289:
17:
301:
277:
154:
150:
completion falls off in later sections. The settings do not attempt to represent Old
Testament life as anything different from that of contemporary England, and so give valuable depictions of many aspects of the English world. The extensive illustrations suggest that it was designed mainly for lay use, and possibly intended for a single highly-placed individual or family. It is the earliest illustrated manuscript of a large part of the bible in any vernacular language.
227:
119:
168:
The degree of completion with washes tends to diminish as the book goes on. Some images appear to have been added to at a later date. The colouring has some eccentricities; in particular many figures have blue hair, and the many tents are shown with boldly coloured stripes. Opportunities offered by the text to show groups of animals are usually taken, and the
167:
There are twelve full-page miniatures spread through the texts, and the other miniatures range from nearly full-page to about a quarter of a page. Many pages have two or even three illustrations, and the majority of pages have a miniature, some of which combine two scenes in bordered compartments.
149:
One or, more likely, several artists accompanied the narrative with 394 drawings in inks of various colours, most brightly coloured with washes, containing about 550 scenes. Many of these are unfinished, at varying stages of completion, and like most unfinished manuscript programmes, the degree of
109:
Though described as "vivid and dynamic", the drawing and style of the
Claudius miniatures has been regarded as somewhat crude compared to other manuscripts of the period, variously described as "rough", "incompetent" and "not of outstanding artistic importance". The whole manuscript is available
234:
Although the 1975 edition edited by
Dodwell and Clemoes asserted that "the artist was not copying the pictures of a remote and long-forgotten age; like other creative artists he was thinking in terms of his own life and times”, this is exactly what is proposed in a monograph of 2017 by Herbert
270:. The horns of Moses, first known in art in this manuscript, are another example, though they do not take the form that became common. They rise stright from the sides of the head, and are large. In one illustration they are coloured yellow, perhaps suggesting light.
146:, it is largely complete, but does not include all the biblical text of the books. Commentary and other material in Latin and Old English was added in the 12th century, often using blank areas in incomplete miniatures.
235:
Broderick, dealing with the illustrations in the manuscript. He suggests that an ancient prototype was available in
Canterbury at the time, with illustrations drawing on ideas about charismatic leadership current in
250:, who is shown receiving his first bath, possibly the only such depiction in Western art, though there are Byzantine examples. This was a common trope in art depicting classical gods and heros including
172:
frequently appears. The sheet size is 325 by 215 millimetres (12.8 in Ă— 8.5 in) , with the text occupying 260 by 160 millimetres (10.2 in Ă— 6.3 in). It was in the
206:, it is the only surviving late Anglo-Saxon manuscript with extensive Old Testament illustrations. The Junius manuscript is from a few decades earlier, and also contains a retelling of
1833:
1271:
1956:
1950:
1413:
1962:
1672:
2324:
693:
94:
B.iv (from which the illustrations on this page are taken). Another copy of the text, without lavish illustrations but including a translation of the
1739:
1264:
2319:
1734:
1519:
893:
2150:
767:
1693:
2334:
1999:
1257:
2329:
1762:
2288:
1666:
1450:
727:
611:
1821:
810:
1094:
2273:
1855:
2298:
2293:
2283:
1460:
1334:
596:
569:
673:
The Old
English Version of the Heptateuch, Ælfric's Treatise on the Old and New Testament and His Preface to Genesis
288:
2176:
2109:
1584:
1408:
138:, while the remaining parts of the translation were carried out by anonymous authors. Peter Clemoes suggests that
82:
The translation is known in seven manuscripts, most of which are fragmentary. The best-known of those is a richly
2339:
2054:
1704:
1654:
1280:
1128:
760:
933:
817:
2278:
2044:
1698:
1601:
1423:
1313:
632:
320:
300:
2124:
1839:
1160:
576:
Moses the
Egyptian in the Illustrated Old English Hexateuch (London, British Library Cotton MS Claudius B.iv)
2069:
554:
2024:
1921:
1886:
1866:
1810:
1688:
1630:
1618:
703:
Mellinkoff, Ruth. "Serpent
Imagery in the Illustrated Old English Hexateuch." Brown, P. R., et al. (eds.)
