788:
564:
694:
37:
438:
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905:. The archaeological material indicates that the facility sure may was used up in the 3rd century AD, even up in the 4th century AD by the Gallo-Roman population. On the one hand, the interpretation as the temple is based on the insularity and the design, on the other hand on finds of coins; the majority of the now nearly 90 coins probably are from a so far not proven predecessor building, probably from the third quarter of the 1st century AD. An island sanctuary of the Helvetii in connection with the 1st century BC settlement oppidum may be assumed.
987:. It was probably not an external but an inner moat. This finding is important because the Celts of the late LaäTène period divided their settlements with trenches into different zones. As in other Celtic settlements, this moat marks the artisans' quarter, lodging for the nobilitas, cult districts and public spaces. Emil Vogt assumed in the 1960s for traces of an early Roman military system, which he put into context with the Roman Alps campaigns in 15 BC, and so the Celtic finds in the beginning have been classified as
357:
992:
archaeologists have made further discoveries during excavations at the foot of the
Lindenhof hill, whose scientific evaluation proves the Celtic settlement. Recent discoveries set older finds in a new light, and the interpretation of the research is still not succeeded, and therefore old finds will be re-interpreted.
978:
During the
November 2007 excavation under the guidance of Margrit Balmerm, well plates were found that were used by the Celts for making money. Researchers believe that in the wells, small amounts of metal were melted thereby producing metal blanks, and the planchets were later used for coinage. The
898:
island. The building was erected in 122 AD, and consisted of oak piles driven deep into the lake bottom, surrounded probably with walls made of perishable materials, which formed a circle of 7 metres (23 ft) in diameter. The rotunda is located on the former island settlement, about 500 metres
991:
finds. During the renovations at
Rennweg in 1989, archaeologists discovered traces of a Celtic settlement for the first time. The significance of the findings was recognized, however, only when in sewer rehabilitation remains of Celtic buildings a few years later have been found. Since then,
934:
composed of several layers of different materials. There were found pile shoes at different altitudes in the cultural layers and rich bar decoration of ceramics occurred exclusively in the lower layer, while the decoration on cannelure groups was limited to the upper layer, as well as some
929:
between 1916 and 1919, an amazingly big area of approximately 2.8 hectares (7 acres) with two cultural layers was preserved. Both, the upper and the lower cultural layer, were separated by an about 10 centimetres (3.94 in) cm thick layer of lake
814:
were used as the center of the later fortification of the historical center of Zürich. Significant parts of the lime mortar and ancient castle wall are integrated into the town houses around the
Lindenhof and in a
1289:
1234:. Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Ur- und Frühgeschichte = Annuaire de la Société Suisse de Préhistoire et d'Archéologie = Annuario della Società Svizzera di Preistoria e d'Archeologia 59/1976. 1975
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527:
accommodation and artisan district. The now largely flattened
Lindenhof area elevates at 428 metres (1,404 ft) above sea level, and rises about 25 metres (82 ft) above the level of the Limmat at
838:
was a long building with a chapel on the eastern side of the still fortified hill; it is last mentioned in 1172, and was derelict by 1218, when its remains were partly scavenged for construction of the
1001:
479:
around which the modern city has historically grown. The hilltop area including its prehistoric, Celtic, Roman and medieval remains, therefore dominates the historical center alongside the easterly
650:), archaeologists excavated individual and aerial finds of the Celtic oppidum, whose remains were discovered in archaeological campaigns in the years 1989, 1997, 2004 and 2007 on Lindenhof and
1083:
859:
building, where coins, stove tiles and other artefacts from the Celtic, Roman and medieval times were found. The Celtic and Roman remains and foundation stones can be seen in the
654:, and also in the 1900s but mistakenly identified as Roman objects. Not yet archaeologically proven but suggested by historians, as well for the first construction of the today's
966:, and date to around 100 BC. The find is so far unique, and the scientific research assumes that the melting down of the lumps was not completed, therefore the aim was to form
1017:
Margrit
Balmerm, Luisa Bertolaccini, Sabine Deschler-Erb, Stefanie Jacomet, Michael Nick, Hortensia von Roten, Katharina Schmid-Ott, Gisela Thierrin-Michael, Alexander Voûte,
1197:
970:. The site of the find was at that time at least 50 metres (164 ft) from the lake shore, and probably 1 metre (3 ft) to 3 metres (10 ft) deep in the water.
