Orkney - Knowledge

1330: 1265: 1074: 5150: 5214: 1399: 3612: 982: 2333: 4654: 5005: 1736: 4021: 850: 767: 4412: 2387: 1800: 123: 1119: 136: 4456: 5406:, which stated that the project "has been hit by alleged sabotage after the destruction and theft of traps that have also killed and injured household pets and other animals" but added that the £6 million programme was supported by most islanders. Another news item stated that some of the traps had "caught and killed family pets as well as hundreds of other animals". A subsequent report confirmed that "Police Scotland is investigating a number of incidents involving damage to and the theft of stoat traps in Orkney". 3767: 1211: 1382:, Orkney was largely Jacobite in its sympathies. At the end of the 1715 rebellion, a large number of Jacobites who had fled north from mainland Scotland sought refuge in Orkney and were helped on to safety in Sweden. In 1745, the Jacobite lairds on the islands ensured that Orkney remained pro-Jacobite in outlook and was a safe place to land supplies from Spain to aid their cause. Orkney was the last place in the British Isles that held out for the Jacobites and was not retaken by the 13106: 5348: 100: 86: 5886:, although no written records survive. No certain knowledge of any pre-Pictish language exists anywhere in Scotland, but there may well have been times of significant overlap. For example, the early Scottish Earls spoke Gaelic when the majority of their subjects spoke Norn, and both of these languages were then replaced by Insular Scots. It is therefore possible that the Pictish aristocracy spoke one language and the common folk an unknown precursor such as 5523: 4996:, based in Kirkwall. The library service provides access to over 145,000 items. They have a wide range of fiction and non-fiction titles available for loan as well as audiobooks, maps, eBooks, music CDs, and DVDs. Orkney Library and Archive operates a Mobile Library Service that serves the rural parishes and islands of Orkney. The Mobile Library carries a wide range of books and audiobooks suitable for all ages and is completely free to use. 8003: 11325: 5537: 5451: 15882: 1969: 8007: 311: 5509: 1987: 1951: 1825: 1915: 1843: 1807: 1861: 1933: 1897: 1879: 143: 3863: 5873:" The centre offers developers the opportunity to test prototype devices in unrivalled wave and tidal conditions. Wave and tidal energy converters are connected to the national grid via seabed cables running from open-water test berths into an onshore substation. Testing takes place in a wide range of sea and weather conditions, with comprehensive round-the-clock monitoring." 4428:

group of 5,000-year-old sites that include the preserved village of Skara Brae and the Ring of Brodgar stone circle". The Hoy area's landscape is also attractive to visitors, "with its scattered woodland, steep valleys, high cliffs and the famous Old Man, a withered red sandstone sea stack". In 2017, 62% of tourists to Orkney visited for its heritage. The

10197: 5842:. On 28 May the next year he also pawned Shetland for 8,000 Rhenish guilders. He secured a clause in the contract that gave future kings of Norway the right to redeem the islands for a fixed sum of 210 kg of gold or 2,310 kg of silver. Several attempts were made during the 17th and 18th centuries to redeem the islands, without success. 4550:

conversion system", developed by a consortium known as the HyDIME project. Initially hydrogen was to power only the auxiliary engine but the plan calls for later using this fuel for the primary engine. The report suggested that "if all goes well, hydrogen ferries could be sailing between Orkney's islands within six months".

4403:: "blighting business activity, travel and tourism". On 1 February 2021, a new plan (subsequent to previous funding schemes) from the Scottish government was announced. The Island Equivalent Payment Fund was designed to "provide the equivalent of Level 4 support to eligible businesses in Orkney and other island areas". 10195: 4532:

stated that "Orkney creates more clean electricity than its inhabitants need. Even after exporting to the UK national grid, the islands' winds, waves and tides generate about 130% of the electricity its population needs – all of it from clean sources". A report about sustainable energy in the islands

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A report published in February 2020 stated that spending by visitors increased from £49.5 million in 2017 to £67.1 million in 2019, making this a significant sector of the economy. The primary attractions that encourage tourism include the "Heart of Neolithic Orkney" on the main island, defined as "a

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The navy base became run down after the war, eventually closing in 1957. The problem of a declining population was significant in the post-war years, though in the last decades of the 20th century, there was a recovery and life in Orkney focused on growing prosperity and the emergence of a relatively

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The Scandinavian peoples, relatively recent converts to Christianity, tended to confer martyrdom and sainthood on leading figures of the day who met violent deaths. Magnus and Haakon Paulsson had been co-rulers of Orkney, and although he had a reputation for piety, there is no suggestion that Magnus

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In 2018, a stoat eradication project was presented by NatureScot to be applied "across Orkney Mainland, South Ronaldsay, Burray, Glimps Holm, Lamb Holm and Hunda, and the biosecurity activities delivered on the non-linked islands of the archipelago". The Orkney Native Wildlife Project planned to use

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as part of a new project" starting in 2021. A hydrogen combustion engine system was to be connected to the airport's heating system. The scheme planned to reduce the significant emissions that were created with older technology that heated buildings and water. This was part of the plan formulated by

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Additional specific information about the status of the hydrogen scheme was published in late November 2020 by Orkney Islands Council. A few weeks earlier, another report indicated that the world's first hydrogen-fueled ferry was to be tested on the Orkney Islands, using "a hydrogen/diesel dual fuel

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67.2% of voters in Orkney voted no to the question "Should Scotland be an independent country?" This was the highest no vote by percentage in any council area in Scotland. Turnout for the referendum was at 83.7% in Orkney with 10,004 votes cast in the area against independence by comparison to 4,883

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The average annual rainfall varies from 850 millimetres (33 in) to 940 millimetres (37 in). Winds are a key feature of the climate and even in summer there are almost constant breezes. In winter, there are frequent strong winds, with an average of 52 hours of gales being recorded annually.

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In the modern era, the population peaked in the mid-19th century at just over 32,000 and declined for a century thereafter to a low of fewer than 18,000 in the 1970s. Declines were particularly significant in the outlying islands, some of which remain vulnerable to ongoing losses. Although Orkney is

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there are around 1,500 businesses on the island. More than 90% have fewer than 10 employees. 11,000 jobs, of which around 5,000 are part-time ... There's not much manufacturing, beyond food and drink processing (think cheese and whisky), and apart from the Flotta oil terminal, it lacks big private

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is relatively mild and the soils are extremely fertile; most of the land is farmed, and agriculture is the most important sector of the economy. The significant wind and marine energy resources are of growing importance; the amount of electricity that Orkney generates annually from renewable energy

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Orkney's success in creating hydrogen using clean energy demonstrates that it can be done at scale. The islands are already using hydrogen to power vehicles, and it will soon be used to heat a local primary school. Now, Orkney is hoping to use hydrogen fuel cells to power a seagoing vessel able to

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were built to close most of the access channels; these had the additional advantage of creating causeways enabling travellers to go from island to island by road instead of being obliged to rely on ferries. The causeways were constructed by Italian prisoners of war, who also constructed the ornate

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The soil of Orkney is generally very fertile and most of the land is taken up by farms, agriculture being by far the most important sector of the economy and providing employment for a quarter of the workforce according to a 2008 report. More than 90% of agricultural land is used for grazing for

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The history of Orkney prior to this time is largely the history of the ruling aristocracy. From then on ordinary people emerge with greater clarity. An influx of Scottish entrepreneurs helped to create a diverse and independent community that included farmers, fishermen and merchants that called

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The volume of visitors arriving on ferries declined substantially in 2020, by 71%, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A news report added that cruise ships also did not arrive and there were "no day trippers and no holiday lets" as of 25 April 2020. Several major events were cancelled: St Magnus

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The introduction of a ground predator like the stoat to islands such as Orkney, where there are no native ground predators, is very bad news for Orkney's native species. Stoats are accomplished predators and pose a very serious threat to Orkney's wildlife, including: the native Orkney vole,

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began the implementation of a Regional Power Zone in the Orkney archipelago, involving "active network management" that will make better use of existing infrastructure and allow a further 15 MW of new "non-firm generation" output from renewables onto the network. 1.5 MW of

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registered enterprises 55% were in agriculture, forestry and fishing, 12% in manufacturing and construction, 12% in wholesale, retail and repairs, and 5% in hotels and restaurants. A further 5% were public service related. 55% of these businesses employ between 5 and 49 people.

829:, fewer large stone structures were built (although the great ceremonial circles continued in use) as metalworking was slowly introduced to Britain from Europe over a lengthy period. There are relatively few Orcadian sites dating from this era although there is the impressive 5815:

has gained some currency of late. The idea is however dismissed out of hand by many scholars. For example, Thompson (2008) states "Henry's fictitious trip to America continues to receive a good deal of unfortunate publicity, but it belongs to fantasy rather than real

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and said, "I order you and all your subjects to be baptised. If you refuse, I'll have you killed on the spot and I swear I will ravage every island with fire and steel." Unsurprisingly, Sigurd agreed and the islands became Christian at a stroke, receiving their own

3797:. The Mainland is split into areas called East and West Mainland. These areas are determined by whether they lie east or west of Kirkwall. The bulk of the mainland lies west of Kirkwall, with comparatively little land east of Kirkwall. West Mainland parishes are: 10958: 5712:

Sigurd The Mighty's son Gurthorm ruled for a single winter after Sigurd's death and died childless. Rognvald's son Hallad inherited the title but, unable to constrain Danish raids in Orkney, he gave up the earldom and returned to Norway, which according to the

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is a native of Orkney, a term that reflects a strongly held identity with a tradition of understatement. Although the annexation of the earldom by Scotland took place over five centuries ago in 1472, some Orcadians regard themselves as Orcadians first and

4489:, off the northern island of Eday. At the official opening of the Eday project the site was described as "the first of its kind in the world set up to provide developers of wave and tidal energy devices with a purpose-built performance testing facility." 1346:

Agricultural improvements beginning in the 17th century resulted in the enclosure of the commons and ultimately in the Victorian era the emergence of large and well-managed farms using a five-shift rotation system and producing high-quality beef cattle.

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The northern group of islands is the most extensive and consists of a large number of moderately sized islands, linked to the Mainland by ferries and by air services. Farming, fishing and tourism are the main sources of income for most of the islands.

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Anderson notes "'The Orkneys' is now, perhaps thankfully, out of fashion, but the fact is that it was once in fashion." The BBC in Scotland generally avoid this usage e.g. although there are numerous examples of its continuing use elsewhere e.g.

5051:. This dialect is at a low ebb due to the pervasive influences of television, education, and the large number of incomers. However, attempts are being made by some writers and radio presenters to revitalise its use and the distinctive sing-song 1759:. Orkney lies between 58°41′ and 59°24′ north, and 2°22′ and 3°26′ west, measuring 80 kilometres (50 mi) from northeast to southwest and 47 kilometres (29 mi) from east to west, and covers 975 square kilometres (376 sq mi). 4565:

and will spread to other areas of Scotland that have access to clean electricity. To achieve that goal, the government announced an investment of £100 million in the hydrogen sector "for the £180 million Emerging Energy Technologies Fund".

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Ferries serve both to link Orkney to the rest of Scotland, and also to link together the various islands of the Orkney archipelago. Ferry services operate between Orkney and the Scottish mainland and Shetland on the following routes:

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not indigenous to the culture of the islands. However, at least two tartans with Orkney connections have been registered and a tartan has been designed for Sanday by one of the island's residents, and there are pipe bands in Orkney.

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listed two options. A new cable could be laid for exporting of energy to the mainland but another proposal has progressed rapidly since that time: making "excess renewable power into another fuel – such as hydrogen – and then it".

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in many ways very distinct from the other islands and archipelagos of Scotland these trends are very similar to those experienced elsewhere. The archipelago's population grew by 11% in the decade to 2011 as recorded by the

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are found on western Hoy, on Deerness in eastern Mainland and on Shapinsay. Correlation between the Hoy volcanics and the other two exposures has been proposed, but differences in chemistry mean this remains uncertain.

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in Canada. The harsh winter weather of Orkney and the Orcadian reputation for sobriety and their boat handling skills made them ideal candidates for the rigours of the Canadian north. During this period, burning

1788:, or "roosts" as some of them are called locally, off many of the isles are swift, with frequent whirlpools. The islands are notable for the absence of trees, which is partly accounted for by the strong winds. 8796:

Chalmers, Jim "Agriculture in Orkney Today" in Omand (2003) p. 127, 133 quoting the Scottish Executive Agricultural Census of 2001 and stating that 80% of the land area is farmed if rough grazing is included.

8038: 4360:. In recent years there has been growth in other areas including tourism, food and beverage manufacture, jewellery, knitwear, and other crafts production, construction and oil transportation through the 5690:

lay at the northern extremity of the British Isles. Similarly, Ritchie describes Tacitus' claims that Rome "conquered" Orkney as "a political puff, for there is no evidence of Roman military presence".

1781:, but the watercourses are merely streams draining the high land. The coastlines are indented, and the islands themselves are divided from each other by straits generally called "sounds" or "firths". 9315: 11112:

Beuermann, Ian "Jarla Sǫgur Orkneyja. Status and power of the earls of Orkney according to their sagas" in Steinsland, Gro; Sigurðsson, Jón Viðar; Rekda, Jan Erik and Beuermann, Ian (eds) (2011)

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on common issues, such as broadband connectivity, and provide a platform for them to communicate directly with the government on the challenges island communities face in terms of levelling up.

10873: 951:, as evidenced by several islands bearing the epithet "Papa" in commemoration of these preachers. Before the Gaelic presence could establish itself the Picts were gradually dispossessed by the 1470:

classless society. Orkney was rated as the best place to live in Scotland in both 2013 and 2014, and in 2019 the best place to live in the UK, according to the Halifax Quality of Life survey.

7393: 5272:. There are five distinct varieties, found on the islands of Sanday, Westray, Rousay, South Ronaldsay, and the Mainland, all the more remarkable as the species is absent on mainland Britain. 6644: 10732: 9655: 4256:

chose not to contest the seat to give the movement a "free run". Their candidate, John Goodlad, came 4th with 3,095 votes, 14.5% of those cast, but the experiment has not been repeated.

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and air connections to the other islands and to the outside world. The island is more heavily populated (75% of Orkney's population) than the other islands and has much fertile

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Fishing has declined in importance, but still employed 345 individuals in 2001, about 3.5% of the islands' economically active population, the modern industry concentrating on

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The Devonian and older rocks of Orkney are cut by a series of WSW–ENE to N–S trending faults, many of which were active during deposition of the Devonian sequences. A strong

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that is up to 800 metres (870 yd) thick in places. It lies unconformably upon steeply inclined flagstones, the interpretation of which is a matter of continuing debate.

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oil terminal. Retailing accounts for 17.5% of total employment, and public services also play a significant role, employing a third of the islands' workforce. There are two

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that draws on the islands' Scandinavian connections. Local customs in the past included marriage ceremonies at the Odin Stone that formed part of the Stones of Stenness.

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in Scotland and realigned the boundaries of many of Scotland's counties. Subsequently, Orkney County Council was created in 1890. Orkney County Council was based at the

10654: 8086: 4485:(EMEC) is a research facility operating a grid-connected wave test site at Billia Croo, off the west coast of the Orkney Mainland, and a tidal power test site in the 11073: 8296: 4275: 1318:

fishery. There is little evidence of an Orcadian fleet until the 19th century, but it grew rapidly, and 700 boats were involved by the 1840s with Stronsay and later

1140:). Along with Sigurd's other sons he ruled Orkney during the first half of the 11th century and extended his authority over a small maritime empire stretching from 10798: 8030: 4268: 1043:

received Orkney and Shetland from Harald as an earldom as reparation for the death of his son in battle in Scotland, and then passed the earldom on to his brother

7163: 4645:, between the islands of Westray and Papa Westray, is scheduled at two minutes' duration but can take less than one minute if the wind is in the right direction. 17470: 4817:

on Westray with Papa Westray - this provides a vital local service for schoolchildren on Papay as well as supplementing existing through sailings from Kirkwall.

9758: 9073: 7834: 926:. The list names six provinces in Roman Britannia: the sixth is the dubious "Orcades provincia", the possible existence of which recent researches re-evaluate. 7742: 10851: 10003: 8529: 16812: 12689: 9303: 9128: 8994: 1089:

Initially a pagan culture, detailed information about the turn to the Christian religion in the islands of Scotland during the Norse era is elusive. The

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When the sagas were written down Orkney had been Christian for 200 years or more and this conversion tale has been described as "blatantly unhistorical".

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and Orkney Islands Council. A report issued in October 2020 stated that over 5,000 traps had been deployed. Specifics were provided as to the locations.

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lies to the east of Scapa Flow and is linked by causeway to South Ronaldsay, which hosts cultural events such as the Festival of the Horse and the Boys'

10517: 7032: 6370: 10706: 9459: 5322:, since they are confined to the foreshore for most of the year to conserve the limited grazing inland. The island was also a habitat for the Atlantic 10772: 9491: 9102: 3801:, Sandwick, Birsay, Harray, Stenness, Orphir, Evie, Rendall and Firth. East Mainland Parishes are: St Ola, Tankerness, St Andrews, Holm and Deerness. 9850: 6127: 5481:

Orkney as a whole, since 1887, has been associated specifically with and as a recruiting area of the following military units that have received the

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on the Mainland, has been dated to 6820–6660 BC, indicating the presence of Mesolithic nomadic tribes. The earliest known permanent settlement is at

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remains from this period are less impressive, the fertile soils and rich seas of Orkney probably provided the Picts with a comfortable living. The

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sheep and cattle, with cereal production utilising about 4% (4,200 hectares (10,000 acres)) and woodland occupying only 134 hectares (330 acres).

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The islands are mainly low-lying except for some sharply rising sandstone hills on Mainland, Rousay and Hoy (where the tallest point in Orkney,

800:, Europe's best-preserved Neolithic settlement, is believed to have been inhabited from around 3100 BC. Other remains from that era include the 15116: 8547: 4520:

Orkney has one of the highest uptakes of electric vehicles in the UK with more than 2% of the vehicles on the road being electric, as of 2019.

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and Finstown (7), the 8 (which does a circular route to and from Kirkwall and Finstown via Stromness and the West Mainland villages, such as

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Genetic studies have shown that 25% of the gene pool of Orkney derives from Norwegian ancestors who occupied the islands in the 9th century.

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In 2021, the island's three-vehicle minibus service for disabled people was a target for hackers seeking a £1,000 ransom in cryptocurrency.

3842:, which lie 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of the archipelago, but form part of Orkney for local government purposes. In island names, the 2483:. The average temperature for the year is 8 °C (46 °F); for winter 4 °C (39 °F) and for summer 12 °C (54 °F). 1446:. Most ships were salvaged, but the remaining wrecks are now a favoured haunt of recreational divers. One month into World War II, a German 17420: 15228: 13419: 13403: 12685: 11997: 7437: 642: 10628: 7722: 1054:, Rognvald's son by a slave, who founded a dynasty that controlled the islands for centuries after his death. He was succeeded by his son 171: 15406: 15284: 12720: 10584: 7558: 6292: 6263: 2360:

series, as may be seen on the Mainland, where a narrow strip is exposed between Stromness and Inganess, and again in the small island of

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and complete darkness is unknown. This long twilight is known in the Northern Isles as the "simmer dim". Winter nights are long. On the

17435: 15238: 14248: 10821: 7874: 7787: 6475: 5427: 4278:, an "Island Forum" was proposed, which would allow local policymakers and residents in Orkney to work alongside their counterparts in 10187:"'We are Orcadian first, and Scottish second' many people would tell me during the course of my fieldwork." McClanahan, Angela (2004) 4395:

employers ... Fisheries off Orkney are only half as important to employment as in Shetland, and farming is roughly twice as important.

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in 681 in which Orkney was "annihilated" may have led to a weakening of the local power base and helped the Norse come to prominence.

822:. According to Dr Hugo Anderson, the second object was as the "size of a cricket ball, perfectly spherical and beautifully finished". 515:

visited Britain – probably sometime between 322 and 285 BC – and described it as triangular in shape, with a northern tip called

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The expression "ferry louper" has a literal meaning of "ferry jumper" i.e. one who has jumped off a ferry as distinct from a native.

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Coull (2003) quotes the old saying that an Orcadian is a farmer with a boat, in contrast to a Shetlander, who is a fisherman with a

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The island is mostly low-lying (especially East Mainland) but with coastal cliffs to the north and west and two sizeable lochs: the

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and other standing stones. Many of the Neolithic settlements were abandoned around 2500 BC, possibly due to changes in the climate.

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from the late 8th century onwards. The nature of this transition is controversial, and theories range from peaceful integration to

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They were certainly politically organised. Ritchie notes the presence of an Orcadian ruler at the court of a Pictish high king at

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In September 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of two polished stone balls in a 5500-year-old Neolithic burial tomb in

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In addition to the Mainland, most of the remaining islands are divided into two groups: the North Isles and the South Isles. The

10068: 8602: 7221: 5785:"St Magnus Cathedral still dominates the Kirkwall skyline – a familiar, and comforting sight, to Kirkwallians around the world." 17425: 16073: 14354: 13077: 12681: 9720: 4642: 4579: 1292: 1272: 871:

built about 700 BC and similar finds have been made at Bu on the Mainland and Pierowall Quarry on Westray. The most impressive

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Abrams, Lesley "Conversion and the Church in the Hebrides in the Viking Age: "A Very Difficult Thing Indeed" in Ballin Smith

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with 700 trees and lush gardens was created from a boggy hillside near Stenness during the second half of the 20th century.

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In July 2023, Orkney Council were investigating proposals to change its status, looking at options that included becoming a

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Thompson (2008) suggests that there was an element of Roman "boasting" involved, given that it was known to them that the

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Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two)

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sources exceeds its demand. Temperatures average 4 °C (39 °F) in winter and 12 °C (54 °F) in summer.

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The Seaforth Highlanders, Queens Own Highlanders, The Highlanders Regiment and 4th Battalion Royal Regiment of Scotland.

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and have a rich body of folklore. Orkney contains some of the oldest and best-preserved Neolithic sites in Europe; the "

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Lamb (2003) counted 60 words "with correlates in Old Norse only" and 500 Scots expressions in common use in the 1950s.

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the Scottish government for the Highlands and Islands "to become the world's first net zero aviation region by 2040".

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have led excavations at the Ness of Brodgar, contributing to tourism to the area and driving interest in archaeology.

995:(on the right, with fair hair) took control of Orkney in 875. He is shown here inheriting his kingdom from his father 16093: 15666: 12943: 11405: 11317: 11303: 11276: 11213: 11185: 11171: 11157: 11143: 11107: 11012: 10261: 10119: 10054: 9070: 7831: 7705:

Marshall, J.E.A., & Hewett, A.J. "Devonian" in Evans, D., Graham C., Armour, A., & Bathurst, P. (eds) (2003)

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that provides a food source for many species of fish, seabirds, seals, whales and dolphins, and are now protected as

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The Orkney Movement, a political party that supported devolution for Orkney from the rest of Scotland, contested the

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The other islands in the group are classified as north or south of the Mainland. Exceptions are the remote islets of

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The Heart of Neolithic Orkney in its Contemporary Contexts: A case study in heritage management and community values

9338:"Press release: Energy system of the future to be demonstrated in Orkney : EMEC: European Marine Energy Centre" 7739: 6003: 902:

invasion of Britain the "King of Orkney" was one of 11 British leaders who is said to have submitted to the Emperor

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Native Orcadians refer to the non-native residents of the islands as "ferry loupers" ("loup" meaning "jump" in the

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and many dialect words of Norse origin remain in use. The Orcadian word most frequently encountered by visitors is

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breed that has evolved to eat seaweed. Their unique genetic inheritance makes them of interest to conservationists.

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Ioannis Tzetzes, Chiliades, book 8, 8.63 CONCERNING THE ISLES OF THE HESPERIDES AND THE BRITISH ISLES (STORY 218)

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The first averages table below is for the largest settlement Kirkwall's weather station, the second is for the

17: 8563: 8428:

Lawson Handley, L-J; Byrne, K.; Santucci, F.; Townsend, S.; Taylor, M.; Bruford, M. W.; Hewitt, G. M. (2007).

