: 10874:Carlos Augusto Montalto Jesus Macao. 10130: 9762:Travels, Geographic (July 8, 2012). 9698:Oliveira, Pedro Aires (2017-05-24). 9551: 8781:The Worlds of the East India Company 8737: 8690: 8637: 8614:"Early Modern Ship-types, 1450–1650" 7580:. Smithsonianmag.com. Archived from 7560:, Cambridge University Press, 1978, 7423: 7278: 6751:, Arcádia, 1965, Vol 1 and 2, Lisboa 6680: 6154:, including the one utilized by the 5364:subjects in all European colonies. 4622:Colonization efforts in the Americas 4488:. Portugal responded by aiding king 4254:South Asia, Persian Gulf and Red Sea 3889:Second Portuguese governor of India 3563:, the Portuguese Empire created the 3188:Initial African coastline excursions 3057:and initiated the Portuguese Empire. 17711:Historical transcontinental empires 17549:History of the Mediterranean region 14740:His Most Faithful Majesty's Council 14290:Articles and topics related to the 11784:de Souza, Teotonio R., ed. (1990). 11579:(2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. 11426: 11405: 11209:Mathew, Kuzhippalli Skaria (1988). 9190:European Review of Economic History 9156:. New India Publishing. p. 8. 8852:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), p. 240. 8842: 8784:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 2. 8703:Van Linschoten, Jan Huygen (1596), 7683: 7342:. Aleph Book Company. p. 225. 7300:Quanchi, Max; Robson, John (2005). 7266: 6044:United Nations-sponsored referendum 6010:were accepted by Portugal in 1974. 5778:East African Campaign (World War I) 5468:Pombaline and post-Pombaline Brazil 5451:, which together with a subsequent 5210:, one of the most important of the 4962:Portuguese attack on Alcácer Quibir 4685:rights to the inner islands of the 4566:for a missionary expedition in Asia 4110:. In 1549 two Portuguese junks and 4066:The Portuguese visited the city of 3456:'s 1492 discovery for Spain of the 2976:for countries formerly part of the 2935:1975 annexation of Portuguese Timor 2931:decolonization of Portuguese Africa 2893:, the regime renamed its colonies " 24: 17671:1999 disestablishments in Portugal 14725:Family tree of Portuguese monarchs 14249:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 11993:Whiteway, Richard Stephen (1899). 11727:. University of California Press. 11676:Scammell, Geoffrey Vaughn (1997). 11661:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 11642:. University of California Press. 11615:do Rosário Pimente, Maria (1995). 11362:de Oliveira Marques, A.H. (1972). 11066:. Educa Books, Facsimile edition. 10299:A History of Latin America to 1825 9808:from the original on 26 April 2023 8814:, pp. 73–74, 168–171, 226–231 8706:Itinerario, Voyage ofte Schipvaert 8240:de Abreu, João Capistrano (1998). 7306:. Scarecrow Press. p. xliii. 6417:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 6096:(CPLP) serves as the cultural and 6004:invaded by India's military forces 5877:Transfer of sovereignty over Macau 5607:Cortes Constitucionais Portuguesas 5383:Minas Gerais and the gold industry 4641:The Portuguese mapped and claimed 4039: 3735:was partly explored by Cunha, and 3727:in 1507. Having failed to conquer 2911:Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá 2759:Portuguese sailors began exploring 2732:transfer of sovereignty over Macau 2722:. It was one of the longest-lived 929:Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá 25: 17722: 17631:Portuguese colonisation in Africa 14735:Style of the Portuguese sovereign 14710:Pantheon of the House of Braganza 12673:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin 12072:Dutch Portuguese Colonial History 12026: 11944:. University of Wisconsin Press. 11430:Historical Dictionary of Malaysia 11194:. University of Minnesota Press. 10609:. University of Minnesota Press. 10320:The Independence of Latin America 10242: 9915:from the original on 28 June 2022 9883:from the original on 27 June 2022 9770:from the original on May 29, 2023 9746:Dismantling the Portuguese Empire 9574:. Newforestexplorersguide.co.uk. 8874:Olson, James Stuart, ed. (1991). 6580: 6152:Portuguese-based creole languages 6133:Indonesian invasion of East Timor 6051:Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration 5737:and the Pink Map came to an end. 4938:Luso-Hispanic (or Iberian) Empire 4689:and also created a settlement on 4338:. In 1515, Afonso de Albuquerque 4238:reached the Moluccas, docking at 4204:establish trade routes with Japan 3382:Portuguese possessions in Morocco 2915:India annexed Goa, Daman, and Diu 1212:Imperial decline, war, and revolt 496:Indigenous people of the Americas 27:Colonial empire between 1415–1999 17701:1999 disestablishments in Europe 17656:Early modern history of Portugal 17534:Bibliography of European history 17129:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 15051: 14470: 14412:Transfer of the Portuguese court 14392:War of the Portuguese Succession 14254:Portuguese colonial architecture 13855:North America and North Atlantic 12719:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 12377: 12141: 11675: 11555:World History: A New Perspective 11236:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 11171:. University of Oklahoma Press. 10533:de Almeida, Miguel Vale (2004). 10275:Anderson, James Maxwell (2000). 10176:Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 2 10070: 10027:from the original on 15 May 2013 9997: 9961: 9936: 9927: 9895: 9845: 9820: 9794: 9755: 9739: 9691: 9665: 9654: 9607: 9589: 9564: 9545: 9507: 9319: 9310: 9289: 9256: 9177: 9042: 9031: 9014: 8993: 8946: 8933: 8900: 8880:. Greenwood Press. p. 204. 8867: 8817: 8713: 8696: 8631: 8605: 8431: 8363: 8113: 8037: 8012: 7983: 7921: 7497:"Tne Portuguese in the Far East" 6952: 6407:Portuguese colonial architecture 6381: 6368:remains an official language in 6358: 6338: 6298: 6282: 5387:In 1693, gold was discovered at 4928:War of the Portuguese Succession 4467:, 1593, coloured at a later date 4362:in 1516. In 1521 a force led by 3827: 3811: 3792: 3686:threats from the Mamluk sultan. 3009:, the gradual reconquest of the 2702:), was composed of the overseas 1442: 1332:Processo Revolucionário Em Curso 1167:War of the Portuguese Succession 1013: 961: 947: 933: 919: 905: 891: 877: 863: 849: 835: 821: 807: 793: 779: 765: 751: 726: 712: 698: 684: 670: 656: 642: 628: 614: 600: 586: 572: 558: 544: 530: 516: 502: 488: 474: 64: 17666:1415 establishments in Portugal 17636:Portuguese colonisation in Asia 17626:History of European colonialism 17559:History of Western civilization 17162:Christianity in the Middle Ages 14943:History of Portugal (1777–1834) 14442:Municipal Library Elevator Coup 14244:Armorial of Portuguese colonies 11999:. Archibald Constable & Co. 11832:(2 ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 11658:The Portuguese Empire 1415–1808 11531: 11468:from the original on 2023-01-11 10970:. University of Chicago Press. 10844:from the original on 2023-02-16 10716:. University Press of America. 10552:Davies, Kenneth Gordon (1974). 10263:from the original on 2023-07-03 9950:from the original on 2009-11-27 9877:"CPLP Histórico – Como surgiu?" 9834:from the original on 2011-07-20 9802:"East Timor: Birth of a nation" 9728:from the original on 2021-05-13 9671: 9660: 9617:Volume 31 1951, pp. 47–50. 9578:from the original on 2023-06-27 8907:Goodman, Grant K., ed. (1991). 8827:. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1957. 8669:from the original on 2023-03-30 7858: 7837: 7828: 7819: 7810: 7776: 7749: 7689: 7648: 7543: 7532:from the original on 2022-05-15 7514: 7489: 7480: 7471: 7365: 7356: 7320: 7284: 7012:from the original on 2014-05-14 6994: 6946: 6741: 6649: 6135:was not justified by Portugal. 5893:nation with overseas provinces. 5656:History of Portugal (1834–1910) 5346:families to be considered as a 5285:and in exchange Portugal ceded 5272:In 1661 the Portuguese offered 5232:History of Portugal (1777–1834) 5228:History of Portugal (1640–1777) 4888:, then established the city of 4480:defeated the Ethiopians in the 4151:A depiction, from 1639, of the 4001:on a diplomatic mission to the 3873:Adil Shahi–Portuguese conflicts 3867:Goa, Malacca and Southeast Asia 3332:War of the Castilian Succession 3104:, who had been involved in the 3080:History of Portugal (1415–1578) 2995:History of Portugal (1139–1415) 2730:in North Africa in 1415 to the 17403:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 17346:Christianity in the modern era 17117:Christianity in late antiquity 13107: 11974:. Facts on File, Inc. p. 11805:Stapleton, Timothy J. (2013). 11790:. Concept Publishing Company. 11538:. Cambridge University Press. 11484:. Cambridge University Press. 11087:. Cambridge University Press. 11035:. Cambridge University Press. 10830:. Cambridge University Press. 10797:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018). 10662:Dodge, Ernest Stanley (1976). 10647:. Cambridge University Press. 10628:. Cambridge University Press. 10551: 10342:. Cambridge University Press. 10323:. Cambridge University Press. 10281:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 10222:Brockey, Liam Matthew (2008). 10152:Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). 8825:The Dutch in Brazil, 1624–1654 8369:Metcalf (2005), pp. 36–37 7374:The Cambridge History of China 6574: 5978:regime in 1974. Known as the " 5767: 5143:The Portuguese victory at the 4473:Ethiopian (Abyssinian) Kingdom 4268:Portuguese invasion of Bahrain 4132:which they named as Folangji ( 3633:, Kannur), built a factory at 3271:was reached in the 1460s. The 3061:In 1415 an attack was made on 2873:Portuguese ambitions in Africa 13: 1: 17696:1415 establishments in Europe 17554:History of the European Union 13274:Portuguese Paliacate outpost 11826:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2012). 11703:. Unesp- Ceru. Archived from 11655:Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1998). 11636:Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1968). 11594:Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007). 11370:. Columbia University Press. 11278:. University of Texas Press. 11257:. University of Texas Press. 11006:Lisboa, Maria Manuel (2008). 10755:Japan and the Dutch 1600-1835 10562:University of Minnesota Press 10452:. Stanford University Press. 10446:Coates, Timothy Joel (2002). 10431:. Brill Academic Publishers. 10023:(www.search.unimelb.edu.au). 9554:"Ships hit during WWI: Dacia" 8910:Japan and the Dutch 1600-1853 7657:Interracial Intimacy in Japan 7336:Harris, Jonathan Gil (2015). 6472: 6169:in Europe, in several modern 6049:In 1987, Portugal signed the 5482:colonial territory in America 5415:(residents of São Paulo) and 5194:and the English in 1622, and 5040:gained independence from the 4960:'s death during a disastrous 4940:in 1598, during the reign of 4300:Gujarati-Portuguese conflicts 4138:Luso-Chinese agreement (1554) 3881:Acehnese-Portuguese conflicts 3696:Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai 1518:Portuguese colonial campaigns 18:Portuguese Empire in the East 14487:Portuguese House of Burgundy 14016:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil 13809: • 1938–1941 13786: • 1890–1999 13776: • 1851–1999 13766: • 1864–1999 13666: • 1578–1650 13653: • 1576–1605 13640: • 1522–1575 13565: • 1779–1954 13542: • 1687–1749 13479: • 1598–1610 13469: • 1579–1632 13445: • 1568–1659 13435: • 1559–1961 13422: • 1548–1658 13412: • 1540–1612 13399: • 1536–1662 13386: • 1535–1739 13363: • 1534–1661 13353: • 1534–1601 13343: • 1531–1571 13333: • 1531–1571 13317: • 1528–1666 13307: • 1523–1662 13283: • 1521–1740 13270: • 1518–1619 13237: • 1510–1961 13224: • 1507–1657 13211: • 1502–1661 13189: • 1502–1658 13175: • 1501–1663 13162: • 1500–1663 12057:Resources in other libraries 11938:Wheeler, Douglas L. (1998). 11808:A Military History of Africa 11719:Schwartz, Stuart B. (1973). 11385:Olson, James Stuart (1991). 11341:O'Flanagan, Patrick (2008). 11102:Malekandathil, Pius (2010). 11060:Macmillan, Allister (2000). 10731:Gipouloux, François (2011). 10112:Abeyasinghe, Tikiri (1986). 9615:Tanganyika Notes and Records 9347:Angus, William, ed. (1837). 8537:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8298:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8072:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8019:C. Bloomer, Kristin (2018). 7795:(Volume 6, Chapter 3, eText) 7030:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6893:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6785:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6515:Juang & Morrissette 2008 6477: 6318:Areas of influence and trade 6061:two years earlier regarding 5968:Movimento das Forças Armadas 5832:, a port city in modern-day 5733:was reluctantly accepted by 4944:, King of Portugal and Spain 4747:captaincy colonies of Brazil 4708:Binot Paulmier de Gonneville 3771:, resulting in the death of 3747:First viceroy of India, Dom 3423:Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) 2945:from the colonies. Portugal 2939:Portuguese colonial settlers 2913:, and in December that year 2847:(expanded inland during the 2679:[ĩˈpɛ.ɾjupuɾ.tuˈɣeʃ] 1294:Portugal during World War II 1122:Portuguese House of Burgundy 1092:Umayyad conquest of Hispania 7: 17513:Russian invasion of Ukraine 17124:Crisis of the Third Century 15547: 13976:South America and Caribbean 11919:Velupillai, Viveka (2015). 11320:Newitt, Malyn D.D. (2005). 11293:Newitt, Malyn D.D. (1995). 11230:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1980). 10588:. Oxford University Press. 10228:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 10179:. Oxford University Press. 10158:. Pearson Education India. 10114:Jaffna Under the Portuguese 9852:Macau and the end of empire 9253:, pp. 277–279, 283–284 8850:The Persian Gulf in History 7937:Heywood & Thornton 2007 7901:Heywood & Thornton 2007 6400: 6086:Monument of the Discoveries 5923:António de Oliveira Salazar 5902:António de Oliveira Salazar 5782:Portugal during World War I 5190:by a joint alliance of the 5145:Second Battle of Guararapes 4872:with the assistance of the 4570:In 1542, Jesuit missionary 3514:Portuguese presence in Asia 3173:'s travel 1497–1499 (black) 2882:(in office 1932–1968), the 2851:in the late 19th century), 2810:seized the Portuguese crown 1262:Portugal during World War I 873:Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli 375:End of Moroccan territories 10: 17727: 17706:2nd millennium in Portugal 17661:Modern history of Portugal 17601:Bahrain–Portugal relations 17569:Military history of Europe 17564:Maritime history of Europe 14417:Liberal Revolution of 1820 14407:Portuguese Restoration War 14124:Nova Colónia do Sacramento 13203:(Coulão / Kollam) 12274:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué 12067:Portuguese Empire Timeline 11877:Thornton, John K. (2000). 11480:Paquette, Gabriel (2014). 11272:Metcalf, Alida C. (2005). 11251:Metcalf, Alida C. (2006). 11123:Mancall, Peter C. (2007). 10943:Kratoska, Paul H. (2004). 10862:. Kelly & Walsh, ltd. 10752:Goodman, Grant K. (2000). 10116:. Lake House Investments. 9376:Levine, Robert M. (2003). 9325:Pequette, pp. 106–114 9028:(Baywolf Press) p. 35 9020:Portuguese Studies Review 8437:Metcalf (2005), p. 37 8134:Pickett & Pickett 2011 8119:Metcalf (2006), p. 60 8108:Herring & Herring 1968 7424:Ward, Gerald W.R. (2008). 