Ojibwe language - Knowledge

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dialect spoken in southern Ontario and northern Michigan; the Severn Ojibwa dialect spoken in northern Ontario and Manitoba; and the Algonquin dialect spoken in southwestern Quebec. Valentine notes that isolation is the most plausible explanation for the distinctive linguistic features found in these three dialects. Many communities adjacent to these relatively sharply differentiated dialects show a mix of transitional features, reflecting overlap with other nearby dialects. While each of these dialects has undergone innovations that make them distinctive, their status as part of the Ojibwe language complex is not in dispute. The relatively low degrees of mutual intelligibility between some nonadjacent Ojibwe dialects led Rhodes and Todd to suggest that Ojibwe should be analyzed as a linguistic subgroup consisting of several languages.

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Waadookodaading participate in a maple sugar harvest. Older students and elders instruct the younger students on the harvest process, narrating what they are doing in Ojibwemowin as the younger students observe. The younger students are then encouraged to participate as they learn, gathering wood, helping to drill trees, and hauling buckets of sap. Thus, the Ojibwe language is kept alive through indigenous methods of teaching, which emphasizes hands-on experiences, such as the sugar bush harvest. The language is then passed on in a similar manner in which it has been throughout history in that older members of the community—including elders/instructors and older students at the schools—relay their knowledge and experiences to the younger generation.

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kindergarten, they know both English and Ojibwe alphabets and writing systems. In the classroom, students generally first become familiar with the language by hearing and speaking it and then advance to reading and writing it as well. They are taught mathematics, reading, social studies, music, and other typical school subjects through the medium of the Ojibwe language so as to increase student's exposure to Ojibwemowin while providing a well-rounded education. In her research study on Ojibwe immersion schools, Ojibwe scholar and educator Mary Hermes suggests that educating through the Ojibwe language may be more culturally meaningful to communities than simply educating about the culture through English.

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young adults; however, there are many resources for all age groups, including online games which provide domains for online language use. In the 1980s, The Northern Native-Languages Project was introduced in Ontario to get Indigenous languages such as Ojibwe, to be taught in schools. Years later, the first curriculum was established for the program and it was known as Native Languages 1987. There has also been an increase in published children's literature. The increase in materials published in Ojibwe is essential to increasing the number of speakers. Language revitalization through Ojibwe frameworks also allows for cultural concepts to be conveyed through language.

532: 4438: 4420: 4402: 4384: 4366: 4348: 4330: 1224: 1299: 1290:, and a subgrouping consisting of Eastern Ojibwe and a further subgrouping comprising Southwestern Ojibwe and Central Ojibwe. Valentine has proposed that Ojibwe dialects are divided into three groups: a northern tier consisting of Severn Ojibwe and Algonquin; a southern tier consisting of "Odawa, Chippewa, Eastern Ojibwe, the Ojibwe of the Border Lakes region between Minnesota and Ontario, and Saulteaux; and third, a transitional zone between these two polar groups, in which there is a mixture of northern and southern features." 4227: 999: 4241: 62: 4213: 2546: 8161: 7952: 988: 962:, although the required research to ascertain the linguistic history and status of a hypothetical "Ojibwe–Potawatomi" subgroup has not yet been undertaken. A discussion of Algonquian family subgroups indicates that "Ojibwe–Potawatomi is another possibility that awaits investigation." In a proposed consensus classification of Algonquian languages, Goddard (1996) classifies Ojibwa and Potawatomi as "Ojibwayan," although no supporting evidence is adduced. 4255: 439: 6226: 427: 6229: 4631: 4639: 4112:

Anton Treuer has been recording stories told by about 50 different Ojibwe elders in their native language so as to preserve both the language and pieces of knowledge and history. Alongside his current mentor, a Ponemah elder named Eugene Stillday, he writes the recorded stories in both Ojibwe and translated English.

1405:, spoke Ojibwe in their interactions with Menominee, with other reports indicating that "the Chippewa, Menominee, Ottawa, Potawatomi, Sac, and Fox tribes used Ojibwe in intertribal communication...." Some reports indicate that farther west, speakers of non-Algonquian languages such as Ho-Chunk (Winnebago), 4200:

in Minnesota, which teaches kindergarteners to fifth graders. Program director Leslie Harper describes the structure of the school in that each classroom is led by an elder who is fluent in Ojibwemowin paired with a trained instructor who also teaches in the native language. Along with typical school

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Research has been done in Ojibwe communities to prove the important role language revitalization has in treating health concerns. The use of language connects a community through shared views and supports the well-being of said community. Researchers found that language and the notion of culture were

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Ojibwe educators and scholars across the region are working with the remaining elders who speak Ojibwemowin, known as the First Speakers, so as to document and learn the language in hopes to preserve it and pass it on to the next generation of speakers. In recent years, historian and Ojibwe professor

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mandated the phasing-out of the Native American boarding school program, the practice of sending youth to these institutions continued into the 1960s and 1970s. Because children were forced to live away from their home communities, many never had the opportunity to hear and use their native language.

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dialects of Ojibwe, and also by other groups south of the Great Lakes, including the Winnebago and by a group of unknown affiliation identified only as "Assistaeronon." The political decline of the Hurons in the 18th century and the ascendancy of Ojibwe-speaking groups including the Ottawa led to the

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Many of these Ojibwe language immersion schools are also considering the question as to whether or not they should include English instruction. Some research suggests that learning to write in one’s first language is important prior to learning a second language. Therefore, many schools include some

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With the remaining population of native speakers declining as older generations die off, many historians consider now an important point in the language's history that will determine if it will proliferate or become extinct. Ojibwe historian Anton Treuer estimates that there are about 1,000 speakers

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Lenis consonants have normal duration and are typically voiced intervocalically. Although they may be devoiced at the end or beginning of a word, they are less vigorously articulated than fortis consonants, and are invariably unaspirated. In the double vowel system, lenis consonants are written with

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of features through borrowing: "Extensive lexical, phonological, and perhaps grammatical borrowing—the diffusion of elements and features across language boundaries—appears to have been the major factor in giving the languages in the area of the Upper Great Lakes their generally similar cast, and it

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Two recent analyses of the relationships between the Ojibwe dialects are in agreement on the assignment of the strongly differentiated Ottawa dialect to a separate subgroup, and the assignment of Severn Ojibwe and Algonquin to another subgroup, and differ primarily with respect to the relationships

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Recently, there has been more of a push toward bringing the Ojibwe language back into more common use, through language classes and programs sponsored by universities, sometimes available to non-students, which are essential to passing on the Ojibwe language. These courses mainly target adults and

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initiative which forced Native American children to attend government-run boarding schools in an attempt to "acculturate" them into American society. Often far from their home communities, these schools attempted to remove any ties children had to their native culture and to limit their ability to

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Southwestern Ojibwe was the trade language. A widespread pattern of asymmetrical bilingualism is found in the area south of the Great Lakes in which speakers of Potawatomi or Menominee, both Algonquian languages, also spoke Ojibwe, but Ojibwe speakers did not speak the other languages. It is known

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of dialectal varieties since ... every dialect is at least partly intelligible to the speakers of the neighboring dialects." The degree of mutual intelligibility between nonadjacent dialects varies considerably; recent research has shown that there is strong differentiation between the Ottawa

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A 2014 study has indicated that learning Indigenous languages such as Ojibwe in school helps in learning the language and language structure; however, it does not help grow the use of the language outside of a school setting. The most effective way of promoting language is being surrounded by the

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The goal, as with many other language immersion schools across the country, is to meet state-mandated standards for curriculum in the native language. This can be a challenge as public education standards are rigorous with curriculum on complex mathematic and scientific concepts occurring at the

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devised by Charles Fiero. Although there is no standard orthography, the double vowel system is used by many Ojibwe language teachers because of its ease of use. A wide range of materials have been published in the system, including a grammar, dictionaries, collections of texts, and pedagogical

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Along with using the native language, Waadookodaading uses native ways of teaching in its education system. "Ojibwemowin, the Ojibwe language, is a language of action." Therefore, students are encouraged to learn the language by observing and by doing. For example, each spring the students at

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Reservation in northern Wisconsin. Most students come from English-speaking homes and are learning Ojibwemowin as their second language. At this school, instructors and elders teach the preschoolers to third graders entirely in the Ojibwe language, so that by the time that students complete

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A trade language is "a language customarily used for communication between speakers of different languages, even though it may be that neither speaker has the trade language as his dominant language" although "there is a relatively high degree of bilingualism involving the trade language."

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A Theoretical and Practical Grammar of the Otchipwe Language, the Language Spoken by the Chippewa Indians; Which Is Also Spoken by the Algonquin, Otawa and Potawatami Inidans, with Little Difference, For the Use of Missionaries and Other Persons Living Among the Indians of the Above Named

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Strong syllables that do not receive main stress are assigned at least secondary stress. In some dialects, metrically weak (unstressed) vowels at the beginning of a word are frequently lost. In the Ottawa and Eastern Ojibwe dialects, all metrically weak vowels are deleted. For example,

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The possibility that the proposed genetic subgrouping of Ojibwa and Potawatomi can also be accounted for as diffusion has also been raised: "The putative Ojibwa–Potawatomi subgroup is similarly open to question, but cannot be evaluated without more information on Potawatomi dialects."

757:. Based upon contemporary field research, J. R. Valentine also recognizes several other dialects: Berens Ojibwe in northwestern Ontario, which he distinguishes from Northwestern Ojibwe; North of (Lake) Superior; and Nipissing. The latter two cover approximately the same territory as 1278:. Based upon contemporary field research, Valentine also recognizes several other dialects: Berens Ojibwe in northwestern Ontario, which he distinguishes from Northwestern Ojibwe; North of (Lake) Superior; and Nipissing. The latter two cover approximately the same territory as 4069:

The Ojibwe People's Dictionary is an online language resource created in collaboration with the University of Minnesota. It is an accessible system that allows users to search in English or Ojibwe and includes voice recordings for many of the 17 000 entries in the collection.

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between the less strongly differentiated dialects. Rhodes and Todd recognize several different dialectal subgroupings within Ojibwe: (a) Ottawa; (b) Severn and Algonquian; (c) a third subgroup which is further divided into (i) a subgrouping of Northwestern Ojibwe and

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area, particularly in interactions with speakers of other Algonquian languages. Documentation of such usage dates from the 18th and 19th centuries, but earlier use is likely, with reports as early as 1703 suggesting that Ojibwe was used by different groups from the

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intertwined together instead of being separate concepts, and the people who regularly practiced their language and culture were often associated with more positive health outcomes, particularly for psychological health and mental well-being.

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Because the dialects of Ojibwe are at least partly mutually intelligible, Ojibwe is usually considered to be a single language with a number of dialects, i.e. Ojibwe is "... conventionally regarded as a single language consisting of a

1070:. The Ojibwe language is reported as spoken by a total of 8,791 people in the United States of which 7,355 are Native Americans and by as many as 47,740 in Canada, making it one of the largest Algic languages by numbers of speakers. 2583:, 'the tea'), in general, the Ojibwe language is notable for its relative lack of borrowing from other languages. Instead, speakers far prefer to create words for new concepts from existing vocabulary. For example in Minnesota 4185:. Because the Ojibwe language is traditionally oral, it is often difficult for educators to find adequate resources to develop the curriculum. Thus, through these school programs, the language is constantly evolving. 2284:(airplane(s), in the Southwestern Ojibwe dialect) is stressed as in the singular but as in the plural. In some other dialects, metrically weak (unstressed) vowels, especially "a" and "i", are reduced to a 1867:

sets, with these features having varying phonological analyses and phonetic realizations cross-dialectally. In some dialects, such as Severn Ojibwe, members of the fortis set are realized as a sequence of

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spoken in Manitoba by the descendants of "English, Scottish, and Orkney fur traders and their Cree or Saulteaux wives ...". Bungee incorporates elements of Cree; the name may be from the Ojibwe word

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are frequently viewed as being more closely related to each other than to other Algonquian languages. Ojibwe and Potawatomi have been proposed as likely candidates for forming a genetic subgroup within

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language, especially in a familial setting. This is difficult to replicate in schools, which is why speaking Ojibwe with family and in one's home life is important in growing language revitalization.

4632:"Various Languages Spoken (147), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data" 7024:—Online audio Ojibwe-English dictionary for the Anishinaabemowin language with 17,000+ words, 60,000 audio clips by Ojibwe elders from Minnesota and Ontario, and related images/documents/videos. 4108:

region. Teacher of the language Keller Paap approximates that most fluent speakers in the United States are over 70 years old, making exposure to spoken Ojibwemowin limited in many communities.

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that some speakers of Menominee also speak Ojibwe and that the pattern persisted into the 20th century. Similarly, bilingualism in Ojibwe is still common among Potawatomis who speak Potawatomi.

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Location of all Anishinaabe Reservations/Reserves and cities with an Anishinaabe population in North America, with diffusion rings about communities speaking Anishinaabe languages

2520:, used with commands), as negative or affirmative, and for the person, number, animacy, and proximate/obviative status of both the subject and object as well as for several different 8007: 9237: 8136: 1432:, with some vocabulary from Ojibwe, in addition to phonological influence in Michif-speaking communities where there is a significant Ojibwe influence. In locations such as 8146: 8141: 6376: 2659:

Like any language dialects spanning vast regions, some words that may have had identical meaning at one time have evolved to have different meanings today. For example,

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second and third grade levels. Ojibwe educators at these schools are constantly working with elders so as to design new ways to say lesser-used words in Ojibwe such as

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play a central role in Ojibwe grammar. Noun inflection and particularly verb inflection indicate a wide variety of grammatical information, realized through the use of

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by Dr. J. Randolph Valentine (1995)—a study in differences in vocabulary among different Anishinaabemowin-speaking communities, with accompanying dialectological maps.

