2305:" for programming in English and vernacular languages such as Chinese and Tamil and foreign languages such as Hindi and Korean except certain programs dubbed into Malay such as anime, news programs in respective vernacular languages (news reports in vernacular language news programs with foreign people speaking are translated in subtitles) and certain Malay-language live action programs subtitled in English. Also appearing for certain Indonesian programming excluding live, current affairs and news programming since 2006. All movies on 35 mm film subtitled in Malaysian and Simplified Chinese. Usually, animation and 3D movies are exempted from subtitling (though studios may choose to add subtitles at their discretion). Indian and Chinese movies usually have subtitles of more than one languages)
1187:
1175:
1199:
1125:
blocks a large portion of the view. Closed captioning is falling out of favor as many users have no difficulty reading SDH subtitles, which are text with contrast outline. In addition, DVD subtitles can specify many colors on the same character: primary, outline, shadow, and background. This allows subtitlers to display subtitles on a usually translucent band for easier reading; however, this is rare, since most subtitles use an outline and shadow instead, in order to block a smaller portion of the picture. Closed captions may still supersede DVD subtitles, since many SDH subtitles present all of the text centered (an example of this is DVDs and Blu-ray Discs manufactured by
1163:
4660:
that came with the converter box. If your converter box. If your converter box is equipped to generate captions in this way, then follow the instructions that came with the converter box to turn the captioning feature on/off via your converter box or converter box remote control. When you access the closed captions in the way, you also will be able to change the way your digital captions look. The converter box will come with instructions on how to change the caption size, font, caption color, background color, and opacity. This ability to adjust your captions is something you cannot do now with an analog television and analog captions.
1574:
dialogue. Especially in the field of commercial subtitles, the subtitle translator often interprets what is meant, rather than translating the manner in which the dialogue is stated; that is, the meaning is more important than the formβthe audience does not always appreciate this, as it can be frustrating for people who are familiar with some of the spoken language; spoken language may contain verbal padding or culturally implied meanings that cannot be conveyed in the written subtitles. Also, the subtitle translator may also condense the dialogue to achieve an acceptable reading speed, whereby purpose is more important than form.
1211:
4557:
limited to pre-scripted materials and, therefore, covers 100% of the news, weather and sports segments of a typical local news broadcast. It will cover such things as the weather and sports segments which are typically not pre-scripted, last second breaking news or changes to the scripts, ad lib conversations of the broadcasters, emergency or other live remote broadcasts by reporters in the field. By failing to cover items such as these, newsroom style captioning (or use of the TelePrompTer for captioning) typically results in coverage of less than 30% of a local news broadcast. β¦ 2002
576:
1262:(SLS) is the use of synchronized captioning of musical lyrics (or any text with an audio or video source) as a repeated reading activity. The basic reading activity involves students viewing a short subtitled presentation projected onscreen, while completing a response worksheet. To be really effective, the subtitling should have high quality synchronization of audio and text, and better yet, subtitling should change color in syllabic synchronization to audio model, and the text should be at a level to challenge students' language abilities. Studies (including those by the
1045:(e.g., there, their, they're), is particularly unsuited to easy transcriptions. Stenographers working in courts and inquiries usually have 24 hours in which to deliver their transcripts. Consequently, they may enter the same phonetic stenographic codes for a variety of homophones, and fix up the spelling later. Real-time stenographers must deliver their transcriptions accurately and immediately. They must therefore develop techniques for keying homophones differently, and be unswayed by the pressures of delivering accurate product on immediate demand.
1783:
recorded on a separate sound track, dubbing a low quality production into a second language produces little or no noticeable effect on the viewing experience. In dubbed live-action television or film, however, viewers are often distracted by the fact that the audio does not match the actors' lip movements. Furthermore, the dubbed voices may seem detached, inappropriate for the character, or overly expressive, and some ambient sounds may not be transferred to the dubbed track, creating a less enjoyable viewing experience.
1362:
928:
164:
1792:
991:, as a result of regulations that stipulate that virtually all TV eventually must be accessible for people who are deaf and hard-of-hearing. In practice, however, these "real time" subtitles will typically lag the audio by several seconds due to the inherent delay in transcribing, encoding, and transmitting the subtitles. Real time subtitles are also challenged by typographic errors or mishearing of the spoken words, with no time available to correct before transmission.
2237:(non-Hebrew television programs and films are always translated into Hebrew with subtitles. Bilingual Hebrew-Arabic or Hebrew-Russian subtitling, showing translation into both languages simultaneously, is common on public TV channels. Dubbing is restricted to programs and films aimed at children below school age. As of 2008 the closed captioning industry in Israel is on the rise since a law has been approved, stating that all Hebrew programs in
1505:
47:
3767:
2079:-language content is typically disapproved by Croatian government bodies, with the independent regulatory Council for Electronic Media using laws that oblige media services to air foreign-language progammes with translations into Croatian to warn and threaten to revoke operating licenses to television operators who refuse to adhere to it; rare instances of such subtitling usually end up being ridiculed by the public)
2670:) are intended for people who are hearing impaired, providing information about music, environmental sounds and off-screen speakers (e.g. when a doorbell rings or a gunshot is heard). In other words, they indicate the kinds and the sources of the sounds coming from the movie, and usually put this information inside brackets to demarcate it from actors' dialogues. For example: , , , .
905:
vocabulary and proper names. This problem can be compounded with poor audio quality (drops in audio, background noise, and people talking over each other, for example). Disability rights groups have emphasised the need for these captions to be reviewed by a human prior to publishing, particularly in cases where students' grades may be adversely affected by inadequate captioning.
974:. From the expression "closed captions", the word "caption" has in recent years come to mean a subtitle intended for the deaf or hard-of-hearing, be it "open" or "closed". In British English, "subtitles" usually refers to subtitles for the deaf or hard-of-hearing (SDH); however, the term "SDH" is sometimes used when there is a need to make a distinction between the two.
1593:"), or as a separate block of on-screen textβthis allows the subtitle translator to preserve form and achieve an acceptable reading speed; that is, the subtitle translator may leave a note on the screen, even after the character has finished speaking, to both preserve form and facilitate understanding. For example, Japanese has multiple first-person pronouns (see
3878:, one character speaks in a foreign language, while another character hides under the bed. Although the hidden character cannot understand what is being spoken, he can read the subtitles. Since the subtitles are overlaid on the film, they appear to be reversed from his point of view. His attempt to puzzle out these subtitles enhances the humor of the scene.
4200:", the second verse is subtitled as a way to mock the supposed unintelligibility of the song. One of the lines is "It's hard to bargle nawdle zouss???" (with three question marks), which has no meaning, but is explained by the following line, "With all these marbles in my mouth". While singing the latter, Yankovic indeed spits out a couple of marbles.
1008:
segments of a typical local news broadcast which are typically not pre-scripted. This includes last-second breaking news or changes to the scripts, ad-lib conversations of the broadcasters, and emergency or other live remote broadcasts by reporters in-the-field. By failing to cover items such as these, newsroom style captioning (or use of the
2815:(though they are contained in the same file as the video stream). It is possible to turn them off or have multiple language subtitles and switch among them, but the player has to support such subtitles to display them. Also, subtitles are usually encoded as images with minimal bitrate and number of colors; they usually lack
4875:"McCall, W. (2008). Same-Language-Subtitling and Karaoke: The Use of Subtitled Music as a Reading Activity in a High School Special Education Classroom. In K. McFerrin et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education International Conference 2008 (pp. 1190β1195). Chesapeake, VA: AACE"
1878:: The Dutch-speaking region occasionally produces its own dubbing versions (but usually uses the same ones as the Netherlands), otherwise solely subtitles. The French-speaking region of Wallonia and the German-speaking region of East Belgium use exclusively full-cast dubbing for both films and TV series.
2686:, or a sign, flag, or other text in a scene is not translated in the localization and dubbing process. In some cases, foreign dialogue may be left untranslated if the movie is meant to be seen from the point of view of a particular character who does not speak the language in question. For example, in
2702:
subtitles are a North
American Secondary Industry (non-Hollywood, often low-budget) staple. They add content dictation that is missing from filmed action or dialogue. Due to the general low-budget allowances in such films, it is often more feasible to add the overlay subtitles to fill in information.
1778:
subtitles and dubbing. Often in such cases, the translations are made separately, rather than the subtitles being a verbatim transcript of the dubbed scenes of the film. While this allows for the smoothest possible flow of the subtitles, it can be frustrating for someone attempting to learn a foreign
1111:
Offline captioning involves a five-step design and editing process, and does much more than simply display the text of a program. Offline captioning helps the viewer follow a story line, become aware of mood and feeling, and allows them to fully enjoy the entire viewing experience. Offline captioning
1003:
Newsroom captioning involves the automatic transfer of text from the newsroom computer system to a device which outputs it as captions. It does work, but its suitability as an exclusive system would only apply to programs which had been scripted in their entirety on the newsroom computer system, such
3851:
dialogue is subtitled using white type that blends in with white objects in the background. An example is when white binders turn the subtitle "I have a huge rodent problem" into "I have a huge rod." After many cases of this, Mr. Roboto says "Why don't I just speak
English?", in English. In the same
2863:
troubles for the end-user, especially if different languages are used simultaneously (for example, Latin and Asian scripts). A subtitle track with time stamp also allows for accurate time keeping after having paused the video recording, which would otherwise cause discrepancy between the duration of
1770:
countries, local network television will show dubbed versions of
English-language programs and movies, while cable stations (often international) more commonly broadcast subtitled material. Preference for subtitles or dubbing varies according to individual taste and reading ability, and theaters may
1120:
Subtitles for the deaf or hard-of-hearing (SDH) is an
American term introduced by the DVD industry. It refers to regular subtitles in the original language where important non-dialogue information has been added, as well as speaker identification, which may be useful when the viewer cannot otherwise
4659:
In addition to passing through closed caption signals, many converter boxes also include the ability to take over the captioning role that the tuner plays in your analog TV set. To determine whether your converter box is equipped to generate captions in this way, you should refer to the user manual
3725:
Most times a foreign language is spoken in film, subtitles are used to translate the dialogue for the viewer. However, there are occasions when foreign dialogue is left unsubtitled (and thus incomprehensible to most of the target audience). This is often done if the movie is seen predominantly from
1737:
decided to dub the foreign voices, while the rest of Europe elected to display the dialogue as translated subtitles. The choice was largely due to financial reasons (subtitling is more economical and quicker than dubbing), but during the 1930s it also became a political preference in
Germany, Italy
1140:
DVDs for the U.S. market now sometimes have three forms of
English subtitles: SDH subtitles; English subtitles, helpful for viewers who may not be hearing impaired but whose first language may not be English (although they are usually an exact transcript and not simplified); and closed caption data
1076:
Because different programs are produced under different conditions, a case-by-case basis must consequently determine captioning methodology. Some bulletins may have a high incidence of truly live material, or insufficient access to video feeds and scripts may be provided to the captioning facility,
1067:
The NWPC concluded that the standard they accept is the comprehensive real-time method, which gives them access to the commentary in its entirety. Also, not all sports are live. Many events are pre-recorded hours before they are broadcast, allowing a captioner to caption them using offline methods.
