Oral and maxillofacial surgery

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maxillofacial surgery includes the treatment of complex dental surgery, including wisdom tooth removal, dental implant, craniomaxillofacial trauma, Orofacial pain (trigeminal neuralgia) and jaw joint pain (Temporomandibular disorder(TMD) or TMJ Pain) management, jaw joint(TMJ) replacement for TMJ ankylosis and deformed jaw joint cases, Lefort-3 distraction for Craniosynostosis case, jaw tumor and cyst removal surgery, head and neck cancer, facial aesthetic like rhinoplasty, eye and ear plastic surgery, Facial cosmetic surgery, microvascular surgery, and cleft and craniomaxillofacial surgery. In India, a Maxillofacial surgeon is considered one of the required members of the emergency team. Almost 20-25% of trauma patients usually have sustained facial trauma, and that needs urgent opinion and primary management that can be better managed by Maxillofacial experts.

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Surgeons, the first two years of coursework at the new college were fully unified with Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons, of which Hasbrouck was an 1894 graduate. Students devoted their entire second two years to specialization in surgery at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, which provided extraordinary preparation for the possibility of post-graduate residency training in oral surgery. Hasbrouck was notable in the specialty for having received both a dental and medical degree prior to 1895. His father, oral surgeon, Ferdinand Hasbrouck, discussed above, was a pioneer in

1266:, MBBS, MBChB) or research degree (e.g., MS, MSc, MPhil, MDS, MSD, MDSc, DClinDent, DSc, DMSc, PhD). Both four– and six–year graduates are designated US "Board Eligible" and those who earn "Board Certification" are Diplomats. Approximately 50% of the training programs in the US and 66% of Canadian training programs are "dual-degree." The typical total length of education and training, post-secondary school is 12 to 14 years. Beyond these years, some sub-specialize, adding an additional 1-2 year fellowship. 45: 668:, proposed naming the state produced "anesthesia", and the procedure an "anesthetic." Holmes wrote to Morton, "Everybody wants to have a hand in a great discovery. All I will do is to give a hint or two as to names—or the name—to be applied to the state produced and the agent. The state should, I think, be called 'Anaesthesia.' This signifies insensibility—more particularly ... to objects of touch." Holmes added poetically that the new term "will be repeated by the 907:, D.D.S., D.M.D., D.D.S./M.D., D.M.D./M.D., D.M.D./Ph.D. or D.D.S./Ph.D. Still, it is the completion of an oral and maxillofacial residency training program and corresponding certificate of specialty training that confers surgical specialty status and board eligibility, not the surgeon's professional degree or degree combination. Analogously, it is a certificate of specialty training and board eligibility that satisfies state licensure requirements to administer 4243: 4273: 649:. Massachusetts General Hospital views the demonstration as among the institution's most significant claims to fame. Upon the successful completion of Dr. Morton's demonstration, Dr. Warren famously proclaimed to the crowded, astonished and elated amphitheater, what would become likely the most famous words in modern medicine, "Gentlemen, this is no humbug." Indeed, the event marked the beginning of modern anesthesia and surgical practice. 4283: 4263: 4253: 333:

In the EU, OMFS is defined within Directive 2005/36 on professional qualifications (updated 2021). The two OMFS specialties are 'dual degree' dental, oral, and maxillofacial surgery (DOMFS) and 'single medical degree' maxillofacial surgery (MFS). In some cases a dental degree may be required to enter

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Plastic Surgery. Over time, the exclusive organization began to elect a small number of non-oral surgeon members, the first of which was legendary general surgeon Dr. Vilray Blair of Washington University in St. Louis. The organization became the American Association of Plastic Surgeons in 1921. At

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In other countries, oral and maxillofacial surgery as a specialty exists but under different forms, as the work is sometimes performed by a single or dual qualified specialist depending on each country's regulations and training opportunities available. In several countries, oral and maxillofacial

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In mainland Europe, its status, including whether or not oral surgery, maxillofacial surgery and stomatology are considered separate specialties, varies by country. The required qualifications (medical degree, dental degree, or both, as well as the required internship and residency programs) also

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The popularity of oral and maxillofacial surgery as a career for persons whose first degree was medicine, not dentistry, seems to be increasing. At least one program (University of Alabama at Birmingham) exists that allows highly qualified candidates whose first degree is in medicine, to earn the

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in 1905. Dr. Kazanjian was Professor of Clinical Oral Surgery at Harvard from 1922 to 1941 when he was named Harvard's first Professor of Plastic Surgery. Dr. Kazanjian was instrumental in plastic surgery's formal recognition as an independent surgical specialty in 1941. Dr. Kazanjian joined the

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and plastic surgery's recognition in 1941 as a surgical specialty in the United States. In the early 1900s, plastic surgery was founded by a professional organization of oral surgeons with elite training and an interest in plastic and reconstructive surgery, the American Association of Oral and

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and extracted teeth from the corpus of the tumor. As Cleveland recovered from nitrous oxide, Dr. Hasbrouck began the administration of ether for the remainder of the procedure as he and the team performed the tumor surgery. The procedure was a milestone for the practice of anesthesia. Ferdinand