7362:de Silva Jayasuriya, p. 87 7326:de Silva Jayasuriya, p. 86 6491:Page & Sonnenburg 2003 6008:São João Baptista de Ajudá 5988:Junta de Salvação Nacional 5866: 5863:Decolonization (1954–1999) 5771: 5649: 5631: 5611:Liberal Revolution of 1820 5543: 5246:Portuguese Restoration War 5225: 5118:Jan Huyghen van Linschoten 4925: 4922:Portuguese Restoration War 4907: 4625: 4494:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 4257: 4191: 4130:breech-loading swivel guns 4046:Chinese people in Portugal 4043: 3930:The initial capture of Goa 3877:Malay-Portuguese conflicts 3870: 3843: 3765:Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri 3495: 3446: 3400:that the Indian Ocean was 3159: Covilhã's travel to 3139: Pêro da Covilhã and 3087: 3077: 2992: 2901:, from which only a small 2871:led to the contraction of 2699:Império Colonial Português 2694:Portuguese Colonial Empire 1042:Roman conquest of Hispania 362:Portuguese Restoration War 255:• 1834–1835 (first) 213:• 1911–1915 (first) 17539:Genetic history of Europe 17521: 17326: 17142: 17082: 17049: 16983: 16935: 16452: 15856: 15555: 15479: 15395: 15312: 15303: 15228: 15219: 15135: 15126: 15069: 15060: 15049: 15016: 14801: 14792: 14642: 14520: 14479: 14468: 14457:Royalist attack on Chaves 14452:5 October 1910 revolution 14339: 14298: 14239: 13981: 13970: 13860: 13849: 13602: 13591: 13325:(Porto Grande De Bengala) 13113: 13102: 12818: 12807: 12397: 12386: 12375: 12147: 12136: 12091:Senaka Weeraratna, 2005, 12052:Resources in your library 11532:Pearson, Michael (1987). 11505:Pearson, Michael (1976). 10907:. Yale University Press. 10249:. Yale University Press. 10243:Abernethy, David (2000). 10105:General and cited sources 9672:Pearson 1987, p. 160 9661:Pearson 1987, p. 158 9515:"Portugal enters the war" 9477:10.1017/s0018246x0000532x 8966:Cowans, Jon, ed. (2003). 8913:. Routledge. p. 13. 8742:The Epic of Latin America 8726:, London: Hakluyt Society 6245:southern Italian dialects 6100:successor of the Empire. 6076: 5774:German campaign in Angola 5222:Second empire (1663–1822) 5034:struggle for independence 4952:invaded Portugal after a 4697: 4675:Newfoundland and Labrador 4632: 4434:The two failed sieges of 4393:and the Rajput states of 4360:Lopo Soares de Albergaria 3192:Fears of what lay beyond 3025:until the signing of the 1526: 977: 453: 449: 436: 423: 410: 397: 384: 371: 358: 345: 332: 319: 306: 293: 289: 281: 277: 265: 253: 249: 239: 235: 225:• 1996–1999 (last) 223: 211: 207: 197: 193: 181: 171:• 1415–1433 (first) 169: 165: 155: 132: 117: 107: 91: 79: 61: 56: 34: 15253:Exclusive Economic Zone 15140:Administrative divisions 14382:Battle of Alcácer Quibir 12004:Yamashiro, José (1989). 11697:Scarano, Julita (2009). 11186:McAlister, Lyle (1984). 11027:Lockhart, James (1983). 10964:Lach, Donald F. (1994). 10773:Goodwin, Stefan (2008). 10488:Corrado, Jacopo (2008). 10467:Cohen, Leonardo (2009). 10404:Boyajian, James (2008). 10317:Bethell, Leslie (1985). 10296:Bakewell, Peter (2009). 10131:Abir, Mordechai (1980). 9789:Arnold & Wiener 2012 8286:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8274:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8228:Diffie & Winius 1977 8180:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8084:Diffie & Winius 1977 8044:J. Russo, David (2000). 7451:Gleason, Carrie (2007). 7153:Diffie & Winius 1977 7117:Diffie & Winius 1977 7090:Diffie & Winius 1977 7066:Diffie & Winius 1977 6989:Diffie & Winius 1977 6941:Diffie & Winius 1977 6917:Diffie & Winius 1977 6905:Diffie & Winius 1977 6833:Diffie & Winius 1977 6821:Diffie & Winius 1977 6736:Diffie & Winius 1977 6669:Diffie & Winius 1977 6620:Diffie & Winius 1977 6608:Diffie & Winius 1977 6527:Diffie & Winius 1977 6067:one country, two systems 5984:National Salvation Junta 5786:Battle of the Lys (1918) 5628:Third empire (1822–1999) 5593:in place of his mother, 5360:and one of the first by 5319:Conspiracy of the Pintos 5147:ended Dutch presence in 4840:, which would be called 4612:violently and forcefully 4026:settlement in Chittagong 3506:Portuguese India Armadas 3074:First empire (1415–1663) 2984:History and colonisation 2546:Banda Oriental (1816–20) 2524:Banda Oriental (1776–77) 2477:Banda Oriental (1735–37) 2250:Cape of Good Hope (1630) 1047:Romanization of Hispania 401:Loss of Indian provinces 267:• 1995–1999 (last) 183:• 1908–1910 (last) 17544:History of Christianity 14968:Constitutional monarchy 14730:Portuguese Crown Jewels 14155:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro 14074: • 1621–1815 14061: • 1578–1607 14048: • 1572–1578 14035: • 1572–1578 14022: • 1549–1572 14009: • 1534–1549 13376: • 1535 13248: • 1512–1525 12916:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah) 11575:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). 11557:. Chatto & Windus. 11553:Ponting, Clive (2000). 11535:The Portuguese in India 11297:A History of Mozambique 11215:. Mittal Publications. 11081:Mahoney, James (2010). 10689:Gallagher, Tom (1982). 10519:(Berghahn Books, 2020) 10473:. Harrassowitz Verlag. 10278:The History of Portugal 10021:University of Melbourne 9879:(in Portuguese). CPLP. 9138:Kozák & Cermák 2007 7825:Chesworth; Thomas p. 86 7655:Leupp, Gary P. (2003). 6991:, pp. 274, 320–323 6809:Gann & Duignan 1972 6389:Pillar of Vasco da Gama 6171:Indo-European languages 5972:Portuguese Colonial War 5869:Portuguese Colonial War 5801:Canadian Forestry Corps 5212:Portuguese–Safavid wars 4659:João Fernandes Lavrador 4405:was forced to sign the 4403:Bahadur Shah of Gujarat 4264:Capture of Ormuz (1507) 3784:Diogo Lopes de Sequeira 3719:at the entrance of the 3322:, and found a thriving 2974:Commonwealth of Nations 2919:Portuguese Colonial War 2899:system of forced labour 2808:(Philip I of Portugal) 2643:Guinea-Bissau (1963–74) 2180:Coromandel Coast (1619) 1338:Transition to democracy 1306:Portuguese Colonial War 1227:Constitutional Monarchy 1207:Great Lisbon earthquake 414:Portuguese Colonial War 260:Pedro de Sousa Holstein 17651:Portuguese Renaissance 17368:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 15271:Science and technology 14938:1761 Lisbon earthquake 14933:1755 Lisbon earthquake 14655:Kingdom of the Algarve 14615:Sintra National Palace 14437:31 January 1891 revolt 14377:Battle of Alfarrobeira 14331:Topics related to the 14145:Grão-Pará and Maranhão 13569:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 11855:. Simon and Schuster. 11748:. Concept Publishers. 11427:Ooi, Keat Gin (2009). 11406:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). 11347:. Ashgate Publishing. 11165:Marley, David (2008). 11144:Marley, David (2005). 11012:. Ashgate Publishing. 10949:. Taylor and Francis. 10695:. St. Martin's Press. 10643:Disney, A.R. (2009b). 10624:Disney, A.R. (2009a). 10363:. Palgrave Macmillan. 10357:Black, Jeremy (2011). 9627:Koffi, Ettien (2012). 9572:"Portuguese Fireplace" 9465:The Historical Journal 8738:Crow, John A. (1992). 7961:Pacey, Arnold (1991). 6452:Portuguese Inquisition 6089: 5935:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 5905: 5894: 5731:1890 British Ultimatum 5714: 5677: 5585:invaded Portugal, and 5578: 5575:Brazilian independence 5567: 5546:Independence of Brazil 5540:Brazilian Independence 5477: 5465: 5407: 5372: 5289:to the Spanish crown. 5269: 5241: 5208:1625 Battle off Hormuz 5152: 5136:into the East Indies. 5113: 5052: 5025: 5019:Philip III of Portugal 4956:brought about by King 4945: 4749: 4727:Martim Afonso de Sousa 4646: 4645:in 1499 and the 1500s. 4567: 4551:Missionary expeditions 4482:battle of Shimbra Kure 4468: 4327: 4322:Persian portrait of a 4315: 4260:Persian–Portuguese war 4236:García Jofre de Loaísa 4219: 4159: 4071: 3990: 3906: 3894: 3800:Portuguese discoveries 3752: 3704: 3637:in 1503. In 1505 King 3575: 3530: 3482:ground-breaking voyage 3444: 3385: 3248: 3236:were reached in 1445. 3175: 3084:Portuguese discoveries 3058: 3053:, in 1415, was led by 2989:Background (1139–1415) 2897:" while retaining the 2869:1890 British Ultimatum 2841:independence of Brazil 2834:independence movements 2785:reached what would be 2698: 2688: 2670: 2561:Mozambique (1847–1910) 2185:Persian Gulf (1621–22) 2088:Indian Ocean (1586–89) 1858:Indian Ocean (1538–60) 1658:Persian Gulf (1507–15) 1623:Indian Ocean (1505–17) 1157:Portuguese Renaissance 845:East Timor (1975–1976) 388:Independence of Brazil 98:(1415–1808; 1821–1999) 40: 17448:Industrial Revolution 16960:Medieval great powers 14973:Republican Revolution 14918:Treaty of Tordesillas 14903:Portuguese golden age 14888:1383–1385 interregnum 14715:Most Faithful Majesty 14585:Rio de Janeiro Palace 14462:Monarchy of the North 14372:Battle of Aljubarrota 13835:invasion by Indonesia 13597:East Asia and Oceania 12769:São Tomé and Príncipe 12542:Portuguese Mozambique 12499:Portuguese Gold Coast 11898:Treece, Dave (2000). 11847:Thomas, Hugh (1997). 11063:Mauritius Illustrated 10901:Kamen, Henry (1999). 10515:Curto, Diogo Ramada. 10100:Explanatory footnotes 9552:Helgason, Guðmundur. 9379:The History of Brazil 9316:Pequette, p. 106 9295:Paquette, p. 104 8612:Smith, Roger (1986). 7816:Appiah; Gates, p. 130 6462:Portuguese Surinamese 6457:Portuguese inventions 6323:Claims of sovereignty 6084: 5945:, which were quickly 5927:Indian Prime Minister 5900: 5888: 5845:São Tomé and Príncipe 5822:Versailles Conference 5758:Manuel II of Portugal 5750:Alfredo Luís da Costa 5712: 5667: 5650:Further information: 5634:Portuguese Mozambique 5573: 5561: 5544:Further information: 5518:Inconfidência Mineira 5475: 5460: 5405: 5370: 5306:Keladi Nayaka Kingdom 5259: 5239: 5226:Further information: 5142: 5096: 5050: 5013: 4991:, which held out for 4958:Sebastian of Portugal 4935: 4744: 4716:Treaty of Tordesilhas 4679:João Álvares Fagundes 4651:Treaty of Tordesillas 4640: 4558: 4458: 4321: 4307: 4232:Treaty of Tordesillas 4201: 4150: 4065: 4020:commanded a fleet to 3984: 3900: 3891:Afonso de Albuquerque 3888: 3854:Portuguese Chittagong 3746: 3713:Afonso de Albuquerque 3692: 3653:, where they founded 3573: 3521: 3462:Treaty of Tordesillas 3449:Treaty of Tordesillas 3433:Treaty of Tordesillas 3430: 3380: 3320:São Tomé and Príncipe 3301:Bartolomeo Marchionni 3242: 3134: 3048: 2958:constitutional status 2682:), also known as the 2440:East Africa (1696–98) 1728:Sri Lanka (1520–1658) 1257:Monarchy of the North 831:São Tomé and Príncipe 108:Common languages 17503:European debt crisis 17498:European integration 17438:Age of Enlightenment 17278:Republic of Florence 16970:European colonialism 16955:Ancient great powers 15467:World Heritage Sites 15003:Carnation Revolution 14600:São Cristóvão Palace 14432:Portuguese Civil War 14347:Battle of São Mamede 10985:Ladle, Jane (2000). 10379:Boxer, Charles Ralph 9861:, 18 December 1999. 9353:. Glasgow. pp. 9262:Paquette, p. 67 9153:Geomatics in Tsunami 8639:Puga, Rogério Miguel 7834:Newitt (2004), p. 86 7454:The Biography of Tea 6447:Portuguese in Africa 6125:overseas territories 6036:invaded by Indonesia 5980:Carnation Revolution 5873:Carnation Revolution 5805:Portuguese Fireplace 5735:Carlos I of Portugal 5682:European colonialism 5395:and Goiás led to a " 5157:Dutch–Portuguese War 5098:Joannes van Doetecum 5070:In 1592, during the 4954:crisis of succession 4918:Dutch-Portuguese War 4687:Gulf of St. Lawrence 4580:Apostolic Nunciature 4576:John III of Portugal 4564:John III of Portugal 4522:Paulo Dias de Novais 4498:battle of Wayna Daga 4380:island of Mozambique 4096:Battle of Sincouwaan 3913:with the capital at 3757:Sultanate of Gujarat 3749:Francisco de Almeida 3643:Francisco de Almeida 3639:Manuel I of Portugal 3551:Pedro Álvares Cabral 3454:Christopher Columbus 3234:Cape Verde Peninsula 3147:in 1487–1488 (green) 2927:Carnation Revolution 2925:regime in 1974. The 2783:Pedro Álvares Cabral 2720:Republic of Portugal 2712:overseas territories 2675:European Portuguese: 2648:Mozambique (1964–74) 2613:Mozambique (1917-18) 2608:Mozambique (1917–18) 2593:East Timor (1911–12) 2536:French Guiana (1809) 2390:2nd Sri Lanka (1654) 2385:1st Sri Lanka (1654) 1808:Moluccas (1530–1607) 1326:Carnation Revolution 1177:Dutch-Portuguese War 706:Ahmednagar Sultanate 664:Sultanate of Bijapur 427:Carnation Revolution 349:Dutch-Portuguese War 17621:Kingdom of Portugal 17468:Revolutions of 1848 17398:Early modern France 17179:Anglo-Saxon England 17084:Classical antiquity 16965:Modern great powers 14878:Kingdom of Portugal 14872:Manifestis Probatum 14705:Council of Portugal 14695:Portuguese nobility 14670:Portuguese Monarchs 14650:Kingdom of Portugal 14580:Quinta da Boa Vista 14565:Necessidades Palace 14362:Manifestis Probatum 14333:Portuguese monarchy 12488:(São Jorge da Mina) 12339:São João da Mamora 12181:(El Qsar es Seghir) 11621:. Edições Colibri. 10779:. Lexington Books. 10302:. Wiley-Blackwell. 9980:"língua portuguesa" 9908:Library of Congress 9203:10.1093/ereh/heu019 8539:, pp. 111, 117 7645:, pp. 175, 184 7068:, pp. 233, 235 5695:Hermenegildo Capelo 5352:Portuguese nobility 5260:Portuguese warship 5134:chartered companies 5088:Cornelis de Houtman 5074:, an English fleet 4997:Catherine de Medici 4981:Viceroy of Portugal 4914:Council of Portugal 4805:, making it at the 4588:Fernão Mendes Pinto 4324:Portuguese nobleman 4058:Portuguese Nagasaki 4054:Slavery in Portugal 3953:Vijayanagara Empire 3659:Lourenço de Almeida 3372:Tropic of Capricorn 3143:'s common route to 3102:Henry the Navigator 3055:Henry the Navigator 3001:Kingdom of Portugal 2891:pluricontinentalism 2849:Scramble for Africa 2751:Kingdom of Portugal 2716:Kingdom of Portugal 2684:Portuguese Overseas 2225:Persian Gulf (1625) 2195:Persian Gulf (1622) 2165:Persian Gulf (1614) 2108:Sri Lanka (1587–88) 2093:Persian Gulf (1586) 1978:Sri Lanka (1557–58) 1968:Gulf of Oman (1554) 1953:Persian Gulf (1551) 1823:Persian Gulf (1534) 1803:Persian Gulf (1529) 1449:Portugal portal 747:Portuguese Republic 692:Maratha Confederacy 482:Kingdom of Portugal 17574:Crusading movement 17478:Russian Revolution 17313:Hundred Years' War 17209:Maritime republics 17112:Early Christianity 17102:Hellenistic period 17059:Paleolithic Europe 15281:Telecommunications 14958:Liberal Revolution 14861:County of Portugal 14620:Vila Viçosa Palace 14550:Citadel of Cascais 14402:Forty Conspirators 14201:Portuguese Guiana 14165:Maranhão and Piauí 13813:Lapa and Montanha 13624:Portuguese Malacca 13510:Portuguese Ceylon 13464:(Portuguese India) 13302:(Portuguese India) 12933: • 12392:Sub-Saharan Africa 11923:. John Benjamins. 11049:MacQueen, Norrie. 10580:Davis, David Brion 10537:. Berghahn Books. 