468:—questioned the legality of Odex's threatening criminal prosecution of downloaders. Koshy maintained that only the Attorney-General had the power to prosecute and that there was no indication that he had authorised Odex to conduct prosecutions on his behalf. Moreover, Koshy opined that it was improper for Odex to have combined its demand for compensation with a threat of criminal prosecution; although Odex's letters alleged "illegal downloading activity", the company threatened punishment associated with the more serious offence of distributing materials which infringed copyrights. Koshy noted that Odex had cited a legal provision intended to regulate people's file sharing for monetary gain rather than downloading by a casual consumer. Burton Ong, an associate professor at the
22:
137:
level of compensation to demand was the amount of downloading by each individual. Odex confirmed that more than 3,000 IP addresses had been disclosed as a result of the court orders, but estimated that the amount collected would cover less than 20% of its enforcement costs. The company's director, Peter Go, subsequently revealed that most of the compensation payments had been paid to BayTSP and to ISPs for the retrieval of their subscribers' personal data. He justified his company's actions by stating that, according to BayTSP's statistics, Singapore had one of the highest rates of illegal anime downloads in the world and that Odex wanted to reduce this by 85%.
384:
correct party to have asked for release of subscriber data. As a result, he directed the company to pay
Pacific Internet's legal costs of S$ 20,000. Following the ruling, some downloaders who had already settled with Odex planned a countersuit to recover their settlement monies. The ruling may have set a precedent for online privacy in Singapore by making it more difficult for copyright licensees to take legal action against downloaders.
277:
and paid Odex, although, in a news conference, Odex said that it had neither forced payment from nor fined anyone. The company explained that it would not profit from the enforcement process and intended to donate to charity any excess amount received. It would also release a financial audit of all the money collected at the close of proceedings. On 31 August 2007, in an attempt to address criticisms of late releases, Odex began to offer
346:, which provides for the right to search premises and seize evidence without prior warning. Seen as draconian, it is only used under extreme circumstances. He held that only copyright holders themselves, or their exclusive licensees, can bring such applications and that he was not satisfied with the evidence harvested by BayTSP for the identification of downloaders. Out of all the anime licensed to Odex, only the license in respect of
198:—anime fans who had translated the Japanese dialogue—whom they had hired. In response, the Board of Film Censors said that it did not ask for subtitles to be changed, that it merely classified content, and that the onus was on distributors to ensure accurate subtitles. In addition to problems of quality and scheduling, criticisms were directed at Odex's litigious strategy and poor public relations. Odex received support from the
320:, where District Judge Earnest Lau ruled that Pacific Internet did not have to reveal its subscribers' personal information. Lau believed that Odex was not the correct party to make the application, despite having permission to prosecute on behalf of the Japanese anime studios. The decision came as a surprise to many, and Odex quickly announced its intent to appeal. Although Lau denied Odex the court order, he warned that the
335:, said " assessing our options, given the different decisions rendered by the court". Meanwhile, it was revealed that SingNet had consented to Odex's application, had not instructed its lawyers to attend the hearing, and the two-week deadline for appealing against the application had passed. SingNet's failure to contest Odex's application, perhaps even expediting it, was perceived by some of its subscribers as a voluntary
163:
245:
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which supported Odex in its appeal against
Pacific Internet, consulted Odex before beginning its legal actions. Settlements were reported to range between S$ 5,000 and S$ 6,000 per person, and in August 2008, BayTSP was reported to be in contractual talks with other anime studios to track downloaders in Singapore.
889:
220:
with his face circulated online, and he was taunted openly in his office. Sing asserted that threats of arson, assault and even death were made against him and filed a police report. Although he expressed regret over the remarks because they were a "PR disaster" and "very wrong", he said that he had
276:
There were assertions that Odex had charged 10% interest for settlements paid through an instalment plan, but a press release by the company denied that it had required any such interest payments. By
September 2007, 105 out of the 300 SingNet subscribers who had received letters had negotiated with
145:
emails intended for the alleged downloaders. The company relied on ISPs to forward such emails to their subscribers who engaged in illegal download activity. Sing states that Odex under the instructions of copyright owners would rely on weekly reports generated by BayTSP to continue the anti-piracy
132:
Some alleged offenders decide on litigation. The lawsuit ended in 2011 with the
Singapore Subordinate court ruling in favour of the copyright owners and penalty being SGD$ 5,000 per episode damages to be paid to copyright owners for every episode caught for illegal download, totalling SGD$ 125,000.