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oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. James F. Hasbrouck, interested in the development of the surgical specialty in New York, was among the founders of the Columbia University College of Dental and Oral Surgery in 1916. In keeping with the ideals of the American Association of Oral and Plastic

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In Australia and New Zealand, oral and maxillofacial surgery is recognised as both a specialty of medicine and dentistry. Degrees in both medicine and dentistry are compulsory prior to being accepted for surgical training. The scope of practice is broad and there is the ability to undertake

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D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery) and D.M.D. (Doctor of Medicine in Dentistry or Doctor of Dental Medicine) are the same degrees. D.M.D. and D.D.S. represent the same education. The letters used are a function of university discretion, both degrees represent an identical curriculum, set of

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery, also known as OMFS, is a branch recognized by DCI (Dental Council of India) in countries such as India. In India, becoming a maxillofacial surgeon requires a five-year dental degree followed by three years of post-graduate specialisation. In India, oral and

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to Harvard medical students at the same venue. In one of the most important and well documented events in American medical history, Morton was invited to Massachusetts General Hospital to demonstrate his technique for painless surgery. After Morton had induced anesthesia, Dr.

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In the U.S., oral and maxillofacial surgeons, whether possessing a single or dual degree, may further specialize after residency, undergoing additional one or two year sub-specialty oral and maxillofacial surgery fellowship training in the following areas:

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First Harvard Unit, serving with the British Forces in WWI, establishing the first dental and maxillofacial clinic in France, handling more than 3,000 cases of severe wounds to the face and jaws. He was honored for his surgical advances by British monarch

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In Pakistan, OMFS is recognized as specialty of dentistry which requires FCPS from CPSP after 4 years BDS degree and a one-year housejob. The candidate has to pass FCPS-1 in order to commence his/her training followed by PGMI Exam(not in all cases).

2586: 1319:) was founded in May, 2013 to define an international standard for specialists in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons may appear for international board certification examination after completion of surgical training. 2115: 2612: 2344: 804:, plastic surgery's premier peer-reviewed academic journal and the American Association of Oral and Plastic Surgeons and served as its president. In 1919, New York City oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. Armin Wald, an 1896 graduate of 349:

In Asia, oral and maxillofacial surgery is also recognized as a dental specialty and requires a degree in dentistry prior to surgical residency training. The Canadian model is the same as the model used in the United States of America.

2421: 2903:"204E00000X Taxonomy Code | Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (D.M.D.) | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians | Healthcare Provider Taxonomy Code Set | Medical Coding Library | www.HIPAASpace.com © 2023" 2318: 2514: 419:, formally designated as a dental specialty. A professional dental degree is required, a qualification in medicine may be undertaken optionally during residency training. In this respect, oral and maxillofacial surgery is 562:(AAOMS) is the chief professional organization representing the roughly 9,000 oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the United States. The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons publishes the peer-reviewed 1734: 1328:

In addition, single and dual qualified graduates of oral and maxillofacial surgery training programs can pursue post-residency sub-specialty fellowships, typically 1–2 years in length, in the following areas:

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Since 2019, Norway switched from dual degree requirement for Maxillofacial Surgery to medical degree only. Similarly, Sweden has started several Maxillofacial Surgery training programs for medical graduates.

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery is an internationally recognized surgical specialty. Oral and maxillofacial surgery is formally designated as either a medical, dental or dual (medical and dental) specialty.

1824: 1772: 327:. Intercollegiate Board Certification is provided through the JCIE, and is the same as Plastic Surgery, ENT, General Surgery, Orthopaedics, Paediatric Surgery, Neurosurgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2370: 270:/pediatric maxillofacial surgery, including cleft lip and palate surgery and trans-cranial craniofacial surgery including Fronto-Orbital Advancement and Remodelling (FOAR) and total vault remodelling 574:

In the U.S., oral and maxillofacial surgeons are required to undergo five months of intensive general anesthesia training. An additional month of pediatric anesthesia training is also required. The

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required dental degree, so as to qualify for entrance into oral and maxillofacial residency training programs and ultimately achieve board eligibility and certification in the surgical specialty.

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Cranio-maxillofacial trauma, including zygomatic (cheek bone), orbital (eye socket), mandibular and nasal fractures as well as facial soft tissue lacerations and penetrating neck injuries

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J. Gigliotti, N. Makhoul: Demographics, training satisfaction, and career plans of Canadian oral and maxillofacial surgery residents. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2015; 44: 1574–1580.

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The FRCS (Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons) is the specialist exam at the end of surgical training, and is required to work as a Consultant Surgeon in Maxillofacial Surgery.

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which specifies qualified anesthesia personnel and practitioners as anesthesiologists, anesthesiology fellows, anesthesiology residents, and oral and maxillofacial surgery residents.