10526:2022-03-06 at the 10003:Velupillai, p. 519 9857:2015-10-16 at the 9597:"Battle of La Lys" 9412:, pp. 335–336 9337:, pp. 177–178 9286:, pp. 296–297 9274:, pp. 163–164 9241:, pp. 288–289 9229:, pp. 298–302 9116:, pp. 273–275 9104:, pp. 267–268 9077:, pp. 268–269 8823:Charles R. Boxer, 8512:, pp. 104–105 8312:, pp. 190–191 8300:, pp. 111–119 8206:, pp. 694–696 8074:, pp. 262–265 7951:, pp. 208–211 7891:, pp. 100–101 7791:2006-10-14 at the 7782:D. João de Castro 7734:, pp. 116–118 7732:Malekandathil 2010 7556:2022-12-13 at the 7339:The First Firangis 7281:, pp. 520–521 7245:, pp. 301–302 7119:, pp. 245–247 7107:, pp. 128–129 7092:, pp. 237–239 6943:, pp. 176–185 6467:Strait of Magellan 6442:Portuguese Armadas 6412:Edict of Expulsion 6308:Actual possessions 6090: 5906: 5895: 5715: 5678: 5670:St. Paul's College 5583:Napoleon Bonaparte 5579: 5568: 5478: 5408: 5373: 5270: 5262:Rainha de Portugal 5242: 5153: 5130:East India Company 5114: 5100:'s 1596 print of " 5053: 5026: 4950:Philip II of Spain 4946: 4842:France Antarctique 4807:Captaincy of Bahia 4750: 4691:Cape Breton Island 4647: 4578:, in charge of an 4568: 4560:St. Francis Xavier 4469: 4451:Sub-Saharan Africa 4384:Fort São Sebastião 4328: 4316: 4292:Portuguese Socotra 4244:Treaty of Zaragoza 4220: 4160: 4108:Dongshan Peninsula 4077:Rafael Perestrello 4072: 3991: 3907: 3895: 3858:Portuguese Malacca 3820:Códice Casanatense 3753: 3705: 3576: 3531: 3445: 3386: 3249: 3176: 3163:1490–†1530? (blue) 3059: 2999:The origin of the 2966:autonomous regions 2962:overseas provinces 2954:Azores and Madeira 2895:overseas provinces 2806:Philip II of Spain 2714:, governed by the 2689:Ultramar Português 2603:Angola (1914–1917) 2519:Angola (1774–1778) 2330:Malaysia (1640–41) 2270:East Africa (1632) 2190:Trincomalee (1622) 2160:Brazil (1612–1615) 1893:East Africa (1542) 1853:Brazil (1534–1536) 1798:East Africa (1528) 1713:East Africa (1517) 1638:East Africa (1507) 1618:East Africa (1505) 1147:Imperial expansion 1112:County of Portugal 1067:Visigothic Kingdom 1032:Prehistoric Iberia 580:Pre-colonial Timor 538:Sultanate of Kilwa 310:Sea route to India 17611:Portuguese Empire 17588: 17587: 17582: 17581: 17508:COVID-19 pandemic 17453:French Revolution 17428:Habsburg monarchy 17408:Cossack Hetmanate 17388:Portuguese Empire 17378:Absolute monarchy 17373:Thirty Years' War 17268:Holy Roman Empire 17193:Bulgarian Empire 17152:Early Middle Ages 17069:Bronze Age Europe 17043:History of Europe 17009: 17008: 16931: 16930: 16896:Polish–Lithuanian 16071:Gurjara-Pratihara 15515: 15514: 15475: 15474: 15299: 15298: 15215: 15214: 15202:Political parties 15155:Foreign relations 15122: 15121: 15084:Iberian Peninsula 15047: 15046: 14893:Treaty of Windsor 14748: 14747: 14690:Portuguese Cortes 14685:Portuguese Empire 14660:Kingdom of Brazil 14610:Santa Cruz Estate 14513: 14502:House of Braganza 14497:House of Habsburg 14352:Battle of Ourique 14292:Portuguese Empire 14282: 14281: 14235: 14234: 14229: 14228: 14222: 14221: 14170: 14169: 14129: 14128: 14096: 14095: 13966: 13965: 13960: 13959: 13951: 13950: 13905: 13904: 13845: 13844: 13828: 13827: 13821: 13820: 13803:Portuguese Macau 13795: 13794: 13748: 13747: 13718: 13717: 13587: 13586: 13581: 13580: 13574: 13573: 13559:Portuguese India 13551: 13550: 13536:Portuguese India 13528: 13527: 13491: 13490: 13454: 13453: 13292: 13291: 13146: 13145: 13136:Laccadive Islands 13098: 13097: 13092: 13091: 13085: 13084: 12982: 12981: 12803: 12802: 12793:Portuguese Angola 12786:Portuguese Guinea 12762: 12761: 12755: 12754: 12740:Portuguese Guinea 12724: 12723: 12690: 12689: 12645: 12644: 12615:Portuguese Angola 12514: 12513: 12509:Mascarene Islands 12373: 12372: 12367: 12366: 12360: 12359: 12256: 12255: 12224:1487–16th century 12130:Portuguese Empire 12038:Portuguese Empire 12033:Library resources 11930:978-1-85109-549-0 11911:978-1-85109-549-0 11890:978-1-135-36584-4 11862:978-0-684-83565-5 11839:978-1-118-27401-9 11818:978-0-313-39569-7 11607:978-1-85109-549-0 11440:978-0-8108-5955-5 11419:978-1-57607-771-9 11354:978-0-7546-6109-2 11312:978-0-253-34006-1 11285:978-0-292-70652-1 11264:978-0-292-71276-8 11243:978-81-207-0617-0 11157:978-1-57607-574-6 11019:978-0-7546-0720-5 10893:978-1-85109-441-7 10786:978-0-7391-5176-1 10723:978-0-7618-1520-4 10616:978-0-8166-0782-2 10544:978-1-78238-854-8 10494:. Cambria Press. 10480:978-3-447-05892-6 10417:978-0-8018-8754-3 10349:978-0-521-84644-8 10330:978-0-521-34927-7 10235:978-0-7546-6313-3 10207:978-1-61069-003-4 10165:978-81-317-3202-1 10063:978-1-60918-140-6 9933:de Almeida, p. 92 9640:978-1-934078-10-5 9389:978-1-4039-6255-3 9163:978-81-89422-31-8 8791:978-1-84383-073-3 8757:978-0-520-07723-2 8641:(December 2002). 8346:Russell-Wood 1968 8276:, pp. 255–56 8253:978-0-19-802631-0 7976:978-0-262-66072-3 7670:978-0-8264-6074-5 7464:978-0-7787-2493-3 7437:978-0-19-531391-8 7410:978-0-521-52403-2 7383:978-0-521-24333-9 7349:978-93-83064-91-5 7313:978-0-8108-6528-0 7129:Subrahmanyam 2012 6712:Russell-Wood 1998 6655:L.S. Stavrianos, 6106:Cantonese Chinese 6098:intergovernmental 6071:handover of Macau 6042:it until 1999. A 5919:enclaves in India 5881:Annexation of Goa 5680:At the height of 5642:Portuguese Guinea 5638:Portuguese Angola 5564:Portuguese Cortes 5526:French Revolution 5498:Marquis of Pombal 5173:São Jorge da Mina 5102:The Market of Goa 4985:Iberian peninsula 4822:Manuel da Nóbrega 4803:Bay of All Saints 4735:governor of India 4671:Miguel Corte-Real 4545:Kingdom of Mutapa 4407:Treaty of Bassein 4296:Portuguese Ceylon 4272:History of Kuwait 4216:Indian Christians 4181:Japanese pirating 4124:which they named 3934:Bijapur sultanate 3701:Portuguese Armada 3404:. Simultaneously 3366:, in present-day 3348:São Jorge da Mina 3346:decided to build 3202:Infante Dom Pedro 3051:Conquest of Ceuta 3035:Marinid Sultanate 3011:Iberian Peninsula 2943:mixed-race people 2775:Cape of Good Hope 2728:conquest of Ceuta 2671:Império Português 2663:Portuguese Empire 2658: 2657: 2571:Mozambique (1895) 2395:Malabar (1658–63) 2295:Gold Coast (1637) 2235:Gold Coast (1625) 2123:India (1599–1600) 2038:Chaul (1570–1571) 1923:Insulindia (1545) 1778:Insulindia (1526) 1773:Insulindia (1525) 1768:Sumatra (1523–24) 1743:Insulindia (1521) 1603:India (1500–1513) 1556:Morocco (1463–64) 1483: 1482: 1356:COVID-19 pandemic 1288:Ditadura Nacional 1217:Transfer of Court 1202:House of Braganza 1162:Portuguese Empire 1107:Almoravid dynasty 1037:Pre-Roman Peoples 987: 986: 973: 972: 969: 968: 915:Dutch East Indies 739: 738: 720:Marinid Sultanate 650:Malacca Sultanate 608:Gujarat Sultanate 552:Kingdom of Maravi 524:Kingdom of Mutapa 440:Handover of Macau 297:Conquest of Ceuta 218:Manuel de Arriaga 122:Roman Catholicism 41:Império Português 36:Portuguese Empire 16:(Redirected from 17718: 17646:Overseas empires 17606:Christian states 17443:Great Divergence 17358:Age of Discovery 17303:Late Middle Ages 17273:High Middle Ages 17184:Byzantine Empire 17167:Christianization 17157:Migration Period 17092:Classical Greece 17064:Neolithic Europe 17036: 17029: 17022: 17013: 17012: 16812: 16811: 16477:Austro-Hungarian 16177:Chagatai Khanate 15542: 15535: 15528: 15519: 15518: 15495: 15488: 15310: 15309: 15256: 15243:Economic history 15226: 15225: 15133: 15132: 15067: 15066: 15055: 14866:Treaty of Zamora 14799: 14798: 14775: 14768: 14761: 14752: 14751: 14605:São Jorge Castle 14511: 14474: 14357:Treaty of Zamora 14325: 14318: 14311: 14302: 14301: 14286: 14285: 14269:Portuguese India 14217: 14204: 14191: 14181: 14180: 14178: 14138: 14137: 14135: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14079: 14066: 14053: 14040: 14027: 14014: 13996: 13995: 13993: 13985: 13972: 13971: 13926: 13916: 13915: 13913: 13875: 13874: 13872: 13864: 13851: 13850: 13816: 13806: 13805: 13801: 13763: 13762: 13759:Portuguese Macau 13756: 13744: 13743: 13735:Portuguese Timor 13727: 13726: 13724: 13671: 13658: 13645: 13617: 13616: 13614: 13606: 13593: 13592: 13562: 13561: 13557: 13539: 13538: 13534: 13513: 13493: 13492: 13486: 13458: 13457: 13429: 13406: 13393: 13370: 13326: 13296: 13295: 13277: 13263: 13252: 13231: 13218: 13217:(Cochin de Cima) 13204: 13193: 13182: 13169: 13159: 13158: 13155:Portuguese India 13152: 13140: 13128: 13127: 13125: 13117: 13104: 13103: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12938: 12866: 12843: 12833: 12832: 12830: 12822: 12809: 12808: 12750:Portuguese Congo 12733: 12732: 12730: 12709: 12699: 12698: 12696: 12686: 12656: 12655: 12653: 12640: 12628: 12575: 12525: 12524: 12522: 12489: 12476: 12454: 12442: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12401: 12388: 12387: 12381: 12355: 12342: 12329: 12316: 12303: 12302:(Souira Guedima) 12290: 12277: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12241: 12218: 12195: 12182: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12151: 12138: 12137: 12123: 12116: 12109: 12100: 12099: 12021: 12000: 11989: 11973: 11962: 11960: 11958: 11934: 11915: 11894: 11873: 11871: 11869: 11854: 11843: 11822: 11801: 11780: 11759: 11738: 11726: 11715: 11713: 11712: 11693: 11672: 11651: 11632: 11611: 11590: 11568: 11549: 11528: 11512: 11495: 11476: 11474: 11473: 11444: 11423: 11402: 11381: 11369: 11358: 11337: 11316: 11300: 11289: 11268: 11247: 11226: 11205: 11193: 11182: 11161: 11140: 11119: 11108:. Primus Books. 11098: 11077: 11046: 11034: 11023: 11002: 10991:. American Map. 10981: 10960: 10939: 10918: 10897: 10876: 10852: 10850: 10849: 10820: 10808: 10790: 10769: 10748: 10737:. Edward Elger. 10727: 10706: 10685: 10669: 10658: 10639: 10620: 10599: 10575: 10559: 10548: 10508:Crowley, Roger. 10505: 10484: 10463: 10442: 10421: 10400: 10388: 10374: 10353: 10334: 10313: 10292: 10271: 10269: 10268: 10239: 10218: 10216: 10214: 10190: 10169: 10148: 10127: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10089: 10074: 10068: 10067: 10052:(2nd ed.). 10043: 10037: 10036: 10034: 10032: 10013: 10004: 10001: 9995: 9994: 9992: 9991: 9982:. Archived from 9976: 9970: 9965: 9959: 9958: 9956: 9955: 9940: 9934: 9931: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9899: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9873: 9867: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9839: 9824: 9818: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9798: 9792: 9791:, pp. 11–12 9786: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9759: 9753: 9743: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9733: 9695: 9689: 9683: 9674: 9669: 9663: 9658: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9624: 9618: 9611: 9605: 9604: 9603:on June 3, 2007. 9599:. Archived from 9593: 9587: 9586: 9584: 9583: 9568: 9562: 9561: 9549: 9543: 9537: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9511: 9505: 9504: 9460: 9454: 9453:, pp. 48–61 9448: 9442: 9436: 9425: 9419: 9413: 9407: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9396: 9373: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9362: 9344: 9338: 9332: 9326: 9323: 9317: 9314: 9308: 9302: 9296: 9293: 9287: 9281: 9275: 9269: 9263: 9260: 9254: 9248: 9242: 9236: 9230: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9205: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9147: 9141: 9135: 9129: 9123: 9117: 9111: 9105: 9099: 9090: 9084: 9078: 9072: 9063: 9057: 9051: 9046: 9040: 9035: 9029: 9018: 9012: 9006: 9000: 8997: 8991: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8963: 8957: 8950: 8944: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8904: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8894: 8871: 8865: 8859: 8853: 8846: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8821: 8815: 8809: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8745: 8735: 8729: 8727: 8717: 8711: 8710: 8700: 8694: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8675: 8674: 8635: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8625: 8609: 8603: 8597: 8588: 8582: 8576: 8570: 8564: 8558: 8552: 8546: 8540: 8534: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8507: 8501: 8495: 8489: 8483: 8474: 8468: 8462: 8456: 8450: 8444: 8438: 8435: 8429: 8428:, pp. 91–92 8423: 8414: 8408: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8370: 8367: 8361: 8355: 8349: 8343: 8337: 8331: 8325: 8319: 8313: 8307: 8301: 8295: 8289: 8283: 8277: 8271: 8265: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8219: 8213: 8207: 8201: 8195: 8189: 8183: 8177: 8168: 8167:, pp. 76–78 8162: 8156: 8150: 8144: 8143: 8131: 8120: 8117: 8111: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8075: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8016: 8010: 8004: 7998: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7968: 7958: 7952: 7946: 7940: 7934: 7928: 7925: 7919: 7913: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7886: 7880: 7874: 7865: 7864:Cohen, pp. 17–18 7862: 7856: 7850: 7844: 7841: 7835: 7832: 7826: 7823: 7817: 7814: 7808: 7805: 7796: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7753: 7747: 7741: 7735: 7729: 7723: 7722:, pp. 74–82 7717: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7693: 7687: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7589: 7574: 7568: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7537: 7526:www.china.org.cn 7518: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7508: 7493: 7487: 7484: 7478: 7475: 7469: 7468: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7394: 7388: 7387: 7369: 7363: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7333: 7327: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7297: 7291: 7288: 7282: 7276: 7270: 7264: 7258: 7252: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7189: 7183: 7177: 7168: 7167:, pp. 34–45 7162: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7131:, pp. 67–83 7126: 7120: 7114: 7108: 7102: 7093: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7063: 7057: 7051: 7045: 7042:Abeyasinghe 1986 7039: 7033: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7017: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6980: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6926: 6920: 6914: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6883:, pp. 73–75 6878: 6872: 6866: 6860: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6812: 6806: 6800: 6794: 6788: 6782: 6776: 6770: 6764: 6758: 6752: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6659:(1966) pp. 92–93 6653: 6647: 6641: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6596: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6557: 6551: 6542: 6541:, pp. 15–17 6536: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6422:Goan Inquisition 6385: 6362: 6342: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6286: 6265:standard Italian 6251:), an orange is 6209:), and Romanian 5930:Jawaharlal Nehru 5891:pluricontinental 5818:Battle of La Lys 5646:Portuguese Timor 5622:Empire of Brazil 5177:northeast Brazil 5123: 4970:Spanish Habsburg 4896:rather than the 4882:José de Anchieta 4787:Native Americans 4376:Muqrin ibn Zamil 4370:, defeating the 4276:History of Qatar 4228:Moluccas islands 4164:Simão de Andrade 4157:Portuguese Macau 4084:Battle of Tunmen 4018:João da Silveira 4010:Jorge de Meneses 3999:Duarte Fernandes 3976:Francisco Serrão 3972:Antonio de Abreu 3846:Portuguese Macao 3831: 3815: 3796: 3761:Mamlûk Sultanate 3709:Tristão da Cunha 3545:, also known as 3533:The squadron of 3525:'s departure to 3502:Portuguese India 3394:Great Fish River 3360:Kingdom of Kongo 3340:Battle of Guinea 3261:Álvaro Fernandes 3216:Romanus Pontifex 3168: 3158: 3152: 3138: 3106:capture of Ceuta 3027:Treaty of Ayllón 2903:indigenous élite 2865:Portuguese Macau 2861:Portuguese India 2853:Portuguese Timor 2747:Age of Discovery 2724:colonial empires 2718:, and later the 2701: 2691: 2681: 2676: 2638:Angola (1961–74) 2633:Africa (1961–74) 2598:Angola (1914–15) 2583:Angola (1902–04) 2551:Brazil (1821–25) 2502:Brazil (1762–63) 2380:Brazil (1652–54) 2335:Angola (1641–48) 2285:Arabia (1633–43) 2048:Mangalore (1571) 1963:Arabia (1552–54) 1521: 1519: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1486: 1485: 1475: 1468: 1461: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1424:Madeiran history 1360: 1352: 1348:Financial crisis 1267:1926 coup d'état 1140:Age of Discovery 1127:1383–1385 Crisis 1102:Gharb Al-Andalus 1017: 1007: 989: 988: 965: 