4599:
Premiere
Offline involves a five-step design and editing process, and does much more than simply display the text of a program. Premiere Offline helps the viewer follow a story line, become aware of mood and feeling, and allows them to fully enjoy the entire viewing experience. Premiere Offline is
4158:
episode "Lisa's Mudder Comes for a Visit" (season 5 episode 1), Lisa and her mother converse in
Hungarian, with English subtitles. First, Lisa looks down and corrects the subtitles, "No no no, I said you hadn't changed a bit! We have a lot of trouble here with subtitles", and they change. Mother's
4113:
episode, the subtitles make more sense of the story than the Korean language being spoken. The subtitles are made to appear as though written by someone with a poor understanding of grammar and are often intentionally made longer than what they actually say in the drama. For example, an actor says
1746:
Dubbing is still the norm and favored form in these four countries, but the proportion of subtitling is slowly growing, mainly to save cost and turnaround-time, but also due to a growing acceptance among younger generations, who are better readers and increasingly have a basic knowledge of
English
1124:
The only significant difference for the user between SDH subtitles and closed captions is their appearance: SDH subtitles usually are displayed with the same proportional font used for the translation subtitles on the DVD; however, closed captions are displayed as white text on a black band, which
999:
Some programs may be prepared in their entirety several hours before broadcast, but with insufficient time to prepare a timecoded caption file for automatic play-out. Pre-prepared captions look similar to offline captions, although the accuracy of cueing may be compromised slightly as the captions
904:
Automatic captions are generally less accurate than human-typed captions. Automatic captions regularly fail to distinguish between similar-sounding words, such as to, two, and too. This can be particularly problematic with educational material, such as lecture recordings, that may include uncommon
742:
Professional subtitlers usually work with specialized computer software and hardware where the video is digitally stored on a hard disk, making each frame instantly accessible. Besides creating the subtitles, the subtitler usually tells the computer software the exact positions where each subtitle
1565:
Translation basically means conversion of one language into another language in written or spoken form. Subtitles can be used to translate dialogue from a foreign language into the native language of the audience. It is not only the quickest and cheapest method of translating content, but is also
1311:, subtitling is common in all taped television programs and films. In these countries, written text remains mostly uniform while regional dialects in the spoken form can be mutually unintelligible. Therefore, subtitling offers a distinct advantage to aid comprehension. With subtitles, programs in
1250:
Although same-language subtitles and captions are produced primarily with the deaf and hard-of-hearing in mind, many others use them for convenience. Subtitles are increasingly popular among younger viewers for improved understanding and faster comprehension. Subtitles allow viewers to understand
1037:
software and re-voicing the dialogue. Speech recognition technology has advanced so quickly in the United States that about half of all live captioning was through speech recognition as of 2005. Real-time captions look different from offline captions, as they are presented as a continuous flow of
4556:
Caption
Colorado offers "real-time" closed captioning that utilizes unique technologies coupled with the talents of highly skilled captioners who use stenographic court reporting machines to transcribe the audio on the fly, as the words are spoken by the broadcasters. real-time captioning is not
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subtitles combine the standard subtitle track with the localization subtitle track. Originally found only on Celestial DVDs in the early 2000s, the format has expanded to many export-intended releases from China, Japan, India, and Taiwan. The term "Expanded Subtitles" is owned by Celestial, with
1782:
In the traditional subtitling countries, dubbing is generally regarded as something strange and unnatural and is only used for animated films and TV programs intended for pre-school children. As animated films are "dubbed" even in their original language and ambient noise and effects are usually
2854:
to be optionally displayed during playback. It requires player support and, moreover, there are multiple incompatible (but usually reciprocally convertible) subtitle file formats, but enables greater versatility in post production. Softsubs are relatively easy to create and change, and thus are
1750:
Nevertheless, in Spain, for example, only public TV channels show subtitled foreign films, usually at late night. It is extremely rare that any Spanish TV channel shows subtitled versions of TV programs, series or documentaries. With the advent of digital land broadcast TV, it has become common
1294:
In some Asian television programming, captioning is considered a part of the genre, and has evolved beyond simply capturing what is being said. The captions are used artistically; it is common to see the words appear one by one as they are spoken, in a multitude of fonts, colors, and sizes that
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for fictional material where a narrator tells the audience what the actors are saying while their voices can be heard in the background. Lectoring is common for television in Russia, Poland, and a few other East European countries, while cinemas in these countries commonly show films dubbed or
4064:'s character understands an Asian character's line of dialogue from reading the on-screen subtitle. The subtitle is even in reverse when his character reads the line. Later, an exclamation made by another Asian character is subtitled, but both the spoken words and the subtitles are in Chinese.
1624:
displays standard captions representing speech from the program audio, word-for-word, if the viewer selects "CC1" by using the television remote control or on-screen menu; however, they also provide edited captions to present simplified sentences at a slower rate, if the viewer selects "CC2".
1619:
Some subtitlers purposely provide edited subtitles or captions to match the needs of their audience, for learners of the spoken dialogue as a second or foreign language, visual learners, beginning readers who are deaf or hard of hearing and for people with learning or mental disabilities. For
1241:
dismissed the suit in September 2016, ruling that allegations of civil rights violations did not present evidence of intentional discrimination against viewers with disabilities, and that allegations over misrepresenting the extent of subtitles "fall far short of demonstrating that reasonable
1107:
For non-live, or pre-recorded programs, television program providers can choose offline captioning. Captioners gear offline captioning toward the high-end television industry, providing highly customized captioning features, such as pop-on style captions, specialized screen placement, speaker
1048:
Submissions to recent captioning-related inquiries have revealed concerns from broadcasters about captioning sports. Captioning sports may also affect many different people because of the weather outside of it. In much sport captioning's absence, the Australian Caption Centre submitted to the
1007:
In the United States and Canada, some broadcasters have used it exclusively and simply left uncaptioned sections of the bulletin for which a script was unavailable. Newsroom captioning limits captions to pre-scripted materials and, therefore, does not cover all of the news, weather and sports
1610:
Real-time translation subtitling usually involves an interpreter and a stenographer working concurrently, whereby the former quickly translates the dialogue while the latter types; this form of subtitling is rare. The unavoidable delay, typing errors, lack of editing, and high cost mean that
1573:
of written text or written language. Usually, during the process of creating subtitles for a film or television program, the picture and each sentence of the audio are analyzed by the subtitle translator; also, the subtitle translator may or may not have access to a written transcript of the
4188:
In Vance Joy's music video "Riptide" it shows a woman singing the lyrics to the song. At many points the lyrics which are sung "I got a lump in my throat cause you're gonna sing the words wrong" are deliberately mis-subtitled as "I got a lump in my throat cause you gone and sank the worlds
4089:
into American theatres with subtitles not only so people could understand the thick Scottish accents, but also to make fun of what he believes to be many Americans' need for them (mentioned in the theatrical trailer). Many of Loach's films contain traditional dialect, with some (e.g.
1344:. However, this did not guarantee that the films could be understood by non-Mandarin-speaking audiences, and dubbing into different varieties was seen as too costly. The decision was thus made to include Standard Chinese subtitles in all Shaw Brothers films. As the films were made in
743:
should appear and disappear. For cinema films, this task is traditionally done by separate technicians. The result is a subtitle file containing the actual subtitles and position markers indicating where each subtitle should appear and disappear. These markers are usually based on
2797:) etc. to follow the lyrics. However, these subtitles cannot be turned off unless the original video is also included in the distribution as they are now part of the original frame, and thus it is impossible to have several variants of subtitling, such as in multiple languages.
710:
Third, subtitles need to be displayed to the audience. Open subtitles are always shown whenever the video is played because they are part of it. However, displaying closed subtitles is optional since they are overlaid onto the video by whatever is playing it. For example,
3937:) for speeding, a German police officer realizes that Hfuhruhurr can speak English. He asks his colleague in their squad car to turn off the subtitles, and indicates toward the bottom of the screen, commenting that "This is better β we have more room down there now".
1742:
that ensured that foreign views and ideas could be stopped from reaching the local audience, as dubbing makes it possible to create a dialogue which is totally different from the original. In larger German cities a few "special cinemas" use subtitling instead of dubbing.
2381:. Television programming directed toward children and family-friendly films are dubbed, although cinemas often offer subtitled late-evening screenings of the latter. The off-screen narration in documentaries may be dubbed, although on-screen dialogue is always subtitled)
2191:. Television programming directed toward children and family-friendly films are dubbed, although cinemas often offer subtitled late-evening screenings of the latter. The off-screen narration in documentaries may be dubbed, although on-screen dialogue is always subtitled)
2101:. Television programming directed toward children and family-friendly films are dubbed, although cinemas often offer subtitled late-evening screenings of the latter. The off-screen narration in documentaries may be dubbed, although on-screen dialogue is always subtitled)
949:
Closed captioning is the American term for closed subtitles specifically intended for people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. These are a transcription rather than a translation, and usually also contain lyrics and descriptions of important non-dialogue audio such as
1087:
Current affairs programs usually require stenographic assistance. Even though the segments which comprise a current affairs program may be produced in advance, they are usually done so just before on-air time and their duration makes QWERTY input of text unfeasible.
3667:
format defined by Technical Reference 3264-E is an 'open' format intended for subtitle exchange between broadcasters. Files in this format have the extension .stl (not to be mixed up with text "Spruce subtitle format" mentioned above, which also has extension .stl)
1392:
670:
Creating, delivering, and displaying subtitles is a complicated and multi-step endeavor. First, the text of the subtitles needs to be written. When there is plenty of time to prepare, this process can be done by hand. However, for media produced in real-time, like
1152:) uses SDH subtitles as the sole method because technical specifications do not require HD to support line 21 closed captions. Some Blu-ray Discs, however, are said to carry a closed caption stream that only displays through standard-definition connections. Many
1251:
dialogue that is poorly enunciated, delivered quietly, in unfamiliar dialects, or spoken by background characters. A 2021 UK survey found that 80% of viewers between 18 and 25 regularly used subtitles, while less than a quarter of those between 56 and 75 did.