421:
Three months later, the anime studios filed a writ of summons with the
Subordinate Courts against four "heavy downloaders". The hearing was speculated to begin in 2009 or 2010, with legal fees ranging from S$ 50,000 to S$ 80,000. Because of its bearing on downloaders of other media, such as movies
417:
initiated their own legal actions against downloaders. Like Odex, they were represented by Rajah & Tann and sent out letters of demand for payment to SingNet, StarHub and
Pacific Internet subscribers asking users to "enter discussions" with the studios' solicitors within seven days. Showgate,
149:
On 29 January 2008, the High Court handed down its ruling on Odex's appeal that the earlier documentation of Odex as representation of
Japanese copyright owners is not sufficient and further documentation of Power of Attorney and Warrant to Act is required. The court upon receiving the additional
140:
On 3 September 2007, Odex's director
Stephen Sing announced on his company's internet forum that Odex would no longer send letters of demand to Internet users who had stopped their illegal downloading since the beginning of the enforcement drive. Two weeks later, Odex installed an online warning
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There was speculation from the online community that the company would collect approximately S$ 15 million from 3,000 individuals from out-of-court settlements, but Odex responded that it did not require each of them to pay a uniform S$ 5,000. The main factor it considered when deciding the
272:
took place on 25 August 2007 under intense police scrutiny, which was considered by
Western observers to be a rarity in Singapore. An online group, Xedo Defense, was set up to provide support for the downloaders facing legal action. It raised funds to hire a collective lawyer from Infinitus Law
158:
The company's actions attracted national media attention and were harshly criticised by the
Singaporean anime community as "sudden and severe". Anime fans were outraged by the issuing of legal threats to children as young as nine years old, as they believed children were unable to differentiate
383:
In his judgment of 29 January 2008, Justice Woo ordered Pacific Internet to release its subscribers' information only to the six Japanese companies that were parties to the case. He explicitly denied Odex access to this information. He upheld District Judge Lau's decision that Odex was not the
479:
Anime fans and sympathisers used the Internet to raise funds and lodge a legal challenge to Odex's methods; one Internet user created an invitation-only forum for those considering going to court against Odex over its allegations of illegal downloads. Fans solicited
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182:(DVD) sales in 2006 and 2007 on illegal downloading. The response of anime fans was that the fall in sales was because Odex's products were inferior, inaccurately translated, and released later than the online versions. Odex subsequently attributed the inaccurate
292:(DMCA) notices from their ISPs. Although Odex and BayTSP announced shortly afterwards that the emails were sent out in error, Japanese commentators suggested that the enforcement action was "a step in a right direction". On 21 November 2007, Odex's website was
221:
written them while feeling frustrated and did not apologise. He dismissed his "double-6-ed" remark, an expression of joy at the threats of lawsuits, as having been made "two months ago", but it was revealed that they had been made only three weeks earlier. A
495:
lawsuit, Koshy expressed his belief that SingNet might be in breach of the spirit of the Telecommunications Competition Code, which protects the confidentiality of subscribers' information and prohibits unauthorised release. Another lawyer interviewed by
150:
legal documents from copyright owners ordered Pacific Internet had to release the names of the alleged illegal downloaders details. This ruling does not change Odex's role as Japanese copyright owner's representative to act on their behalf in Singapore.
476:" as a defence against the charge of copyright infringement. One of the criteria for pursuing this line of defence would have been proving that the download subsequently boosted, rather than undermined, the commercial viability of the anime industry.
94:, to reveal the identities of account holders linked to illegal download activities. It is subsequently revealed that Starhub did not disclose account holders's information to Odex as they were reviewing their rights when Odex lost their appeal to
446:
to more than 500 subscribers asking for a written offer of damages and costs. This is the second reported instance of a major legal action taken by a media company against individuals in Singapore for alleged illegal downloading since Odex.
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and the VOD service put out of action. Its main page was replaced by an angry message against the company's legal actions, and experts interviewed by representatives of the local media said that the perpetrator likely was from Singapore.
461:
of Singapore, lawyers who were interviewed said anime fans would not have a strong defence against Odex if proof of uploading or downloading of unauthorised videos was presented. In his analysis, Thomas Koshy—a legal academic writing in
105:
in the Pre-Action Discovery court procedure to the major ISPs, including its application against PacNet. Odex is the appointed representative of Japanese copyright owners on the legal proceedings and applications to court.
56:
consumption. As Japanese copyright owners are located in Japan, Odex, being holder of the Japanese anime license in Singapore, were appointed to submit legal documents and court proceedings on their behalf in Singapore.
1787:
205:
Stephen Sing was mocked and criticised after posting comments to an online forum which many considered to be gloating. Messages posted by Sing under the nickname "xysing" included "Me too busy suing people"
2666:
380:, flew to Singapore to testify on behalf of Odex. Although the Japanese companies intended to file lawsuits themselves should Odex fail, the High Court approved their addition as parties to Odex's appeal.