3661:

covering 34 rural settlements. Ten of these CCAs were formed on Mainland, replacing 13 civil parishes and two

17430: 17384: 17338: 17223: 17097: 16514: 16489: 16068: 15321: 12540: 10514: 10214: 9739: 9341: 8133: 7029: 6462: 6367: 4653: 4482: 4463: 4459: 4390:

A new report, published in September 2020, provided updates about several significant aspects of the economy:

4166: 1226: 944:

began to influence the islands towards the close of the Pictish era, perhaps principally through the role of

887:. The nature and origin of these buildings is a subject of debate. Other structures from this period include 408: 16702: 11518: 9455: 7814:. (pdf) "Caledonian Igneous Rocks of Great Britain: Late Silurian and Devonian volcanic rocks of Scotland". 6848: 1062:

often used Orkney as a raiding base before being killed in 954. Thorfinn's death and presumed burial at the

17440: 17203: 17198: 16524: 15279: 14517: 14385: 14339: 13325: 12936: 12342: 12322: 11557: 10764: 10110: 9481: 9094: 8912: 8769: 7660: 6546: 5999: 5749:

at different times during the early period and from the mid-twelfth century to 1472 was subordinate to the

5419: 4493: 4471: 4249: 2379:

in age, is dominated by lacustrine beds of the lower and upper Stromness Flagstones that were deposited in

1149: 164: 16762: 15956: 14854: 10337: 9847: 5043:, which lingered until the end of the 18th century, when it eventually died out. Norn was replaced by the 4838: 17193: 16697: 16389: 16284: 15861: 15331: 15258: 14943: 14158: 14148: 14030: 13611: 13181: 13163: 12959: 12665: 12555: 12412: 11983: 10449: 9539: 9280: 5601: 5591: 864: 801: 618: 381: 16792: 16469: 16309: 14294: 11114:

Ideology and power in the Viking and Middle Ages: Scandinavia, Iceland, Ireland, Orkney and the Faeroes

9999:"The ogham-inscribed spindle-whorl from Buckquoy: evidence for the Irish language in pre-Viking Orkney?" 8968: 8583:"Social Work Inspection Agency: Performance Inspection Orkney Islands Council 2006. Chapter 2: Context." 5949:

The word is of uncertain origin and has also been attested in the Lothians and Fife in the 19th century.

4937:

ferry to and from Aberdeen and Lerwick, at Hatston Ferry Terminal, to Kirkwall, Finstown and Stromness.

1021:

expeditions carried out against Norway and the coasts of mainland Scotland. In response, Norwegian king

17037: 16569: 16539: 16424: 16164: 15614: 15358: 15253: 15233: 14970: 14481: 13521: 12706: 12372: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 9869: 8157: 7931: 7683:"2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland - Release 1C (Part Two)" 5171: 5167: 4993: 4178: 3650: 1480: 1323: 13105: 10680: 4067:

are both linked by ferry to the Mainland and Hoy, and the latter is known for its large oil terminal.

1156:

in 1066. Paul and Erlend quarrelled as adults and this dispute carried on to the next generation. The

17379: 17042: 16414: 16088: 15111: 14824: 14582: 14314: 14309: 13854: 13596: 13137: 12655: 12630: 12620: 12610: 12570: 12565: 10315: 10277: 9998: 9603: 9191: 8513: 8227: 6684: 6052:

MacMahon, Peter and Walker, Helen (18 May 2007) "Winds of change sweep Scots town halls". Edinburgh.

5636: 5606: 5394: 5177:

The Scottish mainland is often referred to as "Scotland" in Orkney, with "the mainland" referring to

4726:

Inter-island ferry services connect all the inhabited islands to Orkney Mainland and are operated by

4497: 4429: 4416: 3825: 1314:

From at least the 16th century, boats from mainland Scotland and the Netherlands dominated the local

1196: 1153: 490: 17263: 13484: 11116:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 A.D. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. 8652: 8544: 16887: 16439: 16409: 16404: 16124: 15736: 15391: 15263: 14892: 14844: 14344: 13844: 13804: 12995: 12744: 12645: 12640: 12535: 12507: 12334: 12282: 6010: 5566: 4474:

has recently come into prominence. Although Orkney is connected to the mainland, it generates over

4376: 4159: 2016: 1484: 1311:

and who proved themselves increasingly able to defend their rights against their feudal overlords.

1222: 892: 396: 276: 242: 38: 16972: 16254: 8938: 7871: 5581: 17410: 17107: 17052: 16782: 16509: 16359: 16314: 16274: 14420: 14184: 14097: 13734: 12870: 12530: 12487: 12417: 11550: 7682: 5746: 5514: 5415: 4974: 4622: 4379:). With the Deerness Distillery, a third whisky distillery is to be added in the summer of 2023. 4253: 4201: 1351: 1336:

1654 map of Orkney and Shetland. Mapmakers at this time continued to use the original Latin name

737:

Usage of the plural "Orkneys" dates from the 18th century or earlier and was used by for example

31: 17238: 17082: 16732: 7434: 6488:“Winterwatch 2024 - Meet the presenters and find out more about this season's wildlife stories”. 3657:, which had an advisory, rather than an administrative role. Orkney's parishes were replaced by 17188: 16757: 16494: 16299: 16289: 16184: 16019: 14936: 14650: 14532: 14364: 13849: 13688: 13678: 13348: 13044: 13032: 13007: 12698: 12650: 12625: 12615: 12402: 11913: 11582: 11441:

Nicol, Christopher (2012) Eric Linklater's Private Angelo and The Dark of Summer Glasgow: ASLS

7719: 5750: 5331: 5021: 4475: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4182: 3750: 3635: 3628: 1439: 1284: 1133: 952: 542: 447: 420: 416: 247: 106: 17278: 17077: 16159: 14319: 10581: 9809: 8137: 7542: 6286: 6251: 4435:

During most years, the islands are the home of several international festivals, including the

4411: 2375:

The Middle Devonian is divided into three main groups. The lower part of the sequence, mostly

1179:

owed allegiance both to Norway for Orkney and to the Scottish crown through their holdings as

17233: 17132: 16917: 16737: 16119: 16078: 16039: 15971: 15941: 15659: 15539: 15384: 15080: 14768: 14724: 14329: 14234: 14118: 13990: 13683: 13468: 13292: 12550: 12520: 12515: 12367: 12220: 10494: 9241:. (2007) Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution and Southern Electric Power Distribution. 8841: 8582: 6712: 5883: 5795: 5315: 5308: 4866: 4681: 3866: 2447:

that originated from the bed of the North Sea demonstrate the influence of ice action on the

2150: 1976: 1383: 1296: 1268: 880: 463: 17318: 16797: 16712: 16662: 14773: 13473: 11527: 8913:"Erste Orkney-Brennerei seit 138 Jahren: Fassverkauf finanziert Bau der Deerness Distillery" 8516:. alba.org.uk – "The almanac of Scottish elections and politics". Retrieved 9 February 2010. 7784: 6329: 5798:

on South Ronaldsay but there is no evidence for this other than the coincidence of the name.

2467:

Orkney has a cool temperate climate that is remarkably mild and steady for such a northerly

1073: 1029:, comprising Orkney and Shetland, in 875 (it is clear that this story, which appears in the 1013:

saw a significant influx of Norwegian settlers during the late 8th and early 9th centuries.

17343: 17258: 17122: 17017: 16997: 16621: 16519: 16479: 16474: 16454: 16419: 16354: 16264: 16229: 16189: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16034: 15946: 15158: 15000: 14799: 14466: 14441: 14359: 14304: 14268: 13954: 13923: 13719: 13284: 13173: 13072: 13067: 12729: 12670: 12635: 12585: 12560: 12225: 11892: 10569:

Trichecodon huxlei (Mammalia: Odobenidae) in the Pleistocene of southeastern United States.

10458: 9311: 5812: 5556: 5113: 4858: 4630: 3714:

South Ronaldsay and Burray (union of ancient parishes of St Mary's, St Peter's, and Burray)

2476: 1192: 1040: 1036: 412: 17283: 16772: 16244: 14611: 8109:"Local government legislation - County and Parishes viewer - National Library of Scotland" 7804: 5561: 4553:

Kirkwall Airport in Orkney was scheduled "to have its heat and power decarbonised through

694: 523:, from which Orkney is visible. Writing in the 1st century AD, the Roman geographers 8: 17288: 17183: 17102: 16867: 16722: 16449: 16399: 16379: 16319: 16279: 16204: 16056: 15913: 15624: 15544: 15401: 15348: 15336: 15037: 14656: 14622: 14486: 14476: 14471: 14133: 13772: 13714: 13601: 13369: 13302: 12545: 12492: 12382: 9626:"Council, SIC moves ahead in developing hydrogen as an alternative fuel 2 September 2020" 8469: 7636: 7509: 7237: 6607:"Two mysterious stone balls found buried in 5,500-year-old 'disappearing' tomb in Orkney" 6096:

Breeze, David J. "The ancient geography of Scotland" in Smith and Banks (2002) pp. 11–13.

5482: 5128: 4478:

according to a 2015 report. This comes mainly from wind turbines situated across Orkney.

4189: 4174: 3828: 2495: 2490:

To tourists, one of the fascinations of the islands is their "nightless" summers. On the

1777:, can be found) and rugged cliffs on some western coasts. Nearly all of the islands have 1300: 1204: 1169: 1129: 1122: 945: 868: 497: 455: 404: 17298: 16892: 16269: 15821: 14410: 10929: 10903: 10462: 9652:"Scotland Invests in Offshore Wind and Tidal Energy for Green Hydrogen 20 December 2020" 9252:

Facilitate generation connections on Orkney by automatic distribution network management

7084: 5430:, is also located in the islands. The seas to the northwest of Orkney are important for 4933:, Quoyloo, Dounby and Stenness), and the X10, which connects the late-night call of the 4695:

on South Ronaldsay (seasonal passenger only service, operated by John o' Groats Ferries)

1359:

briefly became a mainstay of the islands' economy. For example, on Shapinsay over 3,000

1225:

in Orkney, en route to mainland Scotland, created a disputed succession that led to the

910:(modern Colchester). After the Agricolan fleet had come and gone, possibly anchoring at 624:

ending. Some earlier sources alternatively hypothesise that Orkney comes from the Latin

122: 17273: 17268: 17213: 16832: 16777: 16667: 16554: 16459: 16384: 16374: 16304: 16259: 16234: 16224: 16194: 16154: 16134: 15816: 15796: 15434: 15396: 15379: 15326: 15300: 15126: 15072: 14819: 14804: 14709: 14604: 14405: 14324: 14163: 13739: 13501: 13129: 13051: 12830: 12600: 12595: 11877: 11838: 11638: 11036:"Royal Navy divers take to the streets of Orkney after their awarded Freedom of Orkney" 10482: 10443:

Haynes, S., Jaarola M., & Searle, J.B. (2003). "Phylogeography of the common vole (

9020: 7456:

Scotland's Census 2001 – Occasional Paper No 10: Statistics for Inhabited Islands

6308: 5900: 5742: 5182: 4966: 4826: 4440: 4298: 4096: 4084: 3798: 3794: 1458: 1451: 1411: 1387: 1180: 1082: 1044: 1022: 992: 923: 761: 621: 16962: 14572: 13223: 8349: 8108: 7591: 6499: 17358: 17293: 17253: 17243: 17218: 17127: 17112: 17027: 16952: 16897: 16822: 16752: 16707: 16594: 16464: 16434: 16429: 16394: 16364: 16344: 16329: 16249: 16129: 16083: 16029: 15951: 15856: 15604: 15495: 15353: 14839: 14834: 14699: 14491: 14461: 14425: 14143: 14123: 14079: 14005: 14000: 13755: 13724: 13516: 13312: 12881: 12482: 12457: 12447: 12392: 12260: 11882: 11872: 11487: 11477: 11463: 11442: 11432: 11418: 11401: 11387: 11371: 11313: 11299: 11286: 11272: 11258: 11240: 11223: 11209: 11195: 11181: 11178:

West Over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300

11167: 11153: 11139: 11125: 11103: 10601: 10474: 10470: 10191: 10115: 10065: 10050: 9994: 9095:"Covid in Scotland: NorthLink ferry passengers down 71% on last year 7 December 2020" 8866: 8719: 8451: 7548: 7218: 6411:

The University of California, Irvine. Revised 8 March 2003. Retrieved 4 October 2007.

6339: 5109: 4982: 4934: 4807: 4711: 4702: 4698: 4613:

Within Orkney, the council operates airports on most of the larger islands including

4603: 4595: 4400: 4147: 4006: 3994: 3654: 3639: 3553: 3181: 2472: 2433: 2341: 2327: 2160: 1994: 1767: 1214: 996: 976: 750: 545:

had "discovered and subjugated the Orcades hitherto unknown" (although both Mela and

451: 439: 16717: 16339: 13761: 9717: 6163: 4447:

Festival, Orkney Folk Festival, Stromness Shopping Week and the Agricultural Shows.

1350:

In the 17th century, Orcadians formed the overwhelming majority of employees of the

1264: 419:, one of only three councils in Scotland with a majority of elected members who are 17323: 17248: 17228: 17208: 17142: 17087: 17072: 17057: 17002: 16842: 16827: 16369: 16349: 16334: 16324: 16239: 16219: 16209: 16199: 16139: 16004: 15936: 15652: 15599: 15465: 15457: 15442: 15374: 15341: 15051: 14849: 14809: 14747: 14671: 14577: 14522: 14415: 14138: 14128: 14069: 13995: 13944: 13859: 13729: 13374: 13213: 12784: 12660: 12590: 12467: 12362: 12240: 12167: 11949: 11848: 11597: 11234: 11121: 10486: 10466: 10414: 10296: 8441: 8318: 7228:

University Library, University in Bergen. (Norwegian). Retrieved 13 September 2009.

6769: 5336: 5284: 5178: 5085: 5052: 5044: 4970: 4962: 4886: 4799: 4771: 4685: 4657: 4614: 4607: 4591: 4583: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4420: 4372: 4322: 3809: 3761: 2510: 2506:

can occasionally be seen on the northern horizon during moderate auroral activity.

2357: 2353: 2220: 2120: 1922: 1763: 1379: 1245: 1217:

stained glass window depicting "Margaret, queen of Scotland and daughter of Norway"

1112: 1107: 1094: 1078: 915: 914:, direct Roman influence seems to have been limited to trade rather than conquest. 884: 774: 707: 482: 377: 325: 16787: 16672: 9924: 9759:"Orkney minibus service for disabled targeted by international ransomware hackers" 9727:

Westray and Papa Westray Craft and Tourist Associations. Retrieved 7 January 2010.

9367: 8197: 7632: 7468: 6443: 3726:

Stronsay (union of ancient parishes of Lady, St Nicholas, and Stronsay St Peter's)

17405: 17333: 17092: 17007: 16967: 16947: 16932: 16912: 16857: 16852: 16847: 16817: 16641: 16609: 16504: 16294: 16214: 16149: 16144: 16114: 15781: 15729: 15619: 15508: 15470: 15212: 15153: 15029: 14902: 14887: 14859: 14829: 14814: 14794: 14638: 14632: 14547: 14451: 13980: 13949: 13864: 13396: 13379: 13320: 13153: 13148: 12845: 12820: 12815: 12749: 12575: 12357: 12352: 12134: 12060: 11908: 11683: 11653: 11532: 11522: 10588: 10521: 10421: 10360: 10341: 10322: 10304: 10284: 10265: 10246: 10201: 10175: 10138: 10072: 9873: 9854: 9835: 9816: 9743: 9724: 9705: 9686: 9428: 9260: 9250: 9161: 9077: 8848: 8826: 8639: 8589: 8570: 8551: 8533: 8501: 8385: 8183: 8164: 7938: 7919: 7900: 7838: 7811: 7791: 7746: 7726: 7644: 7617: 7598: 7520: 7512: 7475: 7441: 7245: 7225: 7167: 7091: 7036: 6987: 6778: 6691: 6553: 6525: 6506: 6450: 6427: 6420: 6408: 6374: 6238: 6231: 6212: 6181: 6115: 6108: 6072: 6065: 5794:

It is often believed that the princess's death is associated with the village of

5715: 5528: 5381: 5300: 5276: 5241: 5233: 5163: 5071: 4986: 4834: 4739: 4692: 4626: 4599: 4486: 4302: 4238: 4080: 4056: 3931: 3927: 3882: 3789:, are on this island, which is also the heart of Orkney's transport system, with 2503: 2444: 2230: 2090: 1868: 1748: 1442:

was transferred in its entirety to Scapa Flow to await a decision on its future.

1244:

Evidence of the Viking presence is widespread and includes the settlement at the

1165: 1067: 1031: 987: 812: 770: 731: 608: 546: 426:

The islands have been inhabited for at least 8,500 years, originally occupied by

52: 17147: 17067: 10538: 8631: 8398: 7956: 6150:

ac simul incognitas ad id tempus insulas, quas Orcadas vocant, invenit domuitque

5462: 5389:"humane DOC150 and DOC200 traps". The partners in the five-year project include 4399:

The report expressed concern about the loss of business caused by the worldwide

1001: 17374: 16987: 16957: 16574: 15988: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15485: 15475: 15447: 15195: 15178: 15173: 15042: 14917: 14627: 14617: 14395: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14153: 14113: 14092: 14020: 14010: 13908: 13869: 13798: 13340: 13228: 13187: 13039: 13027: 12982: 12800: 12774: 12477: 12442: 12437: 12291: 12042: 11918: 11673: 11410: 10571:, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 122:129–142. 10168: 7912: 7394:"Orkney crowned best place to live in the UK in Halifax quality of life survey" 6399: 6202: 5576: 5542: 5253: 5202: 5132: 4969:, broadcasts twice daily, with local news and entertainment. Orkney also had a 4862: 4743: 4727: 4668: 4634: 4554: 4283: 4103: 4072: 4052: 4048: 4024: 3955: 3886: 3805: 3624: 2423: 2391: 2380: 2250: 2005: 1774: 1752: 1747:, a ten-kilometre-wide (6 mi) seaway between Brough Ness on the island of 1744: 1463: 1403: 1253: 1184: 1026: 981: 934: 834: 819: 598: 528: 365: 269: 229: 211: 92: 15513: 9698: 9513: 9151: 7893: 6303:. (English translation, with translator's notes, of Torfaeus, Thormodus, 1697) 5851:

For example at the Fall of Warness the tide can run at 4 m/s (7.8 knots).

1386:

until 24 May 1746, over a month after the defeat of the main Jacobite army at

17399: 17328: 17162: 16742: 16631: 15786: 15771: 15724: 15480: 15163: 14959: 14912: 14897: 14882: 14869: 14778: 14752: 14737: 14689: 14552: 14390: 14273: 14015: 13970: 13928: 13918: 13621: 13478: 13411: 12902: 12887: 12825: 12795: 12789: 12605: 12525: 12377: 12347: 12250: 12083: 11813: 11658: 11380: 11349:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 279–281. 11336: 11331: 10606: 10239: 9954: 9679: 9156: 8258: 7878: 7707:

The Millennium Atlas: petroleum geology of the central and northern North Sea

7013: 6206: 5738: 5292: 5089: 5048: 5040: 4897:(3), from Kirkwall and Finstown to Tingwall (from which there are ferries to 4365: 4291: 4205: 4107: 3982: 3943: 3851: 3060: 2448: 2415: 1234: 1230: 1200: 1059: 853: 838: 808: 789: 486: 376:

and has about 70 islands, of which 20 are inhabited. The largest island, the

186: 173: 9894: 9304:"Pioneering Orkney energy project offers glimpse of fossil fuel-free future" 9239:

Registered Power Zone Annual Report for period 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2007

7286:

Thomson, William P.L. "Agricultural Improvement" in Omand (2003) pp. 93, 99.

5318:

is an unusual breed of domesticated animal, subsisting largely on a diet of

4977:, which broadcast to Kirkwall and parts of the mainland and also to most of 1287:, in his capacity as King of Norway, as security against the payment of the 380:, has an area of 523 square kilometres (202 sq mi), making it the 17062: 16927: 16747: 16604: 15918: 15908: 15801: 15629: 15594: 14907: 14732: 14562: 14537: 14380: 14334: 13985: 13975: 13788: 13218: 13197: 12917: 12912: 12892: 12860: 12805: 12769: 12580: 12497: 12462: 12387: 12245: 12154: 12149: 12139: 12119: 11823: 11808: 11724: 11703: 11663: 10478: 10447:) with particular emphasis on the colonization of the Orkney archipelago". 10131: 10095: 8747: 8455: 8446: 8429: 7265:

Crawford, Barbara E. "Orkney in the Middle Ages" in Omand (2003) pp. 78–79.

7112:

Crawford, Barbara E. "Orkney in the Middle Ages" in Omand (2003) pp. 72–73.

7066:

Crawford, Barbara E. "Orkney in the Middle Ages" in Omand (2003) pp. 66–68.

5887: 5882:

There is convincing place-name evidence for the Picts' use of Brythonic or

5861: 5280: 5245: 4985:

broadcasts throughout Orkney on an FM transmitter just outside Thurso. The

4950: 4910: 4906: 4795: 4735: 4618: 4368: 4119: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3962: 3935: 3894: 2499: 1431: 1333: 1280: 1210: 1063: 899: 793: 738: 553: 14446: 13261: 11008: 10442: 10258: 8684:"Scottish independence: no campaigners buoyed by first referendum results" 7657:"Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland" 6637:"Archaeologists discover rare stones in a 'disappearing' tomb in Scotland" 5347: 4252:(a coalition of the Orkney movement and its equivalent for Shetland). The 4083:

on the third Saturday in August. It is also the location of the Neolithic

938: 671: 626: 17117: 17047: 16902: 16636: 16599: 16584: 16444: 15775: 15709: 15694: 15609: 15190: 15090: 14400: 14299: 14168: 13913: 13693: 12835: 11959: 11688: 11643: 11206:

The 45: Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising

11176:

Ballin Smith, Beverley; Taylor, Simon; and Williams, Gareth (eds) (2007)

10373: 8810:"Orkney Economic Review No. 23." (2008) Kirkwall. Orkney Islands Council. 5571: 5377: 5364: 5360: 5261: 5257: 5229: 5218: 4878: 4775: 4759: 4135: 4123: 4088: 4068: 4044: 3930:. Rousay is well known for its ancient monuments, including the Quoyness 3835: 2480: 2420: 2260: 1427: 1098: 1051: 956: 907: 588: 520: 357: 99: 16942: 15518: 14203: 11975: 10215:"Ethnicity, Identity, Language and Religion | Scotland Census 2011" 8494: 7610: 5012:

At the beginning of recorded history, the islands were inhabited by the

833:

near the Ring of Brodgar and various island sites such as Tofts Ness on

16692: 16657: 15851: 15846: 15589: 15523: 14694: 14087: 14025: 13634: 13506: 13158: 12907: 12875: 12865: 12850: 12840: 12764: 12427: 12422: 12235: 12159: 12096: 11887: 11648: 7982: 7881: 7313:

Thomson, William P.L. "Agricultural Improvement" in Omand (2003) p. 98.

7240:

Universitas, Norsken som døde (Norwegian) Retrieved 13 September 2009.

7103:

Crawford, Barbara E. "Orkney in the Middle Ages" in Omand (2003) p. 64.

7075:

Crawford, Barbara E. "Orkney in the Middle Ages" in Omand (2003) p. 69.

6577:"Polished, 5,500-Year-Old Stone Balls Found in Neolithic Scottish Tomb" 6509:(3 November 2007) Stone Pages Archaeo News. Retrieved 6 September 2009. 6004:"Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands" 5835: 5493: 5368: 5304: 5249: 5153:

The Bridge of Brodgar, Stenness, 1875 by Walter Hugh Patton (1828–1895)

5124: 5036: 4918: 4890: 4638: 4040: 4014: 4002: 3839: 3228: 2398: 1423: 1419: 1183:. In 1231 the line of Norse earls, unbroken since Rognvald, ended with 948: 888: 826: 797: 785: 649: 427: 15761: 12928: 10353: 9216:(Press release). Highlands and Islands Enterprise. 28 September 2007. 8528:(1 October 2009) www.snptacticalvoting.com Retrieved 9 February 2010. 5181:. The archipelago also has a distinct culture, with traditions of the 4336:

A 2009 report indicated the traditional sectors of the economy export

3934:

and Egilsay has the ruins of the only round-towered church in Orkney.