2533:. Television programming directed toward children and family-friendly films are dubbed, although cinemas often offer subtitled late-evening screenings of the latter. The off-screen narration in documentaries, although on-screen dialogue is always subtitled)
715:
might be used to combine closed subtitles with the video itself. In some theaters or venues, a dedicated screen or screens are used to display subtitles. If that dedicated screen is above rather than below the main display area, the subtitles are called
4595:
Premiere Offline Captioning is geared toward the high-end television industry, providing highly customized captioning features, such as pop-on style captions, specialized screen placement, speaker identifications, italics, special characters, and sound
4163:
barking with the subtitles "I've seen better doghouses than this" with Lisa responding "We're not interested in what the dog says", and the subtitles disappear. Later, the subtitles ask farmhand Eb if they will be needing any more subtitles for the
3946:, the Swedish subtitler switches to English and promotes his country, until the introduction is cut off and the subtitler "sacked". In the DVD version of the same film, the viewer could choose, instead of hearing aid and local languages, lines from
1921:-language subtitling, used for foreign programming and cinema and often used when Arabic dialects are the primary medium of a film or TV program. Countries such as Lebanon, Algeria, and Morocco also often include French subtitling simultaneously.
1032:
keyboards to transcribe stenographic input for presentation as captions within two or three seconds of the representing audio, must caption anything which is purely live and unscripted; however, more recent developments include operators using
3753:. Subtitles are used on all 3 the English, Spanish (only Chapter 11) and Portuguese (Chapter 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14 only) dialogues, but the latter is left untranslated as the main character does not understand the language.
1129:), while closed captions usually specify position on the screen: centered, left align, right align, top, etc. This is helpful for speaker identification and overlapping conversation. Some SDH subtitles (such as the subtitles of newer
1751:
practice in Spain to provide optional audio and subtitle streams that allow watching dubbed programs with the original audio and subtitles. In addition, only a small proportion of cinemas show subtitled films. Films with dialogue in
1611:
real-time translation subtitling is in low demand. Allowing the interpreter to directly speak to the viewers is usually both cheaper and quicker; however, the translation is not accessible to people who are deaf and hard-of-hearing.
2769:
subtitles are designed for a certain group of viewers, and can usually be turned on or off or selected by the viewer β examples being teletext pages, U.S. Closed captions (608/708), DVB Bitmap subtitles, DVD or Blu-ray subtitles.
1597:) and each pronoun is associated with a different degree of politeness. In order to compensate during the English translation process, the subtitle translator may reformulate the sentence, add appropriate words or use notes.
4453:
1406:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1141:
that is decoded by the end-user's closed caption decoder. Most anime releases in the U.S. only include translations of the original material as subtitles; therefore, SDH subtitles of English dubs ("dubtitles") are uncommon.
1242:
consumers would actually be deceived as to the amount of subtitled content provided, as there are no representations whatsoever that all song lyrics would be captioned, or even that the content would be 'fully' captioned."
2640:(Belgium) films are usually dubbed, but sometimes they are played on two channels at the same time: one dubbed (on La Une) and the other subtitled (on La Deux), but this is no longer done as frequently due to low ratings.
706:
subtitles are stored separately, allowing subtitles in different languages to be used without changing the video itself. In either case, a wide variety of technical approaches and formats are used to encode the subtitles.
2788:
subtitles). The subtitle text is irreversibly merged in original video frames, and so no special equipment or software is required for playback. Hence, complex transition effects and animation can be implemented, such as
776:
Subtitles can also be created by individuals using freely available subtitle-creation software like Subtitle Workshop, MovieCaptioner or Subtitle Composer, and then hardcode them onto a video file with programs such as
2731:. Often shown in popup or balloon form, they point out background, behind-the-scenes information relative to what is appearing on screen, often indicating filming and performance mistakes in continuity or consistency.
982:
Programs such as news bulletins, current affairs programs, sports, some talk shows, and political and special events utilize real time or online captioning. Live captioning is increasingly common, especially in the
4149:, the character Ling-Ling can only be understood through English subtitles, as his dialogue is delivered in a nonexistent language referred to as "Japorean" by Abbey DiGregorio, the voice actress for the character.
2703:
They are most commonly seen on America's Maverick films as forced subtitles, and on Canada's MapleLeaf films as optional subtitles. Content subtitles also appear in the beginning of some higher-budget films (e.g.,
514:
4051:, Russian dialogues are translated by subtitles which are designed accordingly to the depicted events. For instance, subtitles dissolve in water like blood, tremble along with a shaking floor or get cut by sword.
4204:
One unintentional source of humor in subtitles comes from illegal DVDs produced in non-English-speaking countries (especially China). These DVDs often contain poorly worded subtitle tracks, possibly produced by
3781:
4140:
are shown as subtitles when Broomhilde attempts to jump on to the saddle off a balcony, as Maid Marion had done gracefully moments earlier. As Farfelkugel shudders, the subtitles show "She must be kidding!"
4449:
1771:
order two prints of the most popular films, allowing moviegoers to choose between dubbing or subtitles. Animation and children's programming, however, is nearly universally dubbed, as in other regions.
1274:
in school-aged children. Same-language captioning can improve literacy and reading growth across a broad range of reading abilities. It is used for this purpose by national television broadcasters in
4036:, at one point Norbert begins to speak with such a heavy European accent that his words are subtitled on the bottom of the screen. Daggett actually touches the subtitles, shoving them out of the way.
1186:
4123:, a journalist interviews a group of Afghan terrorists in English, but one of them gets subtitled and sees it. He gets mad because he takes as an insult that he is the only one to get subtitled.
4077:, one scene involving two characters talking about their murder plan in Yiddish to prevent anyone from knowing about it, only to be foiled by a man on the bench reading the on-screen subtitles.
1221:
Song lyrics are not always captioned, as additional copyright permissions may be required to reproduce the lyrics on-screen as part of the subtitle track. In October 2015, major studios and
5529:
1860: Countries which occasionally produce their own dubbings, but generally instead use dubbing versions from neighboring countries produced in mutually intelligible languages instead (
1661:
The preference for dubbing or subtitling in various countries is largely based on decisions made in the late 1920s and early 1930s. With the arrival of sound film, the film importers in
2676:
is the most common type of subtitle in which spoken dialogue is displayed. These are most commonly used to translate a film with one spoken language and the text of a second language.
4464:
3856:
to make the content of their conversation unintelligible; subtitles appear for the first part of the conversation, but then cease and are replaced with a series of question marks.
1174:
5509:
2039:(Most Chinese language programming includes subtitles in Chinese, since many languages and dialects are spoken by the populace, but the writing system is independent of dialects)
2737:
subtitles are a separate subtitle track that uses expanded references (i.e., "The sake was excellent as was the Wasabi") or can replace the standardized subtitle track with a
1084:
import, and the newsroom computer. This allows one facility to handle a variety of online captioning requirements and to ensure that captioners properly caption all programs.
3777:
3986:
character Areola speaks lightly accented English, but her dialogue is subtitled anyway. Also, the text is spaced in such a way that a view of her bare breasts is unhindered.
4339:
situation: newscasters and public officials from the country use a "high" or formal variety which is relatively intelligible to Malaysians, popular media like soap operas (
188:
747:
if it is a work for electronic media (e.g., TV, video, DVD) or on film length (measured in feet and frames) if the subtitles are to be used for traditional cinema film.
3657:
Subtitles created for TV broadcast are stored in a variety of file formats. The majority of these formats are proprietary to the vendors of subtitle insertion systems.
4015:(English words that sound close to what is actually being sung in the song in the non-English language). These fake lyrics are a major staple of the Animutation genre.
1763:
are always dubbed, not subtitled, when they are shown in the rest of the country. Some non-Spanish-speaking TV stations subtitle interviews in Spanish; others do not.
1091:
News bulletins, on the other hand, can often be captioned without stenographic input (unless there are live crosses or ad-libbing by the presenters). This is because:
3726:
the viewpoint of a particular character who does not speak the language. Such absence of subtitles allows the audience to feel a similar sense of incomprehension and
4348:
4727:
1049:
National Working Party on Captioning (NWPC), in November 1998, three examples of sport captioning, each performed on tennis, rugby league and swimming programs:
4497:
4613:
4590:
For non-live, or pre-recorded programs, you can choose from two presentation styles models for offline captioning or transcription needs in English or Spanish.
4412:
1848:. This method is mainly used in television broadcasts and home media, but these countries generally also use dubbing or subtitles as well in other contexts.
761:
and later superimposed on the picture by the end user with the help of an external decoder or a decoder built into the TV (closed subtitles on TV or video);
5006:
1162:
1098:
Individual news stories are of short duration, so even if they are made available only just prior to broadcast, there is still time to use QWERTY in text.
4983:
4962:
1581:, the subtitle translator may translate both form and meaning. The subtitle translator may also choose to display a note in the subtitles, usually in
5214:
4159:
Japanese chauffeur asks "I begga pardon β I bringa bags inna house?" that elicits a gong sound and Japanese subtitles. This is followed by Mother's
1409:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
4211:
524:
5476:
2604:
It is also common that television services in minority languages subtitle their programs in the dominant language as well. Examples include the
1198:
734:, subtitles may be shown on a separate display below the screen, thus saving the filmmaker from creating a subtitled copy for just one showing.
3660:
Broadcast subtitle formats include: .ESY, .XIF, .X32, .PAC, .RAC, .CHK, .AYA, .890, .CIP, .CAP, .ULT, .USF, .CIN, .L32, .ST4, .ST7, .TIT, .STL
3010:
None, though subtitles added by re-encoding of the original video may degrade overall image quality, and the sharp edges of text may introduce
2717:
are typically used by dubbed programs and provide only the text for any untranslated on-screen text. They are most commonly forced (see above).
1637:(FCC) recommends translation subtitles be placed in CC3. CC4, which shares bandwidth with CC3, is also available, but programs seldom use it.