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emerged in the early 1990s in the United States. Typically, Six-year residency programs grant the specialty certificate and an additional degree such as a medical degree (e.g.,

2910: 828: 427:. Oral and maxillofacial surgery requires an extensive 4-6 year surgical residency training covering the U.S. specialty's scope of practice: surgery of the oral cavity, 2880: 1305:

Some colleges offer membership or fellowships in oral/maxillofacial surgery: MOralSurg RCS, M(OMS) RCPS, FFD RCSI, FEBOS, FACOMS, FFD RCS, FAMS, FCDSHK, FCMFOS (SA)

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Board certification in the U.S. is governed by the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (ABOMS). Oral and maxillofacial surgery is among the fourteen

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery's stature and clout in university hospitals can be traced to its plenary role in the development of modern medicine and surgery.

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In the United States, a close educational and professional relationship between oral and maxillofacial surgery and anesthesiology persists to the present day.

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for the procedure. For political reasons, Cleveland did not want the public to know about his condition. The operation was performed in secret on the yacht

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Following residency training, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, whether single or dual degree, have the option of undergoing 1-2 year surgical sub-specialty

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After completion of surgical training most undertake final specialty examinations: US: "Board Certified (ABOMS)", Australia/NZ: FRACDS, or Canada: "FRCDC"

2684: 2982: 2052: 237:, head and neck as well as associated structures. Depending upon the national jurisdiction, oral and maxillofacial surgery may require a degree in 3018: 2002: 796:

is named after him. Ivy is considered a pioneer and father of the modern practice of plastic surgery. Ivy was influenced by Dr. Vilray Blair of

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surgery is a specialty recognized by a professional association, as is the case with the Dental Council of India, American Dental Association,

55: 17: 2609:"Officers and Graduates of Columbia University, Originally the College of the Province of New York Known as King's College: General Catalogue" 1240: 633:, a founding member of Massachusetts General Hospital, the hospital's first surgeon, and the first Dean of Harvard Medical School, removed a 337:

In Poland, Maxillofacial Surgery has always been dominated by dentists and still the majority of current OMFS trainees are dental graduates.

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Randall, Peter; McCarthy, Joseph G.; Wray, Christie R. (May 1996). "History of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, 1921-1996".

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was among the first practitioners to succeed in the regular and commercial use of anesthesia in private surgical practice. In 1893, U.S.

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was diagnosed with an intraoral tumor. The President chose Dr. Hasbrouck to serve among his team of surgeons and simultaneously as

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programs grant a certificate of specialty training in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Six year programs granting an optional

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In the US, Australia and South Africa, Oral and maxillofacial surgery is one of the ten dental specialties recognized by the

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Both single and dual qualified oral and maxillofacial surgeons may obtain fellowship with the American College of Surgeons (

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In the UK, Oral and maxillofacial surgery is one of the ten medical specialties, requiring MRCS and FRCS examinations.

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A number of notable philanthropic organizations provide humanitarian oral and maxillofacial surgery around the globe.

2508: 2109: 766: 757: 89: 808:, was among the first in the United States to successfully demonstrate and publish a procedure for alveolectomy and 3196: 2983:"Recent Trends in the Market for Oral Surgeons, Endodontists, Orthodontists, Periodontists, and Pediatric Dentists" 1884: 1410: 1208:

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is intellectually and physically demanding and is among the most highly compensated

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specialty training but in all cases the medical degree must be obtained before starting OMFS specialty training.

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with a degree in medicine and an additional degree in dentistry being compulsory. The scope of practice is mainly

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Unique among surgical specialists in the U.S., oral and maxillofacial surgeons are trained to administer

503:. As is the norm among surgical specialists, oral and maxillofacial surgery residents typically serve as 2769:

Chambers, James Alan; Ray, Peter Damian (November 2009). "Achieving Growth and Excellence in Medicine".

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Immediately following the demonstration, in a congratulatory letter to Dr. William Thomas Green Morton,

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was the first to use anesthesia, but with limited success. On 16 October 1846, Boston oral surgeon, Dr.

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soft and hard tissue trauma of the oral and maxillofacial region (jaw fractures, cheek bone fractures,

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In 1945, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. Niels Jorgensen was first to develop intravenous moderate

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Maxillofacial regeneration, which is re-formation of the facial region by advanced stem cell technique

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and pediatric maxillofacial surgery (cleft lip and palate repair, surgery for craniosynostosis, etc.)

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Ether Day: The Strange Tale of America's Greatest Medical Discovery and The Haunted Men Who Made It

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The Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, 1916–2016: A Dental School on University Lines

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subspecialty fellowships in areas such as head and neck surgery and microvascular reconstruction.