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1176:
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that was more significant than assumed before. A v-shaped Celtic ditch was also dug out, which was discovered a few years ago at the site of the former
133:
1221:. In: NAU 8/2001. Amt für Städtebau der Stadt Zürich, Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Unterwasserarchäologie / Labor für Dendrochronologie. Zürich 2001.
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1051:. In: Schriften zu Archäologie, Denkmalpflege und Stadtplanung, Voluma 2. Published by Amt für Städtebau der Stadt Zürich, Zürich 2001,
749:, Zürich's Roman and possibly Celtic name, is engraved on the 2nd-century AD tombstone of a little boy. It was found on 15 May 1747, at
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site, investigation conducted by probes and probing ditches occurred in 1970. Despite the dredging for the construction of the
1056:
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were built in 1901/02, and therefore important historical archaeological excavations never were done. To the south, near the
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773:. 4,500 square metres (48,438 sq ft) large, it was fitted with 10 towers and 2 metres (7 ft) wide walls.
804:
Likely between the fifth and seventh centuries AD, the hilltop leveled fort became the retaining wall of the growing
693:
397:
1153:"Aufsehenerregender Keltenfund in Zürich: Die keltische Siedlung am Lindenhof war bedeutender als bisher angenommen"
1025:. Monographien der Kantonsarchäologie Zürich 39 (2009), Dissertation von Margrit Balmgern, Universität Bern (Prof.
724:. Several stone buildings from the Roman period were located on and surrounding the hill. It was part of the small
379:
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1340:
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hill that since the
European Middle Ages is used as a public square, situated amidst the historic center of
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36:
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flooded hollow, so that
Lindenhof hill was an optimal location for early probably fortified settlements.
840:
1004:, including the remains of its prehistoric, Roman and medieval settlements respectively buildings as a
620:
square. Lindenhof then was largely surrounded by water: until the early medieval area, the neighboring
437:
735:
523:, and in the west, the hill is limited by the today's Rennweg—Bahnhofstrasse lanes, the site of the
1023:
Zürich in der Spätlatène- und frühen
Kaiserzeit: Vom keltischen Oppidum zum römischen Vicus Turicum
894:
During the reign of
Emperor Hadrian, a round wooden temple as an island sanctuary was built at the
375:
49:
1049:
Kelten in Zürich. Der Ursprung der Stadt in neuem Licht - Stadtgeschichte und Städtebau in Zürich
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950:
coins, which are mixed with charcoal remnants. Some of the about 18,000 coins originate from the
808:
settlement, and so gave the Lindenhof terrace largely its current form. The remains of the Roman
733:, located on both banks of the Limmat, and connected by a Roman bridge located near the present
551:
1042:
Die Zürcher City unter Wasser. Interaktion zwischen Natur und Mensch in der Frühzeit Zürichs
89:
1295:. Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, Amt für Bevölkerungsschutz. 2015-01-01. Archived from
1084:"Zürcher City unter Wasser. Interaktion zwischen Natur und Mensch in der Frühzeit Zürichs"
596:
516:
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8:
1266:"75 kilogrammes of Celtic small coin - Recent research on the "Potinklumpen" from Zürich"
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579:, there are Neolithic and Bronze Age (4500 to 850 BC) finds, most of them related to the
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Schädelreste, Kopeken und Radar: Vielfältige Aufgaben für die Zürcher Tauchequipe IV
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821:. The Gallo-Roman remains existed until the early European Middle Ages, when a
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1254:. Amt für Städtebau der Stadt Zürich, Stadtarchäologie, Zürich October 2007.