4137:
3911:, Susie Chef and Mater speak Chinese with English subtitles and Luigi, Mama Lopolino and Uncle Topolino speak Italian with English subtitles.
427:
2859:. Text rendering quality can vary depending on the player, but is generally higher than prerendered subtitles. Also, some formats introduce
4295:
3675:
2241:
must be subtitled for the hearing impaired. Moreover, in recent years it became a norm in other channels and broadcasting bodies in Israel)
801:
4240:
4751:
1340:. In a bid to reach the largest audience possible, Shaw had already recorded his films in Mandarin, reasoning it would be most universal
536:
5244:
1210:
1060:
input to type summary captions yielding the essence of what the commentators are saying, delayed due to the limitations of QWERTY input.
772:
graphics that are later superimposed on the picture by the end user's equipment (closed subtitles on DVD or as part of a DVB broadcast).
562:
5419:
2807:) subtitles are separate video frames that are overlaid on the original video stream while playing. Prerendered subtitles are used on
1080:
News captioning applications currently available are designed to accept text from a variety of inputs: stenography, Velotype, QWERTY,
1374:
3995:, the leading characters have a conversation in a crowded club. To understand what is being said, the entire dialogue is subtitled.
1077:
making stenography unavoidable. Other bulletins may be pre-recorded just before going to air, making pre-prepared text preferable.
4572:
1471:
shows are more for decorative purpose, something that is not seen in television in Europe and the Americas. Some shows even place
913:
Same-language captions, i.e., without translation, were primarily intended as an aid for people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.
509:
3973:(nonsensical words which mostly consist of Japanese company names), but the content of the subtitles is the "real" conversation.
1095:
Most items are scripted on the newsroom computer system and this text can be electronically imported into the captioning system.
4681:
4637:
1634:
653:
subtitles provide cultural context to viewers. For example, a subtitle could be used to explain to an audience unfamiliar with
4905:
2425:(almost all live-action movies in cinemas are subtitled; some movies can be found in two versions, with subtitles and dubbing)
1475:
over those subtitles. This practice of subtitling has been spread to neighbouring countries including South Korea and Taiwan.
4538:
1267:
396:
371:
1348:, Shaw also decided to include English subtitles to reach English speakers in Hong Kong and allow for exports outside Asia.
5514:
5377:
4448:
1774:
Since the introduction of the DVD and, later, the Blu-ray Disc, some high budget films include the simultaneous option of
1625:
Programs with a diverse audience also often have captions in another language. This is common with popular Latin American
4454:"Submissions to the captioning standards review | Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts"
4413:
https://www.consumerreports.org/disability-rights/auto-captions-often-fall-short-on-zoom-facebook-and-others-a9742392879/
4019:
3892:
4673:
111:
1417:
1053:
Heavily reduced: Captioners ignore commentary and provide only scores and essential information such as "try" or "out".
422:
1430:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
83:
5035:
4494:
2175:
often happens, but subtitling is also common, since these foreign programs are often broadcast in multiple languages)
1552:
504:
412:
130:
5274:
4674:"What you need to know about the DTV Transition in American Sign Language: Part 3 β Closed Captioning β Flash Video"
1534:
1883:
In several countries or regions nearly all foreign language TV programs are subtitled, instead of dubbed, such as:
691:. Regardless of who does the writing, they must include information on when each line of text should be displayed.
3713:) is also proposed as an 'open' format for subtitle exchange and distribution to media players, such as Microsoft
2884:
if they are distributed as separate file (that is less convenient, but it is easier to edit or change such file).
4710:
3942:
3900:
2419:(some Filipino films were all subtitled in English, but all foreign television programs were dubbed in Filipino.)
90:
5113:
2475:
in English, Chinese and Malay, with some subtitling bilingual in either Chinese and English or Chinese and Malay
4936:
4850:
4784:
4513:
4235:
3732:
1854: General dubbing: Countries in Europe where dubbing is used for most foreign-language films and TV series.
1530:
555:
478:
284:
68:
5539:
5437:
4980:
4959:
4702:
3800:
2823:
1630:
1566:
usually preferred as it is possible for the audience to hear the original dialogue and voices of the actors.
758:
325:
310:
2741:
form replacing references to local custom (i.e., from above, "The wine was excellent as was the spicy dip").
667:, where subtitles show the characters' inner thoughts, which contradict what they were saying in the audio.
2648:
1928:
901:. If automatic captions are available for the language, they will automatically be published on the video.
97:
3895:". Subtitles translate their speech, which is full of colorful expressions and mild profanity, into bland
1808:
where dubbing is only used for children's programs and family films; otherwise, subtitles are solely used.
1479:
in Hong Kong once practiced this style of decorative subtitles on its variety shows while it was owned by
4310:
3998:
3891:
speaking in heavily accented slang, which another character refers to as if it were a foreign language: "
3843:
618:
448:
417:
243:
4005:
juxtaposes a soundtrack of a man telling lies on the telephone against subtitles which expose the truth.
386:
4486:
4193:
3796:
3680:
3642:
2960:
Usually requires installation of special software, unless national regulators mandate its distribution
1526:
1153:
64:
17:
2696:
the dialogue of the Spanish slave traders is subtitled, while African languages are left untranslated.
2347:(subtitles in Burmese, typically in Non-Burmese children's programming and anime, dubbing rarely used)
1814: Mixed areas: Countries in Europe occasionally using either multi-voice voice-over translations (
79:
4874:
4728:"Hollywood Studios & Netflix Blasted For Civil Rights Violations In Song-Captioning Class Action"
4169:
4132:
3899:, but the typical viewer can understand enough of what they are saying to recognize the incongruity.
3588:
There are still many more uncommon formats. Most of them are text-based and have the extension .txt.
3483:
3434:
2335:(subtitles in Montenegrin, children's shows dubbed in Serbian; Serbian subtitles imported frequently)
2015:(subtitles in Malay for programming & movies in English and vernacular languages such as Chinese)
1488:
548:
35:
5222:
4389:
1975:(Belarusian subtitles are used in foreign films and television programs except for children's media)
1836:
which feature one or two voices, while lowering the volume of the original soundtrack; examples are
1826:); otherwise, subtitles are solely used, with the exception of children's programs and family films.
5484:
5020:
4290:
3983:
3792:
2872:
such as technical parameters (aperture, exposure value, exposure duration, photosensitivity, etc.).
2708:
1999:(Children's shows are dubbed in Serbian, Croatian or Bosnian, everything else subtitled in Bosnian)
1649:, in which other actors record over the voices of the original actors in a different language, and
1515:
1425:
1296:
1263:
1259:
765:
499:
5355:
5461:
5405:
4260:
4040:
3929:
3861:
2682:
subtitles are common on movies and only provide subtitles when the characters speak a foreign or
2147:; in TV children's programs are dubbed and off-screen narration in documentaries is often dubbed)
1519:
1295:
capture the spirit of what is being said. Languages like Japanese also have a rich vocabulary of
786:
381:
289:
228:
203:
57:
2880:, if they are embedded in a single video file container along with video and audio streams, and
5138:
3978:
3609:
1996:
1918:
1833:
1650:
1234:
464:
350:
248:
218:
2371:(Children's programs dubbed in Macedonian or Serbian, everything else subtitled in Macedonian)
1156:
allow the end-user to customize the captions, including the ability to remove the black band.
1137:
Blu-ray Discs, and some Columbia Pictures DVDs) do have positioning, but it is not as common.
183:
5252:
4085:
4024:
2816:
2794:
2738:
1446:
1271:
1238:
1063:
Comprehensive realtime: Captioners use stenography to caption the commentary in its entirety.
932:
712:
650:
519:
376:
279:
223:
208:
1041:
Stenography is a system of rendering words phonetically, and English, with its multitude of
5544:
4255:
3991:
3916:
3866:
3693:
3011:
2869:
2723:
subtitles are an additional set of text blurbs that are added to DVDs. They are similar to
2457:(all children's shows and teleshopping are dubbed, everything else is subtitled in Serbian)
2238:
2144:
2076:
1646:
1341:
1337:
531:
391:
233:
147:
4817:
1012:
for captioning) typically results in coverage of less than 30% of a local news broadcast.
8:
5534:
4206:
4197:
3947:
2864:
the video recording since the usually memorized clock time at start and real clock time.
2554:
2432:
2204:
2006:
935:
898:
878:
862:
579:
458:
315:
274:
264:
238:
213:
2129:
subtitles are used in foreign films and television programs except for children's media)
5095:
4576:
4250:
3920:, incorrect subtitles are deliberately used, often with offensive and humorous results.
2819:
2482:
2378:
2302:
2188:
2104:
1468:
1034:
894:
680:
575:
320:
198:
193:
104:
31:
4177:, having her supposedly denouncing hatred towards the trio of presenters ("but mainly
3740:
dialogue spoken by the Iranian characters is not subtitled because the main character
2659:
Subtitles in the same language on the same production can be in different categories:
1747:(the dominant language in film and TV) and thus prefer to hear the original dialogue.
5549:
5431:
5087:
4825:
4792:
4759:
4696:
4114:"Sarang" ("I love you"), but the subtitle is so long that it covers the whole screen.
4092:
4032:
3970:
3956:
that vaguely resemble the lines that are actually being spoken in film, if they are "
3848:
3727:
2442:
2410:
2248:
2150:
2126:
2064:
1908:
1892:
1752:
1594:
1421:
1345:
1226:
1130:
922:
870:
633:
are subtitles that include written descriptions of other elements of the audio, like
443:
294:
178:
4371:
5077:
4654:
4047:
3952:
3896:
3888:
3788:
3737:
3564:
2687:
2630:
2623:
2619:
2530:
2498:
2486:
2280:
2276:
2140:
2136:
2072:
2068:
1966:
1944:
1756:
1484:
1325:
1312:
1134:
890:
886:
882:
866:
842:
469:
4542:
5381:
4987:
4966:
4940:
4714:
4501:
4490:
4344:
4280:
3853:
3820:
Occasionally, movies will use subtitles as a source of humor, parody and satire.
2846:
2508:
2406:
2368:
2098:
1962:
1958:
1823:
1760:
1476:
874:
854:
850:
846:
769:
744:
672:
646:
606:
474:
453:
2545:(Mandarin subtitles appear on most shows and all news or live action broadcasts)
1192:
Example of non-speech information in SDH (two sources: off-screen and on-screen)
750:
The finished subtitle file is used to add the subtitles to the picture, either:
5139:"Sony Digital Video Recorder Handycam Operating Guide β DCR-HC52/HC54 (MiniDV)"
5043:
4469:
4458:
4145:
4069:
3744:
does not speak Persian and the audience is seeing the film from her viewpoint.