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The International Board for the Certification of Specialists in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (

30:"Facial reconstruction" redirects here. For the process of visualizing a face from a skull, see 3535: 3483: 2719: 1136: 1081: 609: 444: 164: 2024: 1922: 4186: 4072: 4045: 4018: 3970: 3924: 3619: 3368: 3282: 3227: 1033: 692: 638: 511: 312:, skin cancer, facial deformity, cleft lip and palate, craniofacial surgery, TMJ surgery and 4206: 4166: 4033: 3847: 3842: 3822: 3757: 3609: 3262: 1648: 1475: 1435: 1415: 1405: 1348: 1333: 1284: 1255: 1140: 1120: 1077: 1029: 1011: 995: 959: 927:

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is assigned Health Care Provider Taxonomy Code: 204E00000X

543: 527: 515: 504: 480: 472: 424: 305: 297: 293: 273: 267: 207: 152: 3328: 1530: 8: 4286: 4228: 4211: 3870: 3587: 3358: 3303: 3277: 2813:"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Permits - Licensed Dentists - Dental Board of California" 1499: 840: 702: 596:

In the specialty's infancy, dental and oral surgeons were plenary in the introduction of

2209: 1990: 4176: 4133: 4123: 3912: 3865: 3832: 3827: 3577: 3555: 3429: 3373: 3363: 3333: 3318: 2794: 2651: 2155: 2138: 1485: 1296: 1288: 1263: 1259: 1096: 975: 908: 885: 749: 745: 586: 496: 3298: 2553: 2069: 769:. Kazanjian served as an early president of American Association of Plastic Surgeons. 4272: 4246: 4128: 4098: 4077: 4040: 4023: 3938: 3902: 3892: 3787: 3707: 3651: 3614: 3599: 3540: 3507: 3476: 3353: 3252: 3222: 3217: 2786: 2739: 2504: 2275: 2271: 2232: 2228: 2178: 2160: 2105: 1994: 1955: 1948: 1926: 1915: 1489: 1316: 1129: 979: 3057: 2843:"Elective Cosmetic Surgery Permits - Licensed Dentists - Dental Board of California" 2798: 2735: 2655: 701:

Hasbrouck's son, James F. Hasbrouck, discussed below, was among the founders of the

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Ziskin, Daniel E.; Wald, Arthur (1938). "Observations on Electrical Pulp Testing".

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training – Some programs integrate an additional degree such as: a

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Gupta, Niodita; Vujicic, Marko; Munson, Bradley; Nasseh, Kamyar (February 2017).

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Atlas and diagrams of the surgical procedure and photographs of the tumor, p.26.

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in the Long Island Sound, NY. Dr. Hasbrouck, induced President Cleveland with

641:. The demonstration was performed in the surgical amphitheater now called the 4301: 4191: 3980: 3975: 3837: 3777: 3680: 3419: 3242: 3161: 2367:"Index of the Periodical Dental Literature Published in the English Language" 1509: 1494: 1455: 1440: 1425: 1354: 1251: 1250:

Residency training programs are either four or six years in duration. In the

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Dr. Ferdinand Hasbrouck, a New York oral surgeon and an 1870 graduate of the

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Oral and maxillofacial surgery stands as a pillar of the modern practice of

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Oncology head and neck surgery with free flap microvascular reconstruction

4055: 4000: 3897: 3752: 3727: 3545: 3424: 3272: 3237: 2685:"GRAFTING: Fibrin Foam and Thrombin as Used in the Surgical the Mandible" 1630: 1480: 1420: 1367: 1173: 1159: 1092: 1037: 1023: 991: 983: 971: 967: 721: 476: 456: 234: 222: 179: 128: 3019:"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program - School of Dentistry" 4143: 4028: 3995: 3767: 3717: 3702: 3697: 3690: 3675: 3665: 3404: 3247: 3166: 1445: 1269:

The typical training program for an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is:

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in the resection of large and rare mandibular tumors. He served in the

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https://issuu.com/auamarketing/docs/brochuredesign1?e=2876235/79816035

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In the United States and globally, treatments may be performed on the

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In countries such as the UK and most of Europe, it is recognised as a

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in the United States with a 2008 average annual income of $ 568,968.

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founder of the modern practice of plastic surgery. He graduated from

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pioneered plastic surgery and is considered to be a founder, if not,

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In the United States, oral and maxillofacial surgery is a recognized

242: 2537: 2210:"History of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, 1921-1996" 3722: 3499: 3212: 2139:"Dentists and anesthesia: historical and contemporary perspectives" 1181: 951: 912: 857: 762: 709: 653: 601: 590: 500: 238: 2542:

International Journal of Orthodontia, Oral Surgery and Radiography

2444:"Annual Register of the Officers and Students of Columbia College" 1574: 852:

in oral, plastic and reconstructive surgery with the early use of

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Cutanous malignancy/skin cancer surgery of head and neck surgery

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Randall, Peter; McCarthy, Joseph G.; Wray, R. Christie (1996).

1705:"American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | ABOMS" 1112: 1056: 915:, not the surgeon's professional degree or degree combination. 853: 820:. Wald was influenced by his father, Henry Wald, M.D., an 1872 1357:(soft tissue and skeletal injuries to the face, head and neck) 919:

educational requirements and level of educational attainment.

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2–4 years undergraduate study (BS, BA, or equivalent degrees)

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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

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International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act taxonomy

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are licensed to do so in both hospital and office settings.

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focuses on correcting cleft lips and palates in children.