2520:

Climate data for Kirkwall, 26m asl, 1991–2020 normals, Extremes 1951–

388:. Orkney's largest settlement, and also its administrative centre, is 85: 17137: 17012: 16982: 16767: 16549: 15871: 15791: 15746: 15714: 15503: 14877: 14742: 14704: 14644: 14527: 13580: 13575: 13330: 12779: 12194: 12104: 12078: 12065: 12055: 12050: 12026: 11782: 11729: 11719: 11678: 8887:"Orkney: Plans for island's first new whisky distillery in 138 years" 8819: 6799:

Crawford, Iain "The wheelhouse" in Smith and Banks (2002) pp. 118–22.

5754: 5700: 5402: 5265: 5237: 5225: 5166:

second. However in response to the national identity question in the

5158: 5144: 5097: 5025: 5004: 4978: 4842: 4814: 4755: 4719: 4131: 4115: 4092: 4051:

at its northern end is the highest elevation in the archipelago. The

4020: 4010: 3998: 3970: 3951: 3906: 3893:, which has a population of 550. It is connected by ferry and air to 3813: 3786: 3770: 2491: 2386: 2349: 2290: 2194:

Not listed in mid-2020 census, indicating a population less than 500.

2140: 2066: 1958: 1832: 1756: 1435: 1407: 1319: 1238: 1118: 911: 657: 578: 574: 550: 431: 373: 67: 11515: 9828: 6867: 5811:

the first Sinclair Earl, voyaged to North America many years before

5307:. Although stands of trees are generally rare, a small forest named 4305:

within the Kingdom of Norway or just staying in the United Kingdom.

3885:, which lies 4 kilometres (2 mi) beyond its nearest neighbour, 3824:

constructions. Four of the main Neolithic sites are included in the

1299:. However, the money was never paid, and Orkney was absorbed by the 16922: 16882: 16614: 16589: 16061: 15983: 15903: 15841: 15836: 15766: 15756: 15751: 15699: 15205: 15168: 15056: 15010: 14684: 14661: 14557: 14542: 14456: 13698: 13673: 13570: 13560: 13353: 13192: 13143: 13019: 12990: 12897: 12759: 12733: 12472: 12326: 12230: 12205: 12124: 12109: 12021: 11853: 11803: 11776: 11693: 11633: 11603: 9368:"Is Orkney 'in the fast lane' on electric vehicles? 12 August 2019" 8774: 8770:"Orkney council to look at proposals to become territory of Norway" 8632:"Candidates and Constituency Assessments: Orkney (Highland Region)" 8427: 8319:"Saints in Scottish Place-Names – Stronsay, modern parish (Orkney)" 7859:

Chalmers, Jim "Agriculture in Orkney Today" in Omand (2003) p. 129.

5838:(Council of the Realm), Christian pawned Orkney for 50,000 Rhenish 5632: 5586: 5431: 5288: 5194: 5081: 5032: 4894: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4763: 4751: 4587: 4562: 4287: 4279: 4185:

since 1950, longer than any other they represent in Great Britain.

4111: 4060: 4028: 3947: 3939: 3902: 3782: 2502:

the sun rises at 09:05 and sets at 15:16. At this time of year the

2468: 2405: 2376: 2361: 2345: 2332: 2280: 2078: 2054: 1850: 1814: 1410:

was built and decorated by Italian prisoners of war working on the

1368: 1360: 1249: 1145: 1010: 960: 903: 872: 805: 781: 666: 512: 443: 389: 369: 361: 302: 259: 13511: 11330:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

9736: 8379:

Genetic study reveals 30% of white British DNA has German ancestry

7770:

Mykura, W. (with contributions by Flinn, D. & May, F.) (1976)

7761:

Brown, John Flett "Geology and Landscape" in Omand (2003) pp. 4–5.

6463:“Ring of Brodgar: Temporary toilets ruled out for Orkney landmark” 5205:), a term that has been in use for nearly two centuries at least. 4517:, and grid batteries and electric vehicles also use local energy. 4455: 2408:

fold traverses Eday and Shapinsay, the axis trending north-south.

766: 481:

The local people are known as Orcadians; they speak a distinctive

16937: 16862: 16837: 16807: 16802: 16687: 16014: 15976: 15881: 15866: 15831: 15719: 15675: 15185: 15046: 14995: 14714: 14679: 14598: 14507: 13565: 13269: 12215: 12210: 12088: 11833: 11698: 11628: 11618: 8653:"BBC News – In maps: How close was the Scottish referendum vote?" 6139: 5839: 5536: 5319: 5296: 5269: 5105: 5093: 5070:

Orkney has a rich folklore, and many of the former tales concern

4930: 4902: 4803: 4791: 4731: 4664: 4357: 4318: 3961:

Other small uninhabited islands in the North Isles group include

3923: 3919: 3901:

is at the centre of the North Isles. The centre of the island is

3890: 2456: 2427: 2369: 2240: 1444:

The German sailors opened the seacocks and scuttled all the ships

1315: 964: 875:

structures of Orkney are the ruins of later round towers called "

538: 524: 508: 15689: 15005: 14928: 12728: 9866: 8132: 7850:

Brown, John Flett "Geology and Landscape" in Omand (2003) p. 10.

7582:

Brown, John Flett "Geology and Landscape" in Omand (2003) p. 19.

5371:, Scotland's nature agency, provided these additional specifics: 5275:

The coastline is well known for its colourful flowers including

5123:

The best known literary figures from modern Orkney are the poet

3235:

Source 2: Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute/KMNI Infoclimat

1275:, whose betrothal led to Orkney passing from Norway to Scotland. 849: 30:

This article is about the Scottish islands. For other uses, see

17152: 16872: 16682: 16579: 16559: 16051: 16044: 16024: 15826: 15554: 15085: 14985: 14512: 13793: 13629: 12754: 12189: 12172: 12144: 12129: 12114: 12070: 11843: 11828: 11818: 11798: 11734: 11668: 11623: 11608: 10334: 9482:"This small island chain is leading the way on hydrogen power'" 9456:"Is Orkney the hydrogen capital of the world? 25 November 2019" 6565:

Ritchie, Graham "The Early Peoples" in Omand (2003) pp. 32, 34.

6252:"Strictures on Mr. Laing's Dissertation on the Poems of Ossian" 5916: 5660: 5597:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

5335:) used to live in Heldale Water on Hoy. It has been considered 5323: 5303:

is found only on the coasts of Orkney and nearby Caithness and

5186: 5101: 4926: 4922: 4914: 4898: 4882: 4874: 4870: 4830: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4767: 4715: 4361: 4345: 4341: 4330: 4139: 4076: 4064: 3966: 3915: 3909: 3905:

and the island's main industries have been peat extraction and

3843: 3821: 3777:

The Mainland is the largest island of Orkney. Both of Orkney's

2412: 2365: 2300: 2270: 2130: 2110: 2100: 1940: 1904: 1886: 1447: 1372: 1188: 1157: 1141: 1018: 1014: 857: 494: 15704: 11453:

Steering the Stone Ships: The Story of Orkney Kirks and People

10374:"Dictionary of the Scots Language :: DOST :: Lowp V" 9272: 7774:

Institute of Geological Sciences. Natural Environment Council.

6790:

Ritchie, Graham "The Early Peoples" in Omand (2003) pp. 35–37.

6476:“The big idea: why the UK needs a triple lock against poverty” 4825:

Local buses around the Orkney Mainland, as well as across the

3766: 3246:

Climate data for Orkney: Loch of Hundland, 28m asl, 1981–2010

895:, the latter usually in association with earlier broch sites. 17032: 17022: 16977: 15898: 15811: 15741: 15061: 14990: 13274: 12432: 12265: 11739: 11066:"Freedom of Orkney honour presented to Northern Diving Group" 6193:

Waugh, Doreen J. "Orkney Place-names" in Omand (2003) p. 116.

5640: 5356: 5190: 5075: 5017: 5013: 4470:

Orkney has significant wind and marine energy resources, and

4143: 4127: 4047:, to the west, is the second largest of the Orkney Isles and 3974: 3870: 3817: 3790: 3778: 3662: 2441: 2437: 2397:

The Old Man of Hoy is formed from sandstone of the uppermost

1735: 1364: 1288: 941: 930: 919: 876: 570: 500:. Orkney also has an abundance of marine and avian wildlife. 459: 435: 11504: 10084:

Lamb, Gregor "The Orkney Tongue" in Omand (2003) pp. 250–53.

9984:

Lamb, Gregor "The Orkney Tongue" in Omand (2003) pp. 248–49.

7544:

The Law of the Sea: The European Union and Its Member States

6385: 6383: 5998: 5663:, thus giving an alternative of "island(s) of (the) salmon". 4758:

are served from Kirkwall harbour, while the northern end of

4540:

published more specific information about the hydrogen plan:

3938:

to the south-east contains the site of Cubbie Roo's castle.

652:

settlers arriving from the late ninth century reinterpreted

331: 17157: 16727: 16564: 15806: 14980: 12810: 12407: 11613: 8289:"South Ronaldshay & Burray, Orkney, Scotland Genealogy" 7620: 7540: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7484: 5438:(NCMPA) that covers 4,365 km (1,685 sq mi). 5400:

Not all was going well as of 15 January 2021, according to

4747: 4353: 4349: 4337: 4326: 3898: 3862: 3773:

on the Mainland is the second-largest settlement in Orkney.

2452: 2310: 1785: 1778: 1356: 1103: 730:), a name that stems from a 16th-century mistranslation by 700: 631: 340: 15644: 11368:

The Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic

10150:

Muir, Tom "Customs and Traditions" in Omand (2003) p. 270.

9566:"How hydrogen is transforming these tiny Scottish islands" 9398:"How hydrogen is transforming these tiny Scottish islands" 9187: 8939:"Study of Orkney economy sheds light on island prosperity" 6750:

Ritchie, Graham "The Early Peoples" in Omand (2003) p. 33.

4730:, a company owned by Orkney Islands Council. The isles of 1081:

of Norway, who forcibly Christianised Orkney. Painting by

12255: 11542: 10822:"Stoats of Orkney weasel out of cull thanks to saboteurs" 10525: 10159:

Drever, David "Orkney Literature" in Omand (2003) p. 257.

9486: 8470:"The Festival of the Horse and the Boys' Ploughing Match" 7932:"Climatology: Sunrise/Sunset for Orkney, United Kingdom " 6826:

Ritchie, Graham "The Early Peoples" in Omand (2003) p. 36

6380: 4537: 4529: 4383: 1743:

Orkney is separated from the mainland of Scotland by the

1101:

on his way from Ireland to Norway. The King summoned the

27:

Archipelago, county and council area in northern Scotland

10957:. Scottish Natural Heritage. December 2010. p. 17. 10036:

Lamb, Gregor "The Orkney Tongue" in Omand (2003) p. 250.

9214:"First Minister Opens New Tidal Energy Facility at EMEC" 8715:"New islands forum should not be 'box ticking exercise'" 7481: 7453:

General Register Office for Scotland (28 November 2003)

6964:

Wenham, Sheena "The South Isles" in Omand (2003) p. 211.

5728:

Sigurd the Stout was Thorfinn Skull-splitter's grandson.

5061:, meaning 'small', which may be derived from the French 4269:

2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum

3950:

is south of Stronsay and has a population of only five.

3946:

lie much further to the east across the Stronsay Firth.

582: 11486:

Dance, Gaia (2013) "The Sea Before Breakfast." Amazon.

7200: 963:. It has been suggested that an assault by forces from 722:"Horse Island". The island is sometimes referred to as 10874:"Police Investigate Stoat Trap Damage 11 January 2021" 9125:"Why The Tourism Sector Needs To Change 25 April 2020" 8504:

alistaircarmichael.org.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2009.

5986:

Wickham-Jones (2007) p. 1 states there are 67 islands.

4208:

of the Liberal Democrats. Before McArthur the MSP was

1050:

However, Sigurd's line barely survived him and it was

11511:

Vision of Britain – Groome Gazetteer entry for Orkney

11255:

Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History

11164:

In the Shadow of the Brochs, the Iron Age in Scotland

10363:

stromnesspipeband.co.uk. Retrieved 19 September 2009.

10004:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

9848:

Superstation Orkney ends community radio broadcasting

8603:"Orkney Islands Council : Election 2017 Results" 7821:: Chapter 9, p. 2731. JNCC. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 7422:

Wenham, Sheena "Modern Times" in Omand (2003) p. 110.

6868:"Orcades/Orkney: the 6th roman province in Britannia" 6696:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

6465:

BBC News. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2024.

6288:

Ancient History of Orkney, Caithness, & the North

5926: 5910: 5825:

The Maeshowe inscriptions date from the 12th century.

4999: 4873:(2), and from Stromness (5) to the ferry terminal at 1766:, a group further out, by a body of water called the 1326:

never became as dominant as in other Scottish ports.

687:

was later removed in English leaving the modern name

612: 602: 337: 334: 58: 10952:"The special qualities of the National Scenic Areas" 10032: 10030: 9708:

Orkney Islands Council. Retrieved 13 September 2009.

9540:"EGEB: Scotland trials world's first hydrogen ferry" 9021:"THE 20 MOST BEAUTIFUL ISLANDS TO VISIT IN SCOTLAND" 8592:

The Scottish Government. Retrieved 8 September 2009.

8421: 7578: 7576: 7039:

Firth's Celtic Scotland. Retrieved 9 September 2009.

6901:

Ritchie, Anna "The Picts" in Omand (2003) pp. 42–46.

5931:– used to describe a small sheep in the North Isles. 5504: 5024:

is cited as evidence for the pre-Norse existence of

4708:

Aberdeen to Kirkwall (operated by NorthLink Ferries)

4419:

at the Ness of Brodgar have contributed to Orkney's

4150:

lie further south, closer to the Scottish mainland.

1367:) of burned seaweed were produced per annum to make 10047:

Testimony of the Orkneyingar: Place Names of Orkney

7534: 7469:"Scotland's 2011 census: Island living on the rise" 7018:

Fasti Ecclesia Scoticanae Medii Aevii ad annum 1638

5224:Orkney has an abundance of wildlife, especially of 3717:

St Andrews and Deerness (united at an unknown date)