85:
From early 2007 to January 2008, court orders for Pre-Action Discovery with evidence of illegal download activity were issued to various ISPs to request for their subscriber's details. In May 2007, ISP
65:
Japanese copyright owners appointed Odex to engage Anti-Piracy Solution company, BayTSP, to track illegal downloading activities of Japanese animation in Singapore, using similar method employed by the
90:
consented in writing to release details on internet accounts associated with illegal download activity. On 13 August, further documentations are submitted to court and a court order is issued to ISP
264:, and uploaded it to YouTube and other video-sharing websites. A website was established giving details of an "Odex VCD recycling drive", where those who joined could exchange their Odex VCDs for a
342:
In a rare move, District Judge Earnest Lau released a 14-page judgment explaining the court's denial of Odex's request for Pacific Internet's client information. He compared Odex's demands to an
339:. SingNet later declared that it neither "gave consent" nor assisted Odex in its application for the release of subscriber information, and that its customer subscriptions remained unaffected.
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1342:
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814:
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Chua Hian Hou (24 August 2007). "SingNet consented, ISP StarHub argued in court that the documentations on legal representation from copyright owners are insufficient".
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pointed out that downloaders deciding to settle out of court with Odex were afforded no protection from lawsuits initiated by other companies within the anime industry.
716:
2658:
212:] and "Hahahahah! I double-6-ed so many downloaders serve them right!" Sing was labelled the "most hated man in Singapore's anime community" by members of the
288:
In mid-November 2007, the cease-and-desist emails initiated by Odex and BayTSP reached several users in Japan, France, and the United States, some in the form of
1797:
422:
and games, the suits were closely watched by the public. In 2010 it was reported that Odex's effort was unsuccessful as it was not the primary copyright holder.
316:. Odex sought to have Pacific Internet disclose the personal information of about 1,000 subscribers. The closed-door hearing was held on 23 August 2007 in the
2208:
762:
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by Odex were sent to alleged offenders demanding compensation in lieu of legal actions. The recipients were asked to contact Odex within one week and pay
1922:
1880:
1490:
Chua Hian Hou (12 November 2008). "Japanese anime studios suing heavy downloaders; Unprecedented step by rights owners likely to see public backlash".
1524:
352:
had been granted exclusively to the company. The judge noted that, out of the 13 authorisation letters presented in court, ten of them authorised the
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to reveal customers who have allegedly downloaded illegal copies of the movie. Samuel Seow Law Corporation represented the makers in sending
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2015:
44:(ISPs) to request for subscribers details in Singapore who were traced to illegal download activities of their licensed anime series.
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67:
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Corporation to represent two of the downloaders when suits were filed against them in November 2008 by the anime studios.
159:
between legal and illegal downloading. There were widespread calls in online blogs and forums to boycott Odex's products.
356:(AVPAS), not Odex, to act for the copyright holders. Odex was ordered to pay Pacific Internet's legal costs of S$ 7,000.
256:
Members of an online forum expressed their unhappiness by selling "anti-Odex" T-shirts. Another netizen created a video
508:
editor, expressed concern that private entities might use intellectual property laws invasively, thus precipitating a
166:
Parents paying out-of-court settlements to Odex for their children's downloading, as depicted in the parody animation
133:
Interest of SGD$ 15,095.58 and legal costs of SGD$ 12,263.76 was also awarded in favour of Japanese copyright owners.
21:
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110:
1989:
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26:
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and evidences of illegal download activities of downloaders from Singapore. BayTSP singled out the website
2392:
Loh Chee Kong (28 August 2007). "Former hacker to help appeal against court ruling (singaporesnippets)".
2133:
1683:
874:
686:
526:
464:
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in the High Court. BayTSP's CEO, Mark Ishikawa, and representatives of four Japanese studios, including
129:, promise to destroy all copies of the downloaded anime, and stop downloading the copyrighted material.
41:
2541:
282:
2513:
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1958:
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1256:
1157:
1103:
1069:
632:
2582:
1382:
1312:
1228:
845:
126:
684:
Derrick Paulo (15 July 2007). "Door open for IP owners to get names of those doing it illegally".
2787:
2605:"Online Privacy: Issues Faced by Content Holders in Enforcing their Intellectual Property Rights"
2131:
Loh Chee Kong (25 July 2007). "Odex had "no right of civil action" against illegal downloaders".
933:
348:
187:
118:
1614:
146:
drive, and if necessary would resort to legal action if illegal downloading activity escalates.