4169: 1394:, another Algonquian language, used Ojibwe as a lingua franca. Other reports from the 18th century and the early 19th century indicate that speakers of the unrelated 6189:

Bakker, Peter and Anthony Grant. 1996. "Interethnic communication in Canada, Alaska and adjacent areas." Stephen A. Wurm, Peter Muhlhausler, Darrell T. Tyron, eds.,

2665:(literally 'small money' and used to refer to coins) specifically means 'dime' (10-cent piece) in the United States, but a 'quarter' (25-cent piece) in Canada, or 2151:. Some arising predictably by rule in all analyses, and other long nasal vowels are of uncertain phonological status. The latter have been analysed as underlying 2266:

and a maximum of two syllables, with each foot containing a maximum of one strong syllable. The structure of the metrical foot defines the domain for relative

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Hermes, M. (2007). Moving Toward the Language: Reflections on Teaching in an Indigenous-Immersion School. Journal of American Indian Education, 46(3), 54–71.

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Ojibwemowin is a relatively healthy indigenous language. The Waadookodaading Ojibwe Language Immersion School teaches all classes to children in Ojibwe only.

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CONJ:conjunct order:Ojibwe grammar#Verbs CONTR:contrastive particle:contrast (linguistics) DESD:desiderative:desiderative EMPH:emphatic particle:markedness

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in certain environments. In some practical orthographies such as the widely-used double vowel system, fortis consonants are written with voiceless symbols:

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has not been possible to find any shared innovations substantial enough to require the postulation of a genetically distinct Central Algonquian subgroup."

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visit home. Students were forced to speak English, cut their hair, dress in uniform, practise Christianity, and learn about European culture and history.

6851: 1960:. Although long and short vowels are phonetically distinguished by vowel quality, vowel length is phonologically relevant since the distinction between 9019: 6989: 4956: 4278: 2270:, in which a strong syllable is assigned stress because it is more prominent than the weak member of the foot. Typically, the strong syllable in the 2155:

and/or as predictable and derived by the operation of phonological rules from sequences of a long vowel and /n/ and another segment, typically /j/.

9242: 7760: 5675: 4858: 678:. There is no single dialect that is considered the most prestigious or most prominent, and no standard writing system that covers all dialects. 6609:ᑭᑎᓯᑭᓯᐍᐏᓂᓇᐣ : Anihshininiimowin Oji-Cree Dictionary (Severn River and Winisk River). Part One: Oji-Cree to English; Part Two: English to Oji-Cree 7990: 5817:

Margaret Noori (2011). "Waasechibiiwaabikoonsing Nd'anami'aami, 'Praying through a Wired Window': Using Technology to Teach Anishinaabemowin".

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Current census data indicate that all varieties of Ojibwe are spoken by approximately 56,531 people. This figure reflects census data from the

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This government assimilation effort caused widespread loss of language and culture among indigenous communities, including the Ojibwe people.

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While there is some variation in the classification of Ojibwe dialects, at a minimum the following are recognized, proceeding west to east:

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Noori, Margaret (2009). "Wenesh Waa Oshkii-Bmaadizijig Noondamowaad? What Will the Young Children Hear?" J. Reyhner and L. Lockhard (ed.).

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The double vowel system uses three short vowels, four long vowels, and eighteen consonants, represented with the following Roman letters:

835:, and its use does not indicate that the Central languages are more closely related to each other than to the other Algonquian languages. 7030:—Contains over 12,000 words from the Ojibwe languages known as Odawa (Ottawa), spoken along the shores of Lake Huron, and Eastern Ojibwe. 5745: 449: 945:

is more commonly employed in the United States and in southwestern Ontario among descendants of Ojibwe migrants from the United States.

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Whitehead, J. (Producer, Writer, & Editor). (2010). First Speakers: Restoring the Ojibwe Language . TPT Originals. Retrieved from:

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Whitehead, J. (Producer, writer, & Editor). (2010). First Speakers: Restoring the Ojibwe Language . TPT Originals. Retrieved from:

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during the historical period, with a small amount of linguistic documentation of the language in Oklahoma. The presence of Ojibwe in

2671:(literally 'thing to sit upon') means 'couch' or 'chair' in Canada, but is used to specifically mean 'saddle' in the United States. 9227: 8062: 7002:

A Theoretical and Practical Grammar of the Otchipwe Language for the Use of Missionaries and Other Persons Living Among the Indians

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See, e.g., Rhodes, Richard, 1985, for the Ottawa dialect; Nichols, John and Earl Nyholm, 1995, for the Southwestern Ojibwe dialect.

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in most versions) but rarely both. This system is called "double vowel" because the long vowel correspondences to the short vowels

1433: 6938: 729:. While there is some variation in the classification of its dialects, at least the following are recognized, from east to west: 6501:

Weshki-bimaadzijig ji-noondmowaad. 'That the young might hear': The stories of Andrew Medler as recorded by Leonard Bloomfield.

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through the educational system, many indigenous communities across the Great Lakes region are making efforts towards the Ojibwe

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devices. The source code is available for others interested in developing their own application for learning a native language.

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Cappel, Constance, editor, "Odawa Language and legends: Andrew J. Blackbird and Raymond Kiogima," Philadelphia: Xlibris, 2006.

6373: 2629:. These new words vary from region to region, and occasionally from community to community. For example, in Northwest Ontario 9207: 8826: 6677: 6646: 6579: 6404: 6198: 5936: 2674:

Cases like 'battery' and 'coffee' also demonstrate the often great difference between the literal meanings of the individual

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writing system, not related to English or French writing, is used by some Ojibwe speakers in northern Ontario and Manitoba.

9044: 7753: 7055: 663: 3900:{it is that} CONTR that- -then once EMPH PAST- {go and-} {fish with a net} -3PL/OBV.CONJ fish -OBV DESD- eat -3PL/OBV.CONJ 1401:

also used Ojibwe when dealing with Europeans and others. Other reports indicate that agents of the American government at

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subjects like reading and math, children are also taught indigenous skills such as maple sugar harvesting and archery.

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PBS Wisconsin Education. (February 11, 2020). Waadookodaading: Ojibwe Language Immersion School | The Ways . Youtube.

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There is no standard writing system used for all Ojibwe dialects. Local alphabets have been developed by adapting the

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Naasaab izhi-anishinaabebii'igeng: Conference report. A conference to find a common Anishinaabemowin writing system.

1464:'a little bit' or the Cree equivalent, but whether there is any other Ojibwe component in Bungee is not documented. 418: 9197: 9148: 7538: 5796: 5588: 3150: 3139: 1791: 1696: 965:

The Central languages share a significant number of common features. These features can generally be attributed to

242: 9024: 8277: 7956: 7746: 7419: 7081: 5887: 4079: 2113: 1378:, and along the north shore of Georgian Bay, the Ottawa dialect served as a trade language. In the area south of 461: 17: 3135: 236: 9192: 8757: 7852: 3929: 2481:(the third person deemed less important or out of focus). Nouns can be singular or plural in number and either 1204: 8325: 6503:

London, ON: The Centre for Teaching and Research of Canadian Native Languages, University of Western Ontario.

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are based on the French alphabet with letters organized into syllables. It was used primarily by speakers of

2412: 2408: 1797: 1702: 871:'nominalizer'), with varying spellings and pronunciations depending upon dialect. Some speakers use the term 539: 267: 6983: 6772:. American Indian literature and critical studies series, v. 6. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993. 6015:

Gonzalez, Miigis B.; Aronson, Benjamin D.; Kellar, Sidnee; Walls, Melissa L.; Greenfield, Brenna L. (2017).

4488: 3292:(Two Women), a story told by Earl Nyholm, on Professor Brian Donovan of Bemidji State University's webpage. 3146:, Potawatomi, and Winnebago, but there is some indirect evidence of use by speakers of Southwestern Ojibwe. 286: 8845: 8681: 8661: 8185: 7597: 7406: 7256: 7050: 4855: 2093: 2064: 1775: 1259: 804: 7001: 5576: 5568: 3199: 3195: 2462: 2458: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1918: 1911: 1907: 1873: 1869: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1495: 1491: 8803: 8567: 7937: 7619: 7506: 7501: 7291: 4101: 2374: 2370: 2314:

The general grammatical characteristics of Ojibwe are shared across its dialects. The Ojibwe language is

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Edited, translated and with a glossary by John O'Meara. Winnipeg: Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics.

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Rhodes, Richard. 1976. "A preliminary report on the dialects of Eastern Ojibwa – Odawa." W. Cowan, ed.,

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For Southwestern Ojibwe, see Nichols, John and Earl Nyholm, 1995; for Ottawa, see Rhodes, Richard, 1985.

7046: 3946:(missionary, who operated a printing press to print Ojibwe language educational and religious material) 2494: 2136: 1832: 1680: 1664: 9138: 8959: 8227: 7701: 7009: 6715:ᓂᓄᑕᐣ / Ninoontaan / I can hear it: Ojibwe stories from Lansdowne House written by Cecilia Sugarhead. 1781: 1499: 1208: 1063: 959: 4437: 4419: 4401: 4383: 4365: 4347: 4329: 4132:

Despite what they have faced in the American and Canadian Governments' attempt to force Ojibwe into

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morphology on nouns and particularly verbs carries significant amounts of grammatical information.

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Nitaawichige = "to Do Something Skillfully": Selected Poetry and Prose by Four Anishinaabe Writers

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A language of our own: The genesis of Michif, the mixed Cree-French language of the Canadian Métis

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look now {long ago} PAST- be so only EMPH there EMPH wigwam -LOC PAST.CONJ- live −3PL.CONJ EMPH.

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once PAST- {be in a certain place} -3PL two woman −3PL {old woman}, 3SG.POSS- daughter -OBV one.

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For Southwestern Ojibwe, see Nichols, John, 1981; for Ottawa, see Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001.

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2006 Canadian Census reported 32,460 total Ojibwe–Ottawa speakers less derived Ottawa of 7,564.

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Zagataagan – A Northern Ojibwe Dictionary. Volume 1: English-Ojibwe, Volume 2: Ojibwe-English

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Another notable program is that of the Niigaane Ojibwemowin Language Immersion School on the

3996: 3983: 3925: 3171: 2419: 2327: 1876:. Algonquin Ojibwe is reported as distinguishing fortis and lenis consonants on the basis of 1574: 1564: 1350:, was also used as a trade language east of the Great Lakes by speakers of the Nipissing and 8390: 6964: 5861:"Path of the Elders – Free Treaty 9 Games! Aboriginal Cree – First Nations history, culture" 1884:

than the corresponding lenis consonant, invariably voiceless, "vigorously articulated," and

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Native Languages: A Support Document for the Teaching of Language Patterns, Ojibwe and Cree

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mii dash iw- -apii aabiding igo gii- awi- bagida'w -aawaad, giigoonh -yan wii- amw -aawaad.

2346: 2267: 1973: 1718: 1444: 1429: 1402: 1228: 667: 177: 8350: 6414:. New York: Garland. (Published version of PhD dissertation, University of Toronto, 1974) 5974: 5411: 5297:

For discussion of the rule in the Ottawa dialect, see Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, p. 54.

4513: 8: 9262: 9072: 8798: 8762: 8438: 8307: 8208: 7576: 7568: 7543: 7479: 7424: 7383: 7284: 7201: 7149: 7135: 7074: 6611:. Nichols, John D. et al., editors. Sioux Lookout: Kwayaciiwin Education Resource Centre. 6563:. Thunder Bay, Ontario: Native Language Instructors' program, Lakehead University, 1996. 6462:

Rhodes, Richard and Evelyn Todd. 1981. "Subarctic Algonquian languages." June Helm, ed.,

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Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas

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Ab-Original: Journal of Indigenous Studies and First Nations' and First Peoples' Culture

4031:

Anna Gibbs (well-known Ponemah elder, story-teller, and spiritual and ceremonial leader)

2377:. While verb-final orders are dispreferred, all logically possible orders are attested. 1498:

in its place. Some dialects have both segments phonetically, but only one is present in

9202: 9029: 8772: 8707: 8549: 8486: 8471: 8340: 8262: 8257: 8054: 8024: 7886: 7827: 7669: 7613: 7603: 7496: 7376: 7329: 7232: 6253:

Goddard, Ives. 1979. "Comparative Algonquian." Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun, eds,

6049: 6016: 5842: 5834: 5830: 4915: 4283: 3170:

around 1840 to write Cree. The syllabic system is based in part on Evans' knowledge of

3131: 2513: 2470: 2432: 2427: 2404: 2319: 2259: 2255: 2251: 1881: 1531: 1526: 1494:

in their inventory of consonant phonemes; Severn Ojibwe and the Algonquin dialect have

1440: 1398: 1391: 1351: 1275: 1067: 844: 816: 730: 726: 388: 6935: 4467: 4466:

Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020).

3154:

grammars. In northern Ontario and Manitoba, Ojibwe is most commonly written using the

2247:

Placement of word stress is determined by metrical rules that define a characteristic

403: 9252: 8752: 8702: 8557: 8539: 8534: 8514: 8509: 8461: 8395: 8029: 7676: 7608: 7548: 7523: 7512: 7465: 7430: 7413: 6855: 6788: 6773: 6749: 6733: 6718: 6703: 6688: 6673: 6658: 6633: 6597: 6589: 6575: 6564: 6541: 6519: 6504: 6452: 6437: 6415: 6400: 6385: 6361: 6346: 6331: 6316: 6287: 6272: 6194: 6179: 6164: 6054: 6036: 5994: 5975:"Ojibwe language revitalization, multimedia technology, and family language learning" 5942: 5932: 5909: 5846: 5637:

https://www.pbs.org/video/tpt-documentaries-first-speakers-restoring-ojibwe-language/

5617:

https://www.pbs.org/video/tpt-documentaries-first-speakers-restoring-ojibwe-language/

5231:

Bloomfield, Leonard, 1958, p. 8; Rhodes, Richard, 1985, pp. xliv, xlvii, xlix, l, li.

4268: 3955: 3890: 3825: 3707:

inashke naa mewinzha gii- aawan mii eta go imaa sa wiigiwaam -ing gaa- daa -waad igo.