2227:
1915:
1543:
1537:
2192:
2119:
2114:
2079:
753:
675:. Early English Text Society; 160. London: Oxford University Press, 1969. Critical edition of the text.
2212:
1677:
1612:
1572:
1476:
1149:
953:
776:
1185:
2039:
1981:
1903:
1850:
1815:
1508:
1492:
1111:
989:
975:
733:
Withers, Benjamin C. "A 'secret and feverish genesis': the
Prefaces of the Old English Hexateuch."
584:
267:
2049:
1089:
2344:
2197:
2034:
2019:
1909:
1897:
1827:
799:
131:
276:
2202:
2074:
2029:
1891:
1682:
1660:
1589:
1502:
1385:
83:
2242:
2104:
2064:
1933:
1757:
1624:
1525:
1418:
1249:
900:
706:
16:
2252:
2237:
2084:
1944:
1861:
1844:
1710:
1238:
1228:
1191:
1168:
1040:
852:
179:
In particular the MS is believed to be the earliest surviving visual representation of the
139:
51:(d. c. 1010). It is the first English vernacular translation of the first six books of the
1223:
627:. California Studies in the History of Art. Vol. 14. University of California Press.
135:
48:
8:
2099:
1804:
1636:
1595:
1578:
1514:
1487:
1370:
1329:
1197:
1135:
1069:
947:
886:
664:. Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile; 18. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1974.
255:
72:
36:
2232:
1927:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1561:
1391:
940:
836:
215:
142:
was responsible for the compilation as well as for parts of the translation. With 156
91:
2059:
1531:
1445:
1380:
924:
906:
846:
723:
628:
607:
592:
565:
236:
191:
169:
64:
2155:
1648:
1607:
1567:
1482:
1218:
1033:
1021:
966:
841:
103:
130:
Claudius B.iv. was probably compiled in the second quarter of the 11th century at
2171:
2145:
2129:
2094:
2089:
1798:
1555:
1549:
1429:
1355:
1052:
1046:
982:
865:
717:
642:
622:
579:
307:
203:
87:
68:
56:
2257:
2247:
1642:
1435:
1303:
1298:
1122:
1117:
877:
859:
680:
The Old
English Heptateuch and Ælfric's "Libellus de veteri testamento et novo"
330:
325:
199:
180:
173:
95:
76:
60:
21:
2313:
2222:
2217:
1939:
1778:
1749:
1360:
1350:
1083:
1027:
263:
52:
602:
Fox, Michael; Sharma, Manish (2012). "Introduction". In
Michael, Fox (ed.).
1973:
1726:
1455:
1375:
153:
1716:
1440:
1365:
791:
578:, 2017, University of Notre Dame Press, ISBN 0268102058 / 9780268102050,
243:
184:
44:
126:. Biblical scene in the Illustrated Old English Hexateuch (11th century)
1991:
1497:
705:
Modes of Interpretation in Old English Literature: essays in honour of
643:"The Illustrated Old English Hexateuch: An early medieval picture book"
2207:
913:
665:
40:
745:
722:. Studies in Book and Print Culture. London: British Library, 2007.
226:
1233:
1076:
1002:
251:
195:
118:
720:
B.iv.: the frontier of seeing and reading in Anglo-Saxon England
828:
259:
218:. The ambitious programme of illustration is also unfinished.
1279:
682:. Early English Text Society; 330. Oxford: Oxford U. P., 2008.
1284:
247:
157:
143:
123:
134:, Canterbury. It incorporates translations and a preface by
161:
1013:
606:. Manish Sharma. Toronto: U of Toronto P. pp. 3–24.