3741:
3605:
3187:
3002:
Relatively small subtitle file or instructions stream, multiplexed or separate
2692:
2683:
2612:
2605:
2490:
2224:
2220:
2088:
1954:
1734:
1439:
984:
838:
823:
587:
583:
5451:
5395:
5189:
5082:
5065:
4641:
5523:
5091:
4829:
4796:
4763:
4305:
4182:
4061:
3965:
3874:
2860:
2494:
2067:, everything else is subtitled in Croatian. Subtitling mutually intelligible
1799:
showing which audiovisual translation methods are preferred in each country.
1767:
1730:
1690:
1645:
The two alternative methods of 'translating' films in a foreign language are
988:
942:
931:
The "CC in a TV" symbol Jack Foley created, while senior graphic designer at
731:
657:
that it is a type of Japanese wine. Lastly, subtitles are sometimes used for
366:
269:
5304:
5163:
4671:
4600:
the preferred presentation style for entertainment-type programming. β¦ 2002
4215:
whose opening title was subtitled, "Star war: The backstroke of the west".
4056:
3934:
3835:
3626:
2728:
2724:
2566:
2478:
1472:
1464:
1333:
1230:
1149:
1126:
1021:
1009:
927:
684:
638:
163:
4173:, in episode 6 of Series 13, they purposely mistranslate the song sung by
1791:
5282:
5010:
4174:
4154:
4074:
4008:
3924:
3831:
3749:
3714:
2644:
2504:
2416:
2356:
2116:
1722:
1674:
1582:
1570:
1320:
1283:
822:
Some programs and online software allow automatic captions, mainly using
622:
614:
345:
340:
155:
5099:
2773:
While distributing content, subtitles can appear in one of three types:
2469:(children's shows are dubbed, everything else is subtitled in Slovenian)
1112:
is the preferred presentation style for entertainment-type programming.
4265:
4209:, with humorous results. One of the better-known examples is a copy of
4160:
4127:
4012:
3826:
3084:
2851:
2584:
2548:
2445:
for most shows, except children's programs, which started to be dubbed)
2332:
2266:
2254:
2197:(most English channels now give subtitles of their programs in English)
2054:
1940:
1934:
1914:
1739:
1686:
1678:
1654:
1626:
1428:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
807:
793:
778:
699:
663:
649:. Subtitles may also add information that is not present in the audio.
494:
4707:
4136:, the thoughts of the overweight Broomhilde's (Megan Cavanaugh) horse
3838:
are having a conversation; their real thoughts are shown in subtitles.
2876:
In other categorization, digital video subtitles are sometimes called
4992:
4752:"Netflix and film studios face lawsuit over song captioning for deaf"
4614:"Closed Captions v. Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (SDH)"
4336:
4285:
4275:
4225:
4178:
4119:
4100:
4080:
3883:
3620:
3260:
2865:
2704:
2590:
2514:
2472:
2463:(children's shows are dubbed, everything else is subtitled in Slovak)
2362:
2292:
2200:
2172:
2168:
2162:
1924:
1898:
1845:
1480:
1329:
1308:
1042:
1025:
718:
676:
5007:"Ask Mr. Know-It-All: Why do all films in Hong Kong have subtitles?"
4933:
4517:
3705:
The Timed Text format currently a "Candidate Recommendation" of the
2765:
subtitles are 'open to all' and cannot be turned off by the viewer;
2667:
1504:
46:
5330:
4245:
4230:
3689:
3637:
3508:
3239:
3162:
2637:
2536:
2520:
2466:
2460:
2428:
2396:
2384:
2326:
2308:
2298:
2295:(all channels are subtitles and cinemas, children shows are dubbed)
2219:(subtitles in English for non-English programs, including those in
2178:
2042:
2024:
2018:
1865:
1815:
1698:
1029:
782:
626:
2793:
song lyrics using various colors, fonts, sizes, animation (like a
1115:
4895:, Silver Spring, MD: National Association of the Deaf, p. 266-270
4450:
Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts
4375:
4315:
4270:
3651:
3214:
2850:, separate instructions, usually a specially marked up text with
2812:
2790:
2626:
2596:
2578:
2572:
2438:
2344:
2338:
2216:
2184:
2132:
2122:
2110:
2094:
2060:
1990:
1972:
1950:
1904:
1888:
1875:
1861:
1726:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1682:
1662:
1315:
or any dialect can be understood by viewers unfamiliar with it.
1237:, guaranteeing equal rights for people with disabilities). Judge
1222:
1108:
identifications, italics, special characters, and sound effects.
938:
830:
598:
330:
4878:
3720:
2153:(Subtitles in Georgian, children's shows principally are dubbed)
1403:
5039:
4109:
4104:
4096:) requiring subtitles even when shown on television in England.
3907:
3533:
3409:
2988:
Depends on player and subtitle file format, but generally poor
2856:
2827:
2560:
2542:
2526:
2454:
2448:
2422:
2390:
2374:
2320:
2272:
2234:
2207:, some foreign movies have subtitles in more than one language)
2156:
2082:
2012:
2002:
1984:
1978:
1841:
1837:
1819:
1805:
1796:
1718:
1694:
1670:
1578:
1180:
Example of non-speech information in SDH (source is off-screen)
1145:
1057:
834:
785:
which could also be used to show subtitles as softsubs in many
737:
658:
489:
484:
1590:
1586:
5328:
4300:
2350:
2314:
2260:
2244:
2194:
2036:
2030:
1937:(subtitles in Azeri, children's shows principally are dubbed)
1895:, children's movies and TV shows are dubbed, mostly animated)
1714:
1666:
1461:
1279:
1275:
1081:
858:
634:
610:
27:
Textual representation of events and speech in motion imagery
5530:
Culture articles needing translation from Japanese Knowledge
4818:"The Real Reason You Use Closed Captions for Everything Now"
4483:
2435:, but children's shows and documentaries are usually dubbed)
3710:
3684:
3600:
3558:
3338:
3319:
2968:
Low to high, depending on video resolution and compression
2402:
2286:
2210:
2091:(Some cable television & cinemas are used in subtitles)
2048:
810:
654:
642:
602:
5305:"Specification of the EBU Subtitling data exchange format"
4678:
The Digital TV Transition: What You Need to Know About DTV
4672:
The Digital TV Transition β Audio and Video (2008-05-01).
4241:
Comparison of software video players with subtitle support
2974:
Low to high, depending on player and subtitle file format
2159:(only children's shows are dubbed and films are subtitled)
702:
and thus cannot be removed once added. On the other hand,
694:
Second, subtitles need to be distributed to the audience.
4945:
4648:
3706:
3664:
3195:
3097:
2808:
2615:
2608:
2228:
1621:
1229:(as the work is henceforth not completely subtitled) and
641:. Captions are thus especially helpful to people who are
3730:
that the character feels. An example of this is seen in
2999:
Separate low-bitrate video stream, commonly multiplexed
1620:
example, for many of its films and television programs,
1245:
687:, rather than more official sources, are referred to as
30:"Subtitle" redirects here. For use in print media, see
2651:
airs its foreign-language shows subtitled in English.
2279:, occasionally in Latvian-language shows or simply in
1640:
2822:. Also, changing such subtitles is hard, but special
1395:
a machine-translated version of the Japanese article.
586:
and Dominique Minot conversing subtitled in English.
5329:
Philippe Le HΓ©garet; Sean Hayes (6 September 2012).
2923:
Multiple subtitle variants (for example, languages)
1891:(almost all foreign-language shows are subtitled in
1832: Voice-over: Countries in Europe usually using
1399:
1270:) have found that use of subtitles can help promote
1168:
Example of speaker ID in SDH (voices are off-screen)
2752:"Extended Subtitles" being used by other companies.
2727:' in-movie content or to the "info nuggets" in VH1
2575:(subtitles in Ukrainian, which programs are dubbed)
945:
so that anyone who captions TV programs can use it.
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5348:
5187:
4981:Hindi film songs can boost literacy rates in India
4960:Hindi film songs can boost literacy rates in India
3969:, there is a scene where the actors speak in faux
2451:(subtitles in Russian, which programs were dubbed)
2227:for programs shown on the Irish language channel:
1020:Communication access real-time translation (CART)
4893:Deaf HeritageβA Narrative History of Deaf America
4785:"How Generation Z became obsessed with subtitles"
3756:
2629:in Finland who subtitle in the majority language
2359:(subtitles in Dutch, children's shows are dubbed)
5521:
4181:") for destroying what is claimed to be her own
3852:film, Austin and Nigel Powers directly speak in
2830:exists to convert such subtitles to "soft" ones.
2341:(all Romanian subtitles and children are dubbed)
5004:
4684:(FCC). Archived from the original on 2008-05-28
3747:A variation of this was used in the video game
2979:Transitions, karaoke and other special effects
1569:Subtitle translation may be different from the
1225:were sued over this practice, citing claims of
1116:Subtitles for the deaf or hard-of-hearing (SDH)
698:subtitles are added directly to recorded video
5515:Proposed set of subtitling standards in Europe
5267:
4972:
4011:commonly use subtitles to present the comical
1424:accompanying your translation by providing an
1386:Click for important translation instructions.
1373:expand this section with text translated from
1351:
4928:
4926:
4390:"How to Add Subtitles to Video Automatically"
3721:Reasons for not subtitling a foreign language
3031:
556:
5310:. European Broadcasting Union. February 1991
5070:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
4296:Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
4212:Star Wars: Episode III β Revenge of the Sith
941:that invented captioning for television, is
802:Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
738:Creation, delivery, and display of subtitles
601:representing the contents of the audio in a
5426:. Archived from the original on 2019-10-20.
2926:Yes, though all displayed at the same time
1786:
1533:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1254:
754:directly into the picture (open subtitles);
5420:"Vance Joy β Riptide Lyrics β MetroLyrics"
5190:"JACOsub Script File Format Specification"
4923:
4906:"Closed Captioning Gives Literacy a Boost"
4452:; Australian Caption Centre (1999-02-26).