2347:
Chua Hian Hou (3 October 2007). "High Court adjourns Odex's appeal to give lawyers more time".
509:
235:
had revealed the home addresses of Odex employees. Odex placed a quarter-page advertisement in
2441:
2265:
364:
Odex's appeal against the Subordinate Courts' decision began on 3 October 2007 before Justice
2797:
2772:, District Judge Earnest Lau, The Subordinate Courts of Singapore. Retrieved 4 September 2007
79:
29:, where the out-of-court settlements to the company by alleged illegal downloaders were made.
2362:
Chua Hian Hou (30 October 2007). "High Court allows Odex to submit new evidence in appeal".
2078:
1939:
Jermyn Chow (30 August 2007). "Odex stands firm on pursuing illegal downloaders of anime".
707:"Singapore court orders Internet company to reveal customers who illegally download videos"
472:, suggested that an anime fan who downloaded a few episodes may have been able to rely on "
402:
312:
On 16 August 2007, Odex initiated legal action against a third Internet Service Provider,
8:
1792:
336:
2546:
738:
Chua Hian Hou (14 August 2007). "StarHub must give names of illegal anime downloaders".
2298:
Chua Hian Hou (24 August 2007). "Odex-PacNet ruling may set online privacy precedent".
2020:
1881:"Downloaders hire lawyers – Funds raised to help duo accused of illegal downloads"
500:, however, did not think that SingNet's actions were improper, and a spokesman for the
431:
343:
293:
249:
179:
2724:
Yim Yew Fei (4 September 2007). "Will those who settle with Odex face other suits?".
2056:
1678:
1647:
1347:
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announced that SingNet was found to be in compliance with the code. Andy Ho, another
457:
406:
237:
223:
2425:
Chua Hian Hou (30 January 2008). "PacNet to turn in anime downloaders to studios".
2407:
Zul Othman (29 November 2007). "Odex back in court, copyright owners may join in".
2166:
Chua Hian Hou (23 August 2007). "Odex saga: PacNet does not have to reveal names".
2148:
Chua Hian Hou (24 August 2007). "PacNet need not reveal anime downloaders' names".
1812:
1445:
332:
321:
313:
142:
122:
95:
2659:"Studio demands compensation from more than 500 people here who downloaded movie"
1439:
278:
252:
on 21 November 2007 and was replaced by an angry message about the legal actions.
102:
37:
2691:
Chua Hian Hou (18 August 2007). "Anime fans seek ways to fight Odex crackdown".
1554:
Tan Lee Cheng (4 September 2007). "Subtitles must be done accurately: Censors".
443:
410:
377:
373:
53:
1587:
Toh Hsia Yee (20 August 2007). "Not all anime in S'pore distributed by Odex".
2817:
2781:
2757:
1307:
1189:
Chua Hian Hou (3 October 2007). "Odex to get ISPs to issue online warnings".
1000:
Thomas Koshy (27 July 2007). "Anime in court: 2 ISPs, 2 different outcomes".
269:
217:
114:
1826:
Sheralyn Tay (17 September 2007). "Civil society making its mark, quietly".
872:
Loh Chee Kong (31 July 2007). "Japanese anime firms close ranks with Odex".
1569:
Andy Ho (16 August 2007). "Anime downloading: An alternative perspective".
1508:
Burton Ong (27 August 2007). "Separating bona fide fans from freeloaders".
1468:
Loh Chee Kong (17 August 2007). "PacNet subscribers' fate in the balance".
566:
481:
473:
281:(VOD) on its relaunched website. Users could legally download and unlock a
265:
125:
3,000 to S$ 5,000 or face legal action. The recipients also had to sign a
2188:
Chua Hian Hou (29 August 2007). "SingNet: We did not 'consent' to Odex".
791:
Chua Hian Hou (25 August 2007). "Odex 'failed tough standard of proof'".
513:
213:
958:
Thomas Koshy (21 July 2007). "Are anime providers stretching the law?".
2763:
2739:
Andy Ho (8 September 2007). "Intellectual property rights v. privacy".
976:
Sheralyn Tay (21 August 2007). "Odex: Settlements hardly cover costs".
439:
365:
183:
71:
70:(RIAA) in the United States. BayTSP took several months to obtain the
2205:"Odex case: PacNet need not reveal downloaders' names to distributor"
1847:
425:
75:
227:
article condemned these online responses as "propaganda" spread by "
414:
398:
369:
232:
228:
175:
1040:
Serene Luo (31 August 2007). "Odex defends 'enforcement action'".
1759:
1204:
Ansley Ng (18 September 2007). "Amid furore, Odex changes tack".