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American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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intravenously, was widely accepted and first taught at

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American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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In the UK, Maxillofacial surgery is a specialty of the

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British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

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British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

1975:"Ferdinand Hasbrouck's Nitrous Oxide Caper—Which One?" 1849:"Statement from American Society of Anesthesiologists" 772:

Another founder and god-father of plastic surgery was

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University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine

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University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine

2257: 2207: 939:: mouth, jaws, face, neck, and skull, and include: 398:and Brazilian Federal Council of Odontology (CFO). 3146: 1947: 1914: 3107:American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2471:Supreme Court Appellate Division First Department 4299: 2718:Weiner, Leonard; Wald, Arthur H. (1 June 1946). 1635:American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 206:An oral and maxillofacial surgeon is a regional 1187:Surgery to insert osseointegrated (bone fused) 2724:The Journal of the American Dental Association 1765:"Information about Waivers for ACS Fellowship" 1649:"Information about Waivers for ACS Fellowship" 1631:"Become a Board Certified Doctor | ABOMS" 792:. The inter-maxillary fixation technique, the 784:graduate, developed the surgical treatment of 198:including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery. 3484: 3132: 2369:. American Dental Association. 7 March 1922. 1241:Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons 802:Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 705:College of Dental and Oral Surgeons in 1916. 553: 52:The examples and perspective in this article 1036:as well as management of facial trauma, and 371: 287: 2768: 1291:(MS, MDS, MSc, MClinDent, MScDent, MDent), 410: 3773:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility 3491: 3477: 3139: 3125: 2717: 2682: 2633: 2497:Spikes, Judith Doolin (24 November 2003). 1324:Surgical sub-specialty fellowship training 1147:, surgical correction of facial asymmetry. 4114:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery 3446:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 3112:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2535: 2154: 2097: 1913:Fenster, J. M. (2001). "Power Struggle". 1219: 1191:and maxillofacial implants for attaching 868:and owned a cosmetic practice in midtown 564:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 90:Learn how and when to remove this message 1878: 1876: 1374:focusing on childhood facial deformity. 1135:Orthognathic (literally "straight jaw") 1115:and cranial vault malformations such as 822:University of Vienna Faculty of Medicine 806:New York University College of Dentistry 798:Washington University School of Medicine 726:Loma Linda University School of Medicine 2683:Weiner, L.; Wald, A. H. (2 July 1947). 2536:Hasbrouck, James F. (1 November 1922). 2098:Formicola, Allan J. (11 October 2016). 2093: 2091: 1912: 1825:"Statement on the Anesthesia Care Team" 734: 656:and later Harvard Medical School Dean, 394:, Royal College of Dentists of Canada, 14: 4300: 3064:from the original on 22 September 2017 2496: 2136: 1002:, injectable cosmetic treatments like 930: 748:, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Dr. 624:gave a successful demonstration using 537: 396:Royal Australasian College of Surgeons 392:Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 325:Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 3472: 3120: 2405:Columbia University School of Nursing 1972: 1945: 1882: 1873: 1679:AAOMS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 824:graduate and preceptor in surgery at 580:Statement on the Anesthesia Care Team 576:American Society of Anesthesiologists 495:and, uniquely, the administration of 4252: 4013:Physical medicine and rehabilitation 3192:Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture 2999:from the original on 27 January 2024 2418:"New York State Journal of Medicine" 2088: 1735:"What are the surgical specialties?" 1172:surgery (surgery to remove impacted 899:While a professional dental degree, 880:and his French mentor, the renowned 765:, who invested him Companion to the 388:Royal College of Surgeons of England 321:Royal College of Surgeons of England 163:is a surgical specialty focusing on 38: 4262: 2932:Health Care Provider Taxonomy, p.41 1991:10.1097/01.anes.0000480997.76049.d1 1451:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction 1237:Royal College of Dentists of Canada 1032:, surgical treatment/correction of 24: 4149:Medical Scientist Training Program 2823:from the original on 20 April 2020 2689:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2260:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2217:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 1861:from the original on 6 August 2020 1655:from the original on 6 August 2020 894: 666:Supreme Court of the United States 344: 25: 4329: 3080: 2913:from the original on 7 March 2023 2883:from the original on 7 March 2023 2853:from the original on 12 July 2024 2750:from the original on 12 July 2024 2699:from the original on 11 June 2020 2615:from the original on 12 July 2024 2589:from the original on 12 July 2024 2560:from the original on 10 June 2020 2517:from the original on 12 July 2024 2478:from the original on 12 July 2024 2450:from the original on 12 July 2024 2424:from the original on 12 July 2024 2373:from the original on 12 July 2024 2347:from the original on 12 July 2024 2246:from the original on 12 July 2024 2118:from the original on 12 July 2024 2076:from the original on 7 March 2023 2031:from the original on 13 June 2020 2005:from the original on 13 June 2020 1891:from the original on 12 July 2024 1805:from the original on 12 July 2024 1775:from the original on 7 March 2023 1745:from the original on 7 March 2023 1611:from the original on 12 July 2024 1581:from the original on 12 July 2024 1537:from the original on 12 July 2024 767:Order of St Michael and St George 758:Harvard School of Dental Medicine 672:of every civilized of mankind." 