3687: 3665: 3283: 2437: 2120: 1915: 1877: 1551: 1541: 1298: 1255: 1243: 1223: 754: 746: 368: 318: 7071:

Ojibwe Language Math Supplements Learner Outcomes K–6 Culturally Relevant Curriculum

6865: 6484: 4877: 4662:"Census in Brief: The Aboriginal languages of First Nations people, Métis and Inuit" 467: 9090: 8747: 8737: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8636: 8631: 8621: 8587: 8529: 8476: 8423: 8385: 8330: 8292: 8252: 8222: 8131: 8111: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7874: 7847: 7625: 7400: 7356: 7312: 7242: 7143: 6044: 6028: 5986: 5931:(1st unabridged ed.). Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 5899: 5826: 5542: 4293: 4260: 4137: 3522: 3127: 2078: 1864: 1860: 1473: 1406: 1395: 1343: 1056: 828: 608: 563: 6486:

Characteristics of American Indians and Alaska Natives by Tribe and Language: 2000

6311:

Nichols, John. 1996. "The Cree syllabary." Peter Daniels and William Bright, eds.

4882:

Characteristics of American Indians and Alaska Natives by Tribe and Language: 2000

9257: 8742: 8732: 8727: 8686: 8595: 8562: 8519: 8466: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8405: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8345: 8287: 8090: 8085: 7916: 7911: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7820: 7815: 7713: 7340: 7334: 7118: 7070: 6993: 6968: 6954: 6942: 6872: 6380: 6330:. Winnipeg: Publications of the Algonquian Text Society, University of Manitoba. 6233: 6116: 6073: 5904: 5726: 5595: 4862: 4538: 3977: 3921: 2288:

and depending on the writer, may be transcribed as "i", "e" or "a". For example,

2271: 1558: 1546: 1454: 1421: 1410: 1267: 1236: 1215:

in the Ojibwe language. As of 2011, Ojibwe is the official language of Red Lake.

926: 792: 777: 773: 206: 172: 164: 8355: 6032: 5961:

Indigenous Language Revitalization: Encouragement, Guidance, and Lessons Learned

4168:—is that of the Waadookodaading Ojibwe Language Immersion School located on the 4160:

in recent years. One of the most notable programs—developed by Ojibwe educators

3537:

Inashke naa mewinzha gii-aawan, mii eta go imaa sa wiigiwaaming gaa-taawaad igo.

764:

The aggregated dialects of Ojibwemowin comprise the second most commonly spoken

9247: 9067: 8974: 8969: 8939: 8676: 8626: 8600: 8499: 8360: 8302: 7906: 7881: 7810: 7729: 7721: 7652: 7646: 7553: 7347: 6882: 4288: 4133: 4021:(historian, author, linguistic professor, first Ojibwe person to graduate from 3943: 3721:

Mii dash iwapii, aabiding igo gii-awi-bagida'waawaad, giigoonyan wii-amwaawaad.

2309: 1425: 1390:

Reports from traders and travellers as early as 1744 indicate that speakers of

900: 800: 796: 738: 675: 378: 216: 6142: 998: 791:

The Algonquian language family of which Ojibwemowin is itself a member of the

9181: 8666: 8272: 8267: 8095: 7458: 7272: 7183: 7174: 6828: 6040: 5998: 5946: 5913: 4425: 4407: 4389: 4371: 4353: 4335: 4317: 4232: 3949: 3647: 3467: 2447: 2315: 2171: 2035: 1383: 1379: 1324: 1311: 812: 769: 145: 5860: 4795:

Goddard, Ives, 1978, pp. 585–586; Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, pp. 100–102.

9057: 8954: 8949: 8924: 8767: 8671: 8428: 7453: 7445: 7063: 6845: 6058: 4687: 4042: 4018: 3858: 3420:

aabiding gii- ayaa -wag niizh ikwe -wag mindimooyenh, o- daanis -an bezhig.

3143: 3123: 1965: 1961: 1949: 1647: 1488: 1450: 1359: 1040: 1024: 808: 772:), and the fourth most widely spoken in the United States or Canada behind 710: 690: 226: 131: 111: 8572: 7047:

Part I: English-Otchipwe and Part II: Otchipwe-English in the 1853 edition

6947: 6820:—Syllabary fonts and keyboard emulators are also available from this site. 5797:"Ojibwe Language Classes for Nondegree Students | American Indian Studies" 383: 373: 363: 353: 343: 333: 323: 313: 304: 61: 9100: 8979: 8934: 8868: 8413: 7738: 6965:

Native Languages: A Support Document for the Teaching of Language Patters

6432:

Rhodes, Richard. 1982. "Algonquian trade languages." William Cowan, ed.,

6246:

Goddard, Ives. 1978. "Central Algonquian Languages." Bruce Trigger, ed.,

6239:

Feest, Johanna, and Christian Feest. 1978. "Ottawa." Bruce Trigger, ed.,

4149: 4140:

by similarly using the school system. Largely inspired by the success of

2248: 2236: 2218: 2204: 2198: 2189: 2183: 2166: 2148: 2047: 2030: 1972:, which characterizes the Ottawa and Eastern Ojibwe dialects, as well as 1945: 1822: 1315: 831:. Central Algonquian is a geographical term of convenience rather than a 6892: 6102: 5649: 3903:

And at that time, once they went net-fishing; they intended to eat fish.

2545: 8929: 8919: 8504: 7968: 7237: 7216: 6761: 6744: 5990: 4997: 4995: 4430: 4412: 4394: 4376: 4358: 4340: 4322: 4100:

of Ojibwe left in the United States, most residing in Minnesota on the

3967: 3785: 3773: 3699: 3659: 3626: 3606: 3569: 3487: 3383: 3315: 2423: 2362: 2331: 2228: 2176: 2128: 2040: 1904: 1506:

in a small number of affective vocabulary items in addition to regular

1375: 1332: 966: 8837: 8177: 6913:

featuring audio recording made by William Jones between 1903 and 1905.

4608: 4606: 987: 9115: 9095: 9009: 8999: 8984: 8944: 8418: 7191: 6837: 6621:

Mitchell, Mary. 1988. Eds. J. Randolph Valentine and Lisa Valentine.

4472: 4443:(Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box) 4157: 4153: 4034: 4008: 4004: 3884: 3846: 3819: 3405: 3163: 3159: 2397: 2212: 2107: 1872:

followed by a single segment drawn from the set of lenis consonants:

1856: 1729: 1596: 1484: 1371: 1287: 1036: 1032: 706: 702: 396: 297: 278: 259: 127: 123: 6536:

Walker, Willard. 1996. "Native writing systems." Ives Goddard, ed.,

6159:

Bakker, Peter. 1991. "The Ojibwa element in Michif." W. Cowan, ed.,

5676:"Learning a Native Language? Ojibway Programmer Has an App For That" 4992: 4732: 4730: 4728: 438: 8897: 6910: 5700: 4603: 4254: 4073: 4000: 3518:{over there} big- bowstring -LOC {that way} PAST- {come from} -3PL. 3299:

Aabiding gii-ayaawag niizh ikwewag: mindimooyenh, odaanisan bezhig.

3175: 2675: 2500:

Verbs, the most complex word class, are inflected for one of three

2323: 2263: 1515: 1052: 1028: 1020: 722: 698: 479: 119: 107: 79: 73: 7087: 5141:

Alex DeCoteau, Turtle Mountain Chippewa member and Ojibwe speaker.

426: 9034: 8989: 8964: 8909: 8871: 4930:"At White Earth, hymns a unique part of a renewed Ojibwe culture" 4725: 4012: 3426:

Once there were two women: an old lady, and one of her daughters.

3286:

dialect, is taken, with permission, from the first four lines of

2490: 2486: 2482: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2152: 1957: 1591: 1044: 1016: 714: 694: 686: 671: 475: 135: 115: 103: 6732:. Munsee-Delaware Nation, ON: Anishinaabe Kendaaswin Pub, 1995. 1510:. Some dialects may have otherwise non-occurring sounds such as 681:

Dialects of Ojibwemowin are spoken in Canada, from southwestern

9166: 9105: 8994: 8914: 8879: 7717: 7196: 6328:

The dog's children. Anishinaabe texts told by Angeline Williams

4764: 4762: 4760: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4145: 4055: 3103: 2393: 2389: 1048: 1012: 718: 682: 504: 494: 446: 99: 6533:

Second Edition. Ramsey, Minnesota: Ojibwe Language Publishing.

6480:. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 6304:

Nichols, John. 1995. "The Ojibwe verb in "Broken Oghibbeway."

6267:

Kegg, Maude. 1991. Edited and transcribed by John D. Nichols.

4465: 7021: 6876: 4803: 4801: 4028:

Archie Mosay (medicine man and elder, mentor of Anton Treuer)

2477:(the third person deemed more important or in focus) and the 2285: 1212: 9233:

Indigenous languages of the North American eastern woodlands

6538:

The Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 17. Languages

6241:

The Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15. Northeast

5650:"Ojibway Language program for teachers students and schools" 4957:"Native American Language Revitalization on Red Lake Agenda" 4757: 4580: 4540:

A Theoretical and Practical Grammar of the Otchipwe Language

4049: 3938:

A theoretical and practical grammar of the Otchipwe language

3713:

See now, it was long ago; they just lived there in a wigwam.

3218:

are written with a doubled value. In this system, the nasal

2645:, 'to be uplifted by the wind') as opposed to the Minnesota 1436:

individuals of Ojibwe ancestry now speak Michif and Ojibwe.

8901: 7028:

Nishnaabemwin: Odawa & Eastern Ojibwe online dictionary

6683:

Northrup, Jim, Marcie R. Rendon, and Linda LeGarde Grover.

6655:

Anishinaabemodaa: Becoming a successful Ojibwe eavesdropper

6625:. Thunder Bay: Native Language Office, Lakehead University. 6483:

U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census of Population and Housing.

6469:

Smith, Huron H. 1932. "Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians."

6464:

The Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 6. Subarctic

6262:

The Handbook of North American Indians Volume 17: Languages

5177:

See e.g. Nichols, John, 1981, p. 6 for Southwestern Ojibwe.

4902:

Ethnologue reported 8,000 less 2000 US Census reported 436.

4880:

U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census of Population and Housing,

4564: 4562: 4059: 2342: 2338: 1991:, which lacks a corresponding short vowel. The short vowel 1328: 629: 611: 584: 566: 6748:. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2001. 6540:, 158–184. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution. 6014: 4798: 3149:

A widely used Roman character-based writing system is the

2639:, literally 'device that gets uplifted by the wind' (from 2549:

Names of the Great Lakes and surrounding regions in Ojibwe

889:

is widely recognized by Severn speakers. Some speakers of

617: 572: 478:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

7041:

Dictionary of the Otchipwe Language, Explained in English

6243:, 772–786. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution. 4063: 2493:

exist but are used mainly for emphasis; they distinguish

1483:

All dialects of Ojibwe generally have an inventory of 17

1011:

Ojibwe communities are found in Canada from southwestern

620: 575: 6770:

Summer in the Spring Anishinaabe Lyric Poems and Stories

6672:. Sioux Lookout: Kwayaciiwin Education Resource Centre. 6561:

Introductory Ojibwe in Severn dialect. Parts one and two

6260:

Goddard, Ives. 1996. "Introduction." Ives Goddard, ed.,

6248:

Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15, Northeast

4559: 4491:. ISO 639-2 Registration Authority – Library of Congress 4152:, similar school programs have been starting throughout 2623:('black liquid-medicine') by many speakers, rather than 2553:

Although it does contain a few loans from English (e.g.

6657:. Winnipeg: Manitoba Association for Native Languages. 6466:, 52–66. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution. 6206:

Eastern Ojibwa: Grammatical sketch, texts and word list

5888:"Making Native-Language Policy in Ontario in the 1980s" 3190:

a aa b ch d e g h ' i ii j k m n o oo p s sh t w y z zh

2678:

in a word, and the overall meaning of the entire word.

2294:(Sunday, literally 'prayer day') may be transcribed as 1342:

Documentation from the 17th century indicates that the

1047:. Groups of speakers of the Ottawa dialect migrated to 6805: 6745:

Living our language: Ojibwe tales & oral histories

6264:, 1–16. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution. 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5342:

Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, Chapters 5–8; pp. 62–72.

4834:

Rhodes, Richard, and Evelyn Todd, 1981, p. 54, Fig. 2.

4516:. ISO 639-3 Registration Authority – SIL International 4054:

An "Ojibway Language and People" app is available for

2469:

There is a distinction between two different types of

1211:

reservations are known for their tradition of singing

6765:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2010. 6586:

The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice

4552: 4550: 4548: 2400:. Grammatical characteristics include the following: 1502:. The Ottawa and Southwestern Ojibwe (Chippewa) have 1362:, the Nipissing dialect was a trade language. In the 1310:

Several different Ojibwe dialects have functioned as

638: 626: 593: 581: 9238:

Indigenous languages of the North American Subarctic

6478:

A grammar of the Ojibwa language: The Severn dialect

6326:

Nichols, John D. and Leonard Bloomfield, eds. 1991.

6284:

The Michif dictionary: Turtle Mountain Chippewa Cree

4843:

Feest, J. and Feest, C., 1978; Dawes, Charles, 1982.

4208: 4189:

level of English education at certain grade levels.

4041:, first Indigenous person to hold this office since 3287: 3097: 3089: 3081: 3073: 3065: 3057: 3049: 3041: 3033: 3025: 3017: 3009: 3001: 2993: 2985: 2977: 2969: 2961: 2953: 2945: 2937: 2929: 2921: 2913: 2905: 2897: 2880: 2872: 2864: 2856: 2848: 2840: 2832: 2824: 2816: 2808: 2800: 2792: 2784: 2776: 2768: 2760: 2752: 2744: 2736: 2728: 2720: 2712: 2704: 2696: 2666: 2660: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2578: 2572: 2560: 2554: 2295: 2289: 2279: 1459: 916: 910: 904: 894: 884: 878: 872: 866: 860: 854: 848: 623: 578: 45: 6866:

Comprehensive list of learning resources for Ojibwe

5973:Hermes, Mary; King, Kendall A. (February 1, 2013). 5622: 4914:Gordon, Raymond, 2005. See online version of same: 3515:

iwidi chi- achaabaan -ing akeyaa gii- onjibaa -wag.