328: 10848:"Row over stoat cull after mass deaths of animals" 10325:tartans.scotland.net. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9993: 9838:thesuperstation.co.uk. Retrieved 19 September 2009 9757: 7277:Coull, James "Fishing" in Omand (2003) pp. 144–55. 6781:. The Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 6500:"Hazelnut shell pushes back date of Orcadian site" 6075:Shetland Islands Council. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 5903:words exist in the language of modern Orcadians – 5834:Apparently without the knowledge of the Norwegian 5653: 5174:in Orkney were in line with the national average. 4806:area of the Orkney mainland. As well as this, the 2340:The superficial rock of Orkney is almost entirely 10984:"North-west Orkney Marine Protected Area Summary" 10287:tartans.scotland.net Retrieved 19 September 2009. 10027: 9424:"How Orkney leads the way for sustainable energy" 8495:"Alistair Carmichael: MP for Orkney and Shetland" 7573: 6683:Whittington, Graeme and Edwards, Kevin J. (1994) 6184:(pdf) (12 June 2002) University of Wales. p. 101. 3812:. The Mainland contains the remnants of numerous 2513:, a rural location to the northwest of Mainland. 2471:, due to the influence of the warm waters of the 17397: 13837: 12321: 11929:Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency) 10515:"Boggy hillside reborn as Orkney forest reserve" 8573:Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 8 September 2009. 8554:Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 8 September 2009. 6685:"Palynology as a predictive tool in archaeology" 6043:Lamb, Raymond "Kirkwall" in Omand (2003) p. 184. 4989:station Caithness FM also broadcasts to Orkney. 1473: 1172:, still today a dominating feature of Kirkwall. 1058:and during this time the deposed Norwegian King 1039:and some scholars believe it to be apocryphal). 438:. Orkney was colonised and later annexed by the 8743:"Gove announces Levelling-up forum for islands" 7950: 7444:Vision of Britain. Retrieved 21 September 2009. 6892:Ritchie, Anna "The Picts" in Omand (2003) p. 39 6556:worldtimelines.org.uk Retrieved 23 August 2008. 5643:is run by a Conservative/Independent coalition. 2348:age. As in the neighbouring mainland county of 879:" and their associated settlements such as the 784:shell, recovered in 2007 during excavations in 717: 711: 682: 676: 660: 73: 13412:A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland 10765:"Orkney stoat eradication project awarded £6m" 10344:kirkwallcity.com. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9047:"Project Case Studies - Neolithic archaeology" 8851:(1999) (pdf) HIE. Retrieved 20 September 2009. 8526:"The Untouchable Orkney & Shetland Isles " 7830:Hall, Adrian and Brown, John (September 2005) 7772:British Regional Geology: Orkney and Shetland. 7738:Hall, Adrian and Brown, John (September 2005) 7718:Hall, Adrian and Brown, John (September 2005) 4948:Orkney is served by a weekly local newspaper, 4439:in September, a folk festival in May, and the 4237:, and the remaining councillor represents the 3672:Birsay and Harray (united in the 19th century) 1968: 1487:populations as a whole grew by 4% to 103,702. 37:"Orcadia" redirects here. For other uses, see 15660: 14944: 14219: 13138:Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site 12944: 12714: 12307: 11991: 11558: 11232: 10531: 8198:"Genuki: Orkney Parishes and Islands, Orkney" 7219:"Diplom fra Shetland datert 24.november 1509" 6528:Historic Scotland. Retrieved 3 February 2010. 6490:BBC “Winter Watch”. Retrieved 8 January 2024. 6478:. ‘’The Guardian’’. Retrieved 8 January 2024. 5342: 4095:are connected by road to the Mainland by the 3681:Evie and Rendall (united in the 16th century) 3675:Cross and Burness (united at an unknown date) 3668:The original civil parishes were as follows: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 1509: 1164:, who was killed in April 1116 by his cousin 929:By the late Iron Age, Orkney was part of the 564: 549:had previously referred to the islands). The 13420:A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland 13404:Description of the Western Isles of Scotland 11162:Ballin Smith, B. and Banks, I. (eds) (2002) 10499:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 10114:. Scottish National Dictionary Association. 9746:. Orkney Ferries Ltd. Retrieved 16 May 2012. 8430:"Genetic structure of European sheep breeds" 8391: 8061:"Climatologie de l'année à Kirkwall Airport" 7979:"Kirkwall Airport (Orkney Islands) averages" 7547:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 530. 6215: 5367:, was also harming native bird populations. 5256:are also seen around the coasts. Inland the 5112:. In earlier versions of Arthuriana such as 5062: 5039:. The Norse language changed into the local 4877:(from which inter-island ferries operate to 4590:provides services to the Scottish mainland ( 3729:Walls and Flotta (united at an unknown date) 918:wrote a list of Late Roman provinces, which 643:Ecclesiastical History of the English People 15407:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 11220:From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795 9596:"Green hydrogen set to decarbonise airport" 8681: 7941:The Weather Channel. Retrieved 12 May 2012. 7794:. Scottish Natural Heritage Review No. 100. 7699: 7339: 7337: 7331:Duffy (2003) pp. 464–465, 528, 533–534, 550 6834: 6832: 6438: 6436: 6331:Venerabilis Baedae Historiam Ecclesiasticam 6148: 5920: 5904: 5056: 4643:shortest scheduled air service in the world 4561:Hydrogen manufacturing is also planned for 2494:, the sun rises at 04:00 and sets at 22:29 1739:Map of Orkney showing main transport routes 1337: 1093:suggests the islands were Christianised by 1070:, led to a long period of dynastic strife. 1017:made the islands the headquarters of their 796:, which dates from 3500 BC. The village of 692: 635: 592: 563:Etymologists usually interpret the element 532: 372:, Orkney is 10 miles (16 km) north of 17471:Counties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922) 15667: 15653: 15117:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 14951: 14937: 14226: 14212: 12951: 12937: 12721: 12707: 12314: 12300: 11998: 11984: 11565: 11551: 9876:Caithness FM. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9689:Visit Orkney. Retrieved 13 September 2009. 9675: 9673: 9071:"Do not disturb: Oakhurst Cottage, Orkney" 8186:at orkney.gov.uk; retrieved 15 August 2020 8167:at Orkney.gov.uk; retrieved 15 August 2020 6218:Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 6104: 6102: 5428:Hoy and West Mainland National Scenic Area 3926:lie north of the west Mainland across the 2173: 1175:Unusually, from c. 1100 onwards the Norse 573:tribal name meaning "young pig" or "young 541:in AD 98, claiming that his father-in-law 14233: 12005: 11924:Orkney (Scottish Parliament constituency) 11033: 10602:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" 10561: 10299:www.clackson.com. Retrieved 2 June 2007. 10194:/University of Manchester, p. 25 (§3.47) 10141:. Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9084:, 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015. 8863:Whiskypedia. A Gazetteer of Scotch Whisky 8514:"Candidates and Constituency Assessments" 8445: 7922:. Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7757: 7755: 7273: 7271: 7161:"Earl Henry Sinclair: The Zeno Narrative" 7042: 6401:Rerum Scoticarum Historia: The First Book 6092: 6090: 5436:Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area 4869:. There are also buses from Kirkwall via 4523: 4503:polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis 3615:Council Offices on School Place, Kirkwall 1322:becoming leading centres of development. 1259: 1221:In 1290, the death of the child princess 1148:. Thorfinn died around 1065 and his sons 792:, a Neolithic farmstead on the island of 675:"islands" to the end, so the name became 386:tenth-largest island in the British Isles 11538:A Checklist of the Flora of Orkney, 2013 11427:Lo Bao, Phil and Hutchison, Iain (2002) 11335: 11298:(1990). London. J. Whitaker & Sons. 10928:. Orkney Islands Council. Archived from 10902:. Orkney Islands Council. Archived from 10108:Grant, W. and Murison, D.D. (1931–1976) 9756:Kampfner, Constance (22 December 2021). 9755: 8854: 8651:Jeavans, Christine (19 September 2014). 7494: 7361: 7334: 7206: 7051: 6955:Thompson (2008) p. 30 quoting chapter 5. 6829: 6433: 6430:Orkneyjar.com. Retrieved 4 October 2007. 5441: 5346: 5212: 5148: 5003: 4671:operate a fleet of inter-island ferries. 4652: 4454: 4410: 4271:63.2% of voters in Orkney voted Remain. 4039:The southern group of islands surrounds 4019: 3958:are a short distance north of Kirkwall. 3861: 3850:, meaning "island". Those described as " 3765: 3610: 2385: 2331: 1734: 1397: 1328: 1263: 1209: 1117: 1072: 980: 848: 765: 12958: 10410: 10408: 10268:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 10249:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 10178:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9867:"Welcome to the Caithness F.M. website" 9670: 8995:"ORKNEY ISLANDS VISITOR SURVEY RESULTS" 8860: 8837: 8835: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8740: 8650: 8634:alba.org.uk. Retrieved 11 January 2008 7903:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7867: 7865: 7785:"Orkney landscape character assessment" 7601:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7430: 7428: 7129: 7127: 6327: 6109:"Early Historical References to Orkney" 6099: 5631:The other independent-run councils are 5120:the King of Orkney is named Gunfasius. 4841:. The main route is the X1, connecting 4766:are served from Stromness harbour, the 4229:consists of 21 members, 18 of whom are 14: 17398: 14355:Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland 11015:from the original on 27 September 2020 10169:"The Orcadians – The people of Orkney" 9378:from the original on 13 September 2019 9255:(pdf) DTI. Retrieved 18 October 2007. 7752: 7541:Tullio Treves; Laura Pineschi (1997). 7505: 7503: 7268: 7094:Orkneyar. Retrieved 10 September 2009. 6981: 6979: 6865: 6713:"The Ring o' Brodgar – Plumcake Mound" 6647:from the original on 12 September 2021 6617:from the original on 12 September 2021 6587:from the original on 12 September 2021 6241:Orkneyjar.com. Retrieved 27 June 2009. 6128:Geographia, Claudius Ptolemaeus, p. 74 6118:Orkneyjar.com. Retrieved 27 June 2009. 6087: 5359:since 2010, a natural predator of the 4075:and is connected to Hoy by the Ayre. 2205:List of largest islands by population 1132:was a son of Sigurd and a grandson of 734:, which has rarely been used locally. 15648: 14932: 14207: 14051: 13890: 13826: 13655: 13542: 13450: 13428:The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides 13249: 13117: 12970: 12932: 12702: 12295: 11979: 11546: 11208:. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 11091: 10989:. Joint Nature Conservation Committee 10801:from the original on 29 November 2020 10591:– FishBase. Retrieved 5 January 2013. 10582:"Salvelinus inframundus: Regan, 1909" 10380:from the original on 1 September 2018 10093:Clackson, Stephen (25 November 2004) 9632:from the original on 26 February 2021 9462:from the original on 14 February 2021 9301: 9131:from the original on 10 February 2021 9027:from the original on 15 February 2021 8741:Paveley, Rebecca (11 February 2021). 8663:from the original on 27 February 2015 8476:from the original on 16 November 2011 8041:from the original on 13 December 2019 7649: 7478:. BBC News. Retrieved 18 August 2013. 6225: 6187: 5994: 5992: 4582:operates the main airport in Orkney, 4476:100% of its net power from renewables 4441:St Magnus International Arts Festival 4437:Orkney International Science Festival 4261:2014 Scottish independence referendum 1207:confirmed as Earl of Orkney in 1236. 16530:Cnut the Great's invasion of England 15122:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 12438:Na h-Eileanan an Iar (Western Isles) 10964:from the original on 25 January 2018 10880:from the original on 7 February 2021 10854:from the original on 19 January 2021 10828:from the original on 15 January 2021 10733:"The Orkney Native Wildlife Project" 10405: 10075:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 4 October 2008. 9658:from the original on 23 January 2021 9576:from the original on 14 October 2019 9546:from the original on 7 February 2021 9520:from the original on 20 January 2021 9436:from the original on 7 November 2020 9404:from the original on 14 October 2019 9220:from the original on 24 October 2007 9194:from the original on 27 January 2007 9105:from the original on 7 February 2021 8975:from the original on 1 February 2021 8949:from the original on 5 November 2020 8832: 8829:. Orkney.com. Retrieved 12 May 2012. 8799: 8712: 8694:from the original on 8 February 2015 8360:from the original on 4 February 2021 8269:from the original on 3 February 2021 8228:"Harray, Orkney, Scotland Genealogy" 7953:"Sky Notes: Aurora Borealis Gallery" 7951:John Vetterlein (21 December 2006). 7862: 7447: 7425: 7170:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 7124: 6874:from the original on 21 October 2019 6453:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 8 January 2024. 6284: 5445: 5016:, whose language was Brythonic. The 4981:until its closure in November 2014. 4545:transport both goods and passengers. 3621:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 2479:which is itself an extension of the 2475:, a north-easterly extension of the 1490: 1229:. In 1379 the earldom passed to the 17421:Archipelagoes of the Atlantic Ocean 16485:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias 11965:Orkney representative football team 11955:Orkney Amateur Football Association 11034:Henderson, Michelle (9 July 2021). 10926:"Special Areas of Conservation SAC" 10775:from the original on 16 August 2021 10745:from the original on 18 August 2021 10607:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 10424:. SNH. Retrieved 27 September 2009. 9819:. BBC. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9168:from the original on 23 August 2015 8329:from the original on 14 August 2021 8299:from the original on 15 August 2021 8238:from the original on 16 August 2021 7561:from the original on 20 August 2020 7500: 7362:Harrison, Jody (20 December 2014). 7020:. Scottish Records Society. p. 247. 6985:Thompson (2008) p. 69. quoting the 6976: 6641:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 6574: 6295:from the original on 18 August 2020 6266:from the original on 18 August 2020 6138: 5719:"everyone thought was a huge joke." 1035:, is based on the later voyages of 24: 17349:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40 17314:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333 17309:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174 16678:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir) 13298:Rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles 11528:Map of the community council areas 11355: 10819: 10687:from the original on 21 April 2016 10549:from the original on 25 April 2009 10221:from the original on 22 March 2016 9602:. 20 December 2020. Archived from 9494:from the original on 20 March 2021 8969:"Covid-19 – islands fund now open" 8409:from the original on 25 April 2009 8347: 8259:"Genuki: Evie and Rendall, Orkney" 8256: 8195: 8177:List of Orkney's rural settlements 8089:from the original on 7 August 2021 7872:"Regional mapped climate averages" 7832:"Orkney Landscapes: Permian dykes" 6723:from the original on 27 April 2019 6547:"Scotland: 2200–800 BC Bronze Age" 6175:"Proto-Celtic – English Word List" 6034:Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 334, 502. 5989: 5409: 5208: 5000:Language, literature, and folklore 4786:on the south of the mainland, and 4173:(MP), the current incumbent being 4102:Uninhabited South Islands include 4034: 3857: 3634:Orkney is now administered by the 2031:The largest settlements in Orkney. 1504: 681:"Seal Islands". The plural suffix 98: 84: 25: 17482: 17436:Highlands and Islands of Scotland 14958: 11934:Orcadian Women's Suffrage Society 11498: 11046:from the original on 10 July 2021 10713:from the original on 5 March 2021 10635:from the original on 30 July 2016 9785:"Weekly titles in company merger" 9348:from the original on 5 April 2019 9318:from the original on 4 April 2019 9283:from the original on 4 April 2019 8208:from the original on 3 March 2021 8028: 7364:"Orkney best for quality of life" 6519:"Skara Brae Prehistoric Village" 6377:Translated by Devra Kunin pp. 7–8 5977:Haskell-Smith (2004) pp. 336–403. 5252:(bonxies). Whales, dolphins, and 5217:Seals hauled out at Lyrie Geo on 4917:, from Stromness to Kirkwall via 4466:wave testing site off Billia Croo 4198:Member of the Scottish Parliament 4177:. This seat has been held by the 3846:"a" or "ay" represents the Norse 3606: 2430:age are found throughout Orkney. 1986: 1950: 1824: 970: 867:on the Mainland have revealed an 837:and the remains of two houses on 587:"islands of the young pigs". The 537:(Ancient Greek: Όρκάδες), as did 221:990 km (380 sq mi) 15880: 15107:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 14568:Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial 14482:Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66) 13607:Highlands and Islands Enterprise 13326:Treaty of Ardtornish-Westminster 13104: 12730:Former local government counties 11417:(a novel). HarperCollins, 2012. 11323: 11076:from the original on 9 July 2021 11058: 11027: 11001: 10976: 10944: 10918: 10892: 10866: 10840: 10813: 10795:"Orkney Native Wildlife Project" 10787: 10757: 10725: 10707:"Orkney Native Wildlife Project" 10699: 10673: 10647: 10621: 10594: 10575: 10508: 10471:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01795.x 10436: 10427: 10392: 10366: 10347: 10328: 10309: 10290: 10271: 10252: 10233: 10207: 10181: 10162: 10153: 10144: 10125: 10102: 10087: 10078: 10059: 10039: 10015:from the original on 22 May 2013 9987: 9978: 9969: 9939: 9909: 9879: 9860: 9841: 9822: 9803: 9777: 9749: 9730: 9711: 9692: 9644: 9618: 9588: 9558: 9532: 9506: 9474: 9448: 9416: 9390: 9360: 9330: 9302:Grant, Alistair (4 April 2019). 9295: 9265: 9244: 9232: 9206: 9180: 9143: 9117: 9087: 9064: 9039: 9013: 8987: 8961: 8931: 8905: 8879: 8813: 8790: 8762: 8734: 8706: 8675: 8644: 8625: 8613:from the original on 10 May 2017 8595: 8576: 8557: 8538: 8519: 8507: 8488: 8462: 8372: 8341: 8311: 8281: 8250: 8220: 8189: 8170: 8151: 8126: 8101: 8075: 8053: 8022: 7996: 7971: 7944: 7925: 7906: 7887: 7853: 7844: 7824: 7797: 7777: 7764: 7732: 7712: 7675: 7626: 7604: 7585: 7525: 7462: 7416: 7386: 7355: 7346: 7325: 7316: 7307: 7304:Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 364–65. 7298: 7289: 7280: 7259: 7250: 7057:Beuermann (2011) pp. 143–44 6674:Moffat (2005) pp. 154, 158, 161. 6368:"A History of Norway", vol. XIII 5952: 5943: 5934: 5893: 5876: 5867: 5854: 5845: 5828: 5552:Timeline of prehistoric Scotland 5535: 5521: 5507: 5449: 5422:in Orkney. One of Scotland's 40 5031:After the Norse occupation, the 3647:local government re-organization 3623:established a uniform system of 2352:, this sandstone rests upon the 1985: 1967: 1949: 1931: 1914: 1913: 1895: 1877: 1859: 1842: 1841: 1823: 1806: 1805: 1798: 1233:family, who were also barons of 324: 309: 141: 134: 121: 11462:Charles Tait, St. Ola, Orkney. 11400:. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing 11308:Wickham-Jones, Caroline (2007) 11257:. London. Thames & Hudson. 9188:"European Marine Energy Centre" 8713:Cope, Chris (3 February 2021). 8399:"Sheep Breeds: North Ronaldsay" 7639:. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7515:. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7231: 7212: 7191: 7182: 7173: 7154: 7145: 7136: 7115: 7106: 7097: 7085:"St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall" 7078: 7069: 7060: 7023: 7007: 6994: 6967: 6958: 6949: 6940: 6931: 6922: 6913: 6904: 6895: 6886: 6859: 6841: 6820: 6811: 6802: 6793: 6784: 6762: 6759:Wickham-Jones (2007) pp. 81–84. 6753: 6744: 6741:Wickham-Jones (2007) pp. 74–76. 6735: 6705: 6677: 6668: 6659: 6629: 6599: 6568: 6559: 6540: 6531: 6512: 6493: 6481: 6468: 6456: 6414: 6392: 6361: 6352: 6321: 6278: 6244: 6196: 6168: 6157: 6132: 6121: 5819: 5801: 5788: 5779: 5769: 5760: 5731: 5722: 5706: 5693: 5680: 5666: 5646: 5355:The introduction of non-native 5260:, a distinct subspecies of the 5118:History of the Kings of Britain 5092:) is ruler of Orkney. His sons 5035:of Orkney became almost wholly 4722:(operated by NorthLink Ferries) 3755: 3736: 2364:; they are represented by grey 1860: 1450:sank the Royal Navy battleship 1426:, which played a major role in 1393: 1152:succeeded him, fighting at the 922:appended to his edition of the 310: 16500:Sack of Santiago de Compostela 15550:Northern Ireland Sign Language 13118: 11455:Saint Andrew Press, Edinburgh. 11370:. Edinburgh University Press. 11281:Thompson, William P.L. (2008) 11233:Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). 11222:. Edinburgh University Press. 10900:"Special Protection Areas SPA" 10545:. Seven Sisters Sheep Centre. 9887:"Orkney Library & Archive" 9857:, RadioToday, 16 November 2014 8405:. Seven Sisters Sheep Centre. 7884:. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7816:Geological Conservation Review 7623:. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7531:Whitakers (1990) pp. 611, 614. 7459:. Retrieved 26 February 2012. 7048:Thompson (2008) pp. 66–67 6444:“Is ‘The Orkneys’ Ever Right?” 6336:Ecclesiastical History of Bede 6078: 6059: 6046: 6037: 6028: 5980: 5971: 5737:The first recorded bishop was 5625: 5384:and many ground nesting birds. 2041:List of settlements in Orkney 1932: 1896: 1878: 1791: 1168:, resulted in the building of 1025:(Harald Hårfagre) annexed the 999:, in an illustration from the 630:, whale. The Anglo-Saxon monk 142: 13: 1: 17426:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland 17385:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde) 17339:Uppland Runic Inscription 158 16515:Siege of Constantinople (860) 13451: 12971: 11507:, the local authority website 11194:. Stroud. The History Press. 10655:"Orkney Fox in Neolithic era" 10629:"Orkney vole is from Belgium" 9342:European Marine Energy Centre 9152:"Orkney Island of the future" 8134:Historic Environment Scotland 7749:. Retrieved 10 November 2008. 7729:. Retrieved 10 November 2008. 5776:died for his Christian faith. 5613: 5420:Special Areas of Conservation 4580:Highland and Islands Airports 4483:European Marine Energy Centre 4158:Orkney is represented in the 3435:Average rainfall mm (inches) 1762:Orkney is separated from the 1474:Overview of population trends 1227:Wars of Scottish Independence 755: 458:, following failure to pay a 382:sixth-largest Scottish island 17466:Renewable energy in Scotland 17461:Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) 17304:Småland Runic Inscription 48 17204:Danish Runic Inscription 380 17199:Danish Runic Inscription 154 13891: 13827: 10505:Retrieved 27 September 2009. 10111:Scottish National Dictionary 7783:Land Use Consultants (1998) 7661:National Records of Scotland 7611:"Fall of Warness Test Site " 6389:Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 354. 6000:National Records of Scotland 5965: 5618: 5326:until the mid-16th century. 5138: 5108:are major characters in the 4569: 4496:plc in conjunction with the 4494:Scottish and Southern Energy 4250:Orkney and Shetland Movement 1730: 1457:in Scapa Flow. As a result, 699:, Orkney was named after an 560:called the islands Orcades. 519:. This may have referred to 503: 474: 466:by the family of his bride, 155:Orkney shown within Scotland 7: 17194:Danish Runic Inscription 66 16698:Birka female Viking warrior 16390:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu 15674: 14330:Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother 14052: 13656: 13612:Scottish Islands Federation 13543: 13250: 13182:Zenith of Iron Age Shetland 13164:Standing Stones of Stenness 11267:Omand, Donald (ed.) (2003) 11136:The Jacobite Rising of 1715 11009:"North-west Orkney MPA(NC)" 9737:"Welcome to Orkney Ferries" 9149: 8820:"Orkney Business Directory" 8083:"Climate Normals 1981–2010" 7352:Thompson (2008) pp. 439–43. 7343:Thompson (2008) pp. 434–36. 7295:Thompson (2008) pp. 371–72. 7151:Thompson (2008) pp. 168–69. 7133:Thompson (2008) pp. 146–47. 7121:Thompson (2008) pp. 134–37. 6665:Wickham-Jones (2007) p. 73. 6474:Clark, Tom (17 April 2023) 5602:Solar eclipse of 1 May 1185 5500: 5084:in certain versions of the 4961:A local BBC radio station, 4528:A March 2019 report by the 4204:system. The current MSP is 4153: 4087:. South Ronaldsay, Burray, 3365:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3295:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3133:Average precipitation days 2849:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2709:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2314: 2304: 2294: 2284: 2274: 2264: 2254: 2244: 2234: 2224: 1134:King Malcolm II of Scotland 1115:in the early 11th century. 844: 802:Standing Stones of Stenness 581:referred to the islands as 10: 17487: 17224:Gunnar's bridge runestones 16570:Viking Age arms and armour 16425:Battle of Strangford Lough 16165:Battle of Brentford (1016) 14870:Associated clans and septs 11572: 11310:Orkney: A Historical Guide 11204:Duffy, Christopher (2003) 10402:. Edinburgh. William Tait. 9975:Clarkson (2008) pp. 30–34. 