248: 4281: 4271: 4261: 4251: 4242: 4241: 3197:Oral and maxillofacial pathology 2962:from the original on 14 May 2021 2321:from the original on 5 June 2020 2315:collections.countway.harvard.edu 2272:10.1097/00006534-199605000-00027 2229:10.1097/00006534-199605000-00027 2189:from the original on 4 June 2020 1715:from the original on 13 May 2020 1685:from the original on 13 May 2020 1411:Oral and maxillofacial pathology 1295:(PhD, DMSc, DClinDent, DSc), or 43: 4282: 3050: 3041: 3029:from the original on 1 May 2024 3011: 2992:. The Health Policy Institute. 2974: 2944: 2925: 2895: 2865: 2835: 2805: 2762: 2736:10.14219/jada.archive.1946.0270 2711: 2676: 2662: 2627: 2601: 2529: 2490: 2462: 2436: 2410: 2385: 2359: 2333: 2303: 2201: 2171: 2130: 2062: 2043: 2017: 1966: 1946:Small, Miriam Rossiter (1963). 1939: 1841: 1817: 1787: 1757: 712:. His technique, administering 127:, hard and soft tissues of the 4308:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 4139:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 3573:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 3148:Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2399:and among the founders of the 1727: 1697: 1667: 1641: 1623: 1593: 1567: 1549: 1523: 882:oral and maxillofacial surgeon 614:Massachusetts General Hospital 604:and the development of modern 161:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 144:Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon 103:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 32:Forensic facial reconstruction 18:Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 13: 1: 3258:Maxillomandibular advancement 2707:– via journals.lww.com. 2554:10.1016/S0099-6963(22)80116-2 2104:. Columbia University Press. 1883:Dentistry, Florida Board of. 1516: 1345:(facelift, rhinoplasty, etc.) 1203: 1184:, or other dental prostheses) 1145:maxillomandibular advancement 1126:chronic facial pain disorders 862:United States Army Air Forces 569: 401: 4119:Bachelor of Medical Sciences 3886:Neurosurgical anesthesiology 3498: 3097:American College of Surgeons 2783:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181bc327a 2648:10.1177/00220345380170020501 2070:"President Grover Cleveland" 1361: 1338:microvascular reconstruction 835:, became a law professor at 548:American College of Surgeons 520:microvascular reconstruction 302:microvascular reconstruction 278:microvascular reconstruction 201: 7: 3410:Little Baby Face Foundation 3058:"Fellows (U.S. And Canada)" 2990:American Dental Association 1973:Bause, G. S. (April 2016). 1441:Cranio-maxillofacial trauma 1393: 1355:Cranio-maxillofacial trauma 1299:(MBBS, MD, DO, MBChB, MDCM) 1247:, DDS, BDent, DMD or BDS). 1233:American Dental Association 1053:Diagnosis and treatment of: 1050:skin grafts and local flaps 937:craniomaxillofacial complex 622:William Thomas Green Morton 532:cranio-maxillofacial trauma 380: 353: 310:cranio-maxillofacial trauma 215:craniomaxillofacial complex 66:, discuss the issue on the 10: 4334: 3182:Cleft lip and cleft palate 2636:Journal of Dental Research 1921:. HarperCollins. pp. 1601:"Registration Of Training" 1197:bone anchored hearing aids 774:University of Pennsylvania 681:President Grover Cleveland 637:from the neck of patient, 554:Professional organizations 487:free flap reconstruction, 29: 4237: 4159: 4097: 3858: 3786: 3741: 3650: 3521: 3506: 3454: 3438: 3382: 3291: 3205: 3187:Le Fort fracture of skull 3154: 2771:Annals of Plastic Surgery 2758:– via jada.ada.org. 2381:– via Google Books. 1531:"Affiliated Associations" 662:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 658:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. 372:Australia and New Zealand 288:United Kingdom and Europe 148: 140: 107: 4073:Transplantation medicine 3964:Clinical neurophysiology 3881:Obstetric anesthesiology 3801:Interventional radiology 3561:Digestive system surgery 3233:Distraction osteogenesis 2183:www.abplasticsurgery.org 514:for further training in 435:surgery, surgery of the 411:United States of America 362: 3944:Intensive care medicine 3918:Mass gathering medicine 3763:Maternal–fetal medicine 3460:Palatal lift prosthesis 3309:Bernhard von Langenbeck 2397:Henry Street Settlement 1370:was created in 1998 by 1343:Cosmetic facial surgery 1193:craniofacial prostheses 946:of the head and neck: ( 524:cosmetic facial surgery 437:temporomandibular joint 314:cosmetic facial surgery 259:Cosmetic facial surgery 3536:Cardiothoracic surgery 2583:"Columbia Alumni News" 2179:"ABPlasticsurgery.org" 2137:Peskin, R. M. (1993). 2025:"BoatUS Expert Advice" 1278:DMD, BDent, DDS or BDS 1276:4 years dental study ( 1220:Education and training 1137:reconstructive surgery 1107:malformations such as 1091:cutaneous malignancy ( 1082:reconstructive surgery 1076:pathology (oral & 610:Harvard Medical School 445:reconstructive surgery 213:who treats the entire 165:reconstructive surgery 4187:Personalized medicine 4046:Reproductive medicine 3971:Occupational medicine 3925:Evolutionary medicine 3369:William Harrison Bell 3283:Torus removal surgery 3228:Dentofacial Osteotomy 2937:6 August 2020 at the 2055:6 August 2020 at the 1954:. Twayne Publishers. 1950:Oliver Wendell Holmes 1132:joint (TMJ) disorders 1080:) with (ablative and 1034:dentofacial deformity 728:, beginning in 1945. 