1004:

Pre-contact distribution of Ojibwe and its dialects

614: 569: 445:Ojibwe is classified as Severely Endangered by the 6117:"Waadookodading: Ojibwe Language Immersion School" 6074:"Waadookodading: Ojibwe Language Immersion School" 6017:"Language as a Facilitator of Cultural Connection" 5727:"Waadookodading: Ojibwe Language Immersion School" 4688:"Waadookodading: Ojibwe Language Immersion School" 4545: 3958:(educator, curator, essayist, cultural ambassador) 3174:and his prior experience developing a distinctive 877:. The general term in Oji-Cree (Severn Ojibwe) is 6618:. Maniwaki, QC: River Desert Education Authority. 6161:Papers of the Twenty-second Algonquian Conference 5776:American Indian Studies | College of Liberal Arts 5504:Nichols, John and Leonard Bloomfield, eds., 1991. 5028:Rhodes, Richard and E. Todd, 1981, p. 61, Fig. 5. 4878:https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-5-pt1.pdf 4279:List of endangered languages in the United States 9179: 6496:. PhD dissertation, University of Texas, Austin. 5654:Ogoki Learning Systems Inc. iPhone App Developer 5408:"Words Borrowed From English/French Into Ojibwe" 4910: 4908: 4074:U.S. government attempt to erase native language 3952:(chief, missionary, writer, cultural ambassador) 2686:Below are some examples of common Ojibwe words. 6250:, 583–587. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. 5073:Bakker, Peter and Anthony Grant, 1996, p. 1116. 5055:Bakker, Peter and Anthony Grant, 1996, p. 1117. 4873: 4871: 4078:In the late 19th century, the American federal 3178:writing system for Ojibwe in southern Ontario. 1416: 948: 670:. The language is characterized by a series of 6834:Letter Men: Brothers Fight for Ojibwe Language 6702:. Rama, ON: Mnjikaning Kendaaswin Publishers. 6623:Introductory Ojibwe (Severn dialect), Part one 6529:Vollom, Judith L. and Thomas M. Vollom. 1994. 6434:Papers of the thirteenth Algonquian conference 6315:, 599–611. New York: Oxford University Press. 6282:Laverdure, Patline and Ida Rose Allard. 1983. 5816: 4980:Rhodes, Richard, and Evelyn Todd, 1981, p. 52. 4954: 3917:Notable speakers of Anishinaabemowin include: 3378: 2861:'he/she is fishing' (lit. 'he/she makes fish') 2262:syllable. A foot consists of a minimum of one 8853: 8193: 7984: 7754: 7103: 7060:Part II: Otchipwe-English in the 1880 edition 7015: 6893:First Speakers: Restoring the Ojibwe Language 6607:Kwayaciiwin Education Resource Centre. 2014. 6269:Portage Lake: Memories of an Ojibwe Childhood 6097: 6095: 5733:. Wisconsin Educational Communications Board. 5405: 5239: 5237: 5204:Nichols, John and Earl Nyholm, 1995, p. xxvi. 4927: 4905: 4127: 3434:Iwidi Chi-achaabaaning akeyaa gii-onjibaawag. 2465:third-person, marked on both verbs and nouns. 795:language family, other Algic languages being 9144:Joseph K. Lumsden Bahweting Anishnabe School 7056:Part I: English-Otchipwe in the 1878 edition 6257:, 70–132. Austin: University of Texas Press. 6123:. Wisconsin Communications Educational Board 6080:. Wisconsin Educational Communications Board 4868: 3879: 3814: 3736: 3508: 3336: 2566: 1995:typically has phonetic values centring on ; 51: 27:Central Algonquian language of North America 6427:Papers of the seventh Algonquian conference 6345:. St. Paul: University of Minnesota Press. 6143:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wk5uETec9x8 5929:Frontiers in american children's literature 5611: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 4722:Nichols, John and Earl Nyholm, 1995, p. 10. 4514:"Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: oji" 4506: 4489:"Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: oji" 4481: 3526: 3277: 2540: 1039:, with a number of communities in northern 674:that have local names and frequently local 8860: 8846: 8200: 8186: 7991: 7977: 7768: 7761: 7747: 7110: 7096: 6471:Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 6397:Talking Gookom's language: Learning Ojibwe 6208:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 6092: 5972: 5926: 5513:Vollom, Judith and Thomas M. Vollom, 1994. 5396:Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, pp. 623–643. 5387:Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, pp. 837–856. 5378:Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, pp. 830–837. 5360:Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, pp. 759–782. 5324:Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, pp. 934–935. 5234: 5222:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, pp. 123–124. 5186:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, pp. 124–125. 5101: 5099: 5097: 4736:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, p. 1, Fn. 2. 4094: 977: 437: 425: 60: 6971:"CO" and Lac Seul Ojibwe "WO") and Cree ( 6809:: People Who Speak Anishinaabemowin Today 6647:Aaniin Ekidong: Ojibwe Vocabulary Project 6449:Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary 6271:. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press. 6048: 5903: 5019:Rhodes, Richard and E. Todd, 1981, p. 52. 4704:Goddard, Ives, 1978; Goddard, Ives, 1979. 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4219:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal 4050:Mobile learning apps and online resources 3772: 3698: 3625: 3605: 3382: 1355:replacement of Huron as a lingua franca. 1227:Ontario Heritage Plaque in Ojibwe at the 1027:; and in the United States from northern 717:, as well as groups that were removed to 7998: 6650:. St. Paul: Minnesota Humanities Center. 6518:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 6343:A concise dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe 6220:Dictionary English-Ottawa Ottawa-English 6193:, 1107–1170. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 5927:Clark, Dorothy; Salem, Linda C. (2016). 5600: 5315:Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, pp. 51–55. 5010:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, pp. 42–43. 3999:, poet, and missionary to the Ojibwe in 2544: 2196: 2091: 2062: 2039: 1428:that primarily is based upon French and 1413:spoke Ojibwe as an "acquired language." 1297: 1222: 450:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 9243:Native American language revitalization 8867: 8207: 6936:Rand Valentine's introduction to Ojibwe 6844:broadcast show, interviewing Anton and 6584:Hinton, Leanne and Kenneth Hale. 2001. 6429:, 129–156. Ottawa: Carleton University. 6301:. PhD dissertation, Harvard University. 6286:. Winnipeg, MB: Pemmican Publications. 5673: 5540: 5094: 5001:J. Randolph Valentine, 1994, pp. 43–44. 4851: 4849: 4600:Rhodes, Richard, and Evelyn Todd, 1981. 3974:(narrator, artist, cultural ambassador) 3226:. The allowable consonant clusters are 915:, with the latter term also applied to 838: 550:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 540:Canadian Aboriginal syllabic characters 472:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 9180: 7034:Ojibwe Dialect Relations: Lexical Maps 6929: 6384:Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario. 6163:, 11–20. Ottawa: Carleton University. 6010: 6008: 5819:Studies in American Indian Literatures 5744:Pember, Mary Annette (March 8, 2019). 5743: 5076: 4786:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, pp. 3–4. 4745:Nichols, John and Earl Nyholm, p. 105. 4615: 3889: 3824: 3686: 3664: 3222:as a final element is instead written 3181: 2015:is pronounced for many speakers, and 909:, although the general designation is 78: 72: 8841: 8181: 7972: 7742: 7091: 6967:—Basic language patterns for Ojibwe ( 6630:The Languages of Native North America 6436:, 1–10. Ottawa: Carleton University. 6341:Nichols, John and Earl Nyholm. 1995. 6178:. New York: Oxford University Press. 6103:https://www.jstor.org/stable/24398543 5369:Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, p. 759. 5351:Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, p. 178. 5333:Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001, p. 114. 4955:Meurs, Michael (September 21, 2011). 4612:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, p. 456. 3646: 3466: 2593:, literally 'thing that flies' (from 2274:foot is assigned the primary stress. 1439:Ojibwe borrowings have been noted in 803:. Ojibwe is sometimes described as a 6852:Language and Meaning—An Ojibwe Story 5885: 5037:J. Randolph Valentine, 1994, pp. 39. 4846: 3857: 2681: 2654: 2605:, literally 'little fire-box' (from 2495:inclusive and exclusive first-person 1983:and three corresponding long vowels 664:indigenous language of North America 9015:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers 7117: 6687:. Duluth, MN: Poetry Harbor, 2002. 6215:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 6005: 5567:For Southwestern Ojibwe, which has 5450:Walker, Willard, 1996, pp. 168–172. 5306:Valentine, J. Randoph, 2001, p. 53. 4777:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, p. 2. 4713:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, p. 1. 4577:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, p. 6. 3934:Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette 3912: 2369:sentence are verb-initial, such as 1987:in addition to a fourth long vowel 118:, British Columbia; United States: 24: 6948:Grammar, lessons, and dictionaries 6785:Gdi-nweninaa: Our sound, our voice 6553: 6114: 6071: 5979:Language Learning & Technology 5867:. BlackCherry Digital Media, et al 5839:10.5250/studamerindilite.23.2.0003 5831:10.5250/studamerindilite.23.2.0003 5724: 5680:Indian Country Today Media Network 4961:Indian Country Today Media Network 4928:Dan Gunderson (January 14, 2013). 4454:The Linguistics Student's Handbook 4311: 3784: 3658: 3568: 3521:They were from over there towards 3486: 3314: 2617:, 'box'). Even 'coffee' is called 1968:correlates with the occurrence of 1944:All dialects of Ojibwe have seven 925:. Other local terms are listed in 709:, with a number of communities in 25: 9274: 9223:Indigenous languages of Minnesota 9213:First Nations languages in Canada 9124:Anishinabek Educational Institute 6799: 6787:. Peterborough, ON: Neganigwane. 6730:Kidwenan, An Ojibwe Language Book 6399:. Lac Seul, ON: Mazinaate Press. 5886:Long, John S. (October 1, 2006). 5132:Bakker, Peter, 1996, pp. 264–270. 4088:Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 3989:Keller Paap (educator and author) 3883: 3845: 3818: 3404: 3111: 2235: 2217: 2203: 2197: 2188: 2135: 2119: 2112: 2098: 2092: 2083: 2069: 2063: 2052: 2007:typically has values centring on 1999:typically has values centring on 1841: 1831: 1809: 1796: 1790: 1780: 1774: 1751: 1741: 1717: 1711: 1701: 1695: 1685: 1679: 1669: 1663: 1646: 1636: 1626: 1616: 1606: 1573: 1563: 1487:. Most dialects have the segment 1314:or trade languages in the circum- 786: 697:; and in the United States, from 157:(50,000 cited 1990–2016 censuses) 8160: 8159: 7951: 7950: 6829:Native Languages page for Ojibwe 6643:Moose, Lawrence L. et al. 2009. 6412:Aspects of Odawa morphophonemics 6135: 6108: 6065: 5966: 5953: 5920: 5879: 5853: 5810: 5789: 5764: 5737: 5718: 5701:"The Ojibwe People's Dictionary" 5693: 5674:Dadigan, Marc (April 12, 2013). 5667: 5642: 5252:Bloomfield, Leonard, 1958, p. 8. 4436: 4418: 4400: 4382: 4364: 4346: 4328: 4253: 4239: 4225: 4211: 3140:Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics 2318:, exhibiting characteristics of 1903:All dialects of Ojibwe have two 1346:(also called Huron), one of the 1293: 997: 986: 853:'speaking the native language' ( 607: 562: 530: 243:Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics 233:in Canada and the United States) 9228:Indigenous languages of Montana 7082:Dictionnaire français-algonquin 6632:. Cambridge: University Press. 6516:Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar 6255:The languages of Native America 5892:Historical Studies in Education 5582: 5561: 5534: 5525: 5516: 5507: 5498: 5489: 5480: 5471: 5462: 5453: 5444: 5435: 5426: 5399: 5390: 5381: 5372: 5363: 5354: 5345: 5336: 5327: 5318: 5309: 5300: 5291: 5282: 5273: 5264: 5255: 5246: 5225: 5216: 5207: 5198: 5195:Rhodes, Richard, 1985, p. xlvi. 5189: 5180: 5171: 5162: 5153: 5144: 5135: 5126: 5117: 5108: 5091:Rhodes, Richard, 1982, pp. 3–4. 5085: 5067: 5058: 5049: 5040: 5031: 5022: 5013: 5004: 4983: 4974: 4948: 4921: 4896: 4887: 4856:U.S. English Foundation: Ojibwa 4837: 4828: 4825:Goddard, Ives, 1979, pp. 95–96. 4819: 4810: 4789: 4780: 4771: 4754:Baraga, Frederic, 1878, p. 336. 4748: 4739: 4716: 4707: 4698: 4680: 4654: 4594: 4080:Native American boarding school 3194:Dialects typically either have 1282:, which he does not recognize. 761:, which he does not recognize. 693:, with outlying communities in 6902:Ojibwe Stories: Gaganoonididaa 6514:Valentine, J. Randolph. 2001. 6499:Valentine, J. Randolph. 1998. 6492:Valentine, J. Randolph. 1994. 6489:. Retrieved on March 31, 2009. 5213:Rhodes, Richard, 1985, p. xli. 4918:. Retrieved November 12, 2009. 4884:. PHC-5. Washington, DC, 2003. 4865:. Retrieved November 12, 2009. 4571: 4459: 4446: 2599:, 'to fly'), and 'battery' is 2512:, used for participles and in 1256:Southwestern Ojibwe (Chippewa) 755:Southwestern Ojibwe (Chippewa) 13: 1: 8975:Mishi-ginebig ("great snake") 6897:Twin Cities Public Television 6451:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 6360:. Winnipeg: Mazinaate Press. 6152: 5486:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1998. 5279:Nichols, John, 1980, pp. 6–7. 4989:Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994. 4768:Valentine, J. Randolph, 2001. 4591:Nichols, John, 1980, pp. 1–2. 