964: 951: 950: 937: 936: 923: 922: 909: 908: 895: 894: 881: 880: 867: 866: 853: 852: 839: 838: 825: 824: 811: 810: 797: 796: 783: 782: 769: 768: 755: 754: 743: 742: 734:Wattasid Dynasty 730: 729: 716: 715: 702: 701: 688: 687: 674: 673: 660: 659: 646: 645: 632: 631: 622:Kingdom of Kotte 618: 617: 604: 603: 590: 589: 576: 575: 562: 561: 548: 547: 534: 533: 520: 519: 510:Kingdom of Kongo 506: 505: 492: 491: 478: 477: 471: 470: 455: 454: 272:António Guterres 84: 68: 51: 43: 32: 31: 21: 17726: 17725: 17721: 17720: 17719: 17717: 17716: 17715: 17591: 17590: 17589: 17584: 17583: 17578: 17517: 17483:Interwar period 17458:Napoleonic Wars 17322: 17293:Mongol invasion 17246:Crown of Aragon 17138: 17078: 17074:Iron Age Europe 17045: 17040: 17010: 17005: 16994:American Empire 16979: 16975:African empires 16927: 16810: 16502:Central African 16448: 16266:Romano-Germanic 15852: 15586:Middle Assyrian 15559: 15551: 15546: 15516: 15511: 15498: 15491: 15484: 15471: 15447:Public holidays 15391: 15295: 15254: 15211: 15175:Law enforcement 15118: 15056: 15043: 15012: 14928:Restoration War 14788: 14779: 14749: 14744: 14638: 14590:Ramalhão Palace 14540:Bemposta Palace 14522: 14516: 14475: 14466: 14447:Lisbon Regicide 14335: 14329: 14294: 14283: 14278: 14231: 14230: 14215: 14202: 14189: 14174: 14131: 14100: 14077: 14064: 14051: 14038: 14025: 14012: 13989: 13977: 13962: 13961: 13924: 13909: 13868: 13856: 13841: 13840: 13829: 13814: 13802: 13797: 13757: 13752: 13737: 13733: 13720: 13669: 13656: 13643: 13610: 13598: 13583: 13582: 13558: 13553: 13535: 13530: 13511: 13485:(Machilipatnam) 13484: 13427: 13404: 13391: 13368: 13357:Salsette Island 13328: 13324: 13323: 13275: 13265: 13261: 13260: 13254: 13250: 13249: 13229: 13216: 13206: 13202: 13201: 13195: 13191: 13190: 13180: 13167: 13153: 13148: 13142: 13138: 13137: 13121: 13109: 13094: 13093: 12986: 12928: 12864: 12841: 12826: 12814: 12799: 12798: 12795:from the 1920s. 12763: 12726: 12707: 12692: 12682: 12649: 12638: 12624: 12573: 12518: 12487: 12474: 12450: 12438: 12405: 12393: 12382: 12369: 12368: 12353: 12340: 12327: 12314: 12301: 12288: 12275: 12260: 12239: 12216: 12193: 12180: 12179:Alcácer Ceguer 12155: 12143: 12132: 12127: 12063: 12062: 12061: 12041: 12040: 12036: 12029: 12024: 12018: 11986: 11956: 11954: 11952: 11931: 11912: 11891: 11867: 11865: 11863: 11840: 11819: 11798: 11777: 11769:. I.B. Taurus. 11756: 11735: 11710: 11708: 11690: 11669: 11629: 11608: 11587: 11565: 11546: 11525: 11492: 11471: 11469: 11462: 11441: 11420: 11399: 11378: 11355: 11334: 11313: 11286: 11265: 11244: 11223: 11202: 11179: 11158: 11137: 11116: 11095: 11074: 11043: 11020: 10999: 10978: 10957: 10936: 10915: 10904:Philip of Spain 10894: 10870: 10847: 10845: 10838: 10817: 10793:Gupta, Pamila. 10787: 10766: 10745: 10724: 10703: 10682: 10655: 10636: 10617: 10596: 10572: 10545: 10528:Wayback Machine 10502: 10481: 10460: 10439: 10418: 10397: 10371: 10350: 10331: 10310: 10289: 10266: 10264: 10257: 10236: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10187: 10166: 10145: 10124: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10096: 10087: 10085: 10076: 10075: 10071: 10064: 10056:. p. 129. 10044: 10040: 10030: 10028: 10015: 10014: 10007: 10002: 9998: 9989: 9987: 9978: 9977: 9973: 9966: 9962: 9953: 9951: 9942: 9941: 9937: 9932: 9928: 9918: 9916: 9901: 9900: 9896: 9886: 9884: 9875: 9874: 9870: 9859:Wayback Machine 9850: 9846: 9837: 9835: 9826: 9825: 9821: 9811: 9809: 9800: 9799: 9795: 9787: 9783: 9773: 9771: 9760: 9756: 9744: 9740: 9731: 9729: 9722: 9696: 9692: 9684: 9677: 9670: 9666: 9659: 9655: 9645: 9643: 9641: 9625: 9621: 9612: 9608: 9595: 9594: 9590: 9581: 9579: 9570: 9569: 9565: 9550: 9546: 9538: 9534: 9524: 9522: 9519:The Independent 9513: 9512: 9508: 9461: 9457: 9449: 9445: 9437: 9428: 9420: 9416: 9408: 9404: 9394: 9392: 9390: 9374: 9370: 9360: 9358: 9345: 9341: 9333: 9329: 9324: 9320: 9315: 9311: 9303: 9299: 9294: 9290: 9282: 9278: 9270: 9266: 9261: 9257: 9249: 9245: 9237: 9233: 9225: 9221: 9182: 9178: 9168: 9166: 9164: 9148: 9144: 9136: 9132: 9124: 9120: 9112: 9108: 9100: 9093: 9085: 9081: 9073: 9066: 9058: 9054: 9047: 9043: 9036: 9032: 9019: 9015: 9007: 9003: 8998: 8994: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8964: 8960: 8951: 8947: 8938: 8934: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8905: 8901: 8892: 8890: 8888: 8872: 8868: 8860: 8856: 8847: 8843: 8835: 8831: 8822: 8818: 8810: 8806: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8776: 8772: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8736: 8732: 8718: 8714: 8701: 8697: 8689: 8685: 8672: 8670: 8636: 8632: 8623: 8621: 8610: 8606: 8598: 8591: 8583: 8579: 8571: 8567: 8559: 8555: 8547: 8543: 8535: 8528: 8520: 8516: 8508: 8504: 8496: 8492: 8484: 8477: 8469: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8445: 8441: 8436: 8432: 8424: 8417: 8409: 8400: 8392: 8388: 8380: 8373: 8368: 8364: 8356: 8352: 8344: 8340: 8332: 8328: 8320: 8316: 8308: 8304: 8296: 8292: 8284: 8280: 8272: 8268: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8238: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8214: 8210: 8202: 8198: 8190: 8186: 8178: 8171: 8163: 8159: 8151: 8147: 8137: 8132: 8123: 8118: 8114: 8106: 8102: 8094: 8090: 8082: 8078: 8070: 8066: 8056: 8042: 8038: 8031: 8017: 8013: 8005: 8001: 7988: 7984: 7977: 7959: 7955: 7947: 7943: 7935: 7931: 7927:Goodwin, p. 184 7926: 7922: 7914: 7907: 7899: 7895: 7887: 7883: 7875: 7868: 7863: 7859: 7851: 7847: 7842: 7838: 7833: 7829: 7824: 7820: 7815: 7811: 7806: 7799: 7793:Wayback Machine 7781: 7777: 7770: 7754: 7750: 7742: 7738: 7730: 7726: 7718: 7711: 7705:O'Flanagan 2008 7703: 7699: 7694: 7690: 7682: 7678: 7671: 7653: 7649: 7641: 7637: 7629: 7625: 7617: 7608: 7600: 7596: 7587: 7585: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7558:Wayback Machine 7548: 7544: 7535: 7533: 7520: 7519: 7515: 7506: 7504: 7495: 7494: 7490: 7485: 7481: 7476: 7472: 7465: 7449: 7445: 7438: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7395: 7391: 7384: 7370: 7366: 7361: 7357: 7350: 7334: 7330: 7325: 7321: 7314: 7298: 7294: 7289: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7265: 7261: 7253: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7229: 7222: 7214: 7210: 7202: 7198: 7190: 7186: 7178: 7171: 7163: 7159: 7151: 7147: 7139: 7135: 7127: 7123: 7115: 7111: 7103: 7096: 7088: 7084: 7076: 7072: 7064: 7060: 7052: 7048: 7040: 7036: 7028: 7024: 7015: 7013: 7000: 6999: 6995: 6987: 6983: 6975: 6971: 6963: 6959: 6951: 6947: 6939: 6935: 6927: 6923: 6915: 6911: 6903: 6899: 6891: 6887: 6879: 6875: 6867: 6863: 6855: 6851: 6843: 6839: 6831: 6827: 6819: 6815: 6807: 6803: 6795: 6791: 6783: 6779: 6771: 6767: 6759: 6755: 6747:Godinho, V. M. 6746: 6742: 6734: 6730: 6722: 6718: 6710: 6706: 6698: 6694: 6684: 6679: 6675: 6667: 6663: 6654: 6650: 6642: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6618: 6614: 6606: 6599: 6591: 6587: 6579: 6575: 6567: 6560: 6552: 6545: 6537: 6533: 6525: 6521: 6513: 6509: 6501: 6497: 6489: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6432:Lusotropicalism 6403: 6396: 6386: 6377: 6363: 6354: 6343: 6334: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6309: 6305: 6303: 6294: 6287: 6123:) are the only 6111:Currently, the 6092:Presently, the 6079: 5908:In the wake of 5883: 5867:Main articles: 5865: 5793:Kionga Triangle 5788: 5772:Main articles: 5770: 5707: 5662: 5648: 5632:Main articles: 5630: 5556: 5542: 5470: 5385: 5302:Shivappa Nayaka 5266:Portuguese Navy 5234: 5224: 5121: 5038:Seven Provinces 4942:Philip I and II 4930: 4924: 4908:Main articles: 4906: 4894:ouvidor general 4700: 4635: 4630: 4624: 4553: 4453: 4445:Sinai Peninsula 4364:António Correia 4309:Portuguese Fort 4302: 4288:Portuguese Oman 4256: 4248:Bruneian Empire 4196: 4190: 4153:Macau Peninsula 4144:to Ming China. 4112:Galeote Pereira 4068:Nagasaki, Japan 4060: 4042: 4040:China and Japan 4003:Kingdom of Siam 3964:Malay Peninsula 3903:Estado da Índia 3883: 3869: 3864: 3844:Main articles: 3842: 3835: 3832: 3823: 3816: 3807: 3797: 3655:St. Angelo Fort 3516: 3496:Main articles: 3494: 3451: 3425: 3406:Pêro da Covilhã 3390:Bartolomeu Dias 3190: 3181:Pêro da Covilhã 3174: 3166: 3164: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3141:Afonso de Paiva 3136: 3092: 3086: 3078:Main articles: 3076: 2997: 2991: 2986: 2880:António Salazar 2771:Bartolomeu Dias 2674: 2659: 2654: 2618:Timor (1942–43) 2541:China (1809–10) 2472:India (1729–32) 2345:India (1644–45) 2310:India (1638–39) 2240:Malaysia (1628) 2170:Malaysia (1615) 2150:Malaysia (1606) 2145:Malaysia (1606) 2103:Malaysia (1587) 2098:Malaysia (1586) 2068:Malaysia (1575) 2063:Malaysia (1574) 2058:Malaysia (1573) 2053:India (1570–75) 2033:Goa (1570–1571) 1973:Pakistan (1557) 1958:Malaysia (1551) 1938:Malaysia (1547) 1918:Ethiopia (1543) 1913:Ethiopia (1542) 1908:Ethiopia (1542) 1903:Ethiopia (1542) 1898:Ethiopia (1542) 1888:Ethiopia (1542) 1883:Ethiopia (1541) 1848:Moluccas (1536) 1843:Malaysia (1536) 1838:Malaysia (1535) 1828:Malaysia (1534) 1763:Malaysia (1523) 1723:Malaysia (1520) 1678:Malaysia (1511) 1522: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1479: 1443: 1441: 1429: 1428: 1419:Azorean history 1414: 1404: 1403: 1374: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1350: 1321: 1311: 1310: 1282: 1280:Second Republic 1272: 1271: 1247: 1237: 1236: 1232:1910 Revolution 1197:Restoration War 1192: 1182: 1181: 1142: 1132: 1131: 1087: 1077: 1076: 1027: 1005: 998: 962: 948: 934: 920: 906: 892: 878: 864: 850: 836: 822: 808: 794: 780: 766: 752: 727: 713: 699: 685: 671: 657: 643: 629: 615: 601: 587: 573: 559: 545: 531: 517: 503: 489: 475: 442: 429: 416: 403: 390: 377: 364: 351: 338: 325: 323:Colonial Brazil 312: 299: 268: 256: 241:Prime Ministers 226: 214: 184: 172: 151: 99: 87: 75: 74: 69: 52: 45: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17724: 17714: 17713: 17708: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17688: 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17618: 17616:Former empires 17613: 17608: 17603: 17586: 17585: 17580: 17579: 17577: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17525: 17523: 17519: 17518: 17516: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17455: 17450: 17445: 17440: 17435: 17433:Russian Empire 17430: 17425: 17423:British Empire 17420: 17418:Dutch Republic 17415: 17413:Swedish Empire 17410: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17393:Spanish Empire 17390: 17385: 17383:Ottoman Empire 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17354: 17353: 17343: 17338: 17332: 17330: 17324: 17323: 17321: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17300: 17298:Serbian Empire 17295: 17290: 17285: 17280: 17275: 17270: 17265: 17243: 17238: 17233: 17232: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17206: 17205: 17204: 17199: 17191: 17186: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17170: 17169: 17159: 17154: 17148: 17146: 17140: 17139: 17137: 17136: 17134:Late antiquity 17131: 17126: 17121: 17120: 17119: 17109: 17104: 17099: 17097:Roman Republic 17094: 17088: 17086: 17080: 17079: 17077: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17061: 17055: 17053: 17047: 17046: 17039: 17038: 17031: 17024: 17016: 17007: 17006: 17004: 17003: 17002: 17001: 16996: 16987: 16985: 16981: 16980: 16978: 16977: 16972: 16967: 16962: 16957: 16952: 16951: 16950: 16939: 16937: 16933: 16932: 16929: 16928: 16926: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16904: 16903: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16848: 16847: 16846: 16841: 16831: 16826: 16820: 16818: 16809: 16808: 16807: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16791: 16786: 16776: 16771: 16770: 16769: 16759: 16754: 16753: 16752: 16747: 16742: 16732: 16727: 16726: 16725: 16720: 16710: 16709: 16708: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16688: 16678: 16677: 16676: 16671: 16661: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16645: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16629: 16624: 16614: 16613: 16612: 16607: 16597: 16592: 16591: 16590: 16585: 16575: 16574: 16573: 16568: 16558: 16557: 16556: 16551: 16541: 16536: 16535: 16534: 16529: 16524: 16519: 16514: 16504: 16499: 16498: 16497: 16492: 16484: 16479: 16474: 16469: 16464: 16458: 16456: 16450: 16449: 16447: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16430: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16389: 16384: 16383: 16382: 16377: 16372: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16347: 16346: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16280: 16279: 16278: 16273: 16263: 16262: 16261: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16241: 16236: 16223: 16218: 16213: 16208: 16207: 16206: 16201: 16196: 16186: 16185: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16134: 16133: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16107: 16106: 16105: 16100: 16095: 16090: 16080: 16079: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16038: 16037: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16016: 16011: 16010: 16009: 16004: 15999: 15994: 15989: 15984: 15974: 15973: 15972: 15967: 15957: 15956: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15930: 15925: 15924: 15923: 15913: 15912: 15911: 15906: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15862: 15860: 15858:Post-classical 15854: 15853: 15851: 15850: 15849: 15848: 15838: 15833: 15832: 15831: 15826: 15816: 15815: 15814: 15804: 15803: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15787: 15782: 15777: 15767: 15762: 15757: 15756: 15755: 15750: 15745: 15740: 15730: 15729: 15728: 15723: 15713: 15708: 15707: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15691: 15686: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15665: 15664: 15659: 15657:Middle Kingdom 15654: 15644: 15639: 15638: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15617: 15616: 15615: 15613:Neo-Babylonian 15610: 15605: 15603:Old Babylonian 15595: 15594: 15593: 15588: 15578: 15573: 15567: 15565: 15553: 15552: 15545: 15544: 15537: 15530: 15522: 15513: 15512: 15510: 15509: 15504: 15497: 15496: 15489: 15481: 15480: 15477: 15476: 15473: 15472: 15470: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15439: 15434: 15429: 15424: 15423: 15422: 15412: 15407: 15401: 15399: 15393: 15392: 15390: 15389: 15384: 15379: 15374: 15369: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15313: 15307: 15301: 15300: 15297: 15296: 15294: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15276:Stock Exchange 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15229: 15223: 15217: 15216: 15213: 15212: 15210: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15188: 15187: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15142: 15136: 15130: 15124: 15123: 15120: 15119: 15117: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15076: 15070: 15064: 15058: 15057: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15044: 15042: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15020: 15018: 15014: 15013: 15011: 15010: 15008:Third Republic 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14978:First Republic 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14948:Peninsular War 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14823: 14818: 14813: 14807: 14805: 14796: 14790: 14789: 14778: 14777: 14770: 14763: 14755: 14746: 14745: 14743: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14677: 