455:
The case was covered extensively by the country's newspapers. In
435:
328:
91:
87:
1990:"Odex says it is not going after illegal downloaders for profit"
397:
In early August 2008, seven months after the High Court ruling,
2760:, Stephen Sing (hosted by DarkMirage). Retrieved 16 August 2007
1640:"Angry anime fans plan defence against legal crackdown: Beware"
257:
244:
195:
1286:
Ansley Ng (24 August 2007). "Odex loses case against PacNet".
2770:
Grounds of decision, Odex Pte Ltd v. Pacific Internet Limited
1162:
497:
484:
and put together a library of relevant material. A letter to
49:
2709:
Andy Ho (2 September 2007). "Is it time for privacy laws?".
162:
606:
602:
434:
successfully obtained a court order against two major ISPs
191:
78:
as a major source of the downloads and tracked many of its
45:
2318:"BayTSP CEO flies to Singapore to support anime crackdown"
2141:
2472:"Japan's Showgate warns alleged Singaporean file-sharers"
2113:
Chua Hian Hou (22 November 2007). "Odex website hacked".
1646:. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. 17 August 2007. Archived from
208:
2016:"Anime BitTorrent users reportedly sent notices by ISPs"
919:
917:
915:
48:
is a Singapore-based company that licenses and releases
2758:
Odex's legal threat letter – "Illegal Online Downloads"
2686:
2684:
101:
Japanese copyright owners were represented by law firm
2377:
Zul Othman (31 October 2007). "Odex just won't quit".
1402:
1400:
1018:"Odex to hire independent auditor to show sincerity".
807:"Singapore anime licensor pursues illegal downloaders"
755:"No release of customer info to Odex to date: StarHub"
2266:"(SingNet) Broadband grows, no impact from Odex case"
1915:"Singapore: Rajah, Infinitus locked on anime IP suit"
1257:"S'porean incurs wrath after prosecuting downloaders"
912:
491:
Following District Judge Earnest Lau's ruling in the
392:
2681:
2628:"Hollywood goes after illegal downloaders in S'pore"
16:
Legal actions against illegal downloading activities
1397:
426:Similar actions in Singapore by other media owners
2464:
2779:
2575:"Japanese anime producer sends lawyer's letters"
2568:
2566:
2564:
2499:
2497:
1912:
1718:
1716:
1582:
1580:
268:to wear. A protest by a few people with several
202:(AVPAS) in making its demands for compensation.
2764:Notes from a Conversation with Dr. Toh See Kiat
2528:
2311:
2309:
1785:
1055:
1053:
1051:
562:"RIAA-style lawsuits hit Singapore anime scene"
470:National University of Singapore Faculty of Law
307:
2534:
1987:
1840:
1698:
1013:
1011:
971:
969:
953:
951:
867:
865:
863:
633:"Pacnet ordered to turn over customer records"
450:
2690:
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2494:
2439:
2424:
2391:
2361:
2346:
2315:
2297:
2263:
2187:
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737:
683:
666:
559:
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553:
2572:
2503:
2306:
2071:
2046:
1825:
1755:"Anime figurine protesters meet real police"
1722:
1604:
1586:
1406:
1300:
1221:"Give up names of illegal anime downloaders"
1218:
1093:
1059:
1048:
999:
975:
957:
923:
835:
174:Odex blamed the approximate 70% fall in its
2723:
2293:
2291:
2232:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2161:
2159:
2008:
1956:
1938:
1747:
1674:"Anime firm boss gets online death threats"
1667:
1665:
1600:
1598:
1254:
1155:
1062:"Poor subtitles because of censorship laws"
1008:
966:
948:
860:
752:
662:
660:
658:
630:
593:
591:
589:
324:was no defence for copyright infringement.
300:
2442:"Anime dispute tangled in legal minefield"
2420:
2418:
2406:
2400:
2385:
2376:
2370:
2121:
2108:
2106:
1934:
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1908:
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1501:
1485:
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1481:
1479:
1456:
1431:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1279:
1197:
1127:"Odex extends olive branch to downloaders"
1039:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
984:
882:
701:
699:
697:
550:
354:Anti Video Piracy Association of Singapore
241:on 22 August 2007 to explain its actions.