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1st century BC inhabitants of Celtic Zürich therefore lived in a settlement
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Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance
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In 15 BC, Augustus' stepsons Drusus and later Emperor Tiberius Claudius
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942:, those largest weights 59.2 kilograms (131 lb), where found at
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built a citadel on top of the hill in the years of the Roman emperor
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was built at the site of a prehistoric cultic place at the present
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Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Zürich
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lane leading to the St. Peter church, and refers to the Roman
1232:"Ältere Eisenzeit = Premier Age du Fer = Prima Età del Ferro"
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square was the former civilian harbour of the Celtic-Roman
504:
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Keltisches Geld in Zürich: Der spektakuläre «Potinklumpen»
413:
is the present name of the large fortified settlement, or
1128:
995:
1044:. Stadt Zürich, Archäologie und Denkmalpflege 2006–2008.
769:(364–375), to defend migrations from the north by the
487:
quarter. Its northern part, where the former medieval
1271:. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, España
1102:
1100:
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1072:
1047:
Margrit Balmer, Stefanie Martin-Kilcher, Dölf Wild:
700:
grave stone (200 AD) found at the upper part of the
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hill, there was another cultic construction towards
1110:(in German). Baugeschichtliches Archiv Stadt Zürich
761:. Using the advantage of the local topography, the
1155:(in German). Neue Zürcher Zeitung NZZ. 2007-10-18
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946:in 1890. They consist of a large number of fused
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16:Ancient Celtic settlement in Zürich, Switzerland
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1086:(in German). Hochdepartement der Stadt Zürich
919:On the occasion of construction works at the
1200:(in German). Hochbaudepartement Stadt Zürich
1179:(in German). Hochbaudepartement Stadt Zürich
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378:. There might be a discussion about this on
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547:Prehistoric pile dwellings around Zürichsee
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712:integrated the territory on the easterly
398:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:section moats between district, minting,
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935:graphite-decorated fragments. So-called
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1366:Former populated places in Switzerland
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1000:The hillside area is listed as in the
996:Heritage site of national significance
960:type, that were assigned to the local
834:(1054) was built on its remains. This
567:Celtic, Roman and medieval remains at
559:by Hans Leu d.Ä. in the probably 1490s
843:and stone masonry on private houses.
310:1906, 1989, 1997, 2004, 2007 and 2008
716:lake shore into the Roman provinces
507:river delta. At the same place, the
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1361:Archaeological sites in Switzerland
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855:(MCL) bought in 1851 the so-called
594:(both small former islands west of
13:
1356:Populated places in pre-Roman Gaul
1326:Buildings and structures in Zürich
672:may have kept its ancient meaning
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634:(1500 BC) artefacts were found at
14:
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865:at one's own risk by contacting
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503:, meaning the slope towards the
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626:area was a swampy, by the Sihl
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899:(1,640 ft) away from the
1:
1336:Tourist attractions in Zürich
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658:Limmat crossing, the present
540:
483:riverbank and the historical
193:c. 350 metres (1,148 ft)
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425:on the western shore of the
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1108:"Baugeschichtliches Archiv"
201:c. 250 metres (820 ft)
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467:. It was the site of the
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1290:"A-Objekte KGS-Inventar"
1131:(in German). rennweg8.ch
884:Grosser Hafner sanctuary
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646:For the 1st century BC (
555:Lindenhof, Sihlbühl and
429:in Zürich, Switzerland.