639:Edward Gilbert Abbott 507:in their final year. 294:specialty of medicine 4313:Surgical specialties 4207:Traditional medicine 4167:Alternative medicine 4034:Addiction psychiatry 3848:Transfusion medicine 3843:Medical microbiology 3758:Gynecologic oncology 3610:Reproductive surgery 3292:Notable contributors 3263:Orthognathic surgery 2341:"The Dental Summary" 1476:Asian blepharoplasty 1436:Craniofacial surgery 1416:Head and neck cancer 1406:Orthognathic surgery 1349:Craniofacial surgery 1334:Head and neck cancer 1210:surgical specialties 1141:orthognathic surgery 1121:craniofacial surgery 1078:head and neck cancer 1030:Orthognathic surgery 1012:platelet rich plasma 996:hair transplantation 960:Asian blepharoplasty 735:Craniofacial surgery 660:, father of Justice 544:surgical specialties 528:craniofacial surgery 516:head and neck cancer 481:head and neck cancer 473:craniofacial surgery 425:surgical specialties 306:craniofacial surgery 298:head and neck cancer 274:Head and neck cancer 268:Craniofacial surgery 194:, as well as facial 153:Glossary of medicine 72:create a new article 64:improve this article 4318:Medical specialties 4229:History of medicine 4212:Veterinary medicine 4019:Preventive medicine 3871:Adolescent medicine 3713:Infectious diseases 3359:Thomas Lewis Gilmer 3304:Bernard Devauchelle 3278:Socket Preservation 2256:Also published as: 2143:Anesthesia Progress 1500:Otorhinolaryngology 931:Surgical procedures 841:New York University 816:reconstruction and 703:Columbia University 631:John Collins Warren 538:Board certification 104: 4177:Molecular oncology 4134:Doctor of Medicine 4124:Master of Medicine 4041:Radiation oncology 3913:Emergency medicine 3866:Addiction medicine 3833:Clinical chemistry 3828:Clinical pathology 3620:Transplant surgery 3578:Orthopedic surgery 3556:Colorectal surgery 3430:Transforming Faces 3374:Wolfgang Rosenthal 3364:Varaztad Kazanjian 3334:Michael Silbermann 3319:Kurt Hermann Thoma 2907:www.hipaaspace.com 2670:"Dental Columbian" 1486:Cheek augmentation 1336: – 1097:lip reconstruction 976:cheek augmentation 909:general anesthesia 886:Hippolyte Morestin 839:. Wald's partner, 829:School of Medicine 800:. Ivy founded the 776:oral surgeon, Dr. 750:Varaztad Kazanjian 746:Harvard University 587:general anesthesia 546:recognized by the 497:general anesthesia 417:surgical specialty 102: 27:Surgical treatment 4295: 4294: 4129:Master of Surgery 4093: 4092: 4078:Tropical medicine 4024:Prison healthcare 3939:Hospital medicine 3903:Disaster medicine 3893:Aviation medicine 3708:Hospital medicine 3615:Surgical oncology 3600:Pediatric surgery 3594: 3541:Endocrine surgery 3466: 3465: 3354:Thomas Fillebrown 3329:Léon Dufourmentel 3253:Labial frenectomy 3223:Dental extraction 3218:Chin augmentation 2395:, founder of the 1932:978-0-06-019523-6 1575:"About The CAOMS" 1490:chin augmentation 1130:temporomandibular 980:chin augmentation 280:free flap surgery 158: 157: 100: 99: 92: 74:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 4325: 4285: 4284: 4275: 4265: 4264: 4255: 4254: 4245: 4244: 3949:Medical genetics 3934:General practice 3811:Nuclear medicine 3686:Gastroenterology 3642:Vascular surgery 3592: 3519: 3518: 3493: 3486: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3400:Facing the World 3141: 3134: 3127: 3118: 3117: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2998: 2987: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2956:www.doximity.com 2948: 2942: 2929: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2877:www.op.nysed.gov 2869: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2414: 2408: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2293: 2284: 2283: 2266:(6): 1254–1292. 2255: 2253: 2251: 2245: 2214: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2158: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2095: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2066: 2060: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2021: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1953: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1920: 1910: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1880: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1860: 1853: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1830:. 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Reich 831:; their nephew, 826:Columbia College 688:anesthesiologist 469:facial deformity 465:cosmetic surgery 105: 101: 95: 88: 84: 81: 75: 47: 46: 39: 21: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4323: 4322: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4233: 4222:Chief physician 4155: 4100: 4089: 4083:Travel medicine 4068:Sports medicine 4051:Sexual medicine 3991:Palliative care 3986:Pain management 3930:Family medicine 3908:Diving medicine 3854: 3782: 3744: 3737: 3653: 3646: 3605:Plastic surgery 3551:General surgery 3531:Cardiac surgery 3512: 3510: 3502: 3497: 3467: 3462: 3450: 3434: 3415:Operation Smile 3378: 3314:James Garretson 3299:Alphonse Guérin 3287: 3201: 3150: 3145: 3083: 3078: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3030: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2985: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2939:Wayback Machine 2930: 2926: 2916: 2914: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2856: 2854: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2767: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2730:(11): 731–735. 2716: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2681: 2677: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2632: 2628: 2618: 2616: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2581: 2580: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2548:(11): 717–722. 