14672: 14667: 14662: 14657: 14652: 14646: 14644: 14640: 14639: 14637: 14636: 14629: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14595:Ribeira Palace 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14526: 14524: 14518: 14517: 14515: 14514: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14483: 14481: 14477: 14476: 14469: 14467: 14465: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14369: 14367:1383–85 Crisis 14364: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14343: 14341: 14337: 14336: 14328: 14327: 14320: 14313: 14305: 14299: 14296: 14295: 14280: 14279: 14277: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14240: 14237: 14236: 14233: 14232: 14227: 14226: 14220: 14219: 14211: 14207: 14206: 14198: 14194: 14193: 14185: 14171: 14168: 14167: 14162: 14158: 14157: 14152: 14148: 14147: 14142: 14127: 14126: 14121: 14117: 14116: 14111: 14097: 14094: 14093: 14088: 14084: 14083: 14075: 14071: 14070: 14062: 14058: 14057: 14055:Rio de Janeiro 14049: 14045: 14044: 14036: 14032: 14031: 14023: 14019: 14018: 14010: 14006: 14005: 14000: 13983: 13982: 13979: 13978: 13968: 13967: 13964: 13963: 13958: 13957: 13952: 13949: 13948: 13943: 13939: 13938: 13933: 13929: 13928: 13925:(Newfoundland) 13920: 13906: 13903: 13902: 13893: 13889: 13888: 13879: 13862: 13861: 13858: 13857: 13847: 13846: 13843: 13842: 13839: 13838: 13830: 13826: 13825: 13819: 13818: 13810: 13793: 13792: 13787: 13783: 13782: 13777: 13773: 13772: 13767: 13749: 13746: 13745: 13731: 13716: 13715: 13710: 13706: 13705: 13700: 13696: 13695: 13690: 13686: 13685: 13680: 13676: 13675: 13667: 13663: 13662: 13654: 13650: 13649: 13641: 13637: 13636: 13631: 13627: 13626: 13621: 13604: 13603: 13600: 13599: 13589: 13588: 13585: 13584: 13579: 13578: 13572: 13571: 13566: 13549: 13548: 13543: 13526: 13525: 13520: 13516: 13515: 13507: 13503: 13502: 13497: 13489: 13488: 13480: 13476: 13475: 13470: 13466: 13465: 13462: 13455: 13452: 13451: 13446: 13442: 13441: 13436: 13432: 13431: 13423: 13419: 13418: 13413: 13409: 13408: 13400: 13396: 13395: 13387: 13383: 13382: 13377: 13373: 13372: 13364: 13360: 13359: 13354: 13350: 13349: 13344: 13340: 13339: 13334: 13330: 13329: 13320: 13318: 13314: 13313: 13308: 13304: 13303: 13300: 13293: 13290: 13289: 13284: 13280: 13279: 13271: 13267: 13266: 13257: 13255: 13247: 13244: 13243: 13238: 13234: 13233: 13225: 13221: 13220: 13212: 13208: 13207: 13198: 13196: 13188: 13185: 13184: 13176: 13172: 13171: 13163: 13144: 13143: 13134: 13132: 13115: 13114: 13111: 13110: 13100: 13099: 13096: 13095: 13090: 13089: 13083: 13082: 13077: 13073: 13072: 13067: 13063: 13062: 13057: 13053: 13052: 13047: 13043: 13042: 13037: 13033: 13032: 13027: 13023: 13022: 13017: 13013: 13012: 13007: 13003: 13002: 12997: 12983: 12980: 12979: 12974: 12970: 12969: 12964: 12960: 12959: 12954: 12950: 12949: 12944: 12940: 12939: 12923: 12919: 12918: 12913: 12909: 12908: 12903: 12899: 12898: 12893: 12889: 12888: 12883: 12879: 12878: 12873: 12869: 12868: 12860: 12856: 12855: 12850: 12846: 12845: 12842:(Bandar Abbas) 12837: 12820: 12819: 12816: 12815: 12805: 12804: 12801: 12800: 12797: 12796: 12789: 12782: 12775: 12772: 12764: 12760: 12759: 12753: 12752: 12747: 12743: 12742: 12737: 12722: 12721: 12716: 12712: 12711: 12703: 12688: 12687: 12680: 12676: 12675: 12670: 12666: 12665: 12660: 12646: 12643: 12642: 12634: 12630: 12629: 12622: 12618: 12617: 12612: 12608: 12607: 12602: 12598: 12597: 12592: 12588: 12587: 12582: 12578: 12577: 12569: 12565: 12564: 12559: 12555: 12554: 12549: 12545: 12544: 12539: 12535: 12534: 12529: 12515: 12512: 12511: 12506: 12502: 12501: 12496: 12492: 12491: 12483: 12479: 12478: 12470: 12466: 12465: 12460: 12456: 12455: 12448: 12444: 12443: 12436: 12432: 12431: 12426: 12422: 12421: 12416: 12399: 12398: 12395: 12394: 12384: 12383: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12370: 12365: 12364: 12358: 12357: 12349: 12345: 12344: 12336: 12332: 12331: 12323: 12319: 12318: 12310: 12306: 12305: 12297: 12293: 12292: 12284: 12280: 12279: 12271: 12257: 12254: 12253: 12248: 12244: 12243: 12235: 12231: 12230: 12225: 12221: 12220: 12212: 12208: 12207: 12202: 12198: 12197: 12189: 12185: 12184: 12176: 12172: 12171: 12166: 12149: 12148: 12145: 12144: 12134: 12133: 12126: 12125: 12118: 12111: 12103: 12097: 12096: 12089: 12084: 12082:Thomas Kitchin 12075: 12069: 12060: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12043: 12042: 12031: 12030: 12028: 12027:External links 12025: 12023: 12022: 12016: 12001: 11990: 11984: 11963: 11950: 11935: 11929: 11916: 11910: 11895: 11889: 11874: 11861: 11844: 11838: 11823: 11817: 11802: 11796: 11781: 11776:978-1845115852 11775: 11760: 11755:978-8170228486 11754: 11739: 11734:978-0520021952 11733: 11716: 11694: 11688: 11673: 11667: 11652: 11633: 11627: 11612: 11606: 11591: 11585: 11572: 11569: 11563: 11550: 11544: 11529: 11524:978-0520028098 11523: 11502: 11499:Panikkar, K.M. 11496: 11491:978-1107640764 11490: 11477: 11460: 11445: 11439: 11424: 11418: 11403: 11397: 11382: 11377:978-0231031592 11376: 11359: 11353: 11338: 11332: 11317: 11311: 11290: 11284: 11269: 11263: 11248: 11242: 11227: 11222:978-8170990468 11221: 11206: 11200: 11183: 11178:978-1598841008 11177: 11162: 11156: 11141: 11135: 11120: 11115:978-9380607016 11114: 11099: 11093: 11078: 11072: 11057: 11047: 11041: 11024: 11018: 11003: 10997: 10982: 10976: 10961: 10956:978-0415215404 10955: 10940: 10934: 10919: 10913: 10898: 10892: 10877: 10868: 10859:Historic Macao 10853: 10836: 10821: 10815: 10798: 10791: 10785: 10770: 10765:978-0700712205 10764: 10749: 10744:978-0857934260 10743: 10728: 10722: 10707: 10701: 10686: 10681:978-0816607884 10680: 10659: 10654:978-0521738224 10653: 10640: 10635:978-0521843188 10634: 10621: 10615: 10600: 10594: 10576: 10570: 10549: 10543: 10530: 10513: 10506: 10500: 10485: 10479: 10464: 10458: 10443: 10438:978-9004297203 10437: 10422: 10416: 10401: 10395: 10389:. Hutchinson. 10375: 10369: 10354: 10348: 10335: 10329: 10314: 10309:978-1405183680 10308: 10293: 10287: 10272: 10255: 10240: 10234: 10219: 10206: 10191: 10185: 10170: 10164: 10149: 10144:978-0714631646 10143: 10128: 10123:978-9555520003 10122: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10095: 10094: 10069: 10062: 10054:Guilford Press 10038: 10005: 9996: 9971: 9960: 9935: 9926: 9894: 9868: 9844: 9819: 9793: 9781: 9754: 9752:(July 7, 1975) 9738: 9720: 9690: 9675: 9664: 9653: 9639: 9619: 9606: 9588: 9563: 9544: 9532: 9521:. Oct 26, 1914 9506: 9455: 9443: 9426: 9414: 9402: 9388: 9368: 9339: 9327: 9318: 9309: 9297: 9288: 9276: 9264: 9255: 9243: 9231: 9219: 9176: 9162: 9142: 9130: 9118: 9106: 9091: 9079: 9064: 9052: 9041: 9030: 9013: 9001: 8992: 8978: 8958: 8945: 8932: 8920:978-0700712205 8919: 8899: 8887:978-0313262579 8886: 8866: 8854: 8841: 8829: 8816: 8804: 8790: 8770: 8756: 8730: 8712: 8695: 8683: 8630: 8604: 8589: 8577: 8565: 8553: 8541: 8526: 8514: 8502: 8498:Gallagher 1982 8490: 8475: 8463: 8451: 8439: 8430: 8415: 8398: 8386: 8371: 8362: 8350: 8338: 8326: 8314: 8302: 8290: 8278: 8266: 8252: 8232: 8220: 8208: 8196: 8184: 8169: 8157: 8145: 8121: 8112: 8100: 8088: 8076: 8064: 8054: 8036: 8029: 8011: 7999: 7982: 7975: 7953: 7941: 7929: 7920: 7916:Stapleton 2013 7905: 7893: 7881: 7866: 7857: 7853:Stapleton 2013 7845: 7836: 7827: 7818: 7809: 7797: 7775: 7768: 7748: 7736: 7724: 7709: 7697: 7688: 7686:, p. 1340 7676: 7669: 7663:. p. 35. 7647: 7635: 7623: 7606: 7594: 7569: 7542: 7513: 7488: 7479: 7470: 7463: 7443: 7436: 7416: 7409: 7389: 7382: 7364: 7355: 7348: 7328: 7319: 7312: 7292: 7283: 7271: 7259: 7247: 7243:Gipouloux 2011 7235: 7220: 7208: 7196: 7184: 7169: 7157: 7145: 7133: 7121: 7109: 7094: 7082: 7078:Macmillan 2000 7070: 7058: 7046: 7034: 7022: 7006:Kerala Tourism 6993: 6981: 6977:McAlister 1984 6969: 6965:McAlister 1984 6957: 6945: 6933: 6921: 6909: 6897: 6885: 6881:McAlister 1984 6873: 6861: 6849: 6837: 6835:, p. 161. 6825: 6813: 6801: 6789: 6777: 6765: 6753: 6740: 6728: 6724:Rodriguez 2007 6716: 6704: 6692: 6673: 6661: 6648: 6636: 6624: 6612: 6597: 6585: 6573: 6558: 6543: 6531: 6519: 6507: 6495: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6397: 6387: 6380: 6378: 6364: 6357: 6355: 6344: 6337: 6335: 6304: 6297: 6295: 6288: 6281: 6193:), Macedonian 6121:Savage Islands 6078: 6075: 6038:, which later 6013:Civil wars in 5864: 5861: 5826:uti possidetis 5769: 5766: 5706: 5703: 5668:The façade of 5629: 5626: 5541: 5538: 5530:"second Haiti" 5469: 5466: 5424:46%) in 1760. 5384: 5381: 5298:Maratha Empire 5251:Salvador de Sá 5223: 5220: 5202:would capture 5072:war with Spain 5030:Dutch Republic 5023:Dutch Republic 4948:In 1580, King 4905: 4902: 4890:Rio de Janeiro 4866:Flamengo Beach 4772:João de Barros 4765:islands. Each 4704:Gonçalo Coelho 4699: 4696: 4634: 4631: 4626:Main article: 4623: 4620: 4572:Francis Xavier 4552: 4549: 4478:Adal Sultanate 4465:Theodor de Bry 4452: 4449: 4336:Ottoman Empire 4326:(16th century) 4255: 4252: 4192:Main article: 4189: 4186: 4041: 4038: 3868: 3865: 3850:History of Goa 3841: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3826: 3824: 3817: 3810: 3808: 3798: 3791: 3679:Jaffna kingdom 3580:ruler of Kochi 3493: 3490: 3447:Main article: 3424: 3421: 3312:Gulf of Guinea 3286:and (largely) 3269:Gulf of Guinea 3189: 3186: 3165: 3155: 3149: 3135: 3075: 3072: 2993:Main article: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2978:British Empire 2822:Dutch Republic 2814:historiography 2777:, and in 1498 2656: 2655: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2514:Morocco (1769) 2511: 2510: 2509: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2325:Morocco (1640) 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2245:Malacca (1629) 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2140:Sumatra (1606) 2137: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2113:Mombasa (1589) 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2073:Morocco (1578) 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2043:Honavar (1571) 2040: 2035: 2030: 2028:Sumatra (1569) 2025: 2023:Malacca (1568) 2020: 2015: 2010: 2008:Morocco (1564) 2005: 2003:Morocco (1562) 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1878:Red Sea (1541) 1875: 1873:Red Sea (1541) 1870: 1868:Red Sea (1541) 1865: 1863:Red Sea (1541) 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1818:Morocco (1533) 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1793:Sumatra (1528) 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1753:Sumatra (1522) 1750: 1745: 1740: 1738:Bahrain (1521) 1735: 1733:Sumatra (1521) 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1708:Morocco (1516) 1705: 1703:Morocco (1515) 1700: 1698:Morocco (1515) 1695: 1693:Morocco (1514) 1690: 1688:Morocco (1514) 1685: 1683:Morocco (1513) 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1648:Socotra (1507) 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1608:Algeria (1501) 1605: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1591:Morocco (1490) 1588: 1586:Morocco (1489) 1583: 1581:Morocco (1487) 1578: 1573: 1571:Morocco (1471) 1568: 1566:Morocco (1471) 1563: 1561:Morocco (1468) 1558: 1553: 1551:Morocco (1458) 1548: 1546:Morocco (1437) 1543: 1541:Morocco (1419) 1538: 1536:Morocco (1415) 1532: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1512: 1511: 1504: 1497: 1489: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1470: 1463: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1438: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1415: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1353: 1345: 1343:Third Republic 1340: 1335: 1328: 1322: 1319:Third Republic 1317: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1296: 1291: 1283: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1252:First Republic 1248: 1245:First Republic 1243: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1193: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1062:Suebic Kingdom 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1028: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1010: 1009: 1000: 999: 992: 985: 984: 979: 975: 974: 971: 970: 967: 966: 959: 953: 952: 945: 943:Spanish Guinea 939: 938: 931: 925: 924: 917: 911: 910: 903: 897: 896: 889: 883: 882: 875: 869: 868: 861: 855: 854: 847: 841: 840: 833: 827: 826: 819: 813: 812: 805: 799: 798: 791: 785: 784: 777: 771: 770: 763: 757: 756: 749: 740: 737: 736: 731: 723: 722: 717: 709: 708: 703: 695: 694: 689: 681: 680: 675: 667: 666: 661: 653: 652: 647: 639: 638: 636:Jaffna Kingdom 633: 625: 624: 619: 611: 610: 605: 597: 596: 591: 583: 582: 577: 569: 568: 563: 555: 554: 549: 541: 540: 535: 527: 526: 521: 513: 512: 507: 499: 498: 493: 485: 484: 479: 467: 466: 461: 451: 450: 447: 446: 443: 437: 434: 433: 430: 424: 421: 420: 417: 411: 408: 407: 404: 398: 395: 394: 391: 385: 382: 381: 378: 372: 369: 368: 365: 359: 356: 355: 352: 346: 343: 342: 339: 333: 330: 329: 326: 320: 317: 316: 313: 307: 304: 303: 300: 294: 291: 290: 287: 286: 283: 279: 278: 275: 274: 269: 266: 263: 262: 257: 254: 251: 250: 247: 246: 243: 237: 236: 233: 232: 227: 224: 221: 220: 215: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 201: 195: 194: 191: 190: 185: 182: 179: 178: 173: 170: 167: 166: 163: 162: 159: 153: 152: 150: 149: 143: 136: 134: 130: 129: 119: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 101:Rio de Janeiro 93: 89: 88: 85: 77: 76: 70: 63: 62: 59: 58: 54: 53: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17723: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17687: 17684: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17598: 17596: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17529:Art of Europe 17527: 17526: 17524: 17520: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17496: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17449: 17446: 17444: 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17352: 17349: 17348: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17337: 17334: 17333: 17331: 17329: 17328:Modern period 17325: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17299: 17296: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17269: 17266: 17263: 17259: 17255: 17251: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17211: 17210: 17207: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17194: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17175: 17172: 17168: 17165: 17164: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17149: 17147: 17145: 17141: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17118: 17115: 17114: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17090: 17089: 17087: 17085: 17081: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17056: 17054: 17052: 17048: 17044: 17037: 17032: 17030: 17025: 17023: 17018: 17017: 17014: 17000: 16999:Soviet empire 16997: 16995: 16992: 16991: 16989: 16988: 16986: 16984:Miscellaneous 16982: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16949: 16946: 16945: 16944: 16941: 16940: 16938: 16934: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16902: 16899: 16898: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16849: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16836: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16821: 16819: 16817: 16813: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16781: 16780: 16777: 16775: 16772: 16768: 16765: 16764: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16737: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16715: 