2957:Majority of players support DVD subtitles
2666:subtitles (sometimes abbreviated as HI or
1911:, children's shows principally are dubbed)
563:
549:
5477:"episode iii, the backstroke of the west"
5221:. RealNetworks. 1998β2000. Archived from
5164:"EBU-TT-D Subtitling Distribution Format"
5081:
5036:"Croatian TV Risks Row Over Serbian Film"
4851:"Get Over Your Fear Of Subtitles, Please"
4605:
4567:
4565:
3933:, after stopping Dr. Michael Hfuhruhurr (
3192:.ttxt (or mixed with audio-video stream)
1553:Learn how and when to remove this message
1307:In some East Asian countries, especially
1302:
908:
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
4643:Closed Captioning and the DTV Transition
4611:
4444:
4442:
4440:
2965:Visual appearance, colors, font quality
1790:
1266:and the What Works Clearinghouse of the
926:
629:. Although naming conventions can vary,
574:
5063:
5033:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4387:
4039:In the American theatrical versions of
1024:, who use a computer with using either
817:
14:
5522:
5510:ESIST Code of Good Subtitling Practice
5474:
4725:
4682:U.S. Federal Communications Commission
4638:U.S. Federal Communications Commission
4562:
4027:that is subtitled in standard English.
3887:and its sequel feature two inner-city
3596:For cinema movies shown in a theatre:
1635:U.S. Federal Communications Commission
1216:Example of lyrics transcription in SDH
1056:Significantly reduced: Captioners use
833:, automatic captions are available in
515:Bhagavad-gita translations by language
4782:
2005:(some cinemas and cable channels use
1268:United States Department of Education
1246:Use by hearing people for convenience
372:Internationalization and localization
5453:Vance Joy β 'Riptide' Official Video
4951:
4815:
4417:
4023:contains a scene spoken entirely in
3865:, the Beatles use the subtitles of "
3760:
2593:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2581:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2557:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2399:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2393:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2365:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2323:(cable and satellite tv and cinemas)
2181:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2165:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2119:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2113:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2107:(satellite TV and cable and cinemas)
2057:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2051:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2045:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2033:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
1993:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
1981:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
1901:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
1629:in Spanish. Since CC1 and CC2 share
1531:adding citations to reliable sources
1498:
1355:
1000:are not locked to program timecode.
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
5161:
4554:"Real-time" vs. Newsroom Captioning
4020:Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels
3026:
1641:Subtitles vs. dubbing and lectoring
1204:Example of music description in SDH
590:are used to differentiate speakers.
24:
5034:Pavelic, Boris (27 January 2012).
4848:
3791:by removing the content or adding
2085:(subtitles in Greek & Turkish)
1121:visually tell who is saying what.
916:
505:Books and magazines on translation
25:
5561:
5503:
4349:lesser degrees of intelligibility
3608:: digital projection of movie in
2707:) or at the end of a film (e.g.,
1915:Arab Middle East and North Africa
617:media. Subtitles might provide a
5464:from the original on 2021-11-07.
5408:from the original on 2021-11-07.
5397:Skithouse: News report from Iraq
5249:Internet Archive Wayback Machine
3765:
3575:
3572:
3562:
3521:
3518:
3243:
3093:
2517:(subtitles in Sinhala and Tamil)
2063:(Children's shows are dubbed in
1738:and Spain; an expedient form of
1503:
1360:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1133:DVDs and Blu-ray Discs and most
162:
45:
5468:
5444:
5412:
5388:
5370:
5356:"(Xbox 360 Review) Max Payne 3"
5322:
5297:
5275:"ASS File Format Specification"
5237:
5207:
5181:
5155:
5131:
5106:
5057:
5027:
4998:
4995:. Accessed on February 10, 2009
4948:. Accessed on February 10, 2009
4898:
4885:
4867:
4842:
4809:
4776:
4744:
4719:
4665:
4514:"National Captioning Institute"
4329:
3943:Monty Python and the Holy Grail
3914:In parodies of the German film
1460:On-screen subtitles as seen in
1233:violations (under California's
1004:as short interstitial updates.
994:
56:needs additional citations for
5005:Mr. Know-It-All (2015-05-21).
4726:Patten, Dominic (2015-10-20).
4630:
4612:Edelberg, Elisa (2017-06-19).
4531:
4506:
4406:
4381:
4365:
4236:Comparison of subtitle editors
3757:Subtitles as a source of humor
3244:β (embedded in Ogg container)
2761:Subtitles exist in two forms;
2283:-language channels in Russian)
1804: Subtitles: Countries in
1494:
1436:{{Translated|ja|γγ©γ¨γγ£ηͺη΅#γγγγ}}
1434:You may also add the template
537:Kural translations by language
510:Bible translations by language
285:Dynamic and formal equivalence
13:
1:
5483:. Google, Inc. Archived from
5114:"MISSING HEAVEN, MAKING HELL"
4993:Asian Film Foundation website
4388:Forster, Peter (2018-01-18).
4358:
4347:informal register which have
3648:Philips Overlay Graphics Text
3623:subtitles (related to VobSub)
2654:
2431:(most shows are subtitled in
1600:
1324:, the practice to caption in
1299:which is used in captioning.
525:List of most translated works
326:Translation management system
5194:Unicorn Research Corporation
4167:In the UK television series
3591:
1614:
1605:
1144:High-definition disc media (
977:
7:
5188:Alex Matulich (1997β2002).
5168:European Broadcasting Union
4593:Premiere Offline Captioning
4311:Transcription (linguistics)
4218:
3844:Austin Powers in Goldmember
3386:Structured Subtitle Format
1483:in Taiwan (which also owns
1352:Japanese reality television
764:or converted (rendered) to
10:
5566:
5215:"RealText Authoring Guide"
4816:Kehe, Jason (2018-06-26).
3940:In the opening credits of
3901:Transcript of the dialogue
3869:" to defeat a giant glove.
3629:subtitles (related to PGS)
3032:For software video players
2223:. Occasional subtitles in
1398:Machine translation, like
1102:
920:
725:
29:
5436:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5358:. The Entertainment Depot
5083:10.1163/22134379-90003741
5066:"Diglossia in Indonesian"
4783:Kelly, Guy (2022-07-24).
4701:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4152:In the television series
4143:In the television series
4133:Robin Hood: Men in Tights
3787:Please help Knowledge to
3616:For movies on DVD Video:
3484:Universal Subtitle Format
2599:(subtitles in Vietnamese)
1375:the corresponding article
1071:
36:Subtitle (disambiguation)
5335:Timed Text Working Group
5245:"Spruce Subtitle Format"
5144:. Sony. 2008. p. 34
5021:South China Morning Post
4978:Biswas, Ranjita (2005).
4957:Biswas, Ranjita (2005).
4372:Use automatic captioning
4322:
4291:Same language subtitling
3984:foreign exchange student
3958:people who hate the film
3440:.ssa or .ass (advanced)
2943:Difficult, but possible
2909:Can be turned off or on
2756:
2329:(subtitles in Mongolian)
2021:(subtitles in Bulgarian)
1787:Subtitling as a practice
1264:University of Nottingham
1260:Same language subtitling
1255:Same-language subtitling
500:Journalistic translation
4657:Event occurs at 1m58s.
4261:Interactive transcripts
4060:contains a scene where
3930:The Man with Two Brains
3733:Not Without My Daughter
3671:For internet delivery:
3381:Sequential time+frames
3378:Sequential time+frames
3363:Spruce subtitle format
1987:(subtitles in Dzongkha)
1969:from TV & Cinemas.)
1834:voice-over translations
1445:For more guidance, see
1346:British-ruled Hong Kong
1289:
1015:
683:. Subtitles written by
382:Video game localization
290:Contrastive linguistics
5475:jeremy (6 July 2005).
5064:Sneddon, J.N. (2003).
4575:. 2002. Archived from
4541:. 2002. Archived from
4343:) however use a "low"
4107:of Korean dramas in a
3979:Not Another Teen Movie
2996:Inside original video
2868:may record additional
2569:(subtitles in Turkmen)
2563:(subtitles in Turkish)
2317:(subtitles in Maltese)
2311:(subtitles in Dhivehi)
2263:(subtitles in Swahili)
2213:(subtitles in Persian)
1997:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1919:Modern Standard Arabic
1880:
1303:Chinese-speaking world
1235:Unruh Civil Rights Act
1038:text as people speak.
960:("SONG TITLE" PLAYING)
946:
909:Same-language captions
787:software video players
591:
465:Telephone interpreting
351:Multimedia translation
34:. For other uses, see
4117:In television series
4025:cockney rhyming slang
3014:in surrounding video
2844:subtitles) are, like
2353:(subtitles in Nepali)
2269:(subtitles in Kyrgyz)
2257:(subtitles in Kazakh)
1794:
1447:Knowledge:Translation
1418:copyright attribution
1309:Chinese-speaking ones
1272:reading comprehension
1239:Stephen Victor Wilson
930:
792:For multimedia-style
730:Sometimes, mainly at
713:media player software
578:
397:Software localization
377:Language localization
280:Translation criticism
209:Linguistic validation
5540:Assistive technology
5378:"BBC β Film Network"
4891:Gannon, Jack. 1981.
4640:(FCC) (2008-05-01).
4196:'s music video for "
3867:All you need is love
3830:, the characters of
3789:improve this article
3696:-compatible players)
3256:Sequential granules
3007:Additional overhead
2951:Player requirements
2855:frequently used for
2587:(subtitles in Uzbek)
2551:(subtitles in Tajik)
2523:(subtitles in Dutch)
2027:(subtitles in Khmer)
1527:improve this section
1338:Shaw Brothers Studio
1332:during the 1960s by
818:Automatic captioning
781:in combination with
675:, it may be done by
392:Website localization
65:improve this article
5384:on August 31, 2006.
5118:Washington Examiner
4207:machine translation
4198:Smells Like Nirvana
4194:"Weird Al" Yankovic
4073:, also directed by
3801:independent sources
3645:Subtitles (DVB-SUB)
3038:
2891:
2555:Trinidad and Tobago
2539:(subtitles in Thai)
2387:(subtitles in Urdu)
679:or using automated
459:Video relay service
316:Machine translation
275:Translation project
265:Translation studies
5255:on 28 October 2009
5225:on 2 November 2011
4986:2009-08-20 at the
4965:2009-08-20 at the
4939:2008-08-28 at the
4713:2008-05-02 at the
4588:Offline Captioning
4573:"Caption Colorado"
4539:"Caption Colorado"
4500:2004-12-25 at the
4489:1998-12-02 at the
4251:Danmaku subtitling
4083:released the film
4001:' 2000 short film
3633:For TV broadcast:
3036:
2887:
2826:software, such as
2820:font rasterization
2643:In Australia, one
2289:(subtitles in Lao)
2105:Dominican Republic
1881:
1481:Want Want Holdings
1469:reality television
1426:interlanguage link
1342:variety of Chinese
1035:speech recognition
968:(THUNDER RUMBLING)
947:
936:public broadcaster
681:speech recognition
592:
580:1960s film Charade
321:Mobile translation
32:Subtitle (titling)
5404:. 5 August 2007.