4274:Canadian Aboriginal syllabics 4198:Leech Lake Indian Reservation 3964:(missionary, reverend, chief) 2559:, 'coffee') and French (e.g. 2535: 2489:in gender. Separate personal 1979:There are three short vowels 1478: 1434:Turtle Mountain, North Dakota 859:'native person,' verb suffix 9208:Central Algonquian languages 9134:Canadian residential schools 8682:Labrador Inuit Pidgin French 7051:Wisconsin Historical Society 6818:Language Geek Page on Ojibwe 6668:Ningewance, Patricia. 1996. 6653:Ningewance, Patricia. 1990. 6494:Ojibwe dialect relationships 6395:Ningewance, Patricia. 2004. 6371:Ningewance, Patricia. 1999. 6356:Ningewance, Patricia. 1993. 6236:Retrieved on March 31, 2009. 5064:Rhodes, Richard, 1982, p. 1. 5046:Rhodes, Richard, 1982, p. 2. 2326:-to-word ratio. Ojibwe is a 2234: 2216: 2187: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2134: 2118: 2111: 2082: 2051: 2034: 2029: 1859:consonants are divided into 1500:phonological representations 1467: 1417:Influence on other languages 949:Relationship with Potawatomi 903:is sometimes referred to as 843:The most general Indigenous 7: 8804:Plains Indian Sign Language 7938:Plains Indian Sign Language 7724:language • 7313:Quiripi–Naugatuck–Unquachog 7292:Massachusett Pidgin English 7039:Baraga, Frederic (Bishop). 6871:September 23, 2012, at the 6783:Williams, Shirley I. 2002. 6313:The world's writing systems 6211:Bloomfield, Leonard. 1962. 6204:Bloomfield, Leonard. 1958. 6033:10.5325/aboriginal.1.2.0176 5543:"About the Ojibwe Language" 5522:Ningewance, Patricia, 1993. 5459:Smith, Huron, 1932, p. 335. 5432:Ningewance, Patricia, 1999. 4916:Ethnologue entry for Ottawa 4807:Goddard, Ives, 1979, p. 95. 4537:R. R. Bishop Baraga, 1878. 4204: 4102:Red Lake Indian Reservation 3288: 3098: 3090: 3082: 3074: 3066: 3058: 3050: 3042: 3034: 3026: 3018: 3010: 3002: 2994: 2986: 2978: 2970: 2962: 2954: 2946: 2938: 2930: 2922: 2914: 2906: 2898: 2881: 2873: 2865: 2857: 2849: 2841: 2833: 2825: 2817: 2809: 2801: 2793: 2785: 2777: 2769: 2761: 2753: 2745: 2737: 2729: 2721: 2713: 2705: 2697: 2667: 2661: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2579: 2573: 2561: 2555: 2296: 2290: 2280: 1460: 1364:Lower Peninsula of Michigan 1327:, and from as far south as 1218: 1192: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 917: 911: 905: 895: 893:refer to their language as 885: 879: 873: 867: 865:'speak a language,' suffix 861: 855: 849: 74:[anɪʃːɪnaːpeːmowɪn] 46: 10: 9279: 9218:Great Lakes tribal culture 8655:Pidgins, creoles and mixed 7853:Minnesota regional dialect 7073:: Math-related words from 7022:Ojibwe People's Dictionary 7016:Dictionaries and Wordlists 6978:Baraga, Frederic (Bishop) 6953:February 24, 2012, at the 6919:Oshkaabewis Native Journal 6713:Sugarhead, Cecilia. 1996. 6700:Ojibwe language dictionary 6232:December 25, 2018, at the 5905:10.32316/hse/rhe.v18i2.347 5594:December 12, 2013, at the 5579:, see Nichols, John, 1981. 5547:Ojibwe People's Dictionary 5150:Bloomfield, Leonard, 1962. 5105:Nichols, John, 1995, p. 1. 4861:November 29, 2010, at the 4816:Goddard, Ives, 1996, p. 4. 4568:Bloomfield, Leonard, 1958. 4128:Language immersion schools 3282:The sample text, from the 3115: 2307: 2303: 2258:syllable is followed by a 2227: 2211: 2182: 2127: 2106: 2077: 2046: 1976:patterns in the language. 1471: 1252:Western Ojibwe (Saulteaux) 1234: 933:, with variants including 768:language in Canada (after 743:Western Ojibwe (Saulteaux) 668:Algonquian language family 552: instead of syllabics. 80:[anɪʃɪnaːbeːmowɪn] 9157: 9139:Hannahville Indian School 9114: 9081: 9043: 8896: 8878: 8819: 8781: 8695: 8654: 8614: 8586: 8548: 8485: 8437: 8404: 8316: 8243: 8236: 8215: 8155: 8124: 8104: 8071: 8053: 8015: 8006: 7946: 7925: 7840: 7801: 7783: 7776: 7711: 7686: 7661: 7638: 7589: 7567: 7487: 7474: 7444: 7393: 7366: 7322: 7264: 7255: 7225: 7182: 7173: 7134: 7125: 6941:February 9, 2006, at the 6807:Noongwa e-Anishinaabemjig 6447:Rhodes, Richard A. 1985. 5772:"Ojibwe Language Program" 5549:. University of Minnesota 2141: 1939: 1821: 1728: 1645: 1590: 1557: 1523: 1366:, the eastern end of the 1064:2000 United States Census 518: 510: 500: 490: 458: 436: 424: 411: 394: 308:– inclusive code – Ojibwa 295: 276: 257: 252: 213: 201: 161: 151: 141: 94: 86: 68: 59: 52: 44: 39: 34: 9149:U.S. residential schools 9129:Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School 8662:Algonquian–Basque pidgin 7598:Algonquian–Basque pidgin 7539:North of Superior Ojibwa 6969:Manitoulin Ojibwe/Ottawa 6924:Bemidji State University 6895:Documentary produced by 6768:Vizenor, Gerald Robert. 6628:Mithun, Marianne. 1999. 6614:McGregor, Ernest. 1987. 6410:Piggott, Glyne L. 1980. 6306:Amsterdam Creole Studies 5159:Blain, Eleanor, 1987, 7. 4936:. Park Rapids, Minnesota 4304: 3928:, missionary, and first 3278:Sample text and analysis 3162:originally developed by 2541:Loanwords and neologisms 1264:Severn Ojibwe (Oji-Cree) 1091:Total ethnic population 929:. English terms include 747:Oji-Cree (Severn Ojibwe) 689:, Manitoba and parts of 9198:Agglutinative languages 7446:Mesquakie–Sauk–Kickapoo 7175:Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi 6911:Baadwewedamojig project 6854:, a story broadcast on 6836:, a story broadcast on 6531:Ojibwemowin. Series 1. 6379:March 15, 2012, at the 5865:www.pathoftheelders.com 5746:"Death By Civilization" 4095:Language revitalization 2773:'he/she has flatulence' 2741:'he/she speaks English' 2565:, 'handkerchief' (from 2426:information concerning 2386:derivational morphology 978:Geographic distribution 8945:Grand Medicine Society 8827:Canadian dictionaries 8810:Maritime Sign Language 8789:American Sign Language 8278:Malecite-Passamaquoddy 7933:American Sign Language 7770:Languages of Minnesota 7420:Maliseet–Passamaquoddy 6992:March 4, 2016, at the 6879:by Dr. Rand Valentine 6813:University of Michigan 6227:Statistics Canada 2006 5541:Nichols, John (2015). 5477:Rhodes, Richard, 1985. 5441:Walker, Willard, 1996. 5114:Rhodes, Richard, 1976. 5082:Rhodes, Richard, 1982. 4934:Park Rapids Enterprise 4299:Ojibwe writing systems 3874: 3866: 3853: 3840: 3832: 3809: 3801: 3793: 3780: 3768: 3760: 3752: 3744: 3732: 3724: 3694: 3681: 3673: 3654: 3641: 3633: 3621: 3613: 3601: 3593: 3585: 3577: 3564: 3556: 3548: 3540: 3503: 3495: 3482: 3474: 3461: 3453: 3445: 3437: 3412: 3399: 3391: 3374: 3366: 3358: 3350: 3342: 3331: 3323: 3310: 3302: 3192: 3118:Ojibwe writing systems 3003:doodooshaaboowi-miijim 2781:'he/she tells a story' 2757:'he/she speaks Ojibwe' 2567: 2550: 2457:a distinction between 1321:Gulf of Saint Lawrence 1307: 1232: 1023:and parts of southern 538:This article contains 460:This article contains 9193:Anishinaabe languages 8823:Canadian style guides 6906:Public Radio Exchange 6860:National Public Radio 6842:National Public Radio 6698:Snache, Irene. 2005. 6297:Nichols, John. 1980. 6222:. No publisher given. 6213:The Menomini language 6174:Bakker, Peter. 1996. 5288:Piggott, Glyne, 1981. 5168:Blain, Eleanor, 1987. 4144:immersion schools in 3997:Roman Catholic priest 3926:Roman Catholic priest 3327:be in a certain place 3188: 2620:makade-mashkikiwaaboo 2548: 2347:grammatical particles 2337:Word classes include 2328:head-marking language 1306:in English and Ojibwe 1301: 1226: 807:language, along with 727:Indian Removal period 90:Canada, United States 9005:Seven fires prophecy 8794:Quebec Sign Language 8237:Indigenous languages 8000:Languages of Montana 7265:Southern New England 6476:Todd, Evelyn. 1970. 5531:Nichols, John, 1996. 5468:Nichols, John, 1995. 5123:Bakker, Peter, 1991. 4556:Goddard, Ives, 1979. 4452:Laurie Bauer, 2007, 4247:United States portal 4142:Polynesian languages 4023:Princeton University 3993:Francis Xavier Pierz 2995:doodooshaaboo-bimide 2891:Short list of nouns: 2821:'he/she is arriving' 1453:is an English-based 1403:Green Bay, Wisconsin 1399:Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) 1358:In the area east of 1229:Battle of the Thames 1068:2006 Canadian census 847:for the language is 839:Exonyms and endonyms 419:(Ojibwa+Anissinapek) 9025:Traditional beliefs 8763:Pennsylvania German 8209:Languages of Canada 7544:Northwestern Ojibwa 7507:Border Lakes Ojibwa 7502:Berens River Ojibwa 7407:Carolina Algonquian 7285:Massachusett Pidgin 7075:Red Lake, Minnesota 6930:Grammar and Lessons 6886:(Our Earth) booklet 6762:Ojibwe in Minnesota 6728:Toulouse, Isadore. 4666:www12.statcan.gc.ca 4642:on February 2, 2017 4390:Northwestern Ojibwa 4170:Lac Courte Oreilles 4039:Premier of Manitoba 3529:by Big-Bowstring ). 3284:Southwestern Ojibwe 3272:⟨shk⟩ 3268:⟨sht⟩ 3264:⟨shp⟩ 3256:⟨nzh⟩ 3182:Double vowel system 3151:double vowel system 3126:, usually based on 3022:'Menomonee peoples' 2885:'he/she is thirsty' 2765:'he/she flatulates' 2690:Short list of VAIs: 2514:subordinate clauses 2375:verb–subject–object 2371:verb–object–subject 2300:in those dialects. 2160: 2024: 1923:palatal approximant 1445:Algonquian language 1370:, the area between 1348:Iroquoian languages 1304:Lakehead University 1260:Northwestern Ojibwe 1176:Total (by Country) 1088:Total (by speakers) 941:. The related term 751:Northwestern Ojibwe 349:Northwestern Ojibwa 9058:Birch bark scrolls 9030:Underwater panther 8799:Inuk Sign Language 8758:Newfoundland Irish 8723:Tagalog (Filipino) 8696:Minority languages 8568:Heiltsuk-Oowekyala 8326:Babine-Witsuwitʼen 8216:Official languages 7257:Eastern Algonquian 7079:Lemoine, Georges. 6588:. Academic Press. 5705:ojibwe.lib.umn.edu 5495:Kegg, Maude, 1991. 4668:. October 25, 2017 4284:Lists of languages 3980:(educator, writer) 3260:⟨sk⟩ 3252:⟨ns⟩ 3248:⟨nz⟩ 3244:⟨nj⟩ 3240:⟨n'⟩ 3236:⟨ng⟩ 3232:⟨nd⟩ 3228:⟨mb⟩ 3224:⟨nh⟩ 3202:(the orthographic 3172:Pitman's shorthand 3132:French orthography 2829:'he/she goes home' 2789:'he/she is eating' 2725:'he/she is hungry' 2551: 2405:Grammatical gender 2158: 2022: 1952:is phonologically 1890:p, t, k, ch, s, sh 1802:⟨zh⟩ 1757:⟨sh⟩ 1632:⟨ch⟩ 1308: 1233: 805:Central Algonquian 9175: 9174: 8835: 8834: 8753:Doukhobor Russian 8650: 8649: 8175: 8174: 8120: 8119: 8105:Language isolates 7966: 7965: 7836: 7835: 7736: 7735: 7730:extinct languages 7634: 7633: 7585: 7584: 7513:Broken Oghibbeway 7440: 7439: 7251: 7250: 6957:—Ojibwe site by " 6875:prepared for the 6856:Speaking of Faith 6678:978-1-897579-15-2 6616:Algonquin lexicon 6580:978-1-59926-920-7 6405:978-0-9697826-3-6 6299:Ojibwe Morphology 6199:978-3-11-013417-9 5938:978-1-4438-8958-2 5752:. TheAtlantic.com 5573:⟨'⟩ 4636:Statistics Canada 4434:(24th ed., 2021) 4416:(24th ed., 2021) 4398:(24th ed., 2021) 4380:(24th ed., 2021) 4362:(24th ed., 2021) 4344:(24th ed., 2021) 4326:(24th ed., 2021) 4269:Broken Oghibbeway 3956:Basil H. Johnston 3216:⟨o⟩ 3212:⟨i⟩ 3208:⟨a⟩ 3204:⟨'⟩ 2882:gaasikanaabaagawe 2749:'he/she comes in' 2682:Sample vocabulary 2655:Dialect variation 2602:ishkode-makakoons 2245: 2244: 2145: 2144: 1916:velar approximant 1914:, one labialized 1898:b, d, g, j, z, zh 1854: 1853: 1847:⟨w⟩ 1837:⟨y⟩ 1815:⟨h⟩ 1786:⟨z⟩ 1769: 1747:⟨s⟩ 1736: 1723:⟨g⟩ 1707:⟨j⟩ 1691:⟨d⟩ 1675:⟨b⟩ 1660: 1652:⟨’⟩ 1642:⟨k⟩ 1622:⟨t⟩ 1612:⟨p⟩ 1603: 1579:⟨n⟩ 1569:⟨m⟩ 1197: 1196: 1031:through northern 880:Anihshininiimowin 601:), also known as 546:rendering support 526: 525: 486: 485: 468:rendering support 464:phonetic symbols. 310:Individual codes: 231:various alphabets 16:(Redirected from 9270: 9091:Birchbark biting 8902:myth and stories 8862: 8855: 8848: 8839: 8838: 8748:Hutterite German 8241: 8240: 8202: 8195: 8188: 8179: 8178: 8163: 8162: 8132:American English 8013: 8012: 7993: 7986: 7979: 7970: 7969: 7954: 7953: 7848:American English 7781: 7780: 7763: 7756: 7749: 7740: 7739: 7702:Proto-Algonquian 7534:Nipissing Ojibwa 7485: 7484: 7262: 7261: 7180: 7179: 7132: 7131: 7112: 7105: 7098: 7089: 7088: 6645:Aaniin Ekidong: 6146: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6115:Ammann, Brooke. 6112: 6106: 6099: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6072:Ammann, Brooke. 6069: 6063: 6062: 6052: 6012: 6003: 6002: 5970: 5964: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5907: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5793: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5725:Ammann, Brooke. 