16714: 16711: 16707: 16704: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16694: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16683: 16682: 16679: 16675: 16672: 16670: 16667: 16666: 16665: 16662: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16635: 16633: 16630: 16628: 16625: 16623: 16620: 16619: 16618: 16615: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16602: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16583:German Empire 16581: 16580: 16579: 16576: 16572: 16569: 16567: 16564: 16563: 16562: 16559: 16555: 16552: 16550: 16547: 16546: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16510: 16509: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16487: 16485: 16483: 16480: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16460: 16459: 16457: 16455: 16451: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16394: 16393: 16390: 16388: 16385: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16356: 16353: 16352: 16351: 16348: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16325: 16324: 16323:Turco-Persian 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16277: 16274: 16272: 16269: 16268: 16267: 16264: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16231: 16230: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16209: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16191: 16190: 16187: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16168: 16165: 16164: 16163: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16112: 16111: 16108: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16096: 16094: 16091: 16089: 16086: 16085: 16084: 16081: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16063: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16042: 16039: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16021: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16008: 16005: 16003: 16000: 15998: 15995: 15993: 15990: 15988: 15985: 15983: 15980: 15979: 15978: 15975: 15971: 15968: 15966: 15963: 15962: 15961: 15958: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15935: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15922: 15919: 15918: 15917: 15914: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15901: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15863: 15861: 15859: 15855: 15847: 15844: 15843: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15821: 15820: 15817: 15813: 15810: 15809: 15808: 15805: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15772: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15754: 15751: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15741: 15739: 15736: 15735: 15734: 15731: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15718: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15681: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15649: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15622: 15621: 15618: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15600: 15599: 15596: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15583: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15558: 15554: 15550: 15543: 15538: 15536: 15531: 15529: 15524: 15523: 15520: 15508: 15505: 15503: 15500: 15499: 15494: 15490: 15487: 15483: 15482: 15478: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15440: 15438: 15435: 15433: 15430: 15428: 15425: 15421: 15418: 15417: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15402: 15400: 15398: 15394: 15388: 15385: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15314: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15302: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15230: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15218: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15186: 15183: 15182: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15137: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15125: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15071: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15059: 15054: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15021: 15019: 15015: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14923:Iberian Union 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14898:Consolidation 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14873: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14808: 14806: 14804: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14791: 14787: 14783: 14776: 14771: 14769: 14764: 14762: 14757: 14756: 14753: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14647: 14645: 14643:Miscellaneous 14641: 14635: 14634: 14630: 14628: 14627: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14575:Queluz Palace 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14545:Buçaco Palace 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14527: 14525: 14519: 14510: 14509: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14492:House of Aviz 14490: 14488: 14485: 14484: 14482: 14478: 14473: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14397:Iberian Union 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14344: 14342: 14338: 14334: 14326: 14321: 14319: 14314: 14312: 14307: 14306: 14303: 14297: 14293: 14287: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14241: 14238: 14225: 14218: 14212: 14209: 14208: 14205: 14199: 14196: 14195: 14192: 14186: 14183: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14172: 14166: 14163: 14160: 14159: 14156: 14153: 14150: 14149: 14146: 14143: 14140: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14125: 14122: 14119: 14118: 14115: 14112: 14109: 14108: 14105: 14103: 14098: 14092: 14089: 14086: 14085: 14082: 14076: 14073: 14072: 14069: 14063: 14060: 14059: 14056: 14050: 14047: 14046: 14043: 14037: 14034: 14033: 14030: 14024: 14021: 14020: 14017: 14011: 14008: 14007: 14004: 14001: 13998: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13987: 13986: 13980: 13973: 13969: 13956: 13953: 13947: 13944: 13941: 13940: 13937: 13934: 13931: 13930: 13927: 13921: 13918: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13907: 13901: 13900: 13899: 13894: 13891: 13890: 13887: 13886: 13885: 13880: 13877: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13866: 13865: 13859: 13852: 13848: 13836: 13832: 13831: 13824: 13817: 13811: 13808: 13807: 13804: 13800: 13791: 13788: 13785: 13784: 13781: 13778: 13775: 13774: 13771: 13768: 13765: 13764: 13761: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13741: 13736: 13732: 13729: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13714: 13711: 13708: 13707: 13704: 13701: 13698: 13697: 13694: 13691: 13688: 13687: 13684: 13681: 13678: 13677: 13674: 13668: 13665: 13664: 13661: 13655: 13652: 13651: 13648: 13642: 13639: 13638: 13635: 13632: 13629: 13628: 13625: 13622: 13619: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13608: 13607: 13601: 13594: 13590: 13577: 13570: 13567: 13564: 13563: 13560: 13556: 13547: 13544: 13541: 13540: 13537: 13533: 13524: 13521: 13518: 13517: 13514: 13508: 13505: 13504: 13501: 13498: 13495: 13494: 13487: 13483:Masulipatnam 13481: 13478: 13477: 13474: 13471: 13468: 13467: 13463: 13460: 13459: 13456: 13450: 13447: 13444: 13443: 13440: 13439:Daman and Diu 13437: 13434: 13433: 13430: 13428:(Thoothukudi) 13424: 13421: 13420: 13417: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13407: 13405:(Kodungallur) 13401: 13398: 13397: 13394: 13392:(Vasai-Virar) 13388: 13385: 13384: 13381: 13378: 13375: 13374: 13371: 13365: 13362: 13361: 13358: 13355: 13352: 13351: 13348: 13345: 13342: 13341: 13338: 13335: 13332: 13331: 13327: 13319: 13316: 13315: 13312: 13309: 13306: 13305: 13301: 13298: 13297: 13294: 13288: 13285: 13282: 13281: 13278: 13272: 13269: 13268: 13264: 13256: 13246: 13245: 13242: 13239: 13236: 13235: 13232: 13226: 13223: 13222: 13219: 13213: 13210: 13209: 13205: 13197: 13187: 13186: 13183: 13177: 13174: 13173: 13170: 13164: 13161: 13160: 13157: 13156: 13151: 13141: 13139:(Lakshadweep) 13133: 13130: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13119: 13118: 13112: 13105: 13101: 13088: 13081: 13080:Bandar-e Kong 13078: 13075: 13074: 13071: 13070:Dibba Al-Hisn 13068: 13065: 13064: 13061: 13058: 13055: 13054: 13051: 13048: 13045: 13044: 13041: 13038: 13035: 13034: 13031: 13028: 13025: 13024: 13021: 13018: 13015: 13014: 13011: 13008: 13005: 13004: 13001: 12998: 12995: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12984: 12978: 12975: 12972: 12971: 12968: 12965: 12962: 12961: 12958: 12955: 12952: 12951: 12948: 12945: 12942: 12941: 12936: 12932: 12927: 12924: 12921: 12920: 12917: 12914: 12911: 12910: 12907: 12904: 12901: 12900: 12897: 12894: 12891: 12890: 12887: 12884: 12881: 12880: 12877: 12874: 12871: 12870: 12867: 12861: 12858: 12857: 12854: 12851: 12848: 12847: 12844: 12838: 12835: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12824: 12823: 12817: 12810: 12806: 12794: 12790: 12787: 12783: 12780: 12776: 12773: 12770: 12766: 12765: 12758: 12751: 12748: 12745: 12744: 12741: 12738: 12735: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12720: 12717: 12714: 12713: 12710: 12704: 12701: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12685: 12681: 12678: 12677: 12674: 12671: 12668: 12667: 12664: 12661: 12658: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12647: 12641: 12635: 12632: 12631: 12627: 12623: 12620: 12619: 12616: 12613: 12610: 12609: 12606: 12603: 12600: 12599: 12596: 12593: 12590: 12589: 12586: 12583: 12580: 12579: 12576: 12570: 12567: 12566: 12563: 12560: 12557: 12556: 12553: 12550: 12547: 12546: 12543: 12540: 12537: 12536: 12533: 12530: 12527: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12516: 12510: 12507: 12504: 12503: 12500: 12497: 12494: 12493: 12490: 12484: 12481: 12480: 12477: 12473:Fernando Poo 12471: 12468: 12467: 12464: 12461: 12458: 12457: 12453: 12449: 12446: 12445: 12441: 12437: 12434: 12433: 12430: 12427: 12424: 12423: 12420: 12417: 12414: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12403: 12402: 12396: 12389: 12385: 12380: 12363: 12356: 12350: 12347: 12346: 12343: 12337: 12334: 12333: 12330: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12317: 12311: 12308: 12307: 12304: 12298: 12295: 12294: 12291: 12285: 12282: 12281: 12278: 12272: 12269: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12258: 12252: 12249: 12246: 12245: 12242: 12236: 12233: 12232: 12229: 12226: 12223: 12222: 12219: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12206: 12203: 12200: 12199: 12196: 12190: 12187: 12186: 12183: 12177: 12174: 12173: 12170: 12167: 12164: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12153: 12152: 12146: 12139: 12135: 12131: 12124: 12119: 12117: 12112: 12110: 12105: 12104: 12101: 12094: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12079: 12076: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12064: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12019: 12017:1-74059-421-5 12013: 12009: 12008: 12002: 11998: 11997: 11991: 11987: 11985:3-87294-202-6 11981: 11977: 11972: 11971: 11964: 11953: 11951:0-299-07450-1 11947: 11943: 11942: 11936: 11932: 11926: 11922: 11917: 11913: 11907: 11903: 11902: 11896: 11892: 11886: 11883:. Routledge. 11882: 11881: 11875: 11864: 11858: 11853: 11852: 11845: 11841: 11835: 11831: 11830: 11824: 11820: 11814: 11810: 11809: 11803: 11799: 11797:81-7022-259-1 11793: 11789: 11788: 11782: 11778: 11772: 11768: 11767: 11761: 11757: 11751: 11747: 11746: 11740: 11736: 11730: 11725: 11724: 11717: 11707:on 2013-02-04 11706: 11702: 11701: 11695: 11691: 11689:0-415-09085-7 11685: 11682:. Routledge. 11681: 11680: 11674: 11670: 11668:0-8018-5955-7 11664: 11660: 11659: 11653: 11649: 11645: 11641: 11640: 11634: 11630: 11628:972-8047-75-4 11624: 11620: 11619: 11613: 11609: 11603: 11599: 11598: 11592: 11588: 11586:0-333-57689-6 11582: 11578: 11573: 11570: 11566: 11564:0-7011-6834-X 11560: 11556: 11551: 11547: 11545:0-521-25713-1 11541: 11537: 11536: 11530: 11526: 11520: 11516: 11511: 11510: 11503: 11500: 11497: 11493: 11487: 11483: 11478: 11467: 11463: 11461:1-57607-335-1 11457: 11453: 11452: 11446: 11442: 11436: 11432: 11431: 11425: 11421: 11415: 11411: 11410: 11404: 11400: 11398:9780313262579 11394: 11391:. Greenwood. 11390: 11389: 11383: 11379: 11373: 11368: 11367: 11360: 11356: 11350: 11346: 11345: 11339: 11335: 11333:0-415-23979-6 11329: 11326:. Routledge. 11325: 11324: 11318: 11314: 11308: 11304: 11299: 11298: 11291: 11287: 11281: 11277: 11276: 11270: 11266: 11260: 11256: 11255: 11249: 11245: 11239: 11235: 11234: 11228: 11224: 11218: 11214: 11213: 11207: 11203: 11201:0-8166-1216-1 11197: 11192: 11191: 11184: 11180: 11174: 11170: 11169: 11163: 11159: 11153: 11149: 11148: 11142: 11138: 11136:9780807838839 11132: 11128: 11127: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11107: 11106: 11100: 11096: 11094:9780521116343 11090: 11086: 11085: 11079: 11075: 11073:0-313-31106-4 11069: 11065: 11064: 11058: 11056: 11052: 11048: 11044: 11042:0-521-29929-2 11038: 11033: 11032: 11025: 11021: 11015: 11011: 11010: 11004: 11000: 10998:9780887291302 10994: 10990: 10989: 10983: 10979: 10977:9780226467085 10973: 10969: 10968: 10962: 10958: 10952: 10948: 10947: 10941: 10937: 10935:9789048133246 10931: 10927: 10926: 10920: 10916: 10914:9780300078008 10910: 10906: 10905: 10899: 10895: 10889: 10885: 10884: 10878: 10875: 10871: 10869:9781143225352 10865: 10861: 10860: 10854: 10843: 10839: 10837:9780521770651 10833: 10829: 10828: 10822: 10818: 10816:0-224-60284-5 10812: 10807: 10806: 10799: 10796: 10792: 10788: 10782: 10778: 10777: 10771: 10767: 10761: 10758:. Routledge. 10757: 10756: 10750: 10746: 10740: 10736: 10735: 10729: 10725: 10719: 10715: 10714: 10708: 10704: 10702:9780719008764 10698: 10694: 10693: 10687: 10683: 10677: 10673: 10668: 10667: 10660: 10656: 10650: 10646: 10641: 10637: 10631: 10627: 10622: 10618: 10612: 10608: 10607: 10601: 10597: 10595:9780195140736 10591: 10587: 10586: 10581: 10577: 10573: 10571:0-8166-0713-3 10567: 10563: 10558: 10557: 10550: 10546: 10540: 10536: 10531: 10529: 10525: 10522: 10521:online review 10518: 10514: 10511: 10507: 10503: 10501:9781604975291 10497: 10493: 10492: 10486: 10482: 10476: 10472: 10471: 10465: 10461: 10459:9780804733595 10455: 10451: 10450: 10444: 10440: 10434: 10430: 10429: 10423: 10419: 10413: 10410:. JHU Press. 10409: 10408: 10402: 10398: 10396:0-09-131071-7 10392: 10387: 10386: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10370:9780230344266 10366: 10362: 10361: 10355: 10351: 10345: 10341: 10336: 10332: 10326: 10322: 10321: 10315: 10311: 10305: 10301: 10300: 10294: 10290: 10288:0-313-31106-4 10284: 10280: 10279: 10273: 10262: 10258: 10256:0-300-09314-4 10252: 10248: 10247: 10241: 10237: 10231: 10227: 10226: 10220: 10209: 10203: 10199: 10198: 10192: 10188: 10186:9780195337709 10182: 10178: 10177: 10171: 10167: 10161: 10157: 10156: 10150: 10146: 10140: 10137:. Routledge. 