468:
Porck illustrates 5 stages of completion; Mellinkoff, 16
187:
convention which grew over the rest of the Middle Ages.
113:
668:
edition of British Library, Cotton MS Claudius B.iv.
698:The Old English Hexateuch: aspects and approaches
2311:
1740:New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh
564:, 2018, British Library (exhibition catalogue),
79:. It was probably made for use by lay people.
1717:The Holy Bible from Ancient Eastern Manuscripts
242:This is especially the case for details in the
221:
1735:Jewish Publication Society of America Version
1265:
761:
711:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986.
369:Breay & Story, 244-245; Mellinkoff, 23-26
894:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
660:Dodwell, C. R. & Clemoes, Peter (eds.).
624:The Horned Moses in Medieval Art and Thought
604:Old English Literature and the Old Testament
47:, presumably under the editorship of Abbot
35:, is the collaborative project of the late
1272:
1258:
768:
754:
620:
2325:Later Anglo-Saxon illuminated manuscripts
2000:New English Translation of the Septuagint
601:
1928:New Heart English Bible, Jehovah Edition
589:The Pictorial arts of the West, 800-1200
504:Broderick, Chapter 1; Mellinkoff, 16, 22
225:
152:
117:
15:
1872:Original Aramaic Bible in Plain English
716:The Illustrated Old English Hexateuch,
686:
110:online at the British Library website.
2312:
700:. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute, 2000.
560:Breay, Clare and Story, Joanna (eds),
1253:
775:
749:
662:The Old English Illustrated Hexateuch
114:Cotton Claudius B.iv, British Library
39:that translated the six books of the
2320:11th-century illuminated manuscripts
1673:New International Inclusive Language
1150:Interrogationes Sigewulfi in Genesim
562:Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms: Art, Word, War
55:, i.e. the five books of the Torah (
811:On the Resting-Places of the Saints
194:(also in the British Library), and
13:
2274:List of English Bible translations
1856:New American Bible Revised Edition
649:
14:
2356:
2060:Hebrew-Greek Key Word Study Bible
1461:Julia E. Smith Parker Translation
1335:Middle English Bible translations
741:
351:as used by Mellinkoff for example
2335:Illuminated biblical manuscripts
2289:Early Modern English (1500–1800)
299:
287:
275:
266:, became a usual feature in the
214:and other parts of the bible in
2330:Bible translations into English
2055:Logos International Study Bible
534:
525:
516:
507:
498:
489:
480:
471:
462:
453:
444:
435:
426:
2050:Dake Annotated Reference Bible
2045:Thompson Chain-Reference Bible
1314:Old English Bible translations
709:/ edited by Phyllis Rugg Brown
417:
408:
399:
390:
381:
372:
363:
354:
345:
321:Old English Bible translations
1:
2125:The Life with God Study Bible
2110:New Interpreter's Study Bible
1281:English-language translations
547:
396:Mellinkoff, 16 quoting others
2165:Modern Dialectal & Slang
2025:Life Application Study Bible
1689:Heinz Cassirer's translation
934:The Prose Solomon and Saturn
7:
1602:Green's Literal Translation
671:Crawford, Samuel J. (ed.).
654:
314:
222:Possible Late antique model
10:
2361:
2284:Middle English (1066–1500)
2193:Cambridge University Press
2120:Archaeological Study Bible
2115:Reflecting God Study Bible
1667:New International Reader's
441:Breay & Story, 244-245
122:Anglo-Saxon king with his
2266:
2185:
2164:
2138:
2012:
1990:
1972:
1822:Today's New International
1791:
1771:
1748:
1725:
1705:Holman Christian Standard
1469:
1401:
1343:
1322:
1291:
1211:
1177:
1159:
1103:
1061:
1012:
965:
923:
876:
827:
790:
783:
621:Mellinkoff, Ruth (1970).