4849:Farley, Rebecca.
4335:Indonesian has a
4093:The Price of Coal
4033:The Angry Beavers
4030:In an episode of
3889:African Americans
3818:
3817:
3586:
3585:
3437:SubStation Alpha
3267:Phoenix Subtitle
3188:MPEG-4 Timed Text
3145:Text with markup
3060:Timing precision
3024:
3023:
2709:Gods and Generals
2127:Estonian language
1595:Japanese pronouns
1563:
1562:
1555:
1458:
1457:
1387:
1383:
1328:was pioneered in
1227:false advertising
1131:Universal Studios
923:Closed captioning
759:vertical interval
573:
572:
444:Untranslatability
295:Polysystem theory
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
5557:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5460:. 2 April 2013.
5448:
5442:
5441:
5435:
5427:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5380:. Archived from
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5309:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5281:. Archived from
5271:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5251:. Archived from
5241:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5176:
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4949:
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4918:
4917:
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4896:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4877:. Archived from
4871:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4813:
4807:
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4803:
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4739:
4738:
4723:
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4690:
4689:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4655:Washington, D.C.
4652:
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4602:
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4584:
4569:
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4528:
4526:
4525:
4516:. Archived from
4510:
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4479:
4473:
4463:. Archived from
4462:
4446:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4403:
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4385:
4379:
4369:
4352:
4333:
3953:Henry IV, part 2
3897:standard English
3862:Yellow Submarine
3813:
3810:
3804:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3478:10 milliseconds
3455:10 milliseconds
3333:10 milliseconds
3234:10 milliseconds
3231:Sequential time
3134:10 milliseconds
3039:
3035:
3027:Subtitle formats
2892:
2889:Comparison table
2886:
2688:Steven Spielberg
2664:Hearing impaired
2618:who subtitle in
2239:Israeli channels
1873:
1859:
1853:
1831:
1813:
1803:
1558:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1538:
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1499:
1437:
1431:
1404:Google Translate
1385:
1381:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1326:Standard Chinese
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1135:20th Century Fox
829:For example, on
757:embedded in the
588:Quotation dashes
565:
558:
551:
520:Translated books
470:Language barrier
387:Dub localization
166:
143:
142:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
73:
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5565:
5564:
5560:
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5506:
5501:
5500:
5490:
5488:
5473:
5469:
5450:
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5445:
5429:
5428:
5424:metrolyrics.com
5418:
5417:
5413:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5361:
5359:
5354:
5353:
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5339:
5337:
5327:
5323:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5288:
5286:
5285:on 25 June 2017
5273:
5272:
5268:
5258:
5256:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5228:
5226:
5213:
5212:
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5196:
5186:
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5170:
5160:
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5121:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5062:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5032:
5028:
5015:
5013:
5003:
4999:
4988:Wayback Machine
4977:
4973:
4967:Wayback Machine
4956:
4952:
4941:Wayback Machine
4931:
4924:
4915:
4913:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4890:
4886:
4873:
4872:
4868:
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4847:
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4834:
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4781:
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4768:
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4750:
4749:
4745:
4736:
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4720:
4715:Wayback Machine
4694:
4693:
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4646:
4636:
4635:
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4622:
4620:
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4594:
4592:
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4548:
4546:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4523:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4502:Wayback Machine
4491:Wayback Machine
4477:
4475:
4467:
4456:
4447:
4418:
4411:
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4398:
4396:
4386:
4382:
4370:
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4361:
4356:
4355:
4334:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4281:Subtitle editor
4221:
4103:'s "Tae Do", a
3854:Cockney English
3814:
3808:
3805:
3786:
3782:popular culture
3770:
3766:
3759:
3723:
3594:
3563:β (embedded in
3116:Gloss Subtitle
3037:Sortable table
3034:
3029:
2847:closed captions
2836:(also known as
2803:(also known as
2780:(also known as
2759:
2657:
2602:
2369:North Macedonia
2301:(subtitles in "
1927:(especially by
1879:
1871:
1869:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1829:
1827:
1824:Northern Cyprus
1811:
1809:
1801:
1789:
1643:
1617:
1608:
1603:
1559:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1524:
1508:
1497:
1491:) during 2009.
1454:
1453:
1452:
1435:
1429:
1388:
1382:(December 2023)
1365:
1361:
1354:
1305:
1292:
1257:
1248:
1217:
1214:
1205:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1181:
1178:
1169:
1166:
1118:
1105:
1074:
1018:
997:
980:
972:(DOOR CREAKING)
925:
919:
917:Closed captions
911:
820:
740:
728:
673:live television
647:hard-of-hearing
607:television show
582:with actresses
569:
475:Fan translation
454:Transliteration
244:Sense-for-sense
137:
126:
120:
117:
74:
72:
62:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
5563:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5505:
5504:External links
5502:
5499:
5498:
5487:on 16 May 2008
5467:
5443:
5411:
5387:
5369:
5347:
5321:
5296:
5266:
5236:
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5180:
5154:
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5105:
5076:(4): 519β549.
5056:
5044:Balkan Insight
5026:
4997:
4971:
4950:
4922:
4910:Education Week
4897:
4884:
4881:on 2012-07-09.
4866:
4841:
4808:
4775:
4758:. 2015-10-20.
4743:
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4484:AUSCAP Website
4470:Microsoft Word
4459:Microsoft Word
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4146:Drawn Together
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4070:Fatal Instinct
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3780:references to
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3742:Betty Mahmoody
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1768:Latin American
1735:United Kingdom
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921:Main article:
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824:speech-to-text
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732:film festivals
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584:Audrey Hepburn
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479:of video games
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436:Related topics
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5481:winterson.com
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4856:
4852:
4845:
4831:
4827:
4823:
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4798:
4794:
4790:
4789:The Telegraph
4786:
4779:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4733:
4729:
4722:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4579:on 2007-07-29
4578:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4558:
4545:on 2007-08-23
4544:
4540:
4534:
4520:on 2011-07-19
4519:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4474:on 2007-09-08
4471:
4466:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4443:
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4368:
4364:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4328:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4306:Time shifting
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
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4199:
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4183:Morris Marina
4180:
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4098:
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4066:
4063:
4062:Jason Statham
4059:
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4049:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4013:"fake lyrics"
4010:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3992:Trainspotting
3988:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3966:Scary Movie 4
3962:
3959:
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3876:
3875:The Impostors
3871:
3868:
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3858:
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3833:
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3822:
3821:
3812:
3809:December 2023
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3774:This article
3772:
3763:
3762:
3754:
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3751:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3718:
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3708:
3698:
3695:
3692:/CFF-TT (for
3691:
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3581:
3579:Elapsed time
3578:
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3550:Elapsed time
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3525:Elapsed time
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3500:Elapsed time
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3490:
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3475:Elapsed time
3474:
3471:
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3465:
3463:.sub or .sbv
3462:
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3458:
3454:
3452:Elapsed time
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3426:Elapsed time
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3401:Elapsed time
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3330:Elapsed time
3329:
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3307:
3305:Elapsed time
3304:
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3289:
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3259:Dependent on
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3206:Elapsed time
3205:
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3186:
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3181:
3178:
3175:
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3154:Elapsed time
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3141:
3138:
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3133:
3131:Elapsed time
3130:
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3107:
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3051:Text styling
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2861:text encoding
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2725:Blu-ray Discs
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5489:. Retrieved
5485:the original
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5396:
5390:
5382:the original
5372:
5360:. Retrieved
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5338:. Retrieved
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5312:. Retrieved
5299:
5287:. Retrieved
5283:the original
5278:
5269:
5257:. Retrieved
5253:the original
5248:
5239:
5227:. Retrieved
5223:the original
5218:
5209:
5197:. Retrieved
5193:
5183:
5171:. Retrieved
5167:
5162:EBU (2015).
5157:
5146:. Retrieved
5133:
5122:. Retrieved
5120:. 1998-01-05
5117:
5108:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5047:. Retrieved
5029:
5019:– via
5014:. Retrieved
5000:
4979:
4974:
4958:
4953:
4934:Brij Kothari
4932:
4914:. Retrieved
4912:. 2015-07-21
4909:
4900:
4892:
4887:
4879:the original
4869:
4858:. Retrieved
4854:
4844:
4833:. Retrieved
4821:
4811:
4800:. Retrieved
4788:
4778:
4767:. Retrieved
4756:The Guardian
4755:
4746:
4735:. Retrieved
4731:
4721:
4686:. Retrieved
4677:
4667:
4658:
4642:
4632:
4621:. Retrieved
4617:
4607:
4587:
4581:. Retrieved
4577:the original
4553:
4547:. Retrieved
4543:the original
4533:
4522:. Retrieved
4518:the original
4508:
4476:. Retrieved
4465:the original
4408:
4397:. Retrieved
4393:
4383:
4367:
4340:
4331:
4210:
4203:
4168:
4153:
4144:
4131:
4118:
4108:
4091:
4084:
4068:
4055:
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4041:
4031:
4018:
4009:Animutations
4003:Telling Lies
4002:
3990:
3977:
3964:
3957:
3951:
3941:
3935:Steve Martin
3928:
3915:
3906:
3882:
3873:
3860:
3842:
3836:Diane Keaton
3825:
3819:
3806:
3776:may contain
3775:
3748:
3746:
3731:
3724:
3704:
3670:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3632:
3627:Blu-ray Disc
3615:
3595:
3587:
3513:.sub + .idx
2901:Prerendered
2888:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2817:anti-aliased
2804:
2800:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2729:Pop-up Video
2720:
2714:
2699:
2691:
2679:
2673:
2663:
2658:
2642:
2635:
2603:
2567:Turkmenistan
2479:South Africa
2171:(Dubbing in
1882:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1765:
1749:
1745:
1660:
1653:, a form of
1644:
1618:
1609:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1549:
1540:
1525:Please help
1513:
1459:
1422:edit summary
1413:
1380:
1372:
1334:Run Run Shaw
1319:
1317:
1306:
1297:onomatopoeia
1293:
1258:
1249:
1231:civil rights
1220:
1150:Blu-ray Disc
1143:
1139:
1127:Warner Bros.