7913:"About the Orkney Islands" 6973:Thompson (2008) pp. 56–58. 6928:Thompson (2008) pp. 24–27. 6910:Thompson (2008) pp. 43–50. 6313:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 5492:The Northern Diving Group 5343:Stoat problem and solution 5170:, self-reported levels of 5142: 4994:Orkney Library and Archive 4406: 4308: 3759: 3748: 3744: 3631:in Watergate in Kirkwall. 3598: 3245: 3234: 3226: 2519: 2462: 2325: 2321: 1256:inscriptions at Maeshowe. 1097:in 995 when he stopped at 974: 933:kingdom, and although the 759: 748: 744: 442:in 875 and settled by the 399:of Scotland, as well as a 352:or, the often deprecated, 232:481 m (1,578 ft) 36: 29: 17451:Council areas of Scotland 17446:Former Norwegian colonies 17416:Archipelagoes of Scotland 17380:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo) 17367: 17354:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone 17176: 17043:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson 16878:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson 16650: 16538: 16415:Battle of Stamford Bridge 16102: 15997: 15927: 15889: 15878: 15682: 15567: 15532: 15494: 15456: 15433: 15426: 15419: 15367: 15309: 15293: 15278: 15221: 15146: 15139: 15099: 15071: 15028: 15021: 14966: 14868: 14787: 14761: 14723: 14670: 14591: 14500: 14434: 14373: 14350:Margaret, Queen of Norway 14310:Gormflaith ingen Murchada 14282: 14241: 14177: 14106: 14078: 14062: 14058: 14047: 13963: 13937: 13901: 13897: 13886: 13855:Comhairle nan Eilean Siar 13833: 13822: 13781: 13748: 13707: 13666: 13662: 13651: 13620: 13597:Community Energy Scotland 13589: 13553: 13549: 13538: 13494: 13461: 13457: 13446: 13388: 13362: 13339: 13311: 13283: 13260: 13256: 13245: 13207:Prehistoric Western Isles 13206: 13172: 13128: 13124: 13113: 13102: 13060: 13018: 12981: 12977: 12966: 12740: 12679: 12611:Comhairle nan Eilean Siar 12506: 12333: 12280: 12035: 12014: 11942: 11901: 11865: 11791: 11768: 11712: 11589: 11580: 11415:The Flight of Gemma Hardy 11386:. (2008) Kea Publishing. 11283:The New History of Orkney 11100:Scotland's Hidden History 10433:Benvie (2004) pp. 126–38. 10354:"Stromness RBL Pipe Band" 10335:"Kirkwall City Pipe Band" 10321:15 September 2009 at the 10303:11 September 2012 at the 10204:Retrieved 8 January 2010. 8861:Maclean, Charles (2016). 8847:29 September 2011 at the 7841:Retrieved 4 October 2009. 7370:. Glasgow. Archived from 7166:25 September 2009 at the 6851:Laterculus Polemii Silvii 6808:Moffat (2005) pp. 173–75. 6768:Hogan, C. Michael (2007) 6328:Plummer, Carolus (2003). 6291:. Caithness: Peter Reid. 5659:, can mean either pig or 5637:Comhairle nan Eilean Siar 5395:Scottish Natural Heritage 4701:to Kirkwall (operated by 4498:University of Strathclyde 4430:UHI Archaeology Institute 4417:UHI Archaeology Institute 4329:and other shellfish, and 3897:, also known as "Papay". 3826:Heart of Neolithic Orkney 3651:Scotland's civil parishes 3599:Source: metoffice.gov.uk 3551: 3504: 3434: 3364: 3294: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3179: 3132: 3058: 2988: 2918: 2848: 2778: 2708: 2638: 2568: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2459:cover substantial areas. 2356:and igneous rocks of the 1713: 1522:— 1483:. During the same period 1418:Orkney was the site of a 1154:Battle of Stamford Bridge 634:refers to the islands as 491:Heart of Neolithic Orkney 308: 298: 290: 282: 275: 265: 253: 241: 236: 225: 217: 207: 202: 163: 129: 120: 115: 81: 66: 51: 16888:Ingvar the Far-Travelled 16793:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir 16627:Raid Warfare and Tactics 16470:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt 16440:Battle of Tara (Ireland) 16410:Battle of Stamford (918) 16405:Battle of Stamford (894) 16310:Battle of Lüneburg Heath 16125:Battle of Anglesey Sound 15392:Kingdom of Great Britain 14345:Margaret, Maid of Norway 14295:Bethóc, Prioress of Iona 13845:Shetland Islands Council 13805:West Highland Free Press 12283:List of places in Orkney 11451:Rendall, Jocelyn (2009) 11296:Whitaker's Almanack 1991 11253:Moffat, Alistair (2005) 11239:. Edinburgh: Canongate. 11218:Fraser, James E. (2009) 10587:29 December 2007 at the 10528:. Retrieved 27 May 2011. 9951:www.orkneylibrary.org.uk 9921:www.orkneylibrary.org.uk 9891:www.orkneylibrary.org.uk 9872:16 February 2009 at the 8842:"Orkney Economic Update" 8588:21 November 2011 at the 7519:29 November 2013 at the 7197:Armit (2006) pp. 178–79. 7179:Armit (2006) pp. 173–76. 7035:7 September 2008 at the 6398:Buchanan, George (1582) 6373:21 February 2016 at the 6285:Pope, Alexander (1866). 6222:. Retrieved 3 July 2009. 6180:31 December 2010 at the 5567:List of places in Orkney 5416:Special Protection Areas 5127:, the poet and novelist 4943: 4813:connects the village of 4648: 4450: 4377:Highland Park distillery 4303:self-governing territory 4299:British Crown Dependency 4276:Levelling Up White Paper 4274:In 2022, as part of the 4264:votes for independence. 4196:constituency elects one 3645:created in the Scottish 2451:of the islands. Boulder 1378:During the 18th century 1223:Margaret, Maid of Norway 395:Orkney is one of the 32 39:Orcadia (disambiguation) 17108:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson 17053:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye 16783:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia 16510:Siege of Chartres (911) 16360:Battle of Reading (871) 16315:Battle of Lyrskov Heath 16305:Battle of London Bridge 16275:Battle of Hingston Down 14421:Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson 14340:Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb 14185:Highland Boundary Fault 14098:Yesnaby Sandstone Group 13768:Free Church of Scotland 13735:Orkney Heritage Society 11396:Hutton, Guthrie (2009) 11346:Encyclopædia Britannica 11152:. London. Aurum Press. 10520:22 October 2018 at the 10420:5 December 2008 at the 10359:15 October 2008 at the 10200:8 December 2011 at the 10137:26 January 2021 at the 10071:7 November 2007 at the 9853:20 January 2015 at the 9815:1 February 2009 at the 9742:8 February 2007 at the 8638:18 January 2012 at the 8350:"Genuki: WALLS, Orkney" 8063:(in French). Infoclimat 7937:21 October 2014 at the 7894:"The Climate of Orkney" 7837:21 January 2012 at the 7745:21 January 2012 at the 7740:"Lower Middle Devonian" 7616:1 December 2008 at the 7592:"The Sorcerous Finfolk" 7440:4 November 2012 at the 7256:Thompson (2008) p. 183. 7142:Thompson (2008) p. 160. 7090:30 January 2021 at the 7030:"The Diocese of Orkney" 6838:Thomson (2005) pp. 4–6. 6817:Thompson (2008) pp. 4–5 6552:3 December 2010 at the 6084:Thompson (2008) p. 220. 5921: 5905: 5655: 5515:Scottish Islands portal 5057: 4975:The Superstation Orkney 4965:, the local opt-out of 4770:end of Hoy, as well as 4254:Scottish National Party 4216:. Orkney is within the 3655:Community Council Areas 1248:, the vast majority of 1138:Máel Coluim mac Cináeda 1077:Artist's conception of 1056:Thorfinn Skull-splitter 889:underground storehouses 718: 712: 683: 677: 670: 661: 583: 565: 434:tribes and then by the 415:. The local council is 360:off the north coast of 74: 32:Orkney (disambiguation) 17456:Former Danish colonies 17264:Norra Härene Runestone 17189:Baltic area runestones 16703:Bjørn (floruit 856–58) 16490:Raids in the Rhineland 16300:Battle of Leuven (891) 16290:Battle of Islandbridge 16285:Battle of Hjörungavágr 16185:Battle of Cathair Cuan 14365:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir 13850:Orkney Islands Council 13689:Shetland Amenity Trust 13485:Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba 13349:Buckquoy spindle-whorl 11914:Orkney Islands Council 11583:List of Orkney islands 11505:Orkney Islands Council 11460:The Orkney Guide Book, 11429:BEAline to the Islands 11312:. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 11285:. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 11271:. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 10066:"The Orcadian Dialect" 8917:www.heraldscotland.com 8865:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. 8569:11 August 2011 at the 8447:10.1038/sj.hdy.6801039 8323:saintsplaces.gla.ac.uk 8182:14 August 2021 at the 8163:17 August 2021 at the 8031:"Synop report summary" 8006:. KNMI. Archived from 7810:8 October 2009 at the 7803:Odling, N.W.A. (2000) 7633:"The Big Tree, Orkney" 7188:Thompson (2008) p. 40. 6946:Thompson (2008) p. 29. 6937:Thompson (2008) p. 24. 6358:Thompson (2008) p. 42. 6338:]. Gorgias Press. 6232:"The Origin of Orkney" 6216: 6149: 5927: 5911: 5652:The proto-Celtic root 5607:Baha'i Faith in Orkney 5386: 5352: 5332:Salvelinus inframundus 5221: 5154: 5074:, an Orcadian form of 5063: 5022:Buckquoy spindle-whorl 5009: 4992:Orkney is home to the 4820: 4672: 4574: 4547: 4524:Hydrogen manufacturing 4467: 4424: 4397: 4382:In 2007, of the 1,420 4235:Orkney Manifesto Group 4227:Orkney Islands Council 4031: 3881:The most northerly is 3874: 3774: 3751:List of Orkney islands 3649:in 1975. In that year 3636:Orkney Islands Council 3616: 2394: 2337: 1740: 1440:German High Seas Fleet 1415: 1343: 1338: 1276: 1260:Absorption by Scotland 1218: 1126: 1086: 1006: 953:North Germanic peoples 860: 777: 693: 636: 625: 613: 603: 593: 533: 448:Parliament of Scotland 417:Orkney Islands Council 248:Orkney Islands Council 103: 89: 59: 17234:Hakon Jarl runestones 17133:Tryggvi the Pretender 17038:Snæfrithr Svásadottir 16973:Ohthere of Hålogaland 16918:Ketil Trout (Iceland) 16738:Eohric of East Anglia 16637:Svinfylking Formation 16445:Battle of Tarbat Ness 16255:Battle of Fýrisvellir 16120:First Battle of Alton 15540:British Sign Language 15385:Principality of Wales 15229:Bailiwick of Guernsey 15112:British–Irish Council 15100:Political cooperation 15081:Bailiwick of Guernsey 14769:Scottish island names 14592:Artifacts and culture 14269:Mormaers of Caithness 14235:Scandinavian Scotland 14119:Great Estuarine Group 13991:North Ronaldsay sheep 13684:Peerie Willie Johnson 13469:Scottish island names 13363:18th and 19th Century 13313:Lordship of the Isles 13293:Scandinavian Scotland 12541:Dumfries and Galloway 12368:Dumfries and Galloway 11533:Map of civil parishes 11458:Tait, Charles (2012) 11384:Air Road to the Isles 11381:Fresson, Captain E.E. 11190:Clarkson, Tim (2008) 11040:The Press and Journal 10398:Vedder, David (1832) 9917:"About our libraries" 9829:"Superstation Orkney" 9259:27 March 2009 at the 9076:5 August 2015 at the 8945:. 20 September 2020. 8825:24 April 2012 at the 8029:Valor, G. Ballester. 7918:8 August 2009 at the 6866:Montesanti, Antonio. 6537:Moffat (2005) p. 154. 6505:16 March 2008 at the 6449:8 August 2009 at the 6421:"Pomona or Mainland?" 6071:16 April 2012 at the 6016:(Report). SG/2013/126 5751:Archbishop of Nidaros 5582:Rögnvald Kali Kolsson 5483:Freedom of the Island 5442:Freedom of the Island 5424:national scenic areas 5373: 5350: 5316:North Ronaldsay sheep 5232:and seabirds such as 5216: 5152: 5007: 4656: 4542: 4458: 4414: 4392: 4246:1987 general election 4218:Highlands and Islands 4214:Deputy First Minister 4212:, who was previously 4023: 3867:North Ronaldsay sheep 3865: 3831:, inscribed in 1999. 3769: 3693:Kirkwall & St Ola 3614: 2919:Mean minimum °C (°F) 2639:Mean maximum °C (°F) 2455:is also abundant and 2389: 2335: 1738: 1496:Historical population 1401: 1332: 1297:James III of Scotland 1267: 1213: 1121: 1076: 984: 881:Broch of Burroughston 856:on the west coast of 852: 769: 464:James III of Scotland 348:), also known as the 294:23/km (59/sq mi) 102: 88: 17431:Counties of Scotland 17344:Varangian runestones 17259:Lingsberg Runestones 17239:Hällestad Runestones 17123:Thorolf Kveldulfsson 17083:Styrbjörn the Strong 17018:Rognvald Eysteinsson 16998:Ragnhild Eriksdotter 16763:Freydís Eiríksdóttir 16733:Egill Skallagrímsson 16480:Burning of Luimneach 16455:Battle of Tettenhall 16420:Battle of Stiklestad 16355:Battle of Rastarkalv 16265:Battle of Hafrsfjord 16230:Battle of Englefield 16190:Battle of Chippenham 16180:Battle of Buttington 16175:Battle of Brunanburh 16170:Battle of Brissarthe 15159:Islands of the Clyde 14788:Battles and treaties 14442:Kingdom of the Isles 14360:Ragnhild Eriksdotter 14315:Gunnhild Gormsdóttir 14305:Cacht ingen Ragnaill 14178:Islands of the Clyde 13964:Domesticated animals 13924:St Kilda field mouse 13720:Peter Maxwell Davies 13285:Kingdom of the Isles 13174:Prehistoric Shetland 13073:Islands of the Forth 13068:Islands of the Clyde 12036:Villages and hamlets 11521:3 April 2019 at the 11236:The Scottish Islands 11192:The Picts: A History 11148:Benvie, Neil (2004) 11134:Baynes, John (1970) 10340:9 April 2007 at the 10283:12 July 2007 at the 10264:15 July 2006 at the 10245:19 July 2006 at the 10174:18 July 2006 at the 10045:Lamb, Gregor (1995) 9723:7 April 2012 at the 9628:. 2 September 2020. 9458:. 25 November 2019. 9312:The Herald (Glasgow) 8891:www.captainscotch.de 8532:29 July 2013 at the 8500:13 June 2011 at the 7899:2 April 2009 at the 7790:3 March 2016 at the 7725:3 March 2016 at the 7643:27 July 2009 at the 7597:19 July 2010 at the 7474:30 June 2016 at the 7322:Baynes (1970) p. 182 7244:24 July 2011 at the 6919:Fraser (2009) p. 345 6777:10 June 2011 at the 6613:. 2 September 2021. 6581:Smithsonian Magazine 6262:: 651. August 1802. 6114:15 June 2009 at the 5813:Christopher Columbus 5557:Prehistoric Scotland 5463:adding missing items 5168:2011 Scotland Census 5114:Geoffrey of Monmouth 4839:Stagecoach Highlands 4171:Member of Parliament 3705:Rousay & Egilsay 2569:Record high °C (°F) 2477:North Atlantic Drift 2436:and the presence of 2027:class=notpageimage| 1352:Hudson's Bay Company 1199:, second son of the 1193:Earldom of Caithness 1079:King Olaf Tryggvason 1041:Rognvald Eysteinsson 17441:Regions of Scotland 17289:Sigtrygg Runestones 17279:Runestones of Högby 17184:Ballstorp Runestone 17168:Unn the Deep-Minded 17103:Thorfinn the Mighty 17098:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva 17078:Steinunn Refsdóttir 16868:Hemming Halfdansson 16723:Bjorn the Easterner 16450:Battle of Tempsford 16400:Battle of Stainmore 16380:Battle of Rochester 16320:Battle of Mag Femen 16280:Battle of the Holme 16205:Battle of Corbridge 16160:Battle of Brávellir 16110:Tactics and warfare 15914:Viking ship replica 15545:Irish Sign Language 15402:Kingdom of Scotland 15239:Bailiwick of Jersey 15222:Lists of islands of 14657:St Magnus Cathedral 14533:Cubbie Roo's Castle 14477:Davidian Revolution 14320:Helga Moddansdóttir 14290:Aud the Deep-Minded 14134:Lorne plateau lavas 13981:Hebridean Blackface 13773:Iain Crichton Smith 13715:George Mackay Brown 13602:Crofters Commission 13303:Bishop of the Isles 12960:Islands of Scotland 12666:West Dunbartonshire 12556:East Dunbartonshire 12493:West Dunbartonshire 12383:East Dunbartonshire 11472:Warner, Guy (2005) 11150:Scotland's Wildlife 11138:. London. Cassell. 10876:. 11 January 2021. 10850:. 14 January 2021. 10797:. 20 October 2020. 10771:. 25 October 2018. 10463:2003MolEc..12..951H 9957:on 15 November 2017 9927:on 15 November 2017 9897:on 15 November 2017 9834:19 May 2011 at the 9704:3 June 2009 at the 9542:. 14 October 2020. 9432:. 20 January 2019. 9101:. 7 December 2020. 8550:5 June 2011 at the 8545:"Liam McArthur MSP" 8384:7 July 2018 at the 8010:on 22 February 2013 8004:"Kirkwall Extremes" 7637:Forestry Commission 6690:22 May 2013 at the 6426:6 July 2020 at the 6407:9 June 2011 at the 6237:6 June 2009 at the 6211:14 May 2011 at the 5289:common sea-lavender 5131:, and the novelist 5129:George Mackay Brown 4885:, from Kirkwall to 4202:first past the post 4190:Scottish Parliament 4175:Alistair Carmichael 4169:, which elects one 4164:Orkney and Shetland 4071:has a 19th-century 4025:Hoy High Lighthouse 3829:World Heritage Site 3505:Average rainy days 2989:Record low °C (°F) 2779:Daily mean °C (°F) 2344:, mostly of Middle 2206: 2042: 1497: 1301:Kingdom of Scotland 1279:In 1468 Orkney was 1205:Haakon IV of Norway 1170:St Magnus Cathedral 1130:Thorfinn the Mighty 1123:St Magnus Cathedral 869:Atlantic roundhouse 773:, on the island of 691:. According to the 531:called the islands 498:World Heritage Site 468:Margaret of Denmark 456:Kingdom of Scotland 405:Scottish Parliament 183: / 48: 17319:Sparlösa Runestone 17274:Runestones at Aspa 17269:Orkesta Runestones 17214:England runestones 16833:Halfdan Ragnarsson 16813:Hakon Rognvaldsson 16798:Gunnar Hámundarson 16778:Godfrid Haraldsson 16713:Bjarni Herjólfsson 16663:Amlaíb Cenncairech 16651:Historical figures 16555:Great Heathen Army 16543:and fortifications 16460:Battle of Thetford 16385:Battle of Sasireti 16375:Battle of Ringmere 16260:Battle of Glenmama 16235:Battle of Epiphany 16225:Battle of Edington 16195:Battle of Clontarf 16155:Battle of Benfleet 16135:Battle of Assandun 15972:L'Anse aux Meadows 15797:Old Norse religion 15397:Kingdom of Ireland 15380:Kingdom of England 15127:Common Travel Area 15073:Crown Dependencies 14651:Sen dollotar Ulaid 14605:Chronicles of Mann 14325:Ingeborg of Norway 13955:Shetland Mouse-ear 13740:St Magnus Festival 13130:Prehistoric Orkney 13078:Freshwater Islands 12831:Kirkcudbrightshire 12221:St Margaret's Hope 11760:South East islands 11755:South West islands 11750:North East islands 11745:North West islands 11639:Holm of Grimbister 11476:. Kea Publishing. 11431:. Kea Publishing. 11166:. Stroud. Tempus. 11102:. Stroud. Tempus. 11098:Armit, Ian (2006) 11092:General references 10661:on 5 February 2017 10240:"Where is Orkney?" 9995:Forsyth, Katherine 9685:2 May 2009 at the 9606:on 2 February 2021 9374:. 12 August 2019. 9150:Llewelyn, Robert. 7959:on 5 December 2008 7720:"Basement Geology" 7374:on 27 October 2021 7238:"Norsken som døde" 7224:5 May 2011 at the 6771:Burroughston Broch 6524:5 May 2016 at the 6256:The Scots Magazine 6066:"Political Groups" 6002:(15 August 2013). 5796:St Margaret's Hope 5677:or the BBC itself. 5592:Parishes of Orkney 5461:; you can help by 5353: 5222: 5183:Scottish Highlands 5155: 5010: 4967:BBC Radio Scotland 4867:St Margaret's Hope 4837:, are operated by 4827:Churchill Barriers 4691:John o' Groats to 4682:St Margaret's Hope 4673: 4468: 4425: 4097:Churchill Barriers 4085:Tomb of the Eagles 4032: 3875: 3854:" are very small. 3775: 3690:Hoy & Graemsay 3617: 2395: 2338: 2204: 2151:St Margaret's Hope 2049:Population (2022) 2040: 1977:St Margaret's Hope 1741: 1495: 1416: 1412:Churchill Barriers 1384:British Government 1344: 1277: 1219: 1181:Earls of Caithness 1127: 1087: 1083:Peter Nicolai Arbo 1007: 924:Notitia Dignitatum 893:aisled roundhouses 861: 778: 762:Prehistoric Orkney 622:prepositional case 493:" is a designated 299:Largest settlement 291:Population density 203:Physical geography 104: 90: 46: 17393: 17392: 17359:Viking runestones 17294:Simris Runestones 17284:Sædinge Runestone 17254:Karlevi Runestone 17244:Ingvar runestones 17219:Greece runestones 17128:Thorstein the Red 17113:Thorkell the Tall 16993:Ragnar Ragnarsson 16898:Ivar the Boneless 16823:Haakon Sigurdsson 16773:Garðar Svavarsson 16758:Eiríkr Hákonarson 16753:Eric I of Denmark 16708:Bjorn Asbrandsson 16595:Gjermundbu helmet 16465:Battle of Thimeon 16435:Battle of Sulcoit 16430:Battle of Svolder 16395:Battle of Skyhill 16365:Battle of Renfrew 16345:Battle of Norditi 16330:Battle of Meretun 16250:Battle of Fulford 16245:Battle of Florvåg 16130:Battle of Ashdown 15857:Viking runestones 15642: 15641: 15638: 15637: 15563: 15562: 15415: 15414: 15274: 15273: 15135: 15134: 14926: 14925: 14893:Macaulay of Lewis 14426:Thorstein the Red 14374:Other notable men 14201: 14200: 14197: 14196: 14193: 14192: 14144:Moine Thrust Belt 14124:Hebridean Terrane 14080:Geology of Orkney 14043: 14042: 14039: 14038: 13950:Scottish Primrose 13882: 13881: 13878: 13877: 13838:Local authorities 13818: 13817: 13814: 13813: 13756:Compton Mackenzie 13725:F. Marian McNeill 13647: 13646: 13643: 13642: 13534: 13533: 13530: 13529: 13442: 13441: 13438: 13437: 13341:Earldom of Orkney 13241: 13240: 13237: 13236: 13100: 13099: 13096: 13095: 12926: 12925: 12882:Ross and Cromarty 12696: 12695: 12656:South Lanarkshire 12631:Perth and Kinross 12621:North Lanarkshire 12571:City of Edinburgh 12566:East Renfrewshire 12483:South Lanarkshire 12458:Perth and Kinross 12448:North Lanarkshire 12398:City of Edinburgh 12393:East Renfrewshire 12289: 12288: 11973: 11972: 11792:Mainland parishes 11590:Inhabited islands 11516:Orkney Landscapes 11492:978-1-3015054-8-7 11482:978-0-9518958-7-0 11468:978-0-9517859-8-0 11437:978-0-9518958-4-9 11423:978-0-06-206422-6 11392:978-0-9518958-9-4 11376:978-0-7486-0632-0 11291:978-1-84158-696-0 11246:978-1-84195-454-7 11228:978-0-7486-1232-1 11200:978-0-7524-4392-8 11130:978-90-04-20506-2 10539:"North Ronaldsay" 10450:Molecular Ecology 10400:Orcadian Sketches 10316:"Clackson tartan" 10192:Historic Scotland 9572:. 27 March 2019. 9490:. 13 March 2020. 9127:. 24 April 2020. 9023:. 26 April 2020. 9001:on 18 August 2021 8872:978-1-78027-401-0 8720:The Shetland News 8682:Severin Carrell. 8354:www.genuki.org.uk 8293:FamilySearch Wiki 8263:www.genuki.org.uk 8232:FamilySearch Wiki 8202:www.genuki.org.uk 8158:Rural settlements 7877:4 August 2012 at 7554:978-90-411-0326-0 7004:(2007) pp. 169–89 6717:www.orkneyjar.com 6345:978-1-59333-028-6 5562:Battle of Florvåg 5479: 5478: 5329:The Orkney char ( 5301:Scottish primrose 5172:Scottish identity 5110:Matter of Britain 4712:Scrabster Harbour 4703:NorthLink Ferries 4606:), as well as to 4511:hydrogen vehicles 4401:COVID-19 pandemic 4179:Liberal Democrats 4148:Pentland Skerries 4007:Muckle Green Holm 3995:Holm of Scockness 3889:. To the west is 3653:were replaced by 3603: 3602: 3239: 3238: 2473:Norwegian Current 2434:Glacial striation 2342:Old Red Sandstone 2336:Geology of Orkney 2328:Geology of Orkney 2319: 2318: 2169: 2168: 1768:Fair Isle Channel 1727: 1726: 1718: 1717: 1309:comunitas Orcadie 1215:Lerwick Town Hall 1162:Magnus Erlendsson 1045:Sigurd the Mighty 997:Halfdan the Black 985:According to the 977:Earldom of Orkney 751:History of Orkney 716:"Mainland" or as 695:Historia Norwegiæ 452:Earldom of Orkney 440:Kingdom of Norway 317: 316: 226:Highest elevation 16:(Redirected from 17478: 17324:Stangeland stone 17299:Sjörup Runestone 17249:Italy runestones 17229:Hagby Runestones 17209:Egtved Runestone 17143:Valtoke Gormsson 17088:Sweyn Asleifsson 17073:Snorri Sturluson 17058:Sigurd the Stout 17003:Ragnall ua Imair 16893:Ingólfr Arnarson 16843:Harald Bluetooth 16828:Halfdan Long-Leg 16370:Battle of Remich 16350:Battle of Pinhoe 16335:Battle of Nesjar 16325:Battle of Maldon 16270:Battle of Helgeå 16240:Battle of Fitjar 16220:Battle of Dollar 16210:Battle of Cynwit 16200:Battle of Confey 16140:Battle of Basing 16005:Viking expansion 15937:North Sea Empire 15884: 15862:Viking Age trade 15737:Germanic deities 15669: 15662: 15655: 15646: 15645: 15600:Irish Travellers 15431: 15430: 15427:Modern languages 15424: 15423: 15375:Irish Free State 15332:Northern Ireland 15291: 15290: 15144: 15143: 15052:Northern Ireland 15030:Sovereign states 15026: 15025: 14953: 14946: 14939: 14930: 14929: 14583:St Magnus Church 14578:Scar boat burial 14523:Brough of Birsay 14416:Sweyn Asleifsson 14411:Ragnall ua Ímair 14228: 14221: 14214: 14205: 14204: 14139:Moine Supergroup 14129:Lewisian complex 14070:Geopark Shetland 14060: 14059: 14049: 14048: 13945:Arran whitebeams 13899: 13898: 13888: 13887: 13860:Highland Council 13835: 13834: 13824: 13823: 13730:Kirkwall Ba game 13664: 13663: 13653: 13652: 13551: 13550: 13540: 13539: 13459: 13458: 13448: 13447: 13375:Jacobite risings 13258: 13257: 13247: 13246: 13214:Callanish Stones 13126: 13125: 13115: 13114: 13108: 13083:Outlying Islands 12979: 12978: 12968: 12967: 12953: 12946: 12939: 12930: 12929: 12785:Clackmannanshire 12723: 12716: 12709: 12700: 12699: 12646:Shetland Islands 12641:Scottish Borders 12536:Clackmannanshire 12468:Scottish Borders 12363:Clackmannanshire 12323:Local government 12316: 12309: 12302: 12293: 12292: 12183:Norseman Village 12000: 11993: 11986: 11977: 11976: 11950:Kirkwall Ba game 11567: 11560: 11553: 11544: 11543: 11350: 11329: 11327: 11326: 11250: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11081: 11062: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11051: 11031: 11025: 11024: 11022: 11020: 11005: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10988: 10980: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10963: 10956: 10948: 10942: 10941: 10939: 10937: 10932:on 6 August 2020 10922: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10911: 10906:on 6 August 2020 10896: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10885: 10870: 10864: 10863: 10861: 10859: 10844: 10838: 10837: 10835: 10833: 10820:Watson, Jeremy. 