200:Anti Video Piracy Association of Singapore
141:system developed by BayTSP that generated
2704:
2702:
2228:
2226:
2202:
1952:
1950:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1779:
1547:
1285:
1203:
1089:
1087:
894:Intellectual Property Office of Singapore
786:
784:
782:
780:
746:
677:
283:digital rights management (DRM)-protected
68:Recording Industry Association of America
2288:
2196:
2174:
2156:
1981:
1662:
1595:
1562:
1525:"Getting anime illegally online? Beware"
1250:
1248:
1246:
655:
626:
624:
586:
538:Trade group efforts against file sharing
243:
161:
20:
2766:, 5parrowhawk. Retrieved 16 August 2007
2738:
2717:
2708:
2433:
2415:
2355:
2103:
2040:
1929:
1903:
1568:
1498:
1476:
1327:
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1182:
1026:
799:
694:
543:
387:
2780:
2732:
2699:
2340:
2257:
2223:
2049:"Odex takes on the world (by mistake)"
1947:
1925:from the original on 18 February 2012.
1867:
1634:
1632:
1516:
1452:from the original on 20 November 2008.
1367:
1294:
1149:
1118:
1084:
829:
777:
731:
719:from the original on 24 September 2008
285:anime episode at S$ 2 for seven days.
2506:"Hunt for illegal downloaders widens"
2235:"Odex loses court bid against PacNet"
2091:from the original on 14 February 2009
1913:Rashida Yosufzai (11 December 2008).
1834:
1786:Seah Chiang Nee (15 September 2007).
1267:from the original on 5 September 2008
1243:
1158:"Odex softens on illegal downloaders"
1137:from the original on 13 December 2007
838:"Court forces ISP to reveal culprits"
621:
2656:
2625:
1959:"Odex has copyright owners' support"
765:from the original on 29 January 2019
715:. Associated Press. 14 August 2007.
401:(previously Toshiba Entertainment),
359:
2482:from the original on 25 August 2008
2328:from the original on 20 August 2008
1629:
34:Odex's actions against file sharing
13:
2751:
2638:from the original on 10 April 2015
2276:from the original on 27 March 2008
1841:Andrew Leonard (18 October 2007).
1763:. 7 September 2007. Archived from
1441:Get Rea! – Somebody's Watching You
1381:. 13 February 2009. Archived from
1341:Chua Hian Hou (2 September 2007).
1125:Chua Hian Hou (5 September 2007).
393:Subsequent action by anime studios
327:In light of the decision, the ISP
14:
2829:
2669:from the original on 8 April 2015
2535:Mark Schilling (19 August 2008).
2452:from the original on 24 July 2008
2264:Chua Hian Hou (8 November 2007).
2087:(in Japanese). 20 November 2007.
2047:Liew Hanqing (22 November 2007).
1988:Foo Siew Shyan (30 August 2007).
1879:Chua Hian Hou (5 December 2008).
1723:Liew Hanqing (23 November 2007).
1409:"Trash that CD and buy a T-shirt"
1375:"No challenge is too big for her"
1170:from the original on 19 June 2008
1156:Victoria Ho (17 September 2007).
1094:Liew Hanqing (6 September 2007).
1060:Liew Hanqing (1 September 2007).
890:"IP in the News – 31 August 2007"
2803:High Court of Singapore case law
2316:Nate Anderson (28 August 2007).
2245:from the original on 6 July 2008
2211:from the original on 27 May 2008
2080:コムキャストが違法アニメのダウンローダーに警告？米国での奇妙な噂
2028:from the original on 6 July 2008
1996:from the original on 6 July 2008
1969:from the original on 6 July 2008
1672:Chua Hian Hou (16 August 2007).
1219:Liew Hanqing (31 January 2008).
896:. 31 August 2007. Archived from
817:from the original on 6 July 2008
643:from the original on 6 July 2008
605:. 20 August 2007. Archived from
574:from the original on 14 May 2008
560:Anderson Nate (27 August 2007).
290:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
2650:
2619:
2597:
2573:Liew Hanqing (15 August 2008).
2537:"Showgate sets piracy showdown"
2504:Liew Hanqing (28 August 2008).
2440:Chua Hian Hou (12 March 2008).
1855:from the original on 3 May 2008
1605:Liew Hanqing (16 August 2007).
1407:Liew Hanqing (21 August 2007).
924:Liew Hanqing (21 August 2007).
631:Victoria Ho (29 January 2008).
231:" and noted that some of these
190:against mature themes (such as
111:Subordinate Courts of Singapore
2626:Heng, Linette (7 April 2015).
2233:Victoria Ho (27 August 2007).
1957:Victoria Ho (30 August 2007).
1705:"Odex clarification article".
1438:Cheryl Fox (15 October 2007).
1301:Liew Hanqing (2 August 2007).
1255:Victoria Ho (17 August 2007).
926:"Speculation false, says Odex"
836:Liew Hanqing (9 August 2007).
512:on free speech; he called for
502:Infocomm Development Authority
1:
1523:Chua Hian Hou (1 June 2007).
753:Cassie Fong (13 March 2008).