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2511: 2495: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2390: 2386: 2376: 2374: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2324: 2322: 2309: 2308: 2304: 2295: 2294: 2287: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2212: 2206: 2202: 2192: 2190: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2135: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2112: 2096: 2089: 2079: 2077: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2057:Wayback Machine 2048: 2044: 2034: 2032: 2023: 2022: 2018: 2008: 2006: 1971: 1967: 1944: 1940: 1933: 1911: 1904: 1894: 1892: 1881: 1874: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1837:on 6 July 2016. 1834: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1808: 1806: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1778: 1776: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1748: 1746: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1718: 1716: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1688: 1686: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1584: 1582: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1540: 1538: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1505:Plastic surgery 1396: 1390:disfiguration. 1376:Operation Smile 1364: 1326: 1293:doctoral degree 1289:master's degree 1222: 1206: 1189:dental implants 1156:LeFort fracture 1000:lip enhancement 933: 925: 897: 895:State licensure 741:plastic surgery 737: 616:, dentist, Dr. 572: 556: 540: 441:general surgery 413: 404: 383: 374: 365: 356: 347: 345:Canada and Asia 290: 251: 204: 196:plastic surgery 96: 85: 79: 76: 61: 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4331: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4279: 4269: 4259: 4249: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4163: 4161: 4160:Related topics 4157: 4156: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4151: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4109:Medical school 4105: 4103: 4095: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4063:Sleep medicine 4060: 4059: 4058: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4036: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4010: 4005: 4004: 4003: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3927: 3922: 3921: 3920: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3876:Anesthesiology 3873: 3868: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3806:Neuroradiology 3803: 3792: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3749: 3747: 3743:Obstetrics and 3739: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3644: 3639: 3638: 3637: 3627: 3625:Trauma surgery 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3596: 3595: 3588:Otolaryngology 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3527: 3525: 3516: 3514:subspecialties 3504: 3503: 3496: 3495: 3488: 3481: 3473: 3464: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3448: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3349:Simon Hullihen 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3144: 3143: 3136: 3129: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3082: 3081:External links 3079: 3076: 3075: 3049: 3040: 3010: 2973: 2943: 2924: 2894: 2864: 2847:www.dbc.ca.gov 2834: 2817:www.dbc.ca.gov 2804: 2777:(5): 473–478. 2761: 2710: 2675: 2661: 2626: 2600: 2571: 2528: 2509: 2489: 2474:. March 1983. 2461: 2435: 2409: 2384: 2358: 2332: 2302: 2285: 2223:(6): 1254–98. 2200: 2170: 2129: 2110: 2087: 2061: 2042: 2016: 1979:Anesthesiology 1965: 1938: 1931: 1902: 1872: 1840: 1816: 1786: 1756: 1726: 1696: 1666: 1640: 1622: 1592: 1566: 1548: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1483: 1478: 1472:Blepharoplasty 1469: 1464: 1459: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1431:Dental implant 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1340: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1313: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297:medical degree 1281: 1274: 1221: 1218: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1200: 1185: 1167: 1162:fractures and 1148: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1099: 1089: 1071: 1054: 1051: 1045: 1040: 1027: 956:blepharoplasty 932: 929: 924: 921: 896: 893: 878:Harold Gillies 846:anesthesiology 814:alveolar ridge 736: 733: 608:. In 1844, at 571: 568: 555: 552: 539: 536: 505:Chief Resident 493:trauma surgery 429:dental implant 412: 409: 403: 400: 382: 379: 373: 370: 364: 361: 355: 352: 346: 343: 289: 286: 285: 284: 281: 271: 265: 262: 250: 249:Subspecialties 247: 203: 200: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 109: 98: 97: 58:of the subject 56:worldwide view 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4330: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4288: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4268: 4260: 4258: 4250: 4248: 4240: 4239: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4192:Public health 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4172:Allied health 4170: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4096: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4030: 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3208: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3162:Facial trauma 3160: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3142: 3137: 3135: 3130: 3128: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3063: 3059: 3053: 3044: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3014: 2995: 2991: 2984: 2977: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2940: 2936: 2933: 2928: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2765: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2714: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2671: 2665: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2630: 2614: 2610: 2604: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2576: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2532: 2516: 2512: 2510:9781439612033 2506: 2502: 2501: 2493: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2465: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2306: 2298: 2297:"Our History" 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