5722: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5646: 5640: 5633: 5620: 5613: 5598: 5586: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5538: 5532: 5529: 5523: 5520: 5514: 5511: 5505: 5502: 5496: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5469: 5466: 5460: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5442: 5439: 5433: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5414:on July 18, 2007 5410:. Archived from 5403: 5397: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5379: 5376: 5370: 5367: 5361: 5358: 5352: 5349: 5343: 5340: 5334: 5331: 5325: 5322: 5316: 5313: 5307: 5304: 5298: 5295: 5289: 5286: 5280: 5277: 5271: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5253: 5250: 5244: 5241: 5232: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5214: 5211: 5205: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5187: 5184: 5178: 5175: 5169: 5166: 5160: 5157: 5151: 5148: 5142: 5139: 5133: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5106: 5103: 5092: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5074: 5071: 5065: 5062: 5056: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5038: 5035: 5029: 5026: 5020: 5017: 5011: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4990: 4987: 4981: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4925: 4919: 4912: 4903: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4885: 4875: 4866: 4853: 4844: 4841: 4835: 4832: 4826: 4823: 4817: 4814: 4808: 4805: 4796: 4793: 4787: 4784: 4778: 4775: 4769: 4766: 4755: 4752: 4746: 4743: 4737: 4734: 4723: 4720: 4714: 4711: 4705: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4638:. Archived from 4628: 4613: 4610: 4601: 4598: 4592: 4589: 4578: 4575: 4569: 4566: 4557: 4554: 4543: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4496: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4463: 4457: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4423: 4422: 4405: 4404: 4387: 4386: 4369: 4368: 4351: 4350: 4333: 4332: 4315: 4294:Ojibwe phonology 4263: 4261:Languages portal 4258: 4257: 4249: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4235: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4221: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4138:language revival 3913:Notable speakers 3893: 3887: 3881: 3861: 3849: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3788: 3776: 3740: 3702: 3690: 3668: 3662: 3650: 3629: 3609: 3572: 3528: 3510: 3490: 3470: 3408: 3386: 3380: 3338: 3318: 3291: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3101: 3094:'moccasin, shoe' 3093: 3085: 3077: 3069: 3061: 3053: 3045: 3037: 3029: 3021: 3013: 3005: 2997: 2989: 2981: 2973: 2965: 2957: 2949: 2941: 2933: 2925: 2917: 2909: 2901: 2884: 2876: 2868: 2860: 2852: 2844: 2836: 2828: 2820: 2812: 2804: 2796: 2788: 2780: 2772: 2764: 2756: 2748: 2740: 2733:'he/she is glad' 2732: 2724: 2717:'he/she departs' 2716: 2708: 2700: 2670: 2664: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2633:, 'airplane' is 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2587:, 'airplane' is 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2299: 2297:anama'egiizhigad 2293: 2291:anami'egiizhigad 2283: 2239: 2221: 2207: 2201: 2192: 2161: 2157: 2139: 2123: 2116: 2102: 2096: 2087: 2073: 2067: 2056: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1920: 1913: 1909: 1905:nasal consonants 1896:voiced symbols: 1875: 1871: 1848: 1845: 1838: 1835: 1816: 1813: 1803: 1800: 1794: 1787: 1784: 1778: 1767: 1758: 1755: 1748: 1745: 1734: 1724: 1721: 1715: 1708: 1705: 1699: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1676: 1673: 1667: 1658: 1653: 1650: 1643: 1640: 1633: 1630: 1623: 1620: 1613: 1610: 1601: 1580: 1577: 1570: 1567: 1521: 1520: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1497: 1493: 1474:Ojibwe phonology 1463: 1344:Wyandot language 1073: 1072: 1059:has been noted. 1057:British Columbia 1001: 990: 960:Proto-Algonquian 920: 914: 908: 898: 891:Saulteaux Ojibwe 888: 886:Anishinaabemowin 882: 876: 870: 864: 858: 852: 850:Anishinaabemowin 833:genetic subgroup 660:Anishinaabemowin 642: 636: 635: 632: 631: 628: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 597: 591: 590: 587: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 534: 533: 488: 487: 452: 441: 429: 406: 386: 376: 366: 356: 346: 336: 326: 316: 307: 300: 290: 289: 281: 271: 270: 262: 237:Ojibwe syllabics 219: 167: 82: 76: 64: 55: 54: 49: 47:Anishinaabemowin 32: 31: 21: 9278: 9277: 9273: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9267: 9178: 9177: 9176: 9171: 9153: 9110: 9077: 9039: 8892: 8874: 8866: 8836: 8831: 8815: 8777: 8743:Canadian Gaelic 8691: 8646: 8642:Coast Tsimshian 8610: 8582: 8544: 8481: 8433: 8400: 8312: 8232: 8211: 8206: 8176: 8171: 8151: 8116: 8100: 8067: 8049: 8002: 7997: 7967: 7962: 7942: 7921: 7832: 7797: 7772: 7767: 7737: 7732: 7707: 7687:Proto-languages 7682: 7657: 7630: 7581: 7563: 7470: 7436: 7389: 7362: 7341:Pidgin Delaware 7318: 7247: 7221: 7169: 7121: 7119:Algic languages 7116: 7018: 7010:Ojibwe numerals 6994:Wayback Machine 6955:Wayback Machine 6943:Wayback Machine 6932: 6922:, published by 6917:Back issues of 6873:Wayback Machine 6862:broadcast show. 6811:—hosted at the 6802: 6759:Treuer, Anton. 6742:Treuer, Anton. 6556: 6554:Further reading 6551: 6381:Wayback Machine 6358:Survival Ojibwe 6234:Wayback Machine 6155: 6150: 6149: 6140: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6113: 6109: 6100: 6093: 6083: 6081: 6070: 6066: 6013: 6006: 5971: 5967: 5958: 5954: 5939: 5925: 5921: 5884: 5880: 5870: 5868: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5815: 5811: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5790: 5780: 5778: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5742: 5738: 5723: 5719: 5709: 5707: 5699: 5698: 5694: 5684: 5682: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5634: 5623: 5614: 5601: 5596:Wayback Machine 5587: 5583: 5572: 5566: 5562: 5552: 5550: 5539: 5535: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5512: 5508: 5503: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5485: 5481: 5476: 5472: 5467: 5463: 5458: 5454: 5449: 5445: 5440: 5436: 5431: 5427: 5417: 5415: 5406:O'Meara, John. 5404: 5400: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5382: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5359: 5355: 5350: 5346: 5341: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5323: 5319: 5314: 5310: 5305: 5301: 5296: 5292: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5247: 5242: 5235: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5212: 5208: 5203: 5199: 5194: 5190: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5163: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5131: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5113: 5109: 5104: 5095: 5090: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5072: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5054: 5050: 5045: 5041: 5036: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4993: 4988: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4965: 4963: 4953: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4926: 4922: 4913: 4906: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4888: 4876: 4869: 4863:Wayback Machine 4854: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4781: 4776: 4772: 4767: 4758: 4753: 4749: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4726: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4686: 4685: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4645: 4643: 4630: 4629: 4616: 4611: 4604: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4581: 4576: 4572: 4567: 4560: 4555: 4546: 4536: 4532: 4519: 4517: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4494: 4492: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4464: 4460: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4435: 4424: 4417: 4406: 4399: 4388: 4381: 4370: 4363: 4352: 4345: 4334: 4327: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4240: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4224: 4217: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4130: 4097: 4076: 4052: 3978:Margaret Noodin 3970:Naawakamigookwe 3922:Frederic Baraga 3915: 3910: 3905: 3895: 3872: 3864: 3851: 3838: 3830: 3807: 3805:fish with a net 3799: 3791: 3778: 3766: 3758: 3750: 3742: 3730: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3705: 3692: 3679: 3671: 3652: 3639: 3631: 3619: 3611: 3599: 3591: 3583: 3575: 3562: 3554: 3546: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3513: 3501: 3493: 3480: 3472: 3459: 3451: 3443: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3410: 3397: 3389: 3372: 3364: 3356: 3348: 3340: 3329: 3321: 3308: 3300: 3297: 3280: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3184: 3120: 3114: 3109: 2888: 2869:'he/she is sad' 2853:'he/she sleeps' 2845:'he/she smokes' 2797:'he/she drinks' 2684: 2657: 2543: 2538: 2524:(including the 2508:, the default; 2407:, divided into 2312: 2306: 2281:bemisemagak(in) 2272:antepenultimate 1942: 1846: 1836: 1814: 1801: 1785: 1756: 1746: 1722: 1706: 1690: 1674: 1651: 1641: 1631: 1621: 1611: 1595: 1578: 1568: 1539: 1481: 1476: 1470: 1455:Creole language 1419: 1396:Siouan language 1368:Upper Peninsula 1296: 1239: 1237:Ojibwe dialects 1231:historical site 1221: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1002: 993: 992: 991: 980: 951: 927:Ojibwe dialects 841: 789: 778:Inuit languages 676:writing systems 640: 610: 606: 595: 565: 561: 555: 554: 553: 544:Without proper 535: 531: 466:Without proper 454: 453: 444: 432: 402: 382: 381: 372: 371: 362: 361: 352: 351: 342: 341: 332: 331: 322: 321: 312: 311: 309: 303: 296: 285: 284: 277: 266: 265: 258: 248: 245:(United States) 220: 215: 207:Ojibwe dialects 197: 168: 165:Language family 163: 154: 153:Native speakers 28: 23: 22: 18:Ojibwe-language 15: 12: 11: 5: 9276: 9266: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9188:Ojibwe culture 9173: 9172: 9170: 9169: 9163: 9161: 9155: 9154: 9152: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9120: 9118: 9112: 9111: 9109: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9087: 9085: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9075: 9070: 9068:Ottawa dialect 9065: 9060: 9055: 9049: 9047: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8970:Medicine wheel 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8940:Gitche Manitou 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8906: 8904: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8884: 8882: 8876: 8875: 8865: 8864: 8857: 8850: 8842: 8833: 8832: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8813: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8785: 8783: 8782:Sign languages 8779: 8778: 8776: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8699: 8697: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8677:Chinook Jargon 8674: 8669: 8664: 8658: 8656: 8652: 8651: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8592: 8590: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8578:Nuu-chah-nulth 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8554: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8491: 8489: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8443: 8441: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8410: 8408: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8322: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8249: 8247: 8238: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8230: 8225: 8219: 8217: 8213: 8212: 8205: 8204: 8197: 8190: 8182: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8169: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8128: 8126: 8122: 8121: 8118: 8117: 8115: 8114: 8108: 8106: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8077: 8075: 8073:Western Siouan 8069: 8068: 8066: 8065: 8063:Montana Salish 8059: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8021: 8019: 8010: 8004: 8003: 7996: 7995: 7988: 7981: 7973: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7960: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7940: 7935: 7929: 7927: 7926:Sign languages 7923: 7922: 7920: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7878: 7877: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7856: 7855: 7844: 7842: 7841:Non-Indigenous 7838: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7824: 7823: 7818: 7807: 7805: 7803:Western Siouan 7799: 7798: 7796: 7795: 7789: 7787: 7778: 7774: 7773: 7766: 7765: 7758: 7751: 7743: 7734: 7733: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7698: 7690: 7688: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7673: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7650: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7628: 7623: 7620:Miami–Illinois 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7573: 7571: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7561: 7559:Western Ojibwa 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7529:Eastern Ojibwa 7526: 7521: 7519:Central Ojibwa 7516: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7493: 7491: 7482: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7454:Mesquakie–Sauk 7450: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7410: 7403: 7397: 7395: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7380: 7372: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7360: 7353: 7352: 7351: 7344: 7337: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7316: 7309: 7302: 7299:Mohegan–Pequot 7295: 7288: 7281: 7276: 7268: 7266: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7229: 7227: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7188: 7186: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7160: 7155: 7154: 7153: 7140: 7138: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7115: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7092: 7086: 7085: 7077: 7068: 7067: 7066: 7053: 7037: 7031: 7025: 7017: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7007: 7006: 7005: 6997: 6976: 6962: 6945: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6914: 6908: 6899: 6890: 6889: 6888: 6863: 6849: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6815: 6801: 6800:External links 6798: 6797: 6796: 6781: 6766: 6757: 6740: 6726: 6711: 6696: 6681: 6666: 6651: 6641: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6605: 6582: 6572: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6534: 6527: 6512: 6497: 6490: 6481: 6474: 6467: 6460: 6445: 6430: 6423: 6408: 6393: 6369: 6354: 6339: 6324: 6309: 6302: 6295: 6280: 6265: 6258: 6251: 6244: 6237: 6223: 6216: 6209: 6202: 6187: 6172: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6134: 6107: 6091: 6064: 6027:(2): 176–194. 6004: 5985:(1): 125–144. 5965: 5952: 5937: 5919: 5898:(2): 135–162. 