430:In April 2015, the makers of
36:were Japan copyright owners'
2657:Tham, Irene (7 April 2015).
2203:Ansley Ng (23 August 2007).
1022:. Singapore. 31 August 2007.
712:International Herald Tribune
599:"Odex clarification article"
533:Legal issues with BitTorrent
308:Subordinate Courts' decision
170:circulating on the Internet.
153:
7:
1682:. p. 4. Archived from
527:BMG Canada Inc. v. John Doe
519:
451:Legal opinions and analysis
10:
2834:
1843:"Asian kung-fu generation"
1796:. Malaysia. Archived from
1303:"Parents get shock letter"
60:
42:Internet Service Providers
2542:Reed Business Information
1096:"It's been a PR disaster"
2079:
1788:"Getting message across"
1607:"Most hated most wanted"
1444:(TV-Series). Singapore:
493:Odex v. Pacific Internet
302:Odex v. Pacific Internet
127:non-disclosure agreement
516:to be quickly enacted.
349:Mobile Suit Gundam SEED
109:After rulings from the
52:for local and regional
2793:Copyright infringement
266:black awareness ribbon
253:
171:
30:
25:Odex's head office at
2808:Internet in Singapore
1725:"Odex website hacked"
247:
165:
24:
2813:Singaporean case law
2549:on 22 September 2008
2516:on 22 September 2008
2207:. Channel NewsAsia.
2024:. 19 November 2007.
1992:. Channel NewsAsia.
1816:, 16 September 2007)
1535:on 22 September 2008
1315:on 30 September 2007
1231:on 22 September 2008
936:on 22 September 2008
544:Notes and references
403:Geneon Entertainment
388:Further developments
38:pre-action discovery
2059:on 16 February 2009
1810:(Also published in
1800:on 15 February 2009
1686:on 21 February 2009
1385:on 20 February 2009
1072:on 12 December 2007
900:on 15 February 2009
248:Odex's website was
27:International Plaza
2478:. 14 August 2008.
2476:Anime News Network
2021:Anime News Network
1891:on 9 December 2008
1650:on 12 January 2013
1355:on 12 October 2007
1343:"Online lynch mob"
811:Anime News Network
432:Dallas Buyers Club
344:Anton Piller order
318:Subordinate Courts
294:hacked and defaced
254:
250:hacked and defaced
180:Digital Video Disc
172:
31:
2741:The Straits Times
2726:The Straits Times
2693:The Straits Times
2663:The Straits Times
2607:. 8 February 2017
2585:on 30 August 2008
2446:The Straits Times
2427:The Straits Times
2364:The Straits Times
2349:The Straits Times
2300:The Straits Times
2270:The Straits Times
2190:The Straits Times
2168:The Straits Times
2150:The Straits Times
2115:The Straits Times
1941:The Straits Times
1885:The Straits Times
1709:. 22 August 2007.
1707:The Straits Times
1679:The Straits Times
1589:The Straits Times
1571:The Straits Times
1529:The Straits Times
1510:The Straits Times
1492:The Straits Times
1191:The Straits Times
1131:The Straits Times
1042:The Straits Times
793:The Straits Times
740:The Straits Times
670:The Straits Times
609:on 8 October 2007
601:(Press release).
506:The Straits Times
486:The Straits Times
458:The Straits Times
360:High Court appeal
337:breach of privacy
333:Drew & Napier
331:, represented by
238:The Straits Times
115:letters of demand
2825:
2745:
2744:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2711:The Sunday Times
2706:
2697:
2696:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2581:. Archived from
2570:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2545:. Archived from
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2512:. Archived from
2501:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2398:
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2220:
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2200:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2172:
2171:
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2154:
2153:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2055:. Archived from
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1887:. Archived from
1876:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1813:The Brunei Times
1809:
1807:
1805:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1731:. Archived from
1720:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1617:on 27 March 2008
1613:. Archived from
1602:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1531:. Archived from
1520:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1454:
1453:
1446:Channel NewsAsia
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1415:. Archived from
1404:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1351:. Archived from
1348:The Sunday Times
1338:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1311:. Archived from
1298:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1252:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1227:. Archived from
1216:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1102:. Archived from
1091:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1068:. Archived from
1057:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1006:
1005:
997:
982:
981:
973:
964:
963:
955:
946:
945:
943:
941:
932:. Archived from
921:
910:
909:
907:
905:
886:
880:
879:
869:
858:
857:
855:
853:
844:. Archived from
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
803:
797:
796:
788:
775:
774:
772:
770:
750:
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743:
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729:
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724:
703:
692:
691:
681:
675:
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664:
653:
652:
650:
648:
628:
619:
618:
616:
614:
595:
584:
583:
581:
579:
557:
322:right to privacy
314:Pacific Internet
270:action figurines
143:cease and desist
103:Rajah & Tann
96:Pacific Internet
2833:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2778:
2777:
2754:
2752:Further reading
2749:
2748:
2737:
2733:
2722:
2718:
2707:
2700:
2689:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2655:
2651:
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2390:
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2329:
2314:
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2279:
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2258:
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2231:
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2201:
2197:
2186:
2175:
2164:
2157:
2146:
2142:
2129:
2122:
2111:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1955:
1948:
1937:
1930:
1911:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1839:
1835:
1824:
1820:
1803:
1801:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1721:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1670:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1644:The Earth Times
1638:
1637:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1596:
1585:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1521:
1517:
1506:
1499:
1488:
1477:
1466:
1457:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1419:on 12 June 2008
1405:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1339:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1299:
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1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1253:
1244:
1234:
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1213:
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1198:
1187:
1183:
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1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1092:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1058:
1049:
1038:
1027:
1017:
1016:
1009:
998:
985:
974:
967:
956:
949:
939:
937:
922:
913:
903:
901:
888:
887:
883:
870:
861:
851:
849:
834:
830:
820:
818:
813:. 3 July 2007.