10817: 10811: 10810: 10808: 10806: 10791: 10785: 10784: 10782: 10780: 10761: 10755: 10754: 10752: 10750: 10744: 10737: 10729: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10703: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10692: 10677: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10666: 10657:. Archived from 10651: 10645: 10644: 10642: 10640: 10625: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10598: 10592: 10579: 10573: 10572: 10565: 10559: 10558: 10556: 10554: 10535: 10529: 10524:. (27 May 2011) 10512: 10506: 10504: 10498: 10490: 10445:Microtus arvalis 10440: 10434: 10431: 10425: 10415:"Northern Isles" 10412: 10403: 10396: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10385: 10370: 10364: 10351: 10345: 10332: 10326: 10313: 10307: 10294: 10288: 10275: 10269: 10256: 10250: 10237: 10231: 10230: 10228: 10226: 10211: 10205: 10185: 10179: 10166: 10160: 10157: 10151: 10148: 10142: 10129: 10123: 10106: 10100: 10091: 10085: 10082: 10076: 10063: 10057: 10043: 10037: 10034: 10025: 10024: 10022: 10020: 9991: 9985: 9982: 9976: 9973: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9953:. Archived from 9947:"Mobile Library" 9943: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9932: 9923:. Archived from 9913: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9893:. Archived from 9883: 9877: 9864: 9858: 9845: 9839: 9826: 9820: 9807: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9789:HoldTheFrontPage 9781: 9775: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9761: 9753: 9747: 9734: 9728: 9715: 9709: 9696: 9690: 9677: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9663: 9648: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9622: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9611: 9592: 9586: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9562: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9536: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9510: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9478: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9467: 9452: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9420: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9394: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9344:. 4 April 2019. 9334: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9269: 9263: 9248: 9242: 9236: 9230: 9229: 9227: 9225: 9210: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9199: 9184: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9173: 9147: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9136: 9121: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9110: 9091: 9085: 9068: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9043: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9032: 9017: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9006: 8997:. Archived from 8991: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8965: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8909: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8883: 8877: 8876: 8858: 8852: 8839: 8830: 8817: 8811: 8808: 8797: 8794: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8783: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8755: 8738: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8710: 8704: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8679: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8648: 8642: 8629: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8618: 8599: 8593: 8580: 8574: 8561: 8555: 8542: 8536: 8523: 8517: 8511: 8505: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8466: 8460: 8459: 8449: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8395: 8389: 8376: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8345: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8315: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8285: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8243: 8224: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8193: 8187: 8174: 8168: 8155: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8105: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8079: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7975: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7955:. Archived from 7948: 7942: 7929: 7923: 7910: 7904: 7891: 7885: 7869: 7860: 7857: 7851: 7848: 7842: 7828: 7822: 7801: 7795: 7781: 7775: 7768: 7762: 7759: 7750: 7736: 7730: 7716: 7710: 7703: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7687: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7653: 7647: 7630: 7624: 7608: 7602: 7589: 7583: 7580: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7538: 7532: 7529: 7523: 7507: 7498: 7492: 7479: 7466: 7460: 7451: 7445: 7435:"Orkney Islands" 7432: 7423: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7400:. Archived from 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7359: 7353: 7350: 7344: 7341: 7332: 7329: 7323: 7320: 7314: 7311: 7305: 7302: 7296: 7293: 7287: 7284: 7278: 7275: 7266: 7263: 7257: 7254: 7248: 7235: 7229: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7198: 7195: 7189: 7186: 7180: 7177: 7171: 7158: 7152: 7149: 7143: 7140: 7134: 7131: 7122: 7119: 7113: 7110: 7104: 7101: 7095: 7082: 7076: 7073: 7067: 7064: 7058: 7055: 7049: 7046: 7040: 7027: 7021: 7011: 7005: 6998: 6992: 6983: 6974: 6971: 6965: 6962: 6956: 6953: 6947: 6944: 6938: 6935: 6929: 6926: 6920: 6917: 6911: 6908: 6902: 6899: 6893: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6863: 6857: 6856: 6845: 6839: 6836: 6827: 6824: 6818: 6815: 6809: 6806: 6800: 6797: 6791: 6788: 6782: 6766: 6760: 6757: 6751: 6748: 6742: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6709: 6703: 6681: 6675: 6672: 6666: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6611:www.scotsman.com 6603: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6575:Gershon, Livia. 6572: 6566: 6563: 6557: 6544: 6538: 6535: 6529: 6516: 6510: 6497: 6491: 6485: 6479: 6472: 6466: 6460: 6454: 6442:Anderson, Peter 6440: 6431: 6418: 6412: 6396: 6390: 6387: 6378: 6365: 6359: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6312: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6248: 6242: 6229: 6223: 6221: 6200: 6194: 6191: 6185: 6172: 6166: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6136: 6130: 6125: 6119: 6106: 6097: 6094: 6085: 6082: 6076: 6063: 6057: 6050: 6044: 6041: 6035: 6032: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6015: 6008: 5996: 5987: 5984: 5978: 5975: 5959: 5956: 5950: 5947: 5941: 5938: 5932: 5930: 5924: 5914: 5908: 5897: 5891: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5865: 5858: 5852: 5849: 5843: 5832: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5807:The notion that 5805: 5799: 5792: 5786: 5783: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5764: 5758: 5735: 5729: 5726: 5720: 5710: 5704: 5697: 5691: 5684: 5678: 5670: 5664: 5658: 5650: 5644: 5629: 5545: 5540: 5539: 5531: 5526: 5525: 5524: 5517: 5512: 5511: 5510: 5474: 5471: 5453: 5452: 5446: 5363:and thus of the 5242:black guillemots 5179:Mainland, Orkney 5086:Arthurian legend 5066: 5060: 5045:Orcadian dialect 4971:commercial radio 4963:BBC Radio Orkney 4887:Kirkwall Airport 4798:are served from 4782:are served from 4686:Pentland Ferries 4608:Sumburgh Airport 4584:Kirkwall Airport 4515:district heating 4507:hydrogen economy 4472:renewable energy 4421:heritage tourism 4373:Scapa distillery 4221:electoral region 4160:House of Commons 4055:is a well-known 3810:Loch of Stenness 3762:Mainland, Orkney 3629:County Buildings 3508: 3243: 3242: 3136: 2517: 2516: 2511:Loch of Hundland 2411:Middle Devonian 2207: 2203: 2195: 2192: 2043: 2039: 1989: 1988: 1971: 1970: 1953: 1952: 1935: 1934: 1917: 1916: 1899: 1898: 1881: 1880: 1863: 1862: 1845: 1844: 1827: 1826: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1764:Shetland Islands 1511: 1506: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1380:Jacobite risings 1341: 1291:of his daughter 1246:Brough of Birsay 1108:Sigurd the Stout 1095:Olaf Tryggvasson 1009:Both Orkney and 916:Polemius Silvius 885:Broch of Gurness 775:Mainland, Orkney 739:Sir Walter Scott 721: 715: 708:Mainland, Orkney 698: 686: 680: 664: 639: 616: 606: 596: 586: 568: 536: 409:lieutenancy area 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 336: 333: 330: 313: 312: 198: 197: 195: 194: 193: 188: 187:59.000°N 3.000°W 184: 181: 180: 179: 176: 145: 144: 138: 125: 77: 62: 49: 45: 21: 17486: 17485: 17481: 17480: 17479: 17477: 17476: 17475: 17396: 17395: 17394: 17389: 17363: 17334:Runestone U 582 17172: 17093:Sweyn Forkbeard 17008:Raud the Strong 16968:Orm Storolfsson 16963:Olof Skötkonung 16953:Olav Haraldsson 16948:Olaf Tryggvason 16933:Magnus Barefoot 16913:Ketill Flatnose 16858:Harald Wartooth 16853:Harald Hardrada 16848:Harald Fairhair 16818:Haakon the Good 16646: 16642:Varangian Guard 16542: 16534: 16505:Siege of Asselt 16495:Raid on Seville 16295:Battle of Largs 16215:Battle of Derby 16150:Battle of Bauds 16145:Battle of Barry 16115:Battle of Aclea 16098: 15993: 15929: 15923: 15891: 15885: 15876: 15782:Norse mythology 15730:Younger Futhark 15678: 15673: 15643: 15634: 15590:English Gypsies 15559: 15528: 15490: 15471:Scottish Gaelic 15452: 15411: 15363: 15305: 15282: 15270: 15217: 15213:Isles of Scilly 15154:Channel Islands 15131: 15095: 15067: 15017: 14962: 14957: 14927: 14922: 14864: 14860:Treaty of Perth 14783: 14757: 14719: 14666: 14639:Orkneyinga saga 14633:Manx runestones 14587: 14573:Rubha an Dùnain 14548:Kirkwall Castle 14518:Bishop's Palace 14496: 14430: 14369: 14278: 14264:Lords of Argyll 14254:Earls of Orkney 14237: 14232: 14202: 14189: 14173: 14102: 14074: 14054: 14035: 14006:Shetland cattle 13959: 13933: 13893: 13874: 13865:Argyll and Bute 13829: 13810: 13777: 13744: 13703: 13658: 13639: 13616: 13585: 13545: 13526: 13490: 13453: 13434: 13397:Orkneyinga Saga 13384: 13380:Flora MacDonald 13358: 13335: 13321:Treaty of Perth 13307: 13279: 13252: 13233: 13224:Rubha an Dùnain 13202: 13168: 13154:Ring of Brodgar 13149:Ness of Brodgar 13120: 13109: 13092: 13056: 13014: 12973: 12962: 12957: 12927: 12922: 12821:Kincardineshire 12816:Inverness-shire 12736: 12727: 12697: 12692: 12675: 12531:Argyll and Bute 12502: 12358:Argyll and Bute 12329: 12320: 12290: 12285: 12276: 12031: 12010: 12006:Settlements in 12004: 11974: 11969: 11938: 11909:Earls of Orkney 11897: 11861: 11787: 11764: 11708: 11684:South Ronaldsay 11654:North Ronaldsay 11585: 11576: 11571: 11523:Wayback Machine 11501: 11496: 11411:Livesey, Margot 11358: 11356:Further reading 11353: 11339:, ed. (1911). " 11324: 11322: 11269:The Orkney Book 11247: 11094: 11089: 11079: 11077: 11072:. 9 July 2021. 11064: 11063: 11059: 11049: 11047: 11032: 11028: 11018: 11016: 11007: 11006: 11002: 10992: 10990: 10986: 10982: 10981: 10977: 10967: 10965: 10961: 10954: 10950: 10949: 10945: 10935: 10933: 10924: 10923: 10919: 10909: 10907: 10898: 10897: 10893: 10883: 10881: 10872: 10871: 10867: 10857: 10855: 10846: 10845: 10841: 10831: 10829: 10818: 10814: 10804: 10802: 10793: 10792: 10788: 10778: 10776: 10763: 10762: 10758: 10748: 10746: 10742: 10735: 10731: 10730: 10726: 10716: 10714: 10705: 10704: 10700: 10690: 10688: 10681:"Orkney Stoats" 10679: 10678: 10674: 10664: 10662: 10653: 10652: 10648: 10638: 10636: 10627: 10626: 10622: 10612: 10610: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10589:Wayback Machine 10580: 10576: 10567: 10566: 10562: 10552: 10550: 10537: 10536: 10532: 10522:Wayback Machine 10513: 10509: 10492: 10491: 10441: 10437: 10432: 10428: 10422:Wayback Machine 10413: 10406: 10397: 10393: 10383: 10381: 10372: 10371: 10367: 10361:Wayback Machine 10352: 10348: 10342:Wayback Machine 10333: 10329: 10323:Wayback Machine 10314: 10310: 10305:Wayback Machine 10297:"Sanday Tartan" 10295: 10291: 10285:Wayback Machine 10278:"Orkney tartan" 10276: 10272: 10266:Wayback Machine 10257: 10253: 10247:Wayback Machine 10238: 10234: 10224: 10222: 10213: 10212: 10208: 10202:Wayback Machine 10186: 10182: 10176:Wayback Machine 10167: 10163: 10158: 10154: 10149: 10145: 10139:Wayback Machine 10130: 10126: 10107: 10103: 10092: 10088: 10083: 10079: 10073:Wayback Machine 10064: 10060: 10044: 10040: 10035: 10028: 10018: 10016: 9992: 9988: 9983: 9979: 9974: 9970: 9960: 9958: 9945: 9944: 9940: 9930: 9928: 9915: 9914: 9910: 9900: 9898: 9885: 9884: 9880: 9874:Wayback Machine 9865: 9861: 9855:Wayback Machine 9846: 9842: 9836:Wayback Machine 9827: 9823: 9817:Wayback Machine 9808: 9804: 9794: 9792: 9783: 9782: 9778: 9768: 9766: 9754: 9750: 9744:Wayback Machine 9735: 9731: 9725:Wayback Machine 9716: 9712: 9706:Wayback Machine 9697: 9693: 9687:Wayback Machine 9678: 9671: 9661: 9659: 9650: 9649: 9645: 9635: 9633: 9624: 9623: 9619: 9609: 9607: 9594: 9593: 9589: 9579: 9577: 9564: 9563: 9559: 9549: 9547: 9538: 9537: 9533: 9523: 9521: 9512: 9511: 9507: 9497: 9495: 9480: 9479: 9475: 9465: 9463: 9454: 9453: 9449: 9439: 9437: 9429:TheGuardian.com 9422: 9421: 9417: 9407: 9405: 9396: 9395: 9391: 9381: 9379: 9366: 9365: 9361: 9351: 9349: 9336: 9335: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9300: 9296: 9286: 9284: 9271: 9270: 9266: 9261:Wayback Machine 9249: 9245: 9237: 9233: 9223: 9221: 9212: 9211: 9207: 9197: 9195: 9186: 9185: 9181: 9171: 9169: 9162:Robert Llewelyn 9148: 9144: 9134: 9132: 9123: 9122: 9118: 9108: 9106: 9093: 9092: 9088: 9078:Wayback Machine 9069: 9065: 9055: 9053: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9030: 9028: 9019: 9018: 9014: 9004: 9002: 8993: 8992: 8988: 8978: 8976: 8967: 8966: 8962: 8952: 8950: 8937: 8936: 8932: 8922: 8920: 8919:. 29 March 2023 8911: 8910: 8906: 8896: 8894: 8893:. 29 March 2023 8885: 8884: 8880: 8873: 8859: 8855: 8849:Wayback Machine 8840: 8833: 8827:Wayback Machine 8818: 8814: 8809: 8800: 8795: 8791: 8781: 8779: 8768: 8767: 8763: 8753: 8751: 8739: 8735: 8725: 8723: 8711: 8707: 8697: 8695: 8680: 8676: 8666: 8664: 8649: 8645: 8640:Wayback Machine 8630: 8626: 8616: 8614: 8601: 8600: 8596: 8590:Wayback Machine 8581: 8577: 8571:Wayback Machine 8562: 8558: 8552:Wayback Machine 8543: 8539: 8534:Wayback Machine 8524: 8520: 8512: 8508: 8502:Wayback Machine 8493: 8489: 8479: 8477: 8468: 8467: 8463: 8426: 8422: 8412: 8410: 8397: 8396: 8392: 8388:. The Guardian. 8386:Wayback Machine 8377: 8373: 8363: 8361: 8346: 8342: 8332: 8330: 8317: 8316: 8312: 8302: 8300: 8287: 8286: 8282: 8272: 8270: 8255: 8251: 8241: 8239: 8226: 8225: 8221: 8211: 8209: 8194: 8190: 8184:Wayback Machine 8175: 8171: 8165:Wayback Machine 8156: 8152: 8142: 8140: 8131: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8107: 8106: 8102: 8092: 8090: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8066: 8064: 8059: 8058: 8054: 8044: 8042: 8027: 8023: 8013: 8011: 8002: 8001: 7997: 7987: 7985: 7977: 7976: 7972: 7962: 7960: 7949: 7945: 7939:Wayback Machine 7930: 7926: 7920:Wayback Machine 7911: 7907: 7901:Wayback Machine 7892: 7888: 7870: 7863: 7858: 7854: 7849: 7845: 7839:Wayback Machine 7829: 7825: 7812:Wayback Machine 7805:"Point of Ayre" 7802: 7798: 7792:Wayback Machine 7782: 7778: 7769: 7765: 7760: 7753: 7747:Wayback Machine 7737: 7733: 7727:Wayback Machine 7717: 7713: 7704: 7700: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7681: 7680: 7676: 7666: 7664: 7663:. 31 March 2022 7655: 7654: 7650: 7645:Wayback Machine 7631: 7627: 7618:Wayback Machine 7609: 7605: 7599:Wayback Machine 7590: 7586: 7581: 7574: 7564: 7562: 7555: 7539: 7535: 7530: 7526: 7521:Wayback Machine 7513:Ordnance Survey 7508: 7501: 7493: 7482: 7476:Wayback Machine 7467: 7463: 7452: 7448: 7442:Wayback Machine 7433: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7377: 7375: 7360: 7356: 7351: 7347: 7342: 7335: 7330: 7326: 7321: 7317: 7312: 7308: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7290: 7285: 7281: 7276: 7269: 7264: 7260: 7255: 7251: 7246:Wayback Machine 7236: 7232: 7226:Wayback Machine 7217: 7213: 7205: 7201: 7196: 7192: 7187: 7183: 7178: 7174: 7168:Wayback Machine 7159: 7155: 7150: 7146: 7141: 7137: 7132: 7125: 7120: 7116: 7111: 7107: 7102: 7098: 7092:Wayback Machine 7083: 7079: 7074: 7070: 7065: 7061: 7056: 7052: 7047: 7043: 7037:Wayback Machine 7028: 7024: 7016:, (ed.) (1969) 7012: 7008: 6999: 6995: 6988:Orkneyinga Saga 6984: 6977: 6972: 6968: 6963: 6959: 6954: 6950: 6945: 6941: 6936: 6932: 6927: 6923: 6918: 6914: 6909: 6905: 6900: 6896: 6891: 6887: 6877: 6875: 6864: 6860: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6837: 6830: 6825: 6821: 6816: 6812: 6807: 6803: 6798: 6794: 6789: 6785: 6779:Wayback Machine 6767: 6763: 6758: 6754: 6749: 6745: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6692:Wayback Machine 6682: 6678: 6673: 6669: 6664: 6660: 6650: 6648: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6620: 6618: 6605: 6604: 6600: 6590: 6588: 6573: 6569: 6564: 6560: 6554:Wayback Machine 6545: 6541: 6536: 6532: 6526:Wayback Machine 6517: 6513: 6507:Wayback Machine 6498: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6473: 6469: 6461: 6457: 6451:Wayback Machine 6441: 6434: 6428:Wayback Machine 6419: 6415: 6409:Wayback Machine 6397: 6393: 6388: 6381: 6375:Wayback Machine 6366: 6362: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6326: 6322: 6306: 6305: 6298: 6296: 6283: 6279: 6269: 6267: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6239:Wayback Machine 6230: 6226: 6213:Wayback Machine 6203:Pokorny, Julius 6201: 6197: 6192: 6188: 6182:Wayback Machine 6173: 6169: 6162: 6158: 6137: 6133: 6126: 6122: 6116:Wayback Machine 6107: 6100: 6095: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6073:Wayback Machine 6064: 6060: 6051: 6047: 6042: 6038: 6033: 6029: 6019: 6017: 6013: 6006: 5997: 5990: 5985: 5981: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5963: 5962: 5957: 5953: 5948: 5944: 5939: 5935: 5898: 5894: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5859: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5833: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5806: 5802: 5793: 5789: 5784: 5780: 5774: 5770: 5765: 5761: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5716:Orkneyinga Saga 5711: 5707: 5698: 5694: 5685: 5681: 5671: 5667: 5651: 5647: 5630: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5541: 5534: 5529:Scotland portal 5527: 5522: 5520: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5475: 5469: 5466: 5450: 5444: 5412: 5410:Protected areas 5382:short-eared owl 5345: 5337:locally extinct 5211: 5209:Natural history 5147: 5141: 5002: 4987:community radio 4946: 4835:South Ronaldsay 4823: 4740:North Ronaldsay 4651: 4623:North Ronaldsay 4577: 4572: 4526: 4505:form a partial 4487:Fall of Warness 4453: 4415:Excavations by 4409: 4311: 4239:Scottish Greens 4162:as part of the 4156: 4081:Ploughing Match 4037: 4035:The South Isles 3932:chambered cairn 3928:Eynhallow Sound 3883:North Ronaldsay 3860: 3858:The North Isles 3764: 3758: 3753: 3747: 3739: 3625:county councils 3609: 3604: 3506: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3240: 3134: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2504:aurora borealis 2465: 2330: 2324: 2231:South Ronaldsay 2221:Orkney Mainland 2214: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2174: 2037: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1990: 1982: 1981: 1980: 1972: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1954: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1936: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1918: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1900: 1892: 1891: 1890: 1882: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1864: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1846: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1828: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1810: 1794: 1749:South Ronaldsay 1733: 1728: 1485:Scottish island 1476: 1396: 1295:, betrothed to 1262: 1195:was granted to 1166:Haakon Paulsson 1150:Paul and Erlend 1091:Orkneyinga Saga 1068:South Ronaldsay 1037:Magnus Barelegs 1032:Orkneyinga Saga 1023:Harald Fairhair 993:Harald Fairhair 988:Orkneyinga Saga 979: 973: 863:Excavations at 847: 813:Ring of Brodgar 771:Ring of Brodgar 764: 758: 753: 747: 732:George Buchanan 706:The Norse knew 637:Orcades insulae 617:representing a 609:Scottish Gaelic 577:". Speakers of 506: 446:. In 1472, the 413:historic county 327: 323: 266:Sovereign state 191: 189: 185: 182: 177: 174: 172: 170: 169: 159: 158: 157: 156: 153: 152: 151: 150: 146: 111: 110: 109: 96: 95: 53:Scottish Gaelic 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17484: 17474: 17473: 17468: 17463: 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17428: 17423: 17418: 17413: 17411:Northern Isles 17408: 17391: 17390: 17388: 17387: 17382: 17377: 17375:Viking revival 17371: 17369: 17365: 17364: 17362: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17180: 17178: 17174: 17173: 17171: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17140: 17135: 17130: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17110: 17105: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17070: 17065: 17060: 17055: 17050: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17025: 17020: 17015: 17010: 17005: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16988:Ragnar Lodbrok 16985: 16980: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16960: 16958:Olaf the White 16955: 16950: 16945: 16940: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16880: 16875: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16718:Björn Ironside 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16654: 16652: 16648: 16647: 16645: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16629: 16624: 16619: 16618: 16617: 16612: 16607: 16602: 16597: 16592: 16587: 16582: 16577: 16567: 16562: 16557: 16552: 16546: 16544: 16536: 16535: 16533: 16532: 16527: 16525:Siege of Paris 16522: 16517: 16512: 16507: 16502: 16497: 16492: 16487: 16482: 16477: 16475:Battle of York 16472: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16452: 16447: 16442: 16437: 16432: 16427: 16422: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16402: 16397: 16392: 16387: 16382: 16377: 16372: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16352: 16347: 16342: 16340:Battle of Niså 16337: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16106: 16104: 16100: 16099: 16097: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16066: 16065: 16064: 16059: 16049: 16048: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16007: 16001: 15999: 15995: 15994: 15992: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15980: 15979: 15974: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15952:Orkney Islands 15949: 15944: 15939: 15933: 15931: 15925: 15924: 15922: 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15895: 15893: 15892:and navigation 15887: 15886: 15879: 15877: 15875: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15799: 15794: 15789: 15784: 15779: 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15733: 15732: 15727: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15686: 15684: 15680: 15679: 15672: 15671: 15664: 15657: 15649: 15640: 15639: 15636: 15635: 15633: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15615:Northern Irish 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15571: 15569: 15565: 15564: 15561: 15560: 15558: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15536: 15534: 15530: 15529: 15527: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15500: 15498: 15492: 15491: 15489: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15462: 15460: 15454: 15453: 15451: 15450: 15445: 15439: 15437: 15428: 15421: 15417: 15416: 15413: 15412: 15410: 15409: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15389: 15388: 15387: 15377: 15371: 15369: 15365: 15364: 15362: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15345: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15322:United Kingdom 15319: 15313: 15311: 15310:Current states 15307: 15306: 15304: 15303: 15297: 15295: 15288: 15276: 15275: 15272: 15271: 15269: 15268: 15267: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15249:United Kingdom 15246: 15241: 15236: 15231: 15225: 15223: 15219: 15218: 15216: 15215: 15210: 15209: 15208: 15203: 15196:Northern Isles 15193: 15188: 15183: 15182: 15181: 15176: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15150: 15148: 15141: 15137: 15136: 15133: 15132: 15130: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15103: 15101: 15097: 15096: 15094: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15077: 15075: 15069: 15068: 15066: 15065: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15043:United Kingdom 15040: 15034: 15032: 15023: 15019: 15018: 15016: 15015: 15014: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14973: 14967: 14964: 14963: 14956: 14955: 14948: 14941: 14933: 14924: 14923: 14921: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14874: 14872: 14866: 14865: 14863: 14862: 14857: 14855:Treaty of 1098 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14797: 14791: 14789: 14785: 14784: 14782: 14781: 14776: 14774:Northern Isles 14771: 14765: 14763: 14759: 14758: 14756: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14729: 14727: 14721: 14720: 14718: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14676: 14674: 14668: 14667: 14665: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14647: 14642: 14635: 14630: 14628:Lewis chessmen 14625: 14620: 14618:Galloway Hoard 14615: 14608: 14601: 14595: 14593: 14589: 14588: 14586: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14504: 14502: 14498: 14497: 14495: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14467:Outer Hebrides 14464: 14459: 14454: 14452:Gall-Ghàidheil 14449: 14444: 14438: 14436: 14432: 14431: 14429: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14396:Olaf the White 14393: 14388: 14383: 14377: 14375: 14371: 14370: 14368: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14286: 14284: 14280: 14279: 14277: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14259:Crovan dynasty 14256: 14251: 14245: 14243: 14239: 14238: 14231: 14230: 14223: 14216: 14208: 14199: 14198: 14195: 14194: 