5878: 5852: 5809: 5788: 5763: 5736: 5717: 5692: 5666: 5641: 5621: 5599: 5581: 5571:(orthographic 5560: 5533: 5524: 5515: 5506: 5497: 5488: 5479: 5470: 5461: 5452: 5443: 5434: 5425: 5398: 5389: 5380: 5371: 5362: 5353: 5344: 5335: 5326: 5317: 5308: 5299: 5290: 5281: 5272: 5263: 5254: 5245: 5233: 5224: 5215: 5206: 5197: 5188: 5179: 5170: 5161: 5152: 5143: 5134: 5125: 5116: 5107: 5093: 5084: 5075: 5066: 5057: 5048: 5039: 5030: 5021: 5012: 5003: 4991: 4982: 4973: 4947: 4920: 4904: 4895: 4886: 4867: 4845: 4836: 4827: 4818: 4809: 4797: 4788: 4779: 4770: 4756: 4747: 4738: 4724: 4715: 4706: 4697: 4679: 4653: 4614: 4602: 4593: 4579: 4570: 4558: 4544: 4530: 4505: 4480: 4458: 4445: 4408:Western Ojibwa 4372:Central Ojibwa 4354:Eastern Ojibwa 4309: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4289:Ojibwe grammar 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4250: 4236: 4222: 4206: 4203: 4134:language death 4129: 4126: 4096: 4093: 4075: 4072: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4046: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4016: 3995:(19th century 3990: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3944:Alonzo Barnard 3941: 3924:(19th century 3914: 3911: 3906: 3873: 3865: 3852: 3839: 3831: 3808: 3800: 3792: 3779: 3767: 3759: 3751: 3743: 3731: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3693: 3680: 3672: 3653: 3640: 3632: 3620: 3612: 3600: 3592: 3584: 3576: 3563: 3555: 3547: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3502: 3494: 3481: 3473: 3460: 3452: 3444: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3411: 3398: 3390: 3373: 3365: 3357: 3349: 3341: 3330: 3322: 3309: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3279: 3276: 3183: 3180: 3156:Cree syllabary 3116:Main article: 3113: 3112:Writing system 3110: 3108: 3107: 3095: 3087: 3079: 3071: 3070:'golden eagle' 3063: 3055: 3047: 3039: 3031: 3023: 3015: 3007: 2999: 2991: 2983: 2975: 2967: 2959: 2951: 2943: 2935: 2927: 2919: 2911: 2903: 2894: 2887: 2886: 2878: 2877:'he/she lives' 2870: 2862: 2854: 2846: 2838: 2837:'he/she cooks' 2830: 2822: 2814: 2813:'he/she falls' 2806: 2805:'he/she walks' 2798: 2790: 2782: 2774: 2766: 2758: 2750: 2742: 2738:zhaaganaashimo 2734: 2726: 2718: 2710: 2702: 2701:'he/she comes' 2693: 2683: 2680: 2656: 2653: 2611:, 'fire', and 2577:, 'tea' (from 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532:) and tenses. 2467: 2466: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2416: 2310:Ojibwe grammar 2308:Main article: 2305: 2302: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2233: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2195: 2193: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2133: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2117: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2090: 2088: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 1941: 1938: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1806: 1804: 1788: 1772: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1732: 1726: 1725: 1709: 1693: 1677: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1644: 1634: 1624: 1614: 1604: 1599: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1571: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1480: 1477: 1472:Main article: 1469: 1466: 1426:mixed language 1418: 1415: 1295: 1292: 1280:Central Ojibwa 1272:Eastern Ojibwe 1268:Ottawa (Odawa) 1235:Main article: 1220: 1217: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1003: 996: 995: 994: 985: 984: 983: 982: 981: 979: 976: 950: 947: 923:Eastern Ojibwe 901:Ottawa dialect 840: 837: 821:Miami-Illinois 788: 787:Classification 785: 759:Central Ojibwa 739:Ottawa (Odawa) 735:Eastern Ojibwe 548:, you may see 536: 529: 528: 527: 524: 523: 520: 516: 515: 512: 508: 507: 502: 498: 497: 492: 484: 483: 470:, you may see 456: 455: 443: 442: 434: 433: 430: 422: 421: 415: 409: 408: 400: 392: 391: 359:Western Ojibwa 339:Central Ojibwa 329:Eastern Ojibwa 301: 293: 292: 282: 274: 273: 263: 255: 254: 253:Language codes 250: 249: 247: 246: 240: 234: 223: 221: 217:Writing system 214: 211: 210: 203: 199: 198: 196: 195: 194: 193: 192: 191: 171: 169: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 96: 92: 91: 88: 87:Native to 84: 83: 70: 66: 65: 57: 56: 42: 41: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9275: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9168: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9156: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9113: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9042: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9020:Turtle Island 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8960:Little people 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8889: 8886: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8870: 8863: 8858: 8856: 8851: 8849: 8844: 8843: 8840: 8830: 8828: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8811: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8780: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8694: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8667:Broken Slavey 8665: 8663: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8653: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8613: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8585: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8551: 8547: 8541: 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8064: 8061: 8060: 8058: 8056: 8052: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7994: 7989: 7987: 7982: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7971: 7959: 7958: 7949: 7948: 7945: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7924: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7876: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7849: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7839: 7829: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7812: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7804: 7800: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7782: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7764: 7759: 7757: 7752: 7750: 7745: 7744: 7741: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7699: 7697: 7696: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7674: 7672: 7671: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7643: 7641: 7637: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7621: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7599: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7566: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7514: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7467: 7464: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7455: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7443: 7433: 7432: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7411: 7409: 7408: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7386: 7385: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7349: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7315: 7314: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7287: 7286: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7254: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7224: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7185: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7164:Nawathinehena 7161: 7159: 7156: 7152: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7113: 7108: 7106: 7101: 7099: 7094: 7093: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7076: 7072: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7011: 7008: 7004: 7003: 6998: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6963: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6925: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6894: 6891: 6887: 6885: 6884:Gidakiiminaan 6881: 6880: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6867: 6864: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6803: 6794: 6793:0-9731442-1-1 6790: 6786: 6782: 6779: 6778:0-8061-2518-7 6775: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6763: 6758: 6755: 6754:0-87351-404-1 6751: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6739: 6738:1-896027-16-4 6735: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6723:0-921064-14-4 6720: 6716: 6712: 6709: 6708:1-894632-01-X 6705: 6701: 6697: 6694: 6693:1-886895-28-7 6690: 6686: 6682: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6664: 6663:1-894632-01-X 6660: 6656: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6642: 6639: 6638:0-521-23228-7 6635: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6606: 6603: 6602:90-04-25449-8 6599: 6596:(Hardcover), 6595: 6594:0-12-349353-6 6591: 6587: 6583: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6569:0-88663-018-5 6566: 6562: 6559:Beardy, Tom. 6558: 6557: 6547: 6546:0-16-048774-9 6543: 6539: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6524:0-8020-4870-6 6521: 6517: 6513: 6510: 6509:0-7714-2091-9 6506: 6502: 6498: 6495: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6479: 6475: 6472: 6468: 6465: 6461: 6458: 6457:3-11-013749-6 6454: 6450: 6446: 6443: 6442:0-7709-0123-9 6439: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6424: 6421: 6420:0-8240-4557-2 6417: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6391: 6390:0-7778-8695-2 6387: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6370: 6367: 6366:0-9697826-0-8 6363: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6351:0-8166-2427-5 6348: 6344: 6340: 6337: 6336:0-88755-148-3 6333: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6321:0-19-507993-0 6318: 6314: 6310: 6307: 6303: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6292:0-919143-35-0 6289: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6277:0-8166-2415-1 6274: 6270: 6266: 6263: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6245: 6242: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6217: 6214: 6210: 6207: 6203: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6184:0-19-509711-4 6181: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6144: 6138: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6060: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6009: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5930: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5882: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5813: 5798: 5792: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5732: 5728: 5721: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5659:September 12, 5655: 5651: 5645: 5638: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5597: 5593: 5590: 5589:Niizh Ikwewag 5585: 5564: 5548: 5544: 5537: 5528: 5519: 5510: 5501: 5492: 5483: 5474: 5465: 5456: 5447: 5438: 5429: 5413: 5409: 5402: 5393: 5384: 5375: 5366: 5357: 5348: 5339: 5330: 5321: 5312: 5303: 5294: 5285: 5276: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5240: 5238: 5228: 5219: 5210: 5201: 5192: 5183: 5174: 5165: 5156: 5147: 5138: 5129: 5120: 5111: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5088: 5079: 5070: 5061: 5052: 5043: 5034: 5025: 5016: 5007: 4998: 4996: 4986: 4977: 4962: 4958: 4951: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4917: 4911: 4909: 4899: 4890: 4883: 4879: 4874: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4857: 4852: 4850: 4840: 4831: 4822: 4813: 4804: 4802: 4792: 4783: 4774: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4751: 4742: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4719: 4710: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4597: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4574: 4565: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4542: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4515: 4509: 4502: 4490: 4484: 4476: 4474: 4469: 4462: 4455: 4449: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4337: 4336:Severn Ojibwa 4331: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4251: 4248: 4237: 4234: 4233:Canada portal 4223: 4220: 4209: 4202: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4092: 4089: 4086:Although the 4084: 4081: 4071: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3950:George Copway 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3918: 3909: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3894: 3892: 3886: 3876: 3871: 3868: 3863: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3848: 3842: 3837: 3834: 3829: 3827: 3821: 3811: 3806: 3803: 3798: 3795: 3790: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3762: 3757: 3754: 3749: 3746: 3741: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3726: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3689: 3683: 3678: 3675: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3649: 3643: 3638: 3635: 3630: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3615: 3610: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3595: 3590: 3587: 3582: 3579: 3574: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3558: 3553: 3550: 3545: 3542: 3530: 3524: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3505: 3500: 3497: 3492: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3476: 3471: 3469: 3463: 3458: 3455: 3450: 3447: 3442: 3439: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3414: 3409: 3407: 3401: 3396: 3393: 3388: 3385: 3376: 3371: 3368: 3367:mindimooyenh, 3363: 3360: 3355: 3352: 3347: 3344: 3339: 3333: 3328: 3325: 3320: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3304: 3293: 3290: 3289:Niizh Ikwewag 3285: 3275: 3221: 3191: 3187: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3105: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2987:doodooshaaboo 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2709:'he/she goes' 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2677: 2672: 2669: 2663: 2652: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2547: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2448:evidentiality 