557:, Cotton MS Claudius B IV
160:'s gifts of livestock to
2294:Modern Christian (1800–)
2080:The Lutheran Study Bible
2040:Scofield Reference Bible
1851:Apostolic Bible Polyglot
1779:Four Prophets (Phillips)
1493:Moffatt, New Translation
1112:Handbook for a Confessor
692:Barnhouse, Rebecca, and
678:Marsden, Richard (ed.).
645:, 2016, blog by academic
338:
268:Nativity of Jesus in art
2198:Oxford University Press
2035:Reformation Study Bible
1910:The Passion Translation
1655:21st Century King James
800:Old English Martyrology
432:Dodwell (1993), 118-120
102:), is found in Oxford,
98:(hence also called the
2340:Old English literature
2279:Old English (pre-1066)
2203:American Bible Society
2075:The Wesley Study Bible
2030:Oxford Annotated Bible
1877:Divine Name King James
1699:International Standard
1483:Rotherham's Emphasized
450:Breay & Story, 245
387:Breay & Story, 245
262:), and, especially in
231:
164:
127:
100:Old English Heptateuch
84:illuminated manuscript
24:
2299:Modern Jewish (1853–)
2243:Hendrickson Publisher
2065:MacArthur Study Bible
1916:Revised New Jerusalem
1694:Complete Jewish Bible
1544:New American Standard
1309:Old English Hexateuch
1143:Old English Hexateuch
1095:Old English Herbarium
901:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
737:; 81:1 (1999): 53-71.
714:Withers, Benjamin C.
707:Stanley B. Greenfield
230:Lot and his daughters
229:
156:
121:
29:Old English Hexateuch
19:
2253:Saint Benedict Press
2085:Orthodox Study Bible
1945:Tree of Life Version
1922:Evangelical Heritage
1711:Easy-to-Read Version
1631:Contemporary English
1619:New Revised Standard
1414:Brenton's Septuagint
1192:Old English Lapidary
1169:Kentish Royal Legend
1104:Ecclesiastical texts
887:History of the World
853:Sermo Lupi ad Anglos
687:Secondary literature
574:Broderick, Herbert,
540:Broderick, chapter 3
531:Broderick, chapter 2
522:Broderick, chapter 2
198:, in particular the
140:Byrhtferth of Ramsey
132:St Augustine's Abbey
2105:Study Bible for GNT
2100:Study Bible for NLT
2095:Study Bible for ESV
2090:Study Bible for NIV
1867:The Orthodox Jewish
1613:Christian Community
1198:Wonders of the East
1136:Vindicta Salvatoris
1129:Gospel of Nicodemus
1090:Byrhtferth's Manual
948:The Durham Proverbs
694:Benjamin C. Withers
256:Alexander the Great
2233:Lockman Foundation
2186:Notable publishers
1963:Free Bible Version
1904:Christian Standard
1887:Tree of Life Bible
1186:Apollonius of Tyre
941:Adrian and Ritheus
837:Blickling Homilies
232:
190:Together with the
165:
128:
106:, Laud Misc. 509.
92:Cotton MS Claudius
37:Anglo-Saxon period
33:Aelfric Paraphrase
25:
2307:
2306:
2070:Ryrie Study Bible
2008:
2007:
1957:Majority Standard
1787:
1786:
1573:New International
1477:American Standard
1446:Emphatic Diaglott
1402:18th–19th century
1344:16th–17th century
1247:
1246:
1207:
1206:
925:Wisdom literature
907:Winchcombe Annals
847:Vercelli Homilies
777:Old English prose
728:978-0-7123-0940-0
613:978-0-8020-9854-2
591:, 1993, Yale UP,
495:Mellinkoff, 13-15
360:Fox and Sharma 6.