10136: 10135: 10129: 10125: 10119: 10115: 10110: 10109: 10084:on 2009-01-09 10083: 10079: 10073: 10065: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10050: 10042: 10026: 10022: 10018: 10012: 10010: 10000: 9986:on 2010-10-12 9985: 9981: 9975: 9969: 9964: 9949: 9945: 9939: 9930: 9914: 9910: 9909: 9904: 9898: 9882: 9878: 9872: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9856: 9853: 9848: 9833: 9829: 9823: 9807: 9803: 9797: 9790: 9785: 9769: 9765: 9758: 9751: 9750:Time Magazine 9747: 9742: 9727: 9723: 9721:9780190277734 9717: 9713: 9709: 9705: 9701: 9694: 9688:, p. 153 9687: 9686:Anderson 2000 9682: 9680: 9673: 9668: 9662: 9657: 9642: 9636: 9632: 9631: 9623: 9616: 9610: 9602: 9598: 9592: 9577: 9573: 9567: 9559: 9555: 9548: 9542:, p. 128 9541: 9536: 9520: 9516: 9510: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9459: 9452: 9447: 9441:, p. 134 9440: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9423: 9418: 9411: 9406: 9391: 9385: 9381: 9380: 9372: 9356: 9352: 9351: 9343: 9336: 9331: 9322: 9313: 9307:, p. 298 9306: 9301: 9292: 9285: 9280: 9273: 9268: 9259: 9252: 9247: 9240: 9235: 9228: 9223: 9214: 9213:10400.5/26870 9209: 9204: 9199: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9180: 9165: 9159: 9155: 9154: 9146: 9140:, p. 131 9139: 9134: 9128:, p. 288 9127: 9122: 9115: 9110: 9103: 9098: 9096: 9089:, p. 203 9088: 9083: 9076: 9071: 9069: 9062:, p. 168 9061: 9056: 9050: 9045: 9039: 9034: 9027: 9023: 9017: 9011:, p. 330 9010: 9005: 8996: 8981: 8979:0-8122-1845-0 8975: 8971: 8970: 8962: 8955: 8949: 8942: 8936: 8922: 8916: 8912: 8911: 8903: 8889: 8883: 8879: 8878: 8870: 8864:, p. 350 8863: 8858: 8851: 8845: 8839:, p. 169 8838: 8833: 8826: 8820: 8813: 8808: 8793: 8787: 8783: 8782: 8774: 8759: 8753: 8749: 8744: 8743: 8734: 8725: 8724: 8716: 8708: 8707: 8699: 8693:, p. 200 8692: 8687: 8679: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8646: 8640: 8634: 8620:on 2008-07-20 8619: 8615: 8608: 8602:, p. 186 8601: 8596: 8594: 8587:, p. 163 8586: 8581: 8575:, p. 250 8574: 8573:Lockhart 1983 8569: 8563:, p. 159 8562: 8557: 8551:, p. 105 8550: 8549:Anderson 2000 8545: 8538: 8533: 8531: 8524:, p. 386 8523: 8518: 8511: 8510:Anderson 2000 8506: 8499: 8494: 8487: 8486:Boyajian 2008 8482: 8480: 8473:, p. 177 8472: 8467: 8460: 8459:Schwartz 1973 8455: 8448: 8443: 8434: 8427: 8422: 8420: 8412: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8395: 8390: 8383: 8378: 8376: 8366: 8360:, p. 185 8359: 8354: 8347: 8342: 8336:, p. 246 8335: 8330: 8324:, p. 496 8323: 8322:Bakewell 2009 8318: 8311: 8310:Lockhart 1983 8306: 8299: 8294: 8288:, p. 255 8287: 8282: 8275: 8270: 8255: 8249: 8245: 8244: 8236: 8230:, p. 310 8229: 8224: 8218:, p. 694 8217: 8212: 8205: 8200: 8193: 8188: 8182:, p. 254 8181: 8176: 8174: 8166: 8161: 8154: 8149: 8141: 8135: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8116: 8110:, p. 214 8109: 8104: 8098:, p. 116 8097: 8092: 8086:, p. 464 8085: 8080: 8073: 8068: 8061: 8057: 8055:9780275968960 8051: 8047: 8040: 8032: 8030:9780190615093 8026: 8022: 8015: 8009:, p. 195 8008: 8003: 7996: 7995:0-415-32379-7 7992: 7986: 7978: 7972: 7969:. MIT Press. 7967: 7966: 7957: 7950: 7945: 7938: 7933: 7924: 7918:, p. 175 7917: 7912: 7910: 7902: 7897: 7890: 7889:Thornton 2000 7885: 7879:, p. 207 7878: 7873: 7871: 7861: 7855:, p. 121 7854: 7849: 7843:Black, p. 102 7840: 7831: 7822: 7813: 7804: 7802: 7794: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7779: 7771: 7765: 7761: 7760: 7752: 7746:, p. 138 7745: 7740: 7733: 7728: 7721: 7716: 7714: 7707:, p. 125 7706: 7701: 7692: 7685: 7680: 7672: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7651: 7644: 7639: 7633:, p. 339 7632: 7631:Whiteway 1899 7627: 7621:, p. 226 7620: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7603: 7598: 7584:on 2012-12-25 7583: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7566:0-521-24333-5 7563: 7559: 7555: 7552: 7546: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7517: 7503:on 2013-01-30 7502: 7498: 7492: 7483: 7474: 7466: 7460: 7456: 7455: 7447: 7439: 7433: 7429: 7428: 7420: 7412: 7406: 7402: 7401: 7393: 7385: 7379: 7375: 7368: 7359: 7351: 7345: 7341: 7340: 7332: 7323: 7315: 7309: 7305: 7304: 7296: 7287: 7280: 7275: 7269:, p. 202 7268: 7263: 7256: 7251: 7244: 7239: 7232: 7231:Kratoska 2004 7227: 7225: 7217: 7216:Ricklefs 1991 7212: 7206:, p. 291 7205: 7200: 7194:, p. 220 7193: 7192:de Souza 1990 7188: 7182:, p. 130 7181: 7176: 7174: 7166: 7161: 7155:, p. 238 7154: 7149: 7143:, p. 129 7142: 7137: 7130: 7125: 7118: 7113: 7106: 7101: 7099: 7091: 7086: 7079: 7074: 7067: 7062: 7056:, p. 128 7055: 7050: 7043: 7038: 7032:, p. 207 7031: 7026: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6990: 6985: 6978: 6973: 6966: 6961: 6954: 6949: 6942: 6937: 6930: 6925: 6919:, p. 176 6918: 6913: 6907:, p. 174 6906: 6901: 6895:, p. 165 6894: 6889: 6882: 6877: 6870: 6869:Anderson 2000 6865: 6858: 6853: 6846: 6845:Anderson 2000 6841: 6834: 6829: 6823:, p. 156 6822: 6817: 6811:, p. 273 6810: 6805: 6799:, p. 138 6798: 6793: 6787:, p. 232 6786: 6781: 6774: 6769: 6763:, p. 482 6762: 6757: 6750: 6744: 6738:, p. 469 6737: 6732: 6725: 6720: 6713: 6708: 6701: 6696: 6688: 6682: 6677: 6670: 6665: 6658: 6652: 6645: 6640: 6633: 6632:Anderson 2000 6628: 6621: 6616: 6609: 6604: 6602: 6594: 6589: 6582: 6577: 6570: 6565: 6563: 6555: 6550: 6548: 6540: 6535: 6529:, p. 301 6528: 6523: 6517:, p. 894 6516: 6511: 6504: 6499: 6493:, p. 481 6492: 6487: 6483: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6341: 6336: 6328:Trading posts 6301: 6296: 6292: 6285: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6262: 6261: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6163: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6109: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6087: 6083: 6074: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6016: 6011: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5943:Daman and Diu 5940: 5936: 5931: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5915: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5849:Guinea-Bissau 5846: 5842: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5814: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5765: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5711: 5702: 5700: 5699:Roberto Ivens 5696: 5692: 5687: 5686:South America 5683: 5675: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5595:Queen Maria I 5592: 5591:prince regent 5588: 5584: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5537: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5510: 5508: 5507:Enlightenment 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5474: 5464: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5445: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5404: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5380: 5378: 5369: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5294:Chimnaji Appa 5290: 5288: 5284: 5283:Iberian Union 5279: 5275: 5267: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5252: 5247: 5238: 5233: 5229: 5219: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5206:in 1650. The 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5150: 5146: 5141: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5119: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5080:Madre de Deus 5077: 5073: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5060: 5049: 5045: 5043: 5042:Habsburg rule 5039: 5035: 5031: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5006: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4977:Iberian Union 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4910:Iberian Union 4901: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4886:Estácio de Sá 4883: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4838:Guanabara Bay 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4799:Tomé de Sousa 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4773: 4768: 4767:captain-major 4764: 4760: 4756: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4649:Based on the 4644: 4639: 4629: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4548: 4546: 4541: 4537: 4536: 4530: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4507:vassal state 4506: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4448: 4446: 4441: 4437: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4401:. The Sultan 4400: 4396: 4392: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4332:Ajuran Empire 4325: 4320: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4185: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4100:Lantau Island 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4078: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3949:St. Catherine 3946: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3925: 3924:Arabian horse 3920: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3899: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3814: 3809: 3806:routes (blue) 3805: 3801: 3795: 3790: 3789: 3788: 3785: 3780: 3778: 3777:Battle of Diu 3774: 3773:Almeida's son 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3691: 3687: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3625:, Kochi) and 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3572: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3535:Vasco da Gama 3528: 3524: 3523:Vasco da Gama 3520: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3486:Vasco da Gama 3484:commanded by 3483: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3420: 3418: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3278:Expansion of 3276: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3245:Elmina Castle 3241: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3182: 3172: 3171:Vasco da Gama 3162: 3146: 3142: 3133: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2996: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2863:) and China ( 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2818:Iberian Union 2815: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2779:Vasco da Gama 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2588:Angola (1907) 2586: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2497:Brazil (1756) 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2467:Angola (1723) 2465: 2463: 2462:Brazil (1711) 2460: 2458: 2457:Brazil (1710) 2455: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2430:Angola (1681) 2428: 2426: 2425:Angola (1671) 2423: 2421: 2420:Angola (1670) 2418: 2416: 2415:Angola (1670) 2413: 2411: 2410:Brazil (1666) 2408: 2406: 2405:Angola (1665) 2403: 2401: 2400:Margão (1659) 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2375:Arabia (1650) 2373: 2371: 2370:Brazil (1649) 2368: 2366: 2365:Brazil (1648) 2363: 2361: 2360:Angola (1647) 2358: 2356: 2355:Brazil (1645) 2353: 2351: 2350:Brazil (1645) 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2340:Brazil (1641) 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2320:Brazil (1640) 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2305:Brazil (1638) 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2290:Brazil (1636) 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2280:Arabia (1633) 2278: 2276: 2275:Bengal (1632) 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2265:Brazil (1631) 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2255:Brazil (1630) 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2230:Brazil (1625) 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2220:Angola (1624) 2218: 2216: 2215:Brazil (1624) 2213: 2211: 2210:Angola (1623) 2208: 2206: 2205:Angola (1622) 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2175:Jaffna (1619) 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2118:Jaffna (1591) 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2083:Arabia (1581) 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2018:Brazil (1567) 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1993:Jaffna (1560) 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1983:Brazil (1558) 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1948:Arabia (1548) 1946: 1944: 1943:Arabia (1548) 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1758:Arabia (1523) 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1653:Arabia (1507) 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1576:Guinea (1478) 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1520: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1357: 1354: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1172:Iberian Union 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1152:House of Aviz 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1081: 1080: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 990: 983: 980: 978:Today part of 976: 960: 958: 957:Dutch Malacca 955: 954: 946: 944: 941: 940: 932: 930: 927: 926: 918: 916: 913: 912: 904: 902: 899: 898: 890: 888: 885: 884: 876: 874: 871: 870: 862: 860: 857: 856: 848: 846: 843: 842: 834: 832: 829: 828: 820: 818: 815: 814: 806: 804: 803:Guinea-Bissau 801: 800: 792: 790: 787: 786: 778: 776: 773: 772: 764: 762: 759: 758: 750: 748: 745: 744: 741: 735: 732: 725: 724: 721: 718: 711: 710: 707: 704: 697: 696: 693: 690: 683: 682: 679: 676: 669: 668: 665: 662: 655: 654: 651: 648: 641: 640: 637: 634: 627: 626: 623: 620: 613: 612: 609: 606: 599: 598: 595: 592: 585: 584: 581: 578: 571: 570: 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15591:Neo-Assyrian 15576:Neo-Sumerian 15405:Architecture 15377:Prostitution 15342:Homelessness 15322:Demographics 15238:Central bank 15180:Human rights 15145:Constitution 14998:Overseas War 14963:Liberal Wars 14907: 14870: 14684: 14680:Sebastianism 14631: 14624: 14560:Mafra Palace 14555:Évora Palace 14535:Belém Palace 14530:Ajuda Palace 14506: 14480:Royal houses 14427:April Revolt 14422:Vilafrancada 14340:Major events 14223: 14176:19th century 14175: 14173: 14133:18th century 14132: 14130: 14102:17th century 14101: 14099: 13991:16th century 13990: 13988: 13954: 13911:16th century 13910: 13908: 13896: 13895: 13882: 13881: 13870:15th century 13869: 13867: 13822: 13799:20th century 13798: 13796: 13754:19th century 13753: 13751: 13722:17th century 13721: 13719: 13612:16th century 13611: 13609: 13575: 13555:18th century 13554: 13552: 13532:17th century 13531: 13529: 13230:(Nagapatnam) 13150:16th century 13149: 13147: 13123:15th century 13122: 13120: 13086: 12988:17th century 12987: 12985: 12957:Tarut Island 12828:16th century 12827: 12825: 12813:Middle East 12779:Anosy Region 12756: 12728:19th century 12727: 12725: 12694:18th century 12693: 12691: 12651:17th century 12650: 12648: 12552:Saint Helena 12520:16th century 12519: 12517: 12407:15th century 12406: 12404: 12361: 12262:16th century 12261: 12259: 12157:15th century 12156: 12154: 12142:North Africa 12129: 12047:Online books 12037: 12006: 11995: 11969: 11955:. 