805:
804:
800:
789:
778:
768:
766:
751:
747:
736:
732:
722:
720:
705:
704:
695:
682:
678:
665:
656:
646:
644:
629:
622:
612:
610:
597:
596:
587:
577:
575:
558:
551:
546:
522:
510:chilling effect
453:
428:
395:
390:
362:
310:
305:
279:video on demand
188:censorship laws
156:
63:
54:Southeast Asian
17:
12:
11:
5:
2831:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2788:Anime industry
2774:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2731:
2716:
2698:
2680:
2649:
2618:
2596:
2560:
2527:
2493:
2463:
2432:
2414:
2399:
2384:
2369:
2354:
2339:
2305:
2287:
2256:
2222:
2195:
2173:
2155:
2140:
2120:
2102:
2070:
2039:
2007:
1980:
1946:
1928:
1902:
1866:
1833:
1818:
1778:
1746:
1735:on 28 May 2008
1712:
1697:
1661:
1628:
1594:
1576:
1561:
1546:
1515:
1497:
1475:
1455:
1430:
1396:
1366:
1326:
1293:
1278:
1242:
1211:
1196:
1181:
1148:
1117:
1106:on 28 May 2008
1083:
1047:
1025:
1007:
983:
965:
947:
911:
881:
859:
848:on 28 May 2008
828:
798:
776:
745:
730:
693:
676:
654:
620:
585:
548:
547:
545:
542:
541:
540:
535:
530:
521:
518:
452:
449:
444:demand letters
427:
424:
394:
391:
389:
386:
378:Toei Animation
361:
358:
309:
306:
304:
299:
262:Xedo Holocaust
168:Xedo Holocaust
155:
152:
62:
59:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2830:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2705:
2703:
2694:
2687:
2685:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2637:
2633:
2632:The New Paper
2629:
2622:
2606:
2600:
2584:
2580:
2579:The New Paper
2576:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2515:
2511:
2510:The New Paper
2507:
2500:
2498:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2358:
2350:
2343:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2227:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2162:
2160:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2090:
2086:
2085:AnimeAnime.jp
2082:
2074:
2058:
2054:
2053:The New Paper
2050:
2043:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2011:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1814:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1767:on 9 May 2008
1766:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1734:
1730:
1729:The New Paper
1726:
1719:
1717:
1708:
1701:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1616:
1612:
1611:The New Paper
1608:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1573:. p. 27.
1572:
1565:
1557:
1550:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1511:
1504:
1502:
1493:
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1480:
1471:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1418:
1414:
1413:The New Paper
1410:
1403:
1401:
1384:
1380:
1379:The New Paper
1376:
1370:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1308:The New Paper
1304:
1297:
1289:
1282:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1230:
1226:
1225:The New Paper
1222:
1215:
1207:
1200:
1192:
1185:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1105:
1101:
1100:The New Paper
1097:
1090:
1088:
1071:
1067:
1066:The New Paper
1063:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1003:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
979:
972:
970:
961:
954:
952:
935:
931:
930:The New Paper
927:
920:
918:
916:
899:
895:
891:
885:
877:
876:
868:
866:
864:
847:
843:
842:The New Paper
839:
832:
816:
812:
808:
802:
794:
787:
785:
783:
781:
764:
761:. Singapore.
760:
756:
749:
741:
734:
718:
714:
713:
708:
702:
700:
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689:
688:
680:
672:
671:
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531:
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