237:Hellenistic Egypt
216:Old English verse
192:Junius manuscript
136:Ælfric of Eynsham
49:Ælfric of Eynsham
2352:
2267:Additional lists
2156:The Action Bible
1970:
1969:
1816:English Standard
1723:
1722:
1661:Third Millennium
1509:Revised Standard
1292:5th–11th century
1274:
1267:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1062:Scientific texts
1034:Textus Roffensis
842:Lambeth Homilies
788:
787:
770:
763:
756:
747:
746:
735:The Art Bulletin
638:
617:
541:
538:
532:
529:
523:
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514:
511:
505:
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487:
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397:
394:
388:
385:
379:
376:
370:
367:
361:
358:
352:
349:
303:
291:
282:Lot and his wife
279:
258:(not to mention
104:Bodleian Library
2360:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2262:
2181:
2160:
2151:The Manga Bible
2146:The Brick Bible
2134:
2130:The Green Bible
2004:
1986:
1968:
1951:Berean Standard
1934:Legacy Standard
1898:Literal English
1811:World Messianic
1799:Palmarian Bible
1783:
1767:
1744:
1721:
1625:Revised English
1526:Modern Language
1465:
1424:Young's Literal
1397:
1339:
1318:
1287:
1278:
1248:
1243:
1203:
1173:
1155:
1099:
1057:
1053:Fonthill Letter
1047:Canons of Edgar
1008:
961:
919:
872:
823:
805:Lives of Saints
779:
774:
744:
718:Cotton Claudius
689:
657:
652:
650:Further reading
635:
614:
555:British Library
550:
545:
544:
539:
535:
530:
526:
521:
517:
513:Quoted by Porck
512:
508:
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317:
310:
304:
295:
292:
283:
280:
246:of the life of
224:
204:Utrecht Psalter
116:
88:British Library
12:
11:
5:
2358:
2348:
2347:
2345:Cotton Library
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2258:Baronius Press
2255:
2250:
2248:Ignatius Press
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
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2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2139:Picture Bibles
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
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2032:
2027:
2022:
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2014:
2010:
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1996:
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1931:
1925:
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1907:
1901:
1895:
1892:Modern English
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
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1862:Lexham English
1859:
1853:
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1845:Common English
1842:
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1593:
1590:New King James
1587:
1582:
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1538:Living English
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1471:
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1436:Living Oracles
1433:
1427:
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1358:
1353:
1347:
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1338:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1323:Middle English
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1304:Hatton Gospels
1301:
1299:Wessex Gospels
1295:
1293:
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1277:
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1174:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1123:Wessex Gospels
1120:
1118:Hatton Gospels
1115:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
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999:
993:
986:
979:
971:
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963:
962:
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959:
951:
944:
937:
929:
927:
921:
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244:iconography
170:Hand of God
73:Deuteronomy
45:Old English
2314:Categories
1992:Septuagint
1683:New Living
1678:God's Word
1643:Clear Word
1392:King James
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634:0520017056
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1930:(NHEB-JE)
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666:Facsimile
176:by 1621.
65:Leviticus
41:Hexateuch
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990:Blostman
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696:(eds.).
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315:See also
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196:psalters
2172:Glasgow
1858:(NABRE)
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1283:of the
1212:Authors
1003:Dialogi
208:Genesis
86:in the
69:Numbers
57:Genesis
2228:Holman
2177:LOLCat
1918:(RNJB)
1824:(TNIV)
1707:(HCSB)
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212:Exodus
144:folios
77:Joshua
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1982:Alter
1965:(FBV)
1959:(MSB)
1953:(BSB)
1947:(TLV)
1936:(LSB)
1924:(EHV)
1912:(TPT)
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1900:(LEV)
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1441:Darby
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1394:(KJV)
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1285:Bible
1178:Other
784:Texts
339:Notes
308:Tamar
248:Moses
183:, an
158:Jacob
124:Witan
43:into
31:, or
1801:(SH)
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1498:Knox
1432:(RV)
998:1–50
724:ISBN
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553:BL:
254:and
162:Esau
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27:The
20:The
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