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Retrieved 8242: 8235: 8223: 8211: 8199: 8194:, p. 78 8187: 8160: 8155:, p. 76 8148: 8136:, p. 14 8115: 8103: 8096:Disney 2009a 8091: 8079: 8067: 8059: 8045: 8039: 8020: 8014: 8007:Disney 2009b 8002: 7985: 7964: 7956: 7949:Mancall 2007 7944: 7939:, p. 86 7932: 7923: 7903:, p. 83 7896: 7884: 7877:Mancall 2007 7860: 7848: 7839: 7830: 7821: 7812: 7784: 7778: 7762:. ABC-CLIO. 7758: 7751: 7739: 7727: 7720:Pearson 1976 7700: 7691: 7679: 7656: 7650: 7643:Disney 2009b 7638: 7626: 7597: 7586:. Retrieved 7582:the original 7572: 7545: 7534:. Retrieved 7525: 7516: 7505:. Retrieved 7501:the original 7491: 7482: 7473: 7453: 7446: 7426: 7419: 7399: 7392: 7373: 7367: 7358: 7338: 7331: 7322: 7302: 7295: 7286: 7274: 7262: 7257:, p. 78 7250: 7238: 7233:, p. 98 7218:, p. 23 7211: 7199: 7187: 7180:Disney 2009b 7165:Shastry 2000 7160: 7148: 7141:Disney 2009b 7136: 7124: 7112: 7105:Disney 2009b 7085: 7080:, p. 11 7073: 7061: 7054:Disney 2009b 7049: 7037: 7025: 7014:. Retrieved 7005: 6996: 6984: 6979:, p. 76 6972: 6967:, p. 75 6960: 6955:, p. 13 6948: 6936: 6931:, p. 36 6924: 6912: 6900: 6888: 6876: 6871:, p. 55 6864: 6859:, p. 47 6852: 6847:, p. 59 6840: 6828: 6816: 6804: 6792: 6780: 6775:, p. 84 6768: 6761:Ponting 2000 6756: 6748: 6743: 6731: 6726:, p. 79 6719: 6707: 6702:, p. 29 6695: 6683:, p. 33 6676: 6671:, p. 68 6664: 6656: 6651: 6646:, p. 60 6639: 6634:, p. 50 6627: 6615: 6610:, p. 55 6595:, p. 21 6588: 6576: 6571:, p. 19 6556:, p. 19 6534: 6522: 6510: 6505:, p. xv 6503:Brockey 2008 6498: 6486: 6372:, alongside 6347:Se Cathedral 6313:Explorations 6272: 6267: 6258: 6252: 6240: 6229: 6218: 6206: 6198: 6190: 6182: 6177:, Bulgarian 6167:sweet orange 6164: 6148: 6137: 6110: 6102: 6091: 6048: 6031: 6012: 5999: 5987: 5964: 5952: 5910:World War II 5907: 5838: 5809: 5789: 5754:Manuel Buíça 5746:assassinated 5739: 5716: 5679: 5652:Liberal Wars 5615: 5602: 5580: 5534: 5514:Minas Gerais 5511: 5479: 5461: 5457: 5446: 5442: 5426: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5409: 5389:Minas Gerais 5386: 5374: 5355: 5333: 5327: 5291: 5271: 5261: 5243: 5185: 5161:Dutch Empire 5154: 5125: 5115: 5109: 5069: 5057: 5054: 5027: 5005:bandeirantes 5001: 4947: 4897: 4893: 4878: 4811: 4794: 4776: 4751: 4720: 4701: 4681:was granted 4648: 4604: 4584:António Mota 4569: 4533: 4531: 4502: 4470: 4388: 4329: 4284:Bandar Abbas 4280:Qeshm Island 4221: 4212:Japan voyage 4169: 4161: 4081: 4073: 4050:Nanban trade 4033: 4007: 3992: 3987:mare clausum 3957: 3928: 3917:, after the 3908: 3902: 3781: 3754: 3723:in 1506 and 3706: 3694: 3693:The carrack 3630: 3622: 3610: 3593: 3577: 3561:Indian Ocean 3554: 3532: 3478: 3452: 3414: 3387: 3316:Fernão Gomes 3314:to merchant 3305: 3277: 3265:Sierra Leone 3250: 3214: 3210:Dum Diversas 3208: 3194:Cape Bojador 3191: 3177: 3118:Prester John 3110:Cape Bojador 3093: 3060: 3031: 3004: 2998: 2941:and of many 2922: 2909:annexed the 2887:dictatorship 2884: 2877: 2838: 2803: 2791: 2773:rounded the 2744: 2710:, and later 2693: 2683: 2662: 2660: 2628:India (1961) 2623:India (1954) 2577:20th century 2566:China (1849) 2556:China (1846) 2530:19th century 2492:India (1752) 2487:India (1746) 2482:India (1746) 2452:India (1704) 2446:18th century 2435:India (1693) 2315:India (1639) 2300:India (1638) 2260:Jambi (1630) 2200:China (1622) 2155:India (1612) 2129:17th century 2078:India (1581) 2013:Japan (1565) 1998:Japan (1561) 1988:India (1559) 1933:India (1547) 1928:India (1546) 1833:Tunis (1535) 1813:India (1531) 1783:India (1526) 1748:China (1521) 1673:India (1510) 1668:India (1509) 1663:India (1508) 1643:India (1507) 1633:India (1506) 1628:India (1506) 1613:India (1504) 1597:16th century 1530:15th century 1516: 1330: 1298: 1286: 1222:Liberal Wars 1161: 901:Dutch Ceylon 594:Ming Dynasty 464:Succeeded by 463: 458: 72:Coat of arms 29: 17473:World War I 17463:Nationalism 17351:Reformation 17336:Renaissance 17308:Black Death 17241:Kievan Rus' 17144:Middle Ages 16338:Khwarezmian 16271:Carolingian 16076:Rashtrakuta 15780:Shaishunaga 15679:Hellenistic 15662:New Kingdom 15652:Old Kingdom 15352:Immigration 15327:Drug policy 15233:Agriculture 15109:Earthquakes 14993:Estado Novo 14983:World War I 14913:Renaissance 14821:Lusitanians 14811:Oestriminis 14570:Pena Palace 14214:Upper Peru 14188:Cisplatina 13946:Nova Scotia 13923:Terra Nova 13512:(Sri Lanka) 13403:Cranganore 13262:(Kozhikode) 13215:Pallipuram 13000:Khor Fakkan 12953:1521?–1551? 12777:A factory ( 12315:(El Jadida) 12289:(Essaouira) 12217:(El Jadida) 11904:. Praeger. 10031:11 December 9887:16 December 9439:Lisboa 2008 9410:Newitt 1995 9196:(1): 1–22. 8645:Navigations 8585:Newitt 2005 8561:Thomas 1997 8500:, p. 8 8447:Marley 2008 8426:Marley 2008 8411:Treece 2000 8394:Marley 2008 8382:Marley 2008 8216:Marley 2008 8204:Marley 2005 8192:Marley 2008 8165:Marley 2008 8153:Marley 2008 7807:Abir, p. 86 7744:Mathew 1988 7604:, p. 5 7255:Newitt 2005 7044:, p. 2 6857:Newitt 2005 6714:, p. 9 6644:Coates 2002 6593:Newitt 2005 6583:, p. 4 6554:Newitt 2005 6539:Newitt 2005 6289:Map of the 6243:. Also, in 6232:), Turkish 6230:p'ort'oxali 6201:), Persian 5976:Estado Novo 5768:World War I 5742:Luís Filipe 5691:Serpa Pinto 5618:Dom Pedro I 5486:captaincies 5434:manumission 5393:Mato Grosso 5379:and sugar. 5200:Al-Ya'arubs 5179:as well as 5021:, from the 4856:, Scottish 4755:captaincies 4731:São Vicente 4616:Catholicism 4592:Tanegashima 4562:requesting 4459:Portuguese 4354:, however, 4030:Hugli River 4012:discovered 3968:Abyssinians 3911:East Indies 3804:spice trade 3683:Trincomalee 3669:. Although 3661:arrived in 3437:of Portugal 3402:land-locked 3384:(1415–1769) 3370:, near the 3352:Congo River 3213:(1452) and 3206:papal bulls 3124:(1419) and 3114:spice trade 3006:reconquista 3003:lay in the 2933:and to the 2923:Estado Novo 2885:Estado Novo 2769:. In 1488, 2767:spice trade 2755:Reconquista 2135:Java (1601) 1788:Java (1527) 1359:(2020–2023) 1351:(2010–2014) 1300:Estado Novo 1117:Reconquista 1004:History of 459:Preceded by 148:(1910–1999) 142:(1415–1910) 103:(1808–1821) 17595:Categories 17236:Viking Age 17051:Prehistory 16908:Portuguese 16789:Revival Le 16779:Vietnamese 16422:Later Tran 16392:Vietnamese 16288:Singhasari 16276:Holy Roman 15900:Bulgarian 15836:Satavahana 15807:Phoenician 15743:Achaemenid 15704:Indo-Greek 15684:Macedonian 15598:Babylonian 15427:Literature 15197:Parliament 15160:Government 14988:28 de Maio 14856:Al-Andalus 14523:residences 14512:(disputed) 13942:1516–1579? 13932:1500–1579? 13919:1500–1579? 13790:Ilha Verde 13740:East Timor 13426:Tuticorin 13322:Chittagong 13228:Negapatam 13179:Cannanore 13108:South Asia 12943:1521–1529? 12912:1515–1633? 12788:from 1879. 12771:from 1753. 12663:Ziguinchor 12595:Madagascar 12429:Cape Verde 12328:(Azemmour) 12010:. Ibrasa. 11711:2012-11-29 11648:B0006BWO3O 11472:2020-10-03 10848:2016-05-16 10267:2015-06-18 10088:2010-04-21 9990:2010-08-12 9954:2010-08-12 9838:2010-04-26 9732:2022-03-22 9582:2014-08-06 9060:Boxer 1969 9009:Ahmed 2011 8926:2017-08-27 8893:2017-08-27 8673:2022-03-26 8657:: 81–116. 8624:2009-05-08 8522:Boxer 1969 8471:Kamen 1999 8358:Ladle 2000 7769:0275988767 7619:Dodge 1976 7602:Jesus 1902 7588:2013-04-18 7536:2013-05-03 7507:2013-04-18 7204:Mehta 1980 7016:2014-09-01 6929:Boxer 1969 6797:White 2005 6773:Davis 2006 6700:Boxer 1969 6569:Boxer 1969 6473:References 6366:Portuguese 6254:portogallo 6249:Neapolitan 6219:bourtouqal 6158:people in 6129:East Timor 6108:in Macau. 6032:retornados 6028:East Timor 6019:Mozambique 6000:retornados 5996:Mozambique 5857:Mozambique 5841:Cape Verde 5522:Tiradentes 5449:earthquake 5377:brazilwood 5323:Portuguese 5198:under the 5149:Pernambuco 5126:Itinerario 5110:Itinerario 5106:Linschoten 4972:rule in a 4926:See also: 4862:Gloria Bay 4795:capitanias 4791:sugar cane 4783:sugar cane 4779:Pernambuco 4763:Cape Verde 4655:John Cabot 4490:Gelawdewos 4258:See also: 4122:arquebuses 4044:See also: 4022:Chittagong 4014:New Guinea 3919:Cape route 3871:See also: 3733:Madagascar 3715:conquered 3641:appointed 3603:Tangasseri 3599:Fort Kochi 3556:pau-brasil 3441:of Castile 3364:Cape Cross 3334:, a large 3273:Cape Verde 3267:, and the 3251:The first 3088:See also: 2859:in India ( 2804:When King 2667:Portuguese 1718:Goa (1517) 1190:Bragantine 1097:Al-Andalus 817:Cape Verde 789:Mozambique 199:Presidents 133:Government 112:Portuguese 48:Portuguese 17283:Feudalism 17254:Catalonia 16901:Couronian 16539:Ethiopian 16527:Manchukuo 16482:Brazilian 16328:Ghaznavid 16298:Srivijaya 16249:Trebizond 16234:Byzantine 16216:North Sea 16211:Norwegian 16199:Almoravid 16182:Ilkhanate 16152:Majapahit 16125:Muromachi 16034:Solomonic 16019:Ethiopian 15933:Caliphate 15866:Aragonese 15694:Ptolemaic 15437:Monuments 15357:Languages 15332:Education 15291:Transport 15207:President 15165:Judiciary 15150:Elections 15114:Volcanoes 15079:Mountains 15062:Geography 14851:Visigoths 14831:Gallaecia 14826:Lusitania 14675:Miguelism 14216:(Bolivia) 14197:1809–1817 14190:(Uruguay) 14184:1808–1822 14161:1772–1775 14151:1772–1775 14141:1751–1772 14120:1680–1777 14110:1621–1751 14087:1536–1620 13999:1500–1822 13815:(Hengqin) 13730:1642–1975 13709:1580–1586 13699:1557–1999 13693:Larantuka 13689:1515–1859 13679:1512–1665 13630:1512–1621 13620:1511–1641 13519:1558–1573 13506:1518–1658 13496:1518–1521 13449:Mangalore 13276:(Pulicat) 13194:1659–1661 13131:1498–1545 13066:1624–1648 13016:1621–1622 12973:1588–1648 12963:1550–1551 12922:1521–1602 12892:1515–1650 12872:1515–1648 12859:1515–1622 12849:1507–1643 12836:1506–1615 12746:1885–1974 12736:1879–1974 12715:1753–1975 12708:(Mombasa) 12706:Mombassa 12702:1728–1729 12679:1687–1974 12669:1680–1961 12659:1645–1888 12639:(Mombasa) 12637:Mombassa 12633:1593–1698 12621:1588–1974 12611:1575–1975 12601:1557–1578 12591:1508–1547 12581:1506–1511 12568:1505–1512 12558:1503–1698 12548:1502–1659 12538:1501–1975 12528:1500–1630 12505:1498–1540 12495:1482–1642 12482:1482–1637 12469:1478–1778 12459:1474–1778 12447:1471–1975 12435:1470–1975 12425:1462–1975 12415:1455–1633 12348:1577–1589 12335:1515–1541 12322:1513–1541 12309:1506–1769 12296:1506–1525 12283:1506–1525 12270:1505–1541 12234:1488–1541 12211:1485–1550 12201:1471–1662 12188:1471–1550 12175:1458–1550 12165:1415–1640 10809:. Knopf. 9501:162822016 9485:0018-246X 9026:1057-1515 8691:Lach 1994 8663:0874-8438 7279:Lach 1994 6681:Daus 1983 6581:Abernethy 6478:Citations 6260:purtuallo 6226:ფორთოხალი 6211:portocală 6207:porteghal 6191:portokali 6187:πορτοκάλι 6185:), Greek 6175:portokall 6088:in Lisbon 6063:Hong Kong 5727:Cape Town 5581:In 1808, 5438:mulattoes 5413:Paulistas 5397:gold rush 4898:ouvidores 4876:natives. 4870:Parapapuã 4858:Calvinist 4850:Mem de Sá 4826:São Paulo 4712:Francis I 4663:Greenland 4661:explored 4535:prazeiros 4505:Kongolose 4366:captured 4346:state of 4340:conquered 4126:bird guns 4116:matchlock 3985:Iberian ' 3938:privateer 3932:from the 3926:imports. 3915:Velha Goa 3779:in 1509. 3737:Mauritius 3671:Cankili I 3627:Cannanore 3547:Kozhikode 3474:longitude 3458:New World 3431:The 1494 3388:In 1488, 3356:Diogo Cão 3336:Castilian 3280:sugarcane 3226:latitudes 3198:Gil Eanes 3029:in 1411. 3013:from the 2708:factories 2692:) or the 1057:Gallaecia 1052:Lusitania 432:1974–1975 419:1961–1974 367:1640–1668 354:1588–1654 341:1580–1640 188:Manuel II 118:Religion 57:1415–1999 17522:See also 17493:Cold War 17288:Crusades 17258:Valencia 16881:Japanese 16844:Scottish 16824:American 16816:Colonial 16745:Imperial 16713:Moroccan 16649:Japanese 16627:Afsharid 16486:Burmese 16472:Austrian 16427:Later Le 16402:Early Le 16387:Venetian 16313:Tiwanaku 16226:Hellenic 16189:Moroccan 16120:Kamakura 16110:Japanese 16093:Saffarid 16046:Georgian 15960:Chalukya 15938:Rashidun 15928:Calakmul 15896:Bruneian 15775:Haryanka 15753:Sasanian 15748:Parthian 15699:Bactrian 15689:Seleucid 15669:Goguryeo 15647:Egyptian 15581:Assyrian 15571:Akkadian 15562:Colonies 15502:Category 15452:Religion 15362:Naturism 15192:Military 15128:Politics 15039:Language 15029:Military 15017:By topic 14883:Monarchs 14836:Hispania 14816:Ophiussa 14803:Timeline 14786:articles 14782:Portugal 14114:Maranhão 14091:Barbados 13936:Labrador 13713:Nagasaki 13683:Makassar 13546:Mylapore 13523:Maldives 13500:Maldives 13369:(Mumbai) 13311:Mylapore 13181:(Kannur) 12931:Muharraq 12791:Part of 12784:Part of 12774:Or 1600. 12767:Part of 12562:Zanzibar 12452:Príncipe 12440:São Tomé 12354:(Asilah) 12341:(Mehdya) 12313:Mazagan 12287:Mogador 12276:(Agadir) 12251:Graciosa 12215:Mazagan 12194:(Asilah) 11466:Archived 10842:Archived 10582:(2006). 10524:Archived 10381:(1969). 10261:Archived 10025:Archived 9948:Archived 9913:Archived 9881:Archived 9864:BBC News 9855:Archived 9832:Archived 9806:Archived 9768:Archived 9726:Archived 9576:Archived 9525:July 24, 8667:Archived 7789:Archived 7684:Ooi 2004 7554:Archived 7530:Archived 7267:Ooi 2009 7010:Archived 6953:Scammell 6401:See also 6395:, Kenya. 6241:birtukan 6234:portakal 6223:Georgian 6215:البرتقال 6199:portokal 6195:портокал 6183:portokal 6179:портокал 6156:Kristang 6040:occupied 5947:captured 5914:Cold War 5834:Tanzania 5762:republic 5719:Pink Map 5587:Dom João 5490:Salvador 5417:Emboabas 5362:Catholic 5335:concelho 5330:Candolim 5192:Safavids 5076:captured 5059:asientos 4974:dynastic 4854:Huguenot 4834:smallpox 4814:Salvador 4723:João III 4683:donatary 4600:Nagasaki 4596:firearms 4540:chikunda 4513:Afonso I 4461:carracks 4356:resisted 4334:and the 4224:Magellan 4134:Frankish 4104:Shuangyu 4092:Tuen Mun 3995:A Famosa 3787:ruling. 3667:cinnamon 3594:Immanuel 3582:and the 3543:Zamorins 3529:in 1497. 3410:Ethiopia 3324:alluvial 3308:Afonso V 3253:feitoria 3161:Ethiopia 3067:conquest 2968:". The 2947:returned 2857:enclaves 2798:Nagasaki 2704:colonies 1435:Timeline 1397:Military 1385:Language 1377:Archives 1085:Medieval 1006:Portugal 995:a series 993:Part of 982:Portugal 157:Monarchs 146:Republic 140:Monarchy 17363:Baroque 17262:Majorca 17174:Francia 16948:largest 16943:Empires 16923:Swedish 16918:Spanish 16913:Russian 16876:Italian 16851:Chinese 16839:English 16834:British 16829:Belgian 16804:Vietnam 16794:Tay son 16740:Tsarist 16735:Russian 16730:Ottoman 16696:Dzungar 16691:Khoshut 16664:Mexican 16659:Maratha 16642:Pahlavi 16622:Safavid 16617:Iranian 16544:Haitian 16507:Chinese 16467:Ashanti 16439:Wagadou 16365:Eastern 16360:Western 16343:Timurid 16303:Tibetan 16293:Songhai 16283:Serbian 16204:Almohad 16194:Idrisid 16098:Samanid 16088:Tahirid 16083:Iranian 16061:Kannauj 16041:Genoese 15977:Chinese 15970:Eastern 15965:Western 15953:Fatimid 15948:Abbasid 15943:Umayyad 15916:Burmese 15876:Ayyubid 15871:Angevin 15841:Xianbei 15829:Eastern 15824:Western 15770:Magadha 15733:Iranian 15726:Xiongnu 15711:Hittite 15620:Chinese 15608:Kassite 15557:Ancient 15549:Empires 15486:Outline 15462:Symbols 15415:Cuisine 15397:Culture 15372:Poverty 15347:Housing 15305:Society 15286:Tourism 15261:Fishing 15221:Economy 15099:Regions 15089:Islands 15024:Economy 14794:History 14203:(Amapá) 13884:Madeira 13770:Coloane 13647:Ternate 13390:Baçaím 13380:Ponnani 13367:Bombay 13259:Calicut 13168:(Kochi) 13166:Cochim 13076:1624?–? 13040:Libedia 13006:1621?–? 12926:Bahrain 12902:1515?–? 12876:Quriyat 12865:(Ormus) 12863:Hormuz 12585:Socotra 12574:(Kilwa) 12572:Quíloa 12532:Malindi 12486:Elmina 12475:(Bioko) 12463:Annobón 12352:Arzila 12326:Azamor 12228:Ouadane 12205:Tangier 12192:Arzila 11957:12 July 11868:10 July 11053:(1997) 10213:12 July 9968:pt:CPLP 9919:12 July 9812:12 July 9646:12 July 9493:2638392 9395:10 July 9361:10 July 9169:10 July 8985:10 July 8797:10 July 8763:10 July 8678:Redalyc 8259:10 July 6393:Malindi 6374:Chinese 6268:arancia 6247:(e.g., 6238:Amharic 6160:Malacca 6117:Madeira 5813:U-boats 5797:Madeira 5502:mestizo 5494:Jesuits 5453:tsunami 5348:Fidalgo 5332:in the 5325:rule. 5304:of the 5300:and by 5296:of the 5278:Tangier 5165:Malacca 4993:António 4966:Morocco 4820:led by 4818:Jesuits 4759:Madeira 4614:spread 4496:in the 4431:Humayun 4427:Red Sea 4423:Bassein 4391:Mughals 4368:Bahrain 4313:Bahrain 4034:Chatins 3962:on the 3960:Malacca 3763:sultan 3721:Red Sea 3717:Socotra 3647:Viceroy 3631:Canonor 3588:Calicut 3584:Zamorin 3539:Calicut 3470:leagues 3466:duopoly 3417:padrões 3398:Ptolemy 3368:Namibia 3344:João II 3296:Antwerp 3292:Algarve 3288:Genoese 3230:Senegal 3221:caravel 3122:Madeira 3096:Infante 3039:crusade 3023:Castile 3019:Algarve 2907:Dahomey 2867:). 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