1123:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1066:
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1040:
1019:
1010:teleprompter
1006:
1002:
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995:Pre-prepared
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717:
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695:
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688:
669:
662:
630:
594:
593:
413:Associations
359:Localization
335:
303:Technologies
127:
121:October 2023
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
5545:Translation
5289:10 February
5011:HK Magazine
4618:3Play Media
4175:Carla Bruni
4155:Green Acres
4138:Farfelkugel
4075:Carl Reiner
4042:Night Watch
3999:Simon Ellis
3982:, the nude
3948:Shakespeare
3925:Carl Reiner
3832:Woody Allen
3750:Max Payne 3
3715:Silverlight
3694:UltraViolet
3567:container)
2852:time stamps
2801:Prerendered
2715:Titles only
2505:South Korea
2417:Philippines
2357:Netherlands
2303:Malay(sian)
2117:El Salvador
2077:Montenegrin
1723:New Zealand
1675:Switzerland
1658:subtitled.
1627:soap operas
1583:parentheses
1571:translation
1495:Translation
1377:in Japanese
1321:HK Magazine
1284:Doordarshan
623:translation
615:audiovisual
532:Translators
346:Postediting
341:Pre-editing
156:Translation
80:"Subtitles"
5535:Subtitling
5524:Categories
5148:2022-01-17
5124:2019-11-24
5016:2023-05-31
4946:Ashoka.org
4916:2019-07-08
4860:2019-07-08
4855:Refinery29
4835:2019-07-08
4802:2022-08-03
4769:2019-07-08
4737:2019-07-08
4688:2008-05-01
4623:2020-04-10
4583:2007-10-24
4549:2007-10-24
4524:2011-04-28
4478:2007-04-04
4399:2019-11-10
4359:References
4345:Betawified
4266:Intertitle
4161:Great Dane
4128:Mel Brooks
3881:The movie
3827:Annie Hall
3778:irrelevant
3728:alienation
3460:SubViewer
3435:(Advanced)
3358:As frames
3290:PowerDivX
3285:As frames
3182:As frames
3157:As frames
3122:HTML, XML
3111:Unlimited
3045:Extension
2866:Camcorders
2655:Categories
2585:Uzbekistan
2549:Tajikistan
2433:Portuguese
2333:Montenegro
2267:Kyrgyzstan
2255:Kazakhstan
2205:Indonesian
2055:Costa Rica
2009:subtitles)
2007:Portuguese
1941:Bangladesh
1935:Azerbaijan
1779:language.
1740:censorship
1687:San Marino
1679:Luxembourg
1655:voice-over
1601:Subtitling
1467:and other
1043:homophones
899:Vietnamese
879:Portuguese
863:Indonesian
826:features.
808:Timed Text
794:Webcasting
779:VirtualDub
664:Annie Hall
651:Localizing
625:of spoken
495:Scanlation
336:Subtitling
249:Homophonic
219:Regulatory
91:newspapers
18:Subtitling
5331:"Mission"
5092:0006-2294
4991:from the
4830:1059-1028
4797:0307-1235
4764:0261-3077
4394:Subtitles
4337:diglossic
4286:Surtitles
4276:Souffleur
4226:Airscript
4179:James May
4120:Skithouse
4101:Bobby Lee
4086:Riff-Raff
4081:Ken Loach
4054:The film
4048:Day Watch
3884:Airplane!
3793:citations
3621:DVD-Video
3592:For media
3355:Framings
3313:RealText
3308:1 second
3282:Framings
3261:bitstream
3179:Framings
3091:EBU-TT-D
3080:Framings
3054:Metadata
3012:artifacts
2937:Editable
2739:localized
2735:Localized
2705:Star Wars
2674:Narrative
2647:network,
2591:Venezuela
2515:Sri Lanka
2483:Afrikaans
2473:Singapore
2379:Norwegian
2363:Nicaragua
2293:Lithuania
2201:Indonesia
2189:Icelandic
2173:Cantonese
2169:Hong Kong
2163:Guatemala
2145:bilingual
1925:Australia
1899:Argentina
1846:Lithuania
1795:A map of
1651:lectoring
1631:bandwidth
1606:Real-time
1514:does not
1440:talk page
1330:Hong Kong
1026:stenotype
978:Real time
895:Ukrainian
796:, check:
719:surtitles
613:or other
595:Subtitles
224:Technical
5550:Teletext
5491:10 March
5462:Archived
5432:cite web
5406:Archived
5340:10 March
5314:10 March
5259:10 March
5229:10 March
5199:10 March
5100:27868068
4984:Archived
4963:Archived
4937:Archived
4732:Deadline
4711:Archived
4697:cite web
4596:effects.
4498:Archived
4495:Document
4487:Archived
4341:sinetron
4246:Cue card
4231:Camtasia
4219:See also
4170:Top Gear
4164:episode.
3971:Japanese
3917:Downfall
3849:Japanese
3797:reliable
3709:(called
3699:EBU-TT-D
3690:SMPTE-TT
3638:Teletext
3606:D-Cinema
3240:Ogg Writ
3163:MicroDVD
3139:JACOSub
3065:AQTitle
3057:Timings
2982:Highest
2895:Feature
2882:external
2878:internal
2870:metadata
2838:softsubs
2782:hardsubs
2749:expanded
2745:Extended
2638:Wallonia
2622:and the
2537:Thailand
2521:Suriname
2467:Slovenia
2461:Slovakia
2443:Romanian
2429:Portugal
2397:Paraguay
2385:Pakistan
2327:Mongolia
2309:Maldives
2299:Malaysia
2249:Japanese
2179:Honduras
2065:Croatian
2043:Colombia
2025:Cambodia
2019:Bulgaria
1909:Armenian
1893:Albanian
1866:Slovakia
1816:Bulgaria
1766:In many
1753:Galician
1699:Slovakia
1462:Japanese
1416:provide
1313:Mandarin
1282:such as
1030:Velotype
987:and the
964:(KISSES)
871:Japanese
783:VSFilter
745:timecode
661:, as in
631:captions
627:dialogue
234:Cultural
184:Literary
148:a series
146:Part of
5458:YouTube
5402:YouTube
5173:22 July
5049:6 March
4708:Details
4376:YouTube
4316:WYSIWYG
4271:Karaoke
4256:Dubbing
3927:comedy
3923:In the
3738:Persian
3652:Imitext
2857:fansubs
2813:Blu-ray
2791:karaoke
2700:Content
2693:Amistad
2631:Finnish
2627:Yle Fem
2624:Swedish
2620:English
2597:Vietnam
2579:Uruguay
2573:Ukraine
2531:Swedish
2499:English
2487:Sesotho
2439:Romania
2411:Quechua
2345:Myanmar
2339:Moldova
2281:Russian
2277:Latvian
2217:Ireland
2185:Iceland
2151:Georgia
2141:Swedish
2137:Finnish
2133:Finland
2123:Estonia
2111:Ecuador
2095:Denmark
2073:Bosnian
2069:Serbian
2061:Croatia
1991:Bolivia
1973:Belarus
1967:Italian
1951:Belgium
1945:Bengali
1905:Armenia
1889:Albania
1876:Belgium
1862:Belarus
1757:Catalan
1727:Ireland
1711:Andorra
1707:Belarus
1703:Hungary
1683:Austria
1663:Germany
1647:dubbing
1615:Offline
1589:" and "
1579:fansubs
1535:removed
1520:sources
1465:variety
1438:to the
1420:in the
1379:.
1278:and in
1223:Netflix
1103:Offline
952:(SIGHS)
891:Turkish
887:Spanish
883:Russian
867:Italian
843:English
831:YouTube
726:Methods
689:fansubs
428:Schools
331:Dubbing
214:Medical
105:scholar
5098:
5090:
5040:Zagreb
4828:
4795:
4762:
4189:wolf".
4110:Mad TV
4105:parody
3908:Cars 2
3736:. The
3612:format
3601:Cinema
3570:Image
3534:WebVTT
3516:Image
3509:VobSub
3410:SubRip
3119:.gsub
3085:frames
2842:closed
2828:SubRip
2805:closed
2767:closed
2680:Forced
2561:Turkey
2543:Taiwan
2527:Sweden
2509:Korean
2493:&
2481:(from
2455:Serbia
2449:Russia
2423:Poland
2407:Aymara
2391:Panama
2375:Norway
2321:Mexico
2273:Latvia
2235:Israel
2157:Greece
2099:Danish
2083:Cyprus
2013:Brunei
2003:Brazil
1985:Bhutan
1979:Belize
1965:&
1963:German
1959:French
1874:
1872:
1858:
1852:
1842:Russia
1838:Poland
1830:
1820:Turkey
1812:
1806:Europe
1802:
1797:Europe
1761:Basque
1719:Canada
1695:Monaco
1671:France
1633:, the
1146:HD DVD
1072:Hybrid
1058:QWERTY
933:Boston
897:, and
875:Korean
855:Hebrew
851:German
847:French
835:Arabic
704:closed
700:frames
490:Fandub
485:Fansub
418:Awards
257:Theory
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
5362:7 May
5308:(PDF)
5142:(PDF)
5096:JSTOR
4944:from
4822:Wired
4323:Notes
4301:Telop
4130:film
4057:Crank
3565:.divx
3541:HTML
3538:.vtt
3488:.usf
3466:Text
3443:Text
3417:Text
3414:.srt
3389:.ssf
3369:Text
3366:.stl
3346:HTML
3343:.smi
3296:Text
3293:.psb
3273:Text
3270:.pjs
3247:Text
3222:Text
3219:.sub
3215:MPSub
3170:Text
3167:.sub
3142:.jss
3071:Text
3068:.aqt
3048:Type
3042:Name
3017:High
2954:None
2904:Soft
2898:Hard
2757:Types
2721:Bonus
2613:Irish
2606:Welsh
2497:into
2491:Xhosa
2351:Nepal
2315:Malta
2261:Kenya
2245:Japan
2225:Irish
2221:Irish
2195:India
2037:China
2031:Chile
1955:Dutch
1715:Spain
1667:Italy
1400:DeepL
1280:India
1276:China
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3279:No
3276:No
3225:No
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