14191: 14190: 14188: 14187: 14181: 14179: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14154:Rhinns complex 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14114:Colonsay Group 14110: 14108: 14104: 14103: 14101: 14100: 14095: 14093:Orcadian Basin 14090: 14084: 14082: 14076: 14075: 14073: 14072: 14066: 14064: 14056: 14055: 14045: 14044: 14041: 14040: 14037: 14036: 14034: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14021:Shetland sheep 14018: 14013: 14011:Shetland Goose 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13967: 13965: 13961: 13960: 13958: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13941: 13939: 13935: 13934: 13932: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13909:Fair Isle wren 13905: 13903: 13895: 13894: 13884: 13883: 13880: 13879: 13876: 13875: 13873: 13872: 13870:North Ayrshire 13867: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13841: 13839: 13831: 13830: 13820: 13819: 13816: 13815: 13812: 13811: 13809: 13808: 13801: 13799:Sorley MacLean 13796: 13791: 13785: 13783: 13782:Inner Hebrides 13779: 13778: 13776: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13762:Fèis Bharraigh 13758: 13752: 13750: 13749:Outer Hebrides 13746: 13745: 13743: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13711: 13709: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13670: 13668: 13660: 13659: 13649: 13648: 13645: 13644: 13641: 13640: 13638: 13637: 13632: 13626: 13624: 13618: 13617: 13615: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13593: 13591: 13587: 13586: 13584: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13557: 13555: 13547: 13546: 13536: 13535: 13532: 13531: 13528: 13527: 13525: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13498: 13496: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13488: 13481: 13476: 13474:Northern Isles 13471: 13465: 13463: 13455: 13454: 13444: 13443: 13440: 13439: 13436: 13435: 13433: 13432: 13424: 13416: 13408: 13400: 13392: 13390: 13386: 13385: 13383: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13366: 13364: 13360: 13359: 13357: 13356: 13351: 13345: 13343: 13337: 13336: 13334: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13317: 13315: 13309: 13308: 13306: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13289: 13287: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13277: 13272: 13266: 13264: 13254: 13253: 13243: 13242: 13239: 13238: 13235: 13234: 13232: 13231: 13229:Dun Nosebridge 13226: 13221: 13216: 13210: 13208: 13204: 13203: 13201: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13188:Broch of Mousa 13185: 13178: 13176: 13170: 13169: 13167: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13134: 13132: 13122: 13121: 13111: 13110: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13097: 13094: 13093: 13091: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13064: 13062: 13058: 13057: 13055: 13054: 13049: 13048: 13047: 13040:Inner Hebrides 13037: 13036: 13035: 13028:Outer Hebrides 13024: 13022: 13016: 13015: 13013: 13012: 13011: 13010: 13000: 12999: 12998: 12987: 12985: 12983:Northern Isles 12975: 12974: 12964: 12963: 12956: 12955: 12948: 12941: 12933: 12924: 12923: 12921: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12879: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12801:Dunbartonshire 12798: 12793: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12741: 12738: 12737: 12726: 12725: 12718: 12711: 12703: 12694: 12693: 12680: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12651:South Ayrshire 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12626:Orkney Islands 12623: 12618: 12616:North Ayrshire 12613: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12512: 12510: 12504: 12503: 12501: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12478:South Ayrshire 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12443:North Ayrshire 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12339: 12337: 12331: 12330: 12319: 12318: 12311: 12304: 12296: 12287: 12286: 12281: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12274: 12271: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12200: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12184: 12181: 12178: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12162: 12157: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12101:Burray Village 12099: 12094: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12045: 12043:Abune-the-hill 12039: 12037: 12033: 12032: 12030: 12029: 12024: 12018: 12016: 12012: 12011: 12003: 12002: 11995: 11988: 11980: 11971: 11970: 11968: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11946: 11944: 11940: 11939: 11937: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11919:Flag of Orkney 11916: 11911: 11905: 11903: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11869: 11867: 11863: 11862: 11860: 11859: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11795: 11793: 11789: 11788: 11786: 11785: 11780: 11772: 11770: 11766: 11765: 11763: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11716: 11714: 11710: 11709: 11707: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11593: 11591: 11587: 11586: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11570: 11569: 11562: 11555: 11547: 11541: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11513: 11508: 11500: 11499:External links 11497: 11495: 11494: 11484: 11470: 11456: 11449: 11447:978-1906841119 11439: 11425: 11408: 11394: 11378: 11366:(eds.) (1995) 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11351: 11341:Orkney Islands 11337:Chisholm, Hugh 11320: 11306: 11293: 11279: 11265: 11263:978-0500051337 11251: 11245: 11230: 11216: 11202: 11188: 11174: 11160: 11146: 11132: 11110: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11087: 11057: 11026: 11011:. NatureScot. 11000: 10975: 10943: 10917: 10891: 10865: 10839: 10812: 10786: 10756: 10724: 10698: 10672: 10646: 10620: 10593: 10574: 10560: 10530: 10507: 10457:(4): 951–956. 10435: 10426: 10404: 10391: 10365: 10346: 10327: 10308: 10289: 10270: 10251: 10232: 10206: 10180: 10161: 10152: 10143: 10124: 10101: 10086: 10077: 10058: 10038: 10026: 9986: 9977: 9968: 9938: 9908: 9878: 9859: 9840: 9821: 9810:"Radio Orkney" 9802: 9791:. 25 June 2007 9776: 9748: 9729: 9718:"Getting Here" 9710: 9691: 9680:"Getting Here" 9669: 9643: 9617: 9587: 9557: 9531: 9505: 9473: 9447: 9415: 9389: 9359: 9329: 9308:HeraldScotland 9294: 9264: 9243: 9231: 9205: 9179: 9142: 9116: 9086: 9063: 9038: 9012: 8986: 8960: 8930: 8904: 8878: 8871: 8853: 8831: 8812: 8798: 8789: 8761: 8733: 8705: 8674: 8643: 8624: 8594: 8575: 8556: 8537: 8518: 8506: 8487: 8461: 8440:(6): 620–631. 8420: 8390: 8371: 8340: 8310: 8280: 8249: 8219: 8188: 8169: 8150: 8125: 8100: 8085:. Met Office. 8074: 8052: 8035:www.ogimet.com 8021: 7995: 7970: 7943: 7924: 7905: 7886: 7861: 7852: 7843: 7823: 7796: 7776: 7763: 7751: 7731: 7711: 7698: 7674: 7648: 7625: 7603: 7584: 7572: 7553: 7533: 7524: 7499: 7497:, p. 279. 7480: 7461: 7446: 7424: 7415: 7404:on 28 May 2019 7385: 7354: 7345: 7333: 7324: 7315: 7306: 7297: 7288: 7279: 7267: 7258: 7249: 7230: 7211: 7209:, p. 281. 7199: 7190: 7181: 7172: 7153: 7144: 7135: 7123: 7114: 7105: 7096: 7077: 7068: 7059: 7050: 7041: 7022: 7006: 6993: 6975: 6966: 6957: 6948: 6939: 6930: 6921: 6912: 6903: 6894: 6885: 6858: 6840: 6828: 6819: 6810: 6801: 6792: 6783: 6761: 6752: 6743: 6734: 6704: 6676: 6667: 6658: 6628: 6598: 6567: 6558: 6539: 6530: 6511: 6492: 6480: 6467: 6455: 6432: 6413: 6391: 6379: 6360: 6351: 6344: 6320: 6277: 6243: 6224: 6195: 6186: 6167: 6156: 6146:. Chapter 10. 6131: 6120: 6098: 6086: 6077: 6058: 6045: 6036: 6027: 5988: 5979: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5951: 5942: 5933: 5892: 5875: 5866: 5853: 5844: 5827: 5818: 5800: 5787: 5778: 5768: 5759: 5747:Hamburg-Bremen 5730: 5721: 5705: 5692: 5679: 5665: 5645: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5577:Orkney College 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5546: 5543:Islands portal 5532: 5518: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5496:: 9 July 2021. 5490: 5477: 5476: 5456: 5454: 5443: 5440: 5411: 5408: 5344: 5341: 5297:common heather 5268:humans, is an 5264:introduced by 5210: 5207: 5203:Scots language 5143:Main article: 5140: 5137: 5133:Eric Linklater 5020:script on the 5008:The Odin Stone 5001: 4998: 4945: 4942: 4822: 4819: 4810:Golden Mariana 4728:Orkney Ferries 4724: 4723: 4709: 4706: 4696: 4689: 4669:Orkney Ferries 4650: 4647: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4555:green hydrogen 4525: 4522: 4452: 4449: 4408: 4405: 4333:fish farming. 4321:, white fish, 4310: 4307: 4181:or the former 4155: 4152: 4104:Calf of Flotta 4073:Martello tower 4053:Old Man of Hoy 4036: 4033: 3956:Balfour Castle 3859: 3856: 3806:Loch of Harray 3760:Main article: 3757: 3754: 3749:Main article: 3746: 3743: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3643:island council 3608: 3607:Administration 3605: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3554:sunshine hours 3549: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3224: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3182:sunshine hours 3177: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3130: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3056: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2515: 2464: 2461: 2416:volcanic rocks 2392:Old Man of Hoy 2326:Main article: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2197: 2196: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2030: 2025: 2024: 2014: 2013: 2012: 2003: 2002: 2001: 1992: 1991: 1984: 1983: 1974: 1973: 1966: 1965: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1947: 1938: 1937: 1930: 1929: 1920: 1919: 1912: 1911: 1902: 1901: 1894: 1893: 1884: 1883: 1876: 1875: 1866: 1865: 1858: 1857: 1848: 1847: 1840: 1839: 1830: 1829: 1822: 1821: 1812: 1811: 1804: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1786:tidal currents 1753:Duncansby Head 1745:Pentland Firth 1732: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1489: 1475: 1472: 1464:Italian Chapel 1404:Italian Chapel 1395: 1392: 1261: 1258: 1185:Jon Haraldsson 1027:Northern Isles 975:Main article: 972: 971:Norwegian rule 969: 935:archaeological 846: 843: 831:Plumcake Mound 760:Main article: 757: 754: 749:Main article: 746: 743: 703:called Orkan. 529:Pomponius Mela 505: 502: 487:Scots language 366:Northern Isles 364:. Part of the 350:Orkney Islands 315: 314: 306: 305: 300: 296: 295: 292: 288: 287: 284: 280: 279: 273: 272: 270:United Kingdom 267: 263: 262: 257: 251: 250: 245: 239: 238: 237:Administration 234: 233: 227: 223: 222: 219: 215: 214: 212:Northern Isles 209: 205: 204: 200: 199: 192:59.000; -3.000 167: 161: 160: 154: 148: 147: 140: 139: 133: 132: 131: 130: 127: 126: 118: 117: 113: 112: 105: 97: 91: 83: 82: 79: 78: 71: 64: 63: 56: 26: 18:Orkney islands 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17483: 17472: 17469: 17467: 17464: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17432: 17429: 17427: 17424: 17422: 17419: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17407: 17404: 17403: 17401: 17386: 17383: 17381: 17378: 17376: 17373: 17372: 17370: 17366: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17329:Stone of Eric 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17181: 17179: 17175: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17124: 17121: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17111: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17069: 17066: 17064: 17061: 17059: 17056: 17054: 17051: 17049: 17046: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17019: 17016: 17014: 17011: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16788:Grímur Kamban 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16743:Eric Bloodaxe 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16673:Amlaíb Conung 16671: 16669: 16668:Amlaíb Cuarán 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16655: 16653: 16649: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16635: 16633: 16632:Shield-maiden 16630: 16628: 16625: 16623: 16622:Ring Fortress 16620: 16616: 16613: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16581: 16578: 16576: 16573: 16572: 16571: 16568: 16566: 16563: 16561: 16558: 16556: 16553: 16551: 16548: 16547: 16545: 16541: 16537: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16521: 16520:Sack of Paris 16518: 16516: 16513: 16511: 16508: 16506: 16503: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16356: 16353: 16351: 16348: 16346: 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16107: 16105: 16101: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16054: 16053: 16050: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16012: 16011: 16010:British Isles 16008: 16006: 16003: 16002: 16000: 15996: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15969: 15968: 15967:North America 15965: 15963: 15962:Faroe Islands 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15934: 15932: 15926: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15896: 15894: 15888: 15883: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15787:Norse rituals 15785: 15783: 15780: 15777: 15773: 15772:Norse funeral 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15725:Elder Futhark 15723: 15722: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15687: 15685: 15681: 15677: 15670: 15665: 15663: 15658: 15656: 15651: 15650: 15647: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15572: 15570: 15566: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15537: 15535: 15531: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15501: 15499: 15497: 15493: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15463: 15461: 15459: 15455: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15440: 15438: 15436: 15432: 15429: 15425: 15422: 15418: 15408: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15393: 15390: 15386: 15383: 15382: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15372: 15370: 15368:Former states 15366: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15324: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15314: 15312: 15308: 15302: 15299: 15298: 15296: 15294:Island groups 15292: 15289: 15286: 15281: 15277: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15251: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15226: 15224: 15220: 15214: 15211: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15198: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15171: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15164:Great Britain 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15151: 15149: 15147:Island groups 15145: 15142: 15138: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15104: 15102: 15098: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15078: 15076: 15074: 15070: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15035: 15033: 15031: 15027: 15024: 15020: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14978: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14968: 14965: 14961: 14960:British Isles 14954: 14949: 14947: 14942: 14940: 14935: 14934: 14931: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14875: 14873: 14871: 14867: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14792: 14790: 14786: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14766: 14764: 14760: 14754: 14753:Old Norwegian 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14730: 14728: 14726: 14722: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14690:Law Ting Holm 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14677: 14675: 14673: 14669: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14652: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14640: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14613: 14609: 14607: 14606: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14596: 14594: 14590: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14553:Linton Chapel 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14505: 14503: 14499: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14439: 14437: 14433: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14407: 14406:Páll Bálkason 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14378: 14376: 14372: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14287: 14285: 14283:Notable women 14281: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14249:List of kings 14247: 14246: 14244: 14240: 14236: 14229: 14224: 14222: 14217: 14215: 14210: 14209: 14206: 14186: 14183: 14182: 14180: 14176: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14111: 14109: 14105: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14085: 14083: 14081: 14077: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14061: 14057: 14050: 14046: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14016:Shetland pony 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13971:Cairn Terrier 13969: 13968: 13966: 13962: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13942: 13940: 13936: 13930: 13929:St Kilda wren 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13919:Shetland wren 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13906: 13904: 13900: 13896: 13889: 13885: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13842: 13840: 13836: 13832: 13825: 13821: 13807: 13806: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13786: 13784: 13780: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13763: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13753: 13751: 13747: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13706: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13679:Thomas Fraser 13677: 13675: 13672: 13671: 13669: 13665: 13661: 13654: 13650: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13627: 13625: 13623: 13619: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13594: 13592: 13588: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13558: 13556: 13552: 13548: 13541: 13537: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13499: 13497: 13493: 13487: 13486: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13466: 13464: 13460: 13456: 13449: 13445: 13430: 13429: 13425: 13422: 13421: 13417: 13414: 13413: 13409: 13406: 13405: 13401: 13399: 13398: 13394: 13393: 13391: 13387: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13367: 13365: 13361: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13346: 13344: 13342: 13338: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13318: 13316: 13314: 13310: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13290: 13288: 13286: 13282: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13267: 13265: 13263: 13259: 13255: 13248: 13244: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13211: 13209: 13205: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13183: 13180: 13179: 13177: 13175: 13171: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13139: 13136: 13135: 13133: 13131: 13127: 13123: 13116: 13112: 13107: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13065: 13063: 13059: 13053: 13050: 13046: 13043: 13042: 13041: 13038: 13034: 13031: 13030: 13029: 13026: 13025: 13023: 13021: 13017: 13009: 13006: 13005: 13004: 13001: 12997: 12994: 12993: 12992: 12989: 12988: 12986: 12984: 12980: 12976: 12969: 12965: 12961: 12954: 12949: 12947: 12942: 12940: 12935: 12934: 12931: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12903:Stirlingshire 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12888:Roxburghshire 12886: 12883: 12880: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12826:Kinross-shire 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12796:Dumfriesshire 12794: 12791: 12790:Cromartyshire 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12745:Aberdeenshire 12743: 12742: 12739: 12735: 12731: 12724: 12719: 12717: 12712: 12710: 12705: 12704: 12701: 12691: 12687: 12683: 12678: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12551:East Ayrshire 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12521:Aberdeenshire 12519: 12517: 12516:Aberdeen City 12514: 12513: 12511: 12509: 12505: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12378:East Ayrshire 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12348:Aberdeenshire 12346: 12344: 12343:Aberdeen City 12341: 12340: 12338: 12336: 12335:Council areas 12332: 12328: 12324: 12317: 12312: 12310: 12305: 12303: 12298: 12297: 12294: 12284: 12279: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12185: 12182: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12040: 12038: 12034: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12019: 12017: 12013: 12009: 12001: 11996: 11994: 11989: 11987: 11982: 11981: 11978: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11947: 11945: 11941: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11900: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11870: 11868: 11864: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11796: 11794: 11790: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11778: 11774: 11773: 11771: 11767: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11717: 11715: 11713:Other islands 11711: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11659:Papa Stronsay 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11599: 11595: 11594: 11592: 11588: 11584: 11579: 11575: 11568: 11563: 11561: 11556: 11554: 11549: 11548: 11545: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11520: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11506: 11503: 11502: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11483: 11479: 11475: 11474:Orkney by Air 11471: 11469: 11465: 11461: 11457: 11454: 11450: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11438: 11434: 11430: 11426: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11406:9781840334678 11403: 11399: 11395: 11393: 11389: 11385: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11360: 11348: 11347: 11342: 11338: 11333: 11332:public domain 11321: 11319: 11318:1-84158-596-3 11315: 11311: 11307: 11305: 11304:0-85021-205-7 11301: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11288: 11284: 11280: 11278: 11277:1-84158-254-9 11274: 11270: 11266: 11264: 11260: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11242: 11238: 11237: 11231: 11229: 11225: 11221: 11217: 11215: 11214:0-304-35525-9 11211: 11207: 11203: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11187: 11186:90-04-15893-6 11183: 11179: 11175: 11173: 11172:0-7524-2517-X 11169: 11165: 11161: 11159: 11158:1-85410-978-2 11155: 11151: 11147: 11145: 11144:0-304-93565-4 11141: 11137: 11133: 11131: 11127: 11123: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11109: 11108:0-7524-3764-X 11105: 11101: 11097: 11096: 11075: 11071: 11067: 11061: 11045: 11041: 11037: 11030: 11014: 11010: 11004: 10985: 10979: 10960: 10953: 10947: 10931: 10927: 10921: 10905: 10901: 10895: 10879: 10875: 10869: 10853: 10849: 10843: 10827: 10823: 10816: 10800: 10796: 10790: 10774: 10770: 10766: 10760: 10741: 10734: 10728: 10712: 10708: 10702: 10686: 10682: 10676: 10660: 10656: 10650: 10634: 10630: 10624: 10609: 10608: 10603: 10597: 10590: 10586: 10583: 10578: 10570: 10564: 10548: 10544: 10540: 10534: 10527: 10523: 10519: 10516: 10511: 10502: 10496: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10451: 10446: 10439: 10430: 10423: 10419: 10416: 10411: 10409: 10401: 10395: 10379: 10375: 10369: 10362: 10358: 10355: 10350: 10343: 10339: 10336: 10331: 10324: 10320: 10317: 10312: 10306: 10302: 10298: 10293: 10286: 10282: 10279: 10274: 10267: 10263: 10260: 10259:Orkneyjar FAQ 10255: 10248: 10244: 10241: 10236: 10220: 10216: 10210: 10203: 10199: 10196: 10193: 10190: 10184: 10177: 10173: 10170: 10165: 10156: 10147: 10140: 10136: 10133: 10128: 10121: 10120:0-08-034518-2 10117: 10113: 10112: 10105: 10098: 10097: 10090: 10081: 10074: 10070: 10067: 10062: 10056: 10055:0-9513443-4-X 10052: 10048: 10042: 10033: 10031: 10014: 10010: 10006: 10005: 10000: 9996: 9990: 9981: 9972: 9956: 9952: 9948: 9942: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9912: 9896: 9892: 9888: 9882: 9875: 9871: 9868: 9863: 9856: 9852: 9849: 9844: 9837: 9833: 9830: 9825: 9818: 9814: 9811: 9806: 9790: 9786: 9780: 9765: 9760: 9752: 9745: 9741: 9738: 9733: 9726: 9722: 9719: 9714: 9707: 9703: 9700: 9695: 9688: 9684: 9681: 9676: 9674: 9657: 9653: 9647: 9631: 9627: 9621: 9605: 9601: 9600:Hydrogen East 9597: 9591: 9575: 9571: 9567: 9561: 9545: 9541: 9535: 9519: 9515: 9509: 9493: 9489: 9488: 9483: 9477: 9461: 9457: 9451: 9435: 9431: 9430: 9425: 9419: 9403: 9399: 9393: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9363: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9333: 9317: 9313: 9309: 9305: 9298: 9282: 9278: 9274: 9268: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9253: 9247: 9240: 9235: 9219: 9215: 9209: 9193: 9189: 9183: 9167: 9163: 9159: 9158: 9157:Fully Charged 9153: 9146: 9130: 9126: 9120: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9090: 9083: 9079: 9075: 9072: 9067: 9052: 9051:www.uhi.ac.uk 9048: 9042: 9026: 9022: 9016: 9000: 8996: 8990: 8974: 8970: 8964: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8934: 8918: 8914: 8908: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8874: 8868: 8864: 8857: 8850: 8846: 8843: 8838: 8836: 8828: 8824: 8821: 8816: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8793: 8778:. 