417:, likely founded by the
149:47.3729833°N 8.5405667°E
77:Shown within Switzerland
758:STA(tio) TUR(i)CEN(sis)
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852:Modestia cum Libertate
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698:Lucius Aelius Urbicus'
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209:10 hectares (25 acres)
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575:At the flat shore of
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329:archaeological access
307:Excavation dates
154:47.3729833; 8.5405667
86:Alternative name
50:Predigerkirche Zürich
1217:Beat Eberschweiler:
956:, others are of the
581:lakeside settlements
368:confusing or unclear
287:Associated with
376:clarify the article
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794:ceramics from the
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342:Public access
248:stone, earth, wood
90:Lindenhof-Sihlbühl
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1341:Altstadt (Zürich)
1331:History of Zürich
1057:978-3-905384-01-7
1035:978-3-905681-37-6
1027:S. Martin-Kilcher
985:Oetenbach nunnery
722:Germania Superior
704:on Lindenhof hill
632:Middle Bronze Age
597:Sechseläutenplatz
513:Waisenhaus Zürich
509:Urania Sternwarte
489:Oetenbach nunnery
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1198:"Lindenhof 2008"
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1202:. Retrieved
1192:
1181:. Retrieved
1177:"Turicum II"
1157:. Retrieved
1133:. Retrieved
1123:
1112:. Retrieved
1088:. Retrieved
1048:
1041:
1022:
1005:
999:
988:
980:
977:
961:
957:
953:Eastern Gaul
952:
943:
936:
926:
920:
918:
901:
893:
871:situated at
856:
845:
809:
803:
796:
746:
734:
728:
707:
701:
697:
681:
673:
663:
645:
621:
611:
601:
595:
589:
583:
574:
568:
454:
410:
409:
394:
385:
374:Please help
365:
233:or probably
180:Part of
140:8°32′26.04″E
1129:"Rennweg 8"
1040:Dölf Wild:
836:Kaiserpfalz
823:Carolingian
806:Gallo-Roman
674:wine square
628:river delta
618:Bürkliplatz
603:Bauschänzli
477:Kaiserpfalz
473:Carolingian
296:Gallo-Roman
152: /
128:Coordinates
122:Switzerland
1320:Categories
1306:2015-09-13
1275:2014-12-12
1238:2014-12-12
1204:2015-01-13
1183:2015-01-13
1159:2015-01-13
1135:2015-01-13
1114:2015-01-13
1090:2015-01-15
1064:References
1012:Literature
841:city walls
752:Pfalzgasse
702:Pfalzgasse
623:Münsterhof
541:Prehistory
530:Limmatquai
521:Münsterhof
450:Limmatquai
370:to readers
302:Site notes
108:Münsterhof
1080:Dölf Wild
1019:Dölf Wild
944:Alpenquai
922:Alpenquai
915:Alpenquai
797:Lindenhof
742:Weinplatz
714:Zürichsee
669:Weinplatz
660:Weinplatz
613:Alpenquai
577:Zürichsee
457:Lindenhof
433:Geography
411:Lindenhof
388:June 2021
334:Ownership
326:Condition
320:Dölf Wild
290:probably
100:Lindenhof
20:Lindenhof
1008:object.
963:Helvetii
857:Paradies
827:Ottonian
825:, later
771:Alamanni
528:Schipfe—
525:Helvetii
500:Sihlbühl
419:Helvetii
294:, later
292:Helvetii
271:Cultures
265:Iron Age
245:Material
237:, later
235:Helvetii
104:Sihlbühl
96:Location
1006:Class A
981:Turicum
927:Seequai
799:oppidum
792:La Tène
747:Turicum
730:Turicum
682:Turicum
664:Turicum
652:Rennweg
636:Schipfe
616:at the
606:at the
600:, near
557:Schipfe
536:History
485:Schipfe
461:moraine
446:Schipfe
421:on the
415:oppidum
366:may be
279:La Tène
261:Periods
253:Founded
227:Builder
222:History
174:Oppidum
46:Schipfe
1351:Oppida
1055:
1033:
958:Zürich
948:Celtic
811:Castra
718:Raetia
680:Vicus
610:, and
481:Limmat
465:Zürich
427:Limmat
214:Height
190:Length
118:Zürich
114:Region
1300:(PDF)
1293:(PDF)
1269:(PDF)
989:Roman
940:lumps
938:Potin
879:Finds
831:Pfalz
818:Pfalz
726:vicus
469:Roman
459:is a
275:Celts
239:Roman
231:Celts
198:Width
1053:ISBN
1031:ISBN
932:marl
846:The
720:and
710:Nero
588:and
511:and
505:Sihl
475:era
471:and
455:The
444:and
206:Area
165:Type
44:and
638:).
345:Yes
172:or
1322::
1168:^
1144:^
1099:^
1071:^
875:.
745:.
676:.
532:.
277:,
120:,
1309:.
1278:.
1241:.
1207:.
1186:.
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1117:.
1093:.
1059:.
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738:–
571:.
401:)
395:(
390:)
386:(
382:.
372:.
106:–
102:–
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