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2316:polysynthetic 2311: 2301: 2298: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2254:, in which a 2253: 2252:metrical foot 2250: 2241: 2238: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2162: 2159:Nasal Vowels 2156: 2154: 2150: 2138: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2115: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2086: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2026: 2020: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1970:vowel syncope 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1937: 1928:, and either 1924: 1917: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1850: 1844: 1840: 1834: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1773: 1771: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1754: 1750: 1744: 1740: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1720: 1714: 1710: 1704: 1698: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1656: 1649: 1639: 1635: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1576: 1572: 1566: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1501: 1490: 1486: 1475: 1465: 1462: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1385: 1384:Lake Michigan 1381: 1380:Lake Superior 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1325:Lake Winnipeg 1322: 1317: 1313: 1312:lingua franca 1305: 1300: 1294:Lingua franca 1291: 1289: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1245: 1238: 1230: 1225: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1190: 1175: 1174: 1155: 1154: 1135: 1134: 1115: 1114: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1085:United States 1084: 1082:Canada (2011) 1081: 1079:Canada (2016) 1078: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1043:and northern 1042: 1038: 1035:and northern 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1000: 989: 975: 971: 968: 963: 961: 956: 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 919: 913: 912:Nishnaabemwin 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 881: 875: 869: 863: 857: 851: 846: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 784: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 766:First Nations 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 679: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 644: 634: 604: 600: 599: 589: 559: 551: 547: 543: 541: 521: 517: 513: 509: 506: 503: 499: 496: 493: 489: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 463: 457: 451: 448: 440: 435: 428: 423: 420: 416: 414: 410: 407: Ojibwa 405: 401: 399: 398: 393: 390: 387: – 385: 380: 377: – 375: 370: 367: – 365: 360: 357: – 355: 350: 347: – 345: 340: 337: – 335: 330: 327: – 325: 320: 319:Severn Ojibwa 317: – 315: 306: 302: 299: 294: 288: 283: 280: 275: 269: 264: 261: 256: 251: 244: 241: 238: 235: 232: 228: 225: 224: 222: 218: 212: 208: 204: 200: 190: 187: 186: 185: 181: 180: 179: 176: 175: 174: 170: 166: 160: 156: 150: 147: 146:Ojibwe people 144: 140: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 75: 71: 69:Pronunciation 67: 63: 58: 48: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 9062: 8955:Jingle dress 8950:Jiibayaabooz 8925:Dreamcatcher 8821: 8808: 8768:Plautdietsch 8429:Inuvialuktun 8297: 8164: 8039: 7955: 7792: 7725: 7700: 7693: 7675: 7668: 7645: 7618: 7596: 7511: 7488: 7475: 7429: 7412: 7405: 7382: 7375: 7367: 7355: 7346: 7339: 7311: 7306:Narragansett 7304: 7297: 7290: 7283: 7279:Massachusett 7271: 7162: 7148: 7080: 7064:Google Books 7062:courtesy of 7040: 7000: 6982: 6959:Weshki-ayaad 6958: 6918: 6883: 6846:David Treuer 6806: 6784: 6769: 6760: 6743: 6729: 6714: 6699: 6684: 6669: 6654: 6644: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6604:(Paperback). 6585: 6560: 6537: 6530: 6515: 6500: 6493: 6485: 6477: 6470: 6463: 6448: 6433: 6426: 6411: 6396: 6372: 6357: 6342: 6327: 6312: 6305: 6298: 6283: 6268: 6261: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6219: 6212: 6205: 6190: 6175: 6160: 6137: 6125:. Retrieved 6120: 6110: 6082:. Retrieved 6077: 6067: 6024: 6020: 5982: 5978: 5968: 5963:. pp. 11–22. 5960: 5955: 5928: 5922: 5895: 5891: 5881: 5871:December 18, 5869:. Retrieved 5864: 5855: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5802:December 18, 5800:. Retrieved 5791: 5781:December 18, 5779:. Retrieved 5775: 5766: 5754:. Retrieved 5750:The Atlantic 5749: 5739: 5730: 5720: 5710:December 11, 5708:. Retrieved 5704: 5695: 5683:. Retrieved 5679: 5669: 5657:. Retrieved 5653: 5644: 5584: 5563: 5551:. Retrieved 5546: 5536: 5527: 5518: 5509: 5500: 5491: 5482: 5473: 5464: 5455: 5446: 5437: 5428: 5416:. Retrieved 5412:the original 5401: 5392: 5383: 5374: 5365: 5356: 5347: 5338: 5329: 5320: 5311: 5302: 5293: 5284: 5275: 5266: 5257: 5248: 5227: 5218: 5209: 5200: 5191: 5182: 5173: 5164: 5155: 5146: 5137: 5128: 5119: 5110: 5087: 5078: 5069: 5060: 5051: 5042: 5033: 5024: 5015: 5006: 4985: 4976: 4964:. Retrieved 4960: 4950: 4938:. Retrieved 4933: 4923: 4898: 4889: 4881: 4839: 4830: 4821: 4812: 4791: 4782: 4773: 4750: 4741: 4718: 4709: 4700: 4691: 4682: 4670:. Retrieved 4665: 4656: 4644:. Retrieved 4640:the original 4635: 4596: 4573: 4539: 4533: 4526:Name: Ojibwa 4525: 4518:. Retrieved 4508: 4501:Name: Ojibwa 4500: 4493:. Retrieved 4483: 4471: 4461: 4453: 4448: 4429: 4411: 4393: 4375: 4357: 4339: 4321: 4313: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4162:Lisa LaRonge 4131: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4098: 4085: 4077: 4068: 4062:, and other 4053: 4043:John Norquay 4019:Anton Treuer 3984:Jim Northrup 3969: 3937: 3936:, who wrote 3916: 3907: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3877: 3869: 3856: 3843: 3835: 3812: 3804: 3796: 3783: 3771: 3763: 3755: 3747: 3735: 3727: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3697: 3684: 3676: 3657: 3644: 3636: 3624: 3616: 3604: 3596: 3588: 3580: 3567: 3559: 3551: 3543: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3506: 3498: 3485: 3477: 3464: 3456: 3448: 3440: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3402: 3394: 3377: 3369: 3361: 3353: 3345: 3334: 3326: 3313: 3305: 3281: 3219: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3148: 3124:Latin script 3121: 3083:bemaadizijig 3062:'bald eagle' 3019:omanoominiig 2890: 2889: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2673: 2658: 2636:ombaasijigan 2630: 2584: 2552: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2499: 2478: 2474: 2471:third person 2468: 2424:inflectional 2422:on verbs of 2420:head-marking 2382:inflectional 2379: 2365:in a simple 2361:. Preferred 2336: 2332:inflectional 2313: 2276: 2246: 2149:nasal vowels 2146: 2023:Oral Vowels 1978: 1966:short vowels 1950:Vowel length 1943: 1902: 1897: 1894: 1889: 1855: 1823:Approximants 1537:Postalveolar 1489:glottal stop 1482: 1451:Bungi Creole 1449: 1443:, a related 1438: 1420: 1389: 1382:and west of 1360:Georgian Bay 1357: 1341: 1337: 1309: 1284: 1249: 1240: 1198: 1188: 1061: 1041:North Dakota 1025:Saskatchewan 1010: 972: 964: 952: 942: 938: 934: 930: 842: 790: 782: 763: 711:North Dakota 691:Saskatchewan 680: 659: 655: 651: 647: 602: 557: 556: 537: 459: 413:Linguasphere 395: 188: 132:North Dakota 130:, groups in 114:, groups in 112:Saskatchewan 29: 9101:Ribbon work 8980:Mudjekeewis 8935:Elbow witch 8888:Clan system 8869:Anishinaabe 8606:Assiniboine 8495:Bella Coola 8414:Inuinnaqtun 8081:Assiniboine 8045:Plains Cree 8035:Gros Ventre 7695:Proto-Algic 7368:Nanticockan 7212:Swampy Cree 7207:Plains Cree 7158:Gros Ventre 6973:Swampy Cree 5991:10125/24513 5825:(2): 3–24. 4940:January 17, 4692:theways.org 4456:, Edinburgh 4166:Keller Paap 4150:New Zealand 3962:Peter Jones 3168:James Evans 3166:missionary 3051:gookooko'oo 3038:'raspberry' 3014:'wild rice' 2866:gashkendamo 2858:giigoonyike 2730:mino'endamo 2662:zhooniyaans 2648:bemisemagak 2631:Ojibwemowin 2596:bimisemagad 2590:bemisemagak 2585:Ojibwemowin 2363:word orders 2322:and a high 2147:Ojibwe has 2019:is often . 1974:word stress 1954:contrastive 1946:oral vowels 1430:Plains Cree 1316:Great Lakes 1205:White Earth 1019:, southern 953:Ojibwe and 896:Nakawemowin 883:, although 874:Ojibwemowin 856:Anishinaabe 845:designation 725:during the 656:Ojibwemowin 514:Ojibwemowin 474:instead of 9263:Potawatomi 9182:Categories 9073:Potawatomi 9053:Algonquian 8930:Drumkeeper 8920:Deer Woman 8505:Halkomelem 8318:Athabaskan 8308:Potawatomi 8245:Algonquian 8017:Algonquian 8008:Indigenous 7785:Algonquian 7777:Indigenous 7577:Potawatomi 7569:Potawatomi 7480:Potawatomi 7384:Piscataway 7238:Innu-aimun 7217:Woods Cree 7202:Moose Cree 7150:Besawunena 7127:Algonquian 6473:4:327–525. 6153:References 5575:) but not 5553:October 8, 4431:Ethnologue 4413:Ethnologue 4395:Ethnologue 4377:Ethnologue 4359:Ethnologue 4341:Ethnologue 4323:Ethnologue 4106:Mille Lacs 3728:it is that 3441:over there 3370:old woman, 3176:alphabetic 3075:bemaadizid 2931:gwiiwizens 2536:Vocabulary 2526:dubitative 2518:imperative 2506:indicative 2418:extensive 2415:categories 2398:word stems 2367:transitive 2268:prominence 2079:Near-Close 1956:and so is 1597:affricates 1485:consonants 1479:Consonants 1376:Lake Huron 1333:Hudson Bay 1302:A sign at 1209:Leech Lake 1096:Algonquin 1015:, through 955:Potawatomi 906:Daawaamwin 825:Potawatomi 780:and Cree. 685:, through 522:Ojibwewaki 184:Potawatomi 178:Algonquian 9203:Algonquin 9116:Education 9096:Quillwork 9045:Languages 9010:Shingebis 9000:Pukwudgie 8985:Nanabozho 8773:Ukrainian 8708:Cantonese 8573:Kwakʼwala 8472:Tuscarora 8439:Iroquoian 8419:Inuktitut 8391:Tsuutʼina 8341:Chipewyan 8336:Chilcotin 8263:Blackfoot 8258:Algonquin 8125:Immigrant 8025:Blackfoot 7887:Norwegian 7875:Hutterite 7828:Winnebago 7728:indicate 7670:Nansemond 7662:Uncertain 7614:Menominee 7604:Blackfoot 7497:Algonquin 7377:Nanticoke 7323:Delawaran 7233:Atikamekw 7192:East Cree 7136:Arapahoan 6904:from the 6838:Fresh Air 6308:12: 1–18. 6169:0831-5671 6127:March 29, 6084:March 29, 6041:2471-0938 5999:1094-3501 5947:944380203 5914:0843-5057 5847:161901907 5756:March 29, 4966:April 13, 4473:Glottolog 4158:Wisconsin 4154:Minnesota 4035:Wab Kinew 4009:Minnesota 4005:Wisconsin 3634:wiigiwaam 3499:come from 3457:bowstring 3454:achaabaan 3164:Methodist 3160:syllabary 3099:wiigiwaam 3035:miskwimin 2963:mandaamin 2950:'tobacco' 2874:bimaadizi 2834:jiibaakwe 2810:bangishin 2778:aadizooke 2676:morphemes 2668:desabiwin 2497:plurals. 2487:inanimate 2479:obviative 2475:proximate 2463:proximate 2459:obviative 2413:inanimate 2396:added to 2330:in which 2320:synthesis 1886:aspirated 1874:/ptktʃsʃ/ 1857:Obstruent 1730:Fricative 1516:loanwords 1468:Phonology 1441:Menominee 1392:Menominee 1372:Lake Erie 1352:Algonquin 1288:Saulteaux 1276:Algonquin 1244:continuum 1116:Oji-Cree 1037:Minnesota 1033:Wisconsin 967:diffusion 918:Jibwemwin 817:Menominee 731:Algonquin 707:Minnesota 703:Wisconsin 417:62-ADA-d 397:Glottolog 389:Algonquin 298:ISO 639-3 279:ISO 639-2 260:ISO 639-1 142:Ethnicity 128:Minnesota 124:Wisconsin 53:ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ 9253:Oji-Cree 8898:Religion 8703:Mandarin 8558:Ditidaht 8550:Wakashan 8540:Thompson 8535:Squamish 8525:shíshálh 8515:Okanagan 8510:Lillooet 8487:Salishan 8462:Onondaga 8396:Tutchone 8351:Gwichʼin 8166:Category 8055:Salishan 8030:Cheyenne 7957:Category 7677:Pamunkey 7609:Cheyenne 7549:Oji-Cree 7524:Chippewa 7466:Kickapoo 7431:Powhatan 7414:Etchemin 7330:Delaware 6999:(1878). 6990:Archived 6981:(1850). 6951:Archived 6939:Archived 6869:Archived 6377:Archived 6230:Archived 6225:Canada. 6121:The Ways 6078:The Ways 6059:29782622 5731:The Ways 5592:Archived 4859:Archived 4646:July 28, 4468:"Ojibwa" 4426:Chippewa 4205:See also 4183:quotient 4001:Michigan 3986:(writer) 3875:-aawaad. 3833:giigoonh 3810:-aawaad, 3802:bagida'w 3761:aabiding 3560:long ago 3557:mewinzha 3478:that way 3395:daughter 3303:aabiding 3136:syllabic 3106:, house' 3086:'people' 3078:'person' 3027:giigoonh 3011:manoomin 3006:'cheese' 2998:'butter' 2982:'breast' 2979:doodoosh 2955:opwaagan 2923:ikwezens 2818:dagoshin 2754:ojibwemo 2746:biindige 2642:ombaasin 2568:mouchoir 2530:preterit 2510:conjunct 2491:pronouns 2453:negation 2443:modality 2394:suffixes 2390:prefixes 2380:Complex 2359:prenouns 2355:preverbs 2351:pronouns 2324:morpheme 2264:syllable 2153:phonemes 1985:/iːaːoː/ 1958:phonemic 1882:duration 1592:plosives 1532:Alveolar 1527:Bilabial 1219:Dialects 1201:Red Lake 1193:300,577 1151:219,711 1076:Language 1066:and the 1053:Oklahoma 1029:Michigan 1021:Manitoba 943:Chippewa 723:Oklahoma 699:Michigan 672:dialects 662:, is an 652:Otchipwe 511:Language 480:Help:IPA 404:ojib1241 369:Chippewa 291:– Ojibwa 272:– Ojibwa 239:(Canada) 202:Dialects 120:Michigan 108:Manitoba 98:Canada: 9159:Housing 9035:Wendigo 8990:Nokomis 8965:Manitou 8910:Aayaase 8872:culture 8738:Italian 8718:Spanish 8713:Punjabi 8637:Tlingit 8632:Kutenai 8622:Beothuk 8530:Shuswap 8520:Saanich 8477:Wyandot 8424:Inupiaq 8386:Tahltan 8331:Carrier 8293:Naskapi 8283:Miꞌkmaq 8253:Abenaki 8223:English 8137:Spanish 8112:Kutenai 7902:Finnish 7897:Swedish 7892:Spanish 7726:Italics 7626:Shawnee 7425:Mi'kmaq 7401:Abenaki 7357:Mahican 7243:Naskapi 7144:Arapaho 6050:5959053 5418:May 30, 4672:July 8, 4520:July 4, 4495:July 4, 4179:plastic 4013:Ontario 3968:Maude " 3932:of the 3797:go and- 3541:inashke 3496:onjibaa 3413:bezhig. 3128:English 3091:makizin 2974:'blood' 2910:'woman' 2842:zagaswe 2794:minikwe 2786:wiisini 2770:boogide 2762:boogidi 2698:onjibaa 2608:ishkode 2562:mooshwe 2483:animate 2409:animate 2304:Grammar 2172:Central 2036:Central 2011:. 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