2 July 2023 8777: 8776: 8771: 8765: 8750: 8749: 8744: 8737: 8722: 8721: 8716: 8709: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8678: 8662: 8658: 8654: 8647: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8628: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8598: 8591: 8587: 8584: 8579: 8572: 8568: 8565: 8564:"Jim Wallace" 8560: 8553: 8549: 8546: 8541: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8522: 8515: 8510: 8503: 8499: 8496: 8491: 8475: 8472:. Orknejyar. 8471: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8431: 8424: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8394: 8387: 8383: 8380: 8375: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8344: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8314: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8284: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8253: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8223: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8192: 8185: 8181: 8178: 8173: 8166: 8162: 8159: 8154: 8139: 8135: 8129: 8114: 8110: 8104: 8088: 8084: 8078: 8062: 8056: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8025: 8009: 8005: 7999: 7984: 7980: 7974: 7958: 7954: 7947: 7940: 7936: 7933: 7928: 7921: 7917: 7914: 7909: 7902: 7898: 7895: 7890: 7883: 7880: 7879:archive.today 7876: 7873: 7868: 7866: 7856: 7847: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7827: 7820: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7806: 7800: 7793: 7789: 7786: 7780: 7773: 7767: 7758: 7756: 7748: 7744: 7741: 7735: 7728: 7724: 7721: 7715: 7708: 7702: 7684: 7678: 7662: 7658: 7652: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7629: 7622: 7619: 7615: 7612: 7607: 7600: 7596: 7593: 7588: 7579: 7577: 7560: 7556: 7550: 7546: 7545: 7537: 7528: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7511: 7506: 7504: 7496: 7495:Chisholm 1911 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7477: 7473: 7470: 7465: 7458: 7457: 7450: 7443: 7439: 7436: 7431: 7429: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7358: 7349: 7340: 7338: 7328: 7319: 7310: 7301: 7292: 7283: 7274: 7272: 7262: 7253: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7234: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7215: 7208: 7207:Chisholm 1911 7203: 7194: 7185: 7176: 7169: 7165: 7162: 7157: 7148: 7139: 7130: 7128: 7118: 7109: 7100: 7093: 7089: 7086: 7081: 7072: 7063: 7054: 7045: 7038: 7034: 7031: 7026: 7019: 7015: 7010: 7003: 6997: 6990: 6989: 6982: 6980: 6970: 6961: 6952: 6943: 6934: 6925: 6916: 6907: 6898: 6889: 6873: 6869: 6862: 6854: 6852: 6844: 6835: 6833: 6823: 6814: 6805: 6796: 6787: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6765: 6756: 6747: 6738: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6708: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6686: 6680: 6671: 6662: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6571: 6562: 6555: 6551: 6548: 6543: 6534: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6515: 6508: 6504: 6501: 6496: 6489: 6484: 6477: 6471: 6464: 6459: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6439: 6437: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6417: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6395: 6386: 6384: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6364: 6355: 6347: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6324: 6316: 6310: 6294: 6290: 6289: 6281: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6247: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6228: 6220: 6219: 6214: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6199: 6190: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6171: 6165: 6160: 6153: 6151: 6145: 6141: 6135: 6129: 6124: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6105: 6103: 6093: 6091: 6081: 6074: 6070: 6067: 6062: 6055: 6049: 6040: 6031: 6012: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5993: 5983: 5974: 5970: 5955: 5946: 5937: 5929: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5907: 5902: 5896: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5870: 5863: 5857: 5848: 5841: 5837: 5831: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5797: 5791: 5782: 5772: 5763: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5739:Henry of Lund 5734: 5725: 5718: 5717: 5709: 5702: 5696: 5689: 5683: 5676: 5669: 5662: 5657: 5649: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5628: 5624: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5538: 5533: 5530: 5519: 5516: 5505: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5473: 5464: 5460: 5457:This list is 5455: 5448: 5447: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5414:There are 13 5407: 5405: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5391:RSPB Scotland 5385: 5383: 5379: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5349: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5220: 5215: 5206: 5204: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5160: 5151: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5065: 5059: 5054: 5050: 5049:Insular Scots 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5006: 4997: 4995: 4990: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4889:(3 & 4), 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4811: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4684:(operated by 4683: 4680:Gills Bay to 4679: 4678: 4677: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4661: 4660:Earl Thorfinn 4655: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4610:in Shetland. 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4567: 4564: 4559: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4539: 4536:In May 2020, 4534: 4531: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4448: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4433: 4431: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4404: 4402: 4396: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4366:Scotch whisky 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4293: 4292:Isle of Wight 4289: 4285: 4284:Western Isles 4281: 4277: 4272: 4270: 4265: 4262: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4206:Liam McArthur 4203: 4200:(MSP) by the 4199: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4184: 4183:Liberal Party 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3983:Holm of Faray 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3944:Papa Stronsay 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3763: 3752: 3742: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3613: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552:Mean monthly 3550: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3503: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3249: 3244: 3233: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180:Mean monthly 3178: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3131: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3062: 3061:precipitation 3057: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2637: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2449:geomorphology 2446: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2417: 2414: 2409: 2407: 2402: 2400: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2334: 2329: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2202: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2172: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2038: 2028: 2019: 2018: 2008: 2007: 1997: 1996: 1979: 1978: 1961: 1960: 1943: 1942: 1925: 1924: 1907: 1906: 1889: 1888: 1871: 1870: 1853: 1852: 1835: 1834: 1817: 1816: 1801: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1737: 1723: 1720: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1438:in 1918, the 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1201:Earl of Angus 1198: 1194: 1190: 1187:'s murder in 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1114: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1064:broch of Hoxa 1061: 1060:Eric Bloodaxe 1057: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1004: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 989: 983: 978: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 947: 943: 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 896: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 859: 855: 854:Midhowe Broch 851: 842: 840: 839:Holm of Faray 836: 832: 828: 823: 821: 816: 814: 810: 809:passage grave 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 790:Knap of Howar 787: 783: 776: 772: 768: 763: 752: 742: 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 720: 714: 709: 704: 702: 697: 696: 690: 685: 679: 674: 673: 668: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 645: 644: 638: 633: 629: 628: 623: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 594:Ynysoedd Erch 590: 585: 580: 576: 572: 567: 561: 559: 555: 552: 548: 544: 540: 535: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 501: 499: 496: 492: 488: 484: 479: 476: 475:local climate 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 450:absorbed the 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 397:council areas 393: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 345: 321: 307: 304: 301: 297: 293: 289: 286:22,540 (2021) 285: 281: 278: 274: 271: 268: 264: 261: 258: 256: 252: 249: 246: 244: 240: 235: 231: 228: 224: 220: 216: 213: 210: 206: 201: 196: 168: 166: 162: 137: 128: 124: 119: 114: 108: 101: 94: 87: 80: 76: 72: 69: 65: 61: 57: 54: 50: 44: 40: 33: 19: 17148:Vagn Åkesson 17068:Skalla-Grímr 17063:Sitric Caech 16928:Leif Erikson 16908:Ketilsdóttir 16748:Erik the Red 16540:Arms, armour 15930:and colonies 15919:Visby lenses 15909:Viking ships 15802:Raven banner 15625:Ulster-Scots 15200: 14733:Middle Irish 14649: 14637: 14612:Darraðarljóð 14610: 14603: 14563:Old Scatness 14381:Caittil Find 14335:Isabel Bruce 13986:Luing cattle 13976:Eriskay Pony 13803: 13789:Islay whisky 13760: 13622:Oil industry 13483: 13426: 13418: 13410: 13402: 13395: 13219:Dun Carloway 13198:Old Scatness 13002: 12918:Wigtownshire 12913:West Lothian 12893:Selkirkshire 12871:Renfrewshire 12861:Peeblesshire 12855: 12806:East Lothian 12770:Berwickshire 12682:List by area 12671:West Lothian 12636:Renfrewshire 12586:Glasgow City 12561:East Lothian 12498:West Lothian 12463:Renfrewshire 12452: 12413:Glasgow City 12388:East Lothian 12164:Lady Village 12140:Hollandstoun 12007: 11775: 11725:Helliar Holm 11664:Papa Westray 11596: 11573: 11473: 11459: 11452: 11428: 11414: 11397: 11383: 11367: 11363: 11362:Batey, C.E. 11344: 11309: 11295: 11282: 11268: 11254: 11235: 11219: 11205: 11191: 11177: 11163: 11149: 11135: 11117: 11113: 11099: 11078:. Retrieved 11070:The Orcadian 11069: 11060: 11048:. Retrieved 11039: 11029: 11017:. Retrieved 11003: 10991:. Retrieved 10978: 10966:. Retrieved 10946: 10934:. Retrieved 10930:the original 10920: 10908:. Retrieved 10904:the original 10894: 10882:. Retrieved 10868: 10856:. Retrieved 10842: 10830:. Retrieved 10815: 10803:. Retrieved 10789: 10777:. Retrieved 10768: 10759: 10747:. Retrieved 10727: 10715:. Retrieved 10701: 10689:. Retrieved 10675: 10663:. Retrieved 10659:the original 10649: 10637:. Retrieved 10623: 10611:. Retrieved 10605: 10596: 10577: 10568: 10563: 10551:. Retrieved 10543:Sheep Breeds 10542: 10533: 10510: 10495:cite journal 10454: 10448: 10444: 10438: 10429: 10399: 10394: 10382:. Retrieved 10368: 10349: 10330: 10311: 10292: 10273: 10254: 10235: 10223:. Retrieved 10209: 10188: 10183: 10164: 10155: 10146: 10127: 10109: 10104: 10096:The Orcadian 10094: 10089: 10080: 10061: 10049:. Byrgisey. 10046: 10041: 10017:. Retrieved 10008: 10002: 9989: 9980: 9971: 9959:. 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Retrieved 6259: 6255: 6246: 6227: 6198: 6189: 6170: 6159: 6147: 6143: 6134: 6123: 6080: 6061: 6054:The Scotsman 6053: 6048: 6039: 6030: 6018:. Retrieved 5982: 5973: 5954: 5945: 5936: 5919:slurry, and 5915:, meaning a 5895: 5888:Proto-Celtic 5878: 5869: 5856: 5847: 5830: 5821: 5803: 5790: 5781: 5771: 5762: 5733: 5724: 5714: 5708: 5695: 5687: 5682: 5675:The Guardian 5674: 5668: 5648: 5627: 5480: 5467: 5413: 5401: 5399: 5387: 5374: 5354: 5339:since 1908. 5330: 5328: 5313: 5309:Happy Valley 5274: 5230:common seals 5223: 5200: 5176: 5156: 5122: 5080: 5069: 5030: 5011: 4991: 4960: 4956:Orkney Today 4955: 4951:The Orcadian 4949: 4947: 4939: 4857:, Kirkwall, 4824: 4809: 4738:(or Papay), 4736:Papa Westray 4725: 4674: 4659: 4631:Papa Westray 4612: 4578: 4560: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4535: 4527: 4519: 4492:During 2007 4491: 4480: 4469: 4445: 4434: 4426: 4398: 4393: 4389: 4381: 4369:distilleries 4335: 4316: 4312: 4296: 4273: 4266: 4258: 4243: 4225: 4187: 4167:constituency 4157: 4101: 4038: 3991:Holm of Papa 3987:Holm of Huip 3979:Helliar Holm 3963:Calf of Eday 3960: 3914: 3895:Papa Westray 3880: 3876: 3847: 3833: 3803: 3776: 3756:The Mainland 3740: 3737:Demographics 3702:Papa Westray 3667: 3633: 3618: 3063:mm (inches) 2508: 2500:shortest day 2489: 2485: 2466: 2432: 2410: 2403: 2396: 2381:Lake Orcadie 2374: 2339: 2200: 2083: 2071: 2059: 2036: 2015: 2004: 1993: 1975: 1957: 1939: 1921: 1903: 1885: 1867: 1849: 1831: 1813: 1783: 1772: 1761: 1742: 1721: 1477: 1468: 1453: 1434:. After the 1432:World War II 1417: 1394:20th century 1377: 1363:(3,048 1349: 1345: 1313: 1308: 1305: 1278: 1243: 1220: 1176: 1174: 1137: 1128: 1102: 1090: 1088: 1049: 1030: 1008: 1002:Flateyjarbók 1000: 986: 949:missionaries 928: 906:in AD 43 at 897: 862: 824: 817: 794:Papa Westray 779: 736: 727: 723: 705: 688: 669:" and added 653: 648: 641: 591:is known as 562: 557: 556:in his work 554:John Tzetzes 516: 507: 480: 472: 462:promised to 425: 421:independents 401:constituency 394: 353: 349: 319: 318: 277:Demographics 243:Council area 208:Island group 107:Coat of arms 43: 17118:Thorir Hund 17048:Sigurd Ring 16903:Jomsvikings 16600:Yarm helmet 16035:Isle of Man 15989:Kievan Rus' 15822:Skíðblaðnir 15776:ship burial 15695:Brisingamen 15514:Guernésiais 15359:Isle of Man 15244:Isle of Man 15191:Isle of Man 15091:Isle of Man 14976:Terminology 14850:Vestrajǫrðr 14825:Isle of Man 14501:Archaeology 14401:Olvir Rosta 14169:Torridonian 13914:Orkney vole 13694:Up Helly Aa 12884:(from 1889) 12836:Lanarkshire 12546:Dundee City 12373:Dundee City 11960:Orkney F.C. 11689:South Walls 10993:25 November 10968:25 November 10936:25 November 10910:25 November 10384:1 September 10132:"The Trows" 10099:. Kirkwall. 9961:15 November 9931:15 November 9901:15 November 9056:19 December 9031:19 February 8754:17 February 8726:17 February 8143:11 December 8113:maps.nls.uk 8093:23 February 7963:9 September 7510:"Get-a-Map" 7378:20 December 6991:chapter 12. 6878:18 November 6299:10 February 6270:10 February 5572:Orkney Club 5485:of Orkney: 5378:hen harrier 5365:Orkney vole 5361:common vole 5262:common vole 5258:Orkney vole 5250:great skuas 5244:(tysties), 5028:in Orkney. 4958:, in 2007. 4776:South Walls 4663:arrives at 4462:on-site at 4371:in Orkney ( 4231:independent 4210:Jim Wallace 4136:Rysa Little 4124:Glimps Holm 4089:Glimps Holm 4069:South Walls 3836:Sule Skerry 2492:longest day 2481:Gulf Stream 2421:Lamprophyre 2354:metamorphic 2046:Settlement 1792:Settlements 1428:World War I 1307:themselves 1285:Christian I 1250:place names 1125:in Kirkwall 1099:South Walls 1052:Torf-Einarr 957:enslavement 908:Camulodunum 898:During the 865:Quanterness 825:During the 589:archipelago 521:Dunnet Head 368:along with 358:archipelago 190: / 165:Coordinates 17400:Categories 17177:Runestones 16693:Berle-Kari 16658:Airdeconut 15852:Viking art 15847:Viking Age 15524:Sercquiais 14903:MacDougall 14898:Mac Coitir 14800:Brunanburh 14695:Lunnasting 14088:Eday Group 14026:Soay sheep 13635:Sullom Voe 13389:Literature 13370:Clearances 13159:Skara Brae 13119:Prehistory 13088:Sea Stacks 12908:Sutherland 12876:Ross-shire 12866:Perthshire 12851:Nairnshire 12841:Midlothian 12765:Banffshire 12686:population 12601:Midlothian 12596:Inverclyde 12428:Midlothian 12423:Inverclyde 12236:Tankerness 12160:Kettletoft 12097:Broughtown 11893:Witchcraft 11888:Scapa Flow 11878:Prehistory 11839:St Andrews 11649:Inner Holm 11398:Old Orkney 11120:. Leiden. 11019:12 October 10884:2 February 10858:2 February 10832:2 February 10805:2 February 10779:2 February 10749:2 February 10717:2 February 10613:24 October 10225:31 October 10011:: 677–96. 9662:7 February 9636:7 February 9610:7 February 9580:7 February 9550:3 February 9524:3 February 9514:"Hydrogen" 9498:3 February 9466:7 February 9440:3 February 9408:7 February 9198:3 February 9135:3 February 9109:3 February 9005:3 February 8979:3 February 8953:3 February 8698:8 February 8667:8 February 8364:30 January 8333:30 January 8303:30 January 8273:30 January 8242:30 January 8212:30 January 8014:3 November 7983:Met Office 7882:Met Office 7368:The Herald 6702:pp. 55–65. 5836:Rigsraadet 5703:in 565 AD. 5614:References 5494:Royal Navy 5459:incomplete 5369:NatureScot 5305:Sutherland 5285:sea thrift 5281:sea squill 5238:kittiwakes 5125:Edwin Muir 5037:West Norse 4919:Skara Brae 4891:Tankerness 4356:and other 4041:Scapa Flow 4015:Sweyn Holm 4003:Linga Holm 3871:semi-feral 3840:Sule Stack 3665:councils. 3507:(≥ 1.0 mm) 3229:Met Office 3227:Source 1: 3135:(≥ 1.0 mm) 2399:Eday Group 2213:Population 1424:Scapa Flow 1420:Royal Navy 1324:White fish 1303:in 1472. 1252:, and the 827:Bronze Age 798:Skara Brae 786:Tankerness 780:A charred 756:Prehistory 619:fossilized 607:in modern 597:in modern 428:Mesolithic 283:Population 17138:Turgesius 17013:Reginheri 16983:Palnatoke 16768:Freygeirr 16550:Berserker 16074:Pomerania 16069:Rhineland 15998:Expansion 15947:Greenland 15928:Homelands 15872:Yggdrasil 15792:Old Norse 15747:Hnefatafl 15715:Einherjar 15504:Auregnais 15140:Geography 14918:MacDonald 14888:Somhairle 14762:Etymology 14743:Old Norse 14705:Sandsting 14645:Ounceland 14538:Earl's Bu 14528:Camas Uig 14447:Dál Riata 14386:Ingimundr 13581:Stromness 13576:Stornoway 13452:Etymology 13431:(Boswell) 13423:(Johnson) 13331:Finlaggan 13262:Dál Riata 12972:Geography 12878:(to 1889) 12792:(to 1889) 12780:Caithness 12261:Whitehall 12226:St Mary's 12195:Pierowall 12186:Northtown 12180:Mirbister 12105:Bustatoun 12093:Broughton 12079:Braeswick 12066:Bimbister 12056:Backaland 12051:Ancumtoun 12027:Stromness 11858:Stromness 11783:Stromness 11730:Lamb Holm 11720:Eynhallow 11679:Shapinsay 11180:. Brill. 9764:The Times 9224:1 October 6309:cite book 6020:14 August 5966:Citations 5899:Only two 5816:history". 5755:Trondheim 5753:(today's 5701:Inverness 5619:Footnotes 5470:July 2021 5432:sand eels 5403:The Times 5277:sea aster 5266:Neolithic 5145:Orcadians 5139:Orcadians 5098:Agravaine 5026:Old Irish 4979:Caithness 4973:station, 4935:NorthLink 4859:St Mary's 4843:Stromness 4815:Pierowall 4802:, in the 4756:Shapinsay 4720:Stromness 4604:Inverness 4596:Edinburgh 4570:Transport 4443:in June. 4132:Lamb Holm 4116:Corn Holm 4093:Lamb Holm 4049:Ward Hill 4011:Rusk Holm 3999:Kili Holm 3971:Eynhallow 3952:Shapinsay 3910:quarrying 3907:limestone 3814:Neolithic 3799:Stromness 3787:Stromness 3771:Stromness 3723:Stromness 3711:Shapinsay 2406:synclinal 2350:Caithness 2291:Shapinsay 2165:< 500 2161:Whitehall 2155:< 500 2145:< 500 2141:Pierowall 2135:< 500 2125:< 500 2115:< 500 2105:< 500 2095:< 500 2067:Stromness 2006:Shetland→ 1995:Whitehall 1959:Pierowall 1833:Stromness 1775:Ward Hill 1757:Caithness 1731:Geography 1454:Royal Oak 1452:HMS 1436:Armistice 1408:Lamb Holm 1361:long tons 1320:Stromness 1269:James III 1239:Edinburgh 1158:martyrdom 939:Dalriadic 912:Shapinsay 713:Megenland 678:Orkneyjar 658:Old Norse 650:Norwegian 579:Old Irish 558:Chiliades 551:Byzantine 504:Etymology 454:into the 432:Neolithic 411:, and an 374:Caithness 230:Ward Hill 75:Orkneyjar 68:Old Norse 17163:Uí Ímair 16943:Náttfari 16923:Lagertha 16883:Hvitserk 16615:Ingelrii 16610:Ulfberht 16590:Dane axe 16062:Normandy 16057:Brittany 16040:Scotland 15984:Jomsborg 15957:Shetland 15904:Longship 15842:Valkyrie 15837:Valhalla 15767:Norsemen 15757:Leysingi 15752:Holmgang 15700:Danegeld 15620:Scottish 15519:Jèrriais 15435:Germanic 15349:Guernsey 15337:Scotland 15259:Scotland 15206:Shetland 15169:Hebrides 15057:Scotland 15022:Politics 15011:Hibernia 14913:Macruari 14883:Uí Ímair 14820:Epiphany 14805:Clontarf 14779:Hebrides 14725:Language 14710:Tingwall 14685:Dingwall 14672:Althings 14662:Udal law 14623:Hogbacks 14558:Maeshowe 14543:Jarlshof 14487:Scotland 14472:Shetland 14457:Lochlann 14391:Ljótólfr 14274:Uí Ímair 14107:Hebrides 14063:Shetland 13892:Wildlife 13828:Politics 13699:Vagaland 13674:Aly Bain 13667:Shetland 13590:Agencies 13571:Rothesay 13561:Kirkwall 13522:St Kilda 13495:Specific 13479:Hebrides 13415:(Martin) 13354:Udal law 13193:Jarlshof 13144:Maeshowe 13052:St Kilda 13020:Hebrides 12991:Shetland 12898:Shetland 12760:Ayrshire 12734:Scotland 12661:Stirling 12591:Highland 12508:Councils 12488:Stirling 12473:Shetland 12418:Highland 12327:Scotland 12270:Windwick 12241:Tingwall 12231:Stenness 12206:Rackwick 12168:Longhope 12125:Finstown 12110:Cairston 12075:Braehead 12022:Kirkwall 11902:Politics 11854:Stenness 11849:Sandwick 11804:Deerness 11777:Kirkwall 11694:Stronsay 11634:Graemsay 11604:Auskerry 11598:Mainland 11519:Archived 11074:Archived 11044:Archived 11013:Archived 10959:Archived 10878:Archived 10852:Archived 10826:Archived 10799:Archived 10773:Archived 10769:BBC News 10740:Archived 10711:Archived 10691:10 April 10685:Archived 10665:10 April 10639:10 April 10633:Archived 10585:Archived 10553:23 April 10547:Archived 10518:Archived 10479:12753214 10418:Archived 10378:Archived 10357:Archived 10338:Archived 10319:Archived 10301:Archived 10281:Archived 10262:Archived 10243:Archived 10219:Archived 10198:Archived 10172:Archived 10135:Archived 10069:Archived 10013:Archived 9997:(1995). 9870:Archived 9851:Archived 9832:Archived 9813:Archived 9740:Archived 9721:Archived 9702:Archived 9683:Archived 9656:Archived 9630:Archived 9574:Archived 9570:BBC News 9544:Archived 9518:Archived 9492:Archived 9460:Archived 9434:Archived 9402:Archived 9376:Archived 9372:BBC News 9346:Archived 9316:Archived 9281:Archived 9257:Archived 9218:Archived 9192:Archived 9166:Archived 9129:Archived 9103:Archived 9099:BBC News 9074:Archived 9025:Archived 8973:Archived 8947:Archived 8943:BBC News 8923:29 March 8897:29 March 8845:Archived 8823:Archived 8775:BBC News 8692:Archived 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6144:Agricola 6112:Archived 6069:Archived 5901:Q-Celtic 5884:P-Celtic 5840:guilders 5633:Shetland 5587:Udal Law 5501:See also 5195:bagpipes 5185:such as 5159:Orcadian 5082:King Lot 5033:toponymy 4895:Deerness 4855:Finstown 4851:Maeshowe 4847:Stenness 4808:MV 4800:Tingwall 4772:Longhope 4764:Graemsay 4752:Stronsay 4658:MV 4615:Stronsay 4592:Aberdeen 4588:Loganair 4563:Shetland 4375:and the 4323:lobsters 4290:and the 4288:Anglesey 4280:Shetland 4154:Politics 4112:Copinsay 4061:Graemsay 4057:seastack 4029:Graemsay 3954:and its 3948:Auskerry 3940:Stronsay 3903:moorland 3808:and the 3795:farmland 3783:Kirkwall 3720:Stenness 3708:Sandwick 3594:1,197.7 3500:(40.32) 3128:(41.28) 3059:Average 2469:latitude 2457:moraines 2445:erratics 2426:of Late 2413:basaltic 2377:Eifelian 2362:Graemsay 2346:Devonian 2281:Stronsay 2121:Longhope 2079:Finstown 2055:Kirkwall 2017:Highland 1923:Longhope 1851:Finstown 1815:Kirkwall 1714:Source: 1459:barriers 1422:base at 1388:Culloden 1369:soda ash 1293:Margaret 1273:Margaret 1231:Sinclair 1146:Shetland 1011:Shetland 961:genocide 904:Claudius 873:Iron Age 845:Iron Age 806:Maeshowe 782:hazelnut 584:Insi Orc 543:Agricola 513:Massalia 444:Norsemen 390:Kirkwall 384:and the 378:Mainland 370:Shetland 362:Scotland 356:, is an 303:Kirkwall 260:Scotland 116:Location 17368:Related 16938:Naddodd 16863:Hastein 16838:Hagrold 16808:Guthrum 16803:Guthred 16688:Bagsecg 16585:Skeggöx 16575:Halberd 16103:Battles 16079:Estonia 16015:Danelaw 15977:Vinland 15942:Iceland 15867:Wergeld 15832:Tyrfing 15817:Seeress 15762:Mjölnir 15720:Futhark 15683:Culture 15676:Vikings 15585:English 15580:Cornish 15575:British 15496:Romance 15466:Cornish 15443:English 15420:Society 15327:England 15317:Ireland 15301:Ireland 15285:outline 15280:History 15254:England 15234:Ireland 15186:Ireland 15047:England 15038:Ireland 15001:Britain 14996:Prydain 14908:MacLeod 14840:Skyhill 14835:Renfrew 14748:Pictish 14715:Tynwald 14700:Nesting 14680:Delting 14599:Birlinn 14508:Bornish 14435:History 14053:Geology 14001:Sheltie 13996:Scottie 13657:Culture 13566:Lerwick 13544:Economy 13462:General 13407:(Monro) 13270:Columba 13251:History 12690:density 12576:Falkirk 12403:Falkirk 12216:Rendall 12211:Rapness 12202:Quoyloo 12199:Quindry 12135:Herston 12089:Brinian 12061:Balfour 11883:History 11873:Geology 11834:Rendall 11699:Westray 11629:Gairsay 11619:Egilsay 11334:: 11080:13 July 11050:13 July 10487:2819914 10459:Bibcode 9352:4 April 9322:4 April 9287:4 April 9277:BIG HIT 9273:"About" 8480:6 April 7691:22 July 6205:(1959) 6140:Tacitus 5745:and of 5688:Orcades 5320:seaweed 5270:endemic 5234:puffins 5106:Gaheris 5094:Gawaine 5088:(e.g., 4931:Marwick 4903:Egilsay 4804:Rendall 4792:Egilsay 4732:Westray 4699:Lerwick 4693:Burwick 4665:Westray 4627:Westray 4600:Glasgow 4460:Pelamis 4407:Tourism 4358:seafood 4319:herring 4309:Economy 4267:In the 4259:In the 4248:as the 4188:In the 3924:Gairsay 3920:Egilsay 3891:Westray 3818:Pictish 3745:Islands 3732:Westray 3659:20 CCAs 3640:unitary 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