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injuries typical of diabetes. On the converse, an aneurysm which leads to compression of the oculomotor nerve affects the superficial fibers and manifests as a third nerve palsy with loss of the pupillary reflex (in fact, this third nerve finding is considered to represent an aneurysm—until proven
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Sympathetic postganglionic fibres also join the nerve from the plexus on the internal carotid artery in the wall of the cavernous sinus and are distributed through the nerve, e.g., to the smooth muscle of superior tarsal (Mueller's) muscle.
730:, which innervate skeletal muscle of the levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles. (Innervates all the extrinsic muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus.)
737:, which provide preganglionic parasympathetics to the ciliary ganglion. From the ciliary ganglion postganglionic fibers pass through the short ciliary nerve to the constrictor pupillae of the iris and the ciliary muscles.
807:
and older than 50 years of age, an oculomotor nerve palsy, in the classical sense, occurs with sparing (or preservation) of the pupillary reflex. This is thought to arise due to the anatomical arrangement of the
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834:. The examiner typically instructs the patient to hold his head still and follow only with the eyes a finger or penlight that circumscribes a large "H" in front of the patient. By observing the
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All these branches enter the muscles on their ocular surfaces, with the exception of the nerve to the inferior oblique, which enters the muscle at its posterior border.
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that enable pupillary constriction and accommodation (ability to focus on near objects as in reading). The oculomotor nerve is derived from the
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Since the oculomotor nerve controls most of the eye muscles, it may be easier to detect damage to it. Damage to this nerve, termed
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Cross-sectional anatomy of the midbrain showing location of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve and the
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
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and thickening of the lens of the eye. This can be tested in two main ways. By moving a finger toward a person's face to induce
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503:. The fibers from the two third nerve nuclei located laterally on either side of the cerebral aqueduct then pass through the
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Shining a light into one eye should result in equal constriction of the other eye. Fibers from the optic nerves
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in the optic chiasm with some fibers passing to the contralateral optic nerve tract. This is the basis of the "
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to emerge from the substance of the brainstem at the oculomotor sulcus (a groove on the lateral wall of the
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in the oculomotor nerve; fibers controlling the pupillary function are superficial and spared from
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Animations of extraocular cranial nerve and muscle function and damage (University of
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and continued pupillary dilation can indicate the presence of a lesion on the oculomotor nerve.
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symptoms, because of the position of the affected eye (lateral, downward deviation of gaze).
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850:, and cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Loss of function of any of the eye muscles results in
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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The
Clinical Anatomy of the Cranial Nerves: The Nerves of "On Olympus Towering Top"
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The third and longest runs forward between the inferior recti and lateralis to the
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From the third one, a short thick branch is given off to the lower part of the
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arteries (above), and then pierces the dura mater anterior and lateral to the
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and that raise the eyelid. The nerve also contains fibers that innervate the
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Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI are usually tested together as part of the
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of the sympathetic nervous system, and a communicating branch from the
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The oculomotor nerve (CN III) arises from the anterior aspect of the
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in the midbrain. The third nerve nucleus is located ventral to the
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Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled.
2027:
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at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (
1989:
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Vilensky, Joel; Robertson, Wendy; Suarez-Quian, Carlos (2015).
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842:, the examiner is able to obtain more information about the
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The oculomotor nerve also controls the constriction of the
658:(midbrain). There are two nuclei for the oculomotor nerve:
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it then divides into a superior and an inferior branch.
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nerve. As the oculomotor nerve enters the orbit via the
542:, passing between the free and attached borders of the
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The oculomotor nerve originates from the third nerve
726:The oculomotor nerve includes axons of type GSE,
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507:. From the red nucleus fibers then pass via the
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772:increased intracranial pressure (leading to
733:The nerve also includes axons of type GVE,
613:, the larger, divides into three branches.
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617:One passes beneath the optic nerve to the
526:, and enclosed in a prolongation from the
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1141:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
750:Paralysis of the oculomotor nerve, i.e.,
522:, the nerve is invested with a sheath of
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
740:
585:, the smaller, passes medially over the
29:This article includes a list of general
1038:
817:otherwise—and should be investigated).
779:due to a space-occupying lesion (e.g.,
2189:
1204:
1019:This article incorporates text in the
799:microvascular disease, e.g., diabetes.
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170:sphincter pupillae (parasympathetics)
95:Nerves of the orbit. Seen from above.
912:
78:Cranial nerve III, for eye movements
15:
868:
848:levator palpebrae superioris muscle
13:
600:
572:
174:ciliaris muscle (parasympathetics)
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1110:
962:Pathways in the Ciliary Ganglion.
938:Median sagittal section of brain.
891:, their pupils should constrict.
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1074:"sulcus of the oculomotor nerve"
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258:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
20:
1121:GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn3.htm
1052:. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell.
666:originates at the level of the
609:of the oculomotor nerve or the
581:of the oculomotor nerve or the
475:also participate in control of
2222:Parasympathetic nervous system
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825:
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765:demyelinating diseases (e.g.,
1:
2077:Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
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926:Map of the oculomotor nerve.
595:levator palpebrae superioris
482:
166:levator palpebrae superioris
7:
2252:Nerves of the head and neck
1856:Inferior salivatory nucleus
1027:of the 20th edition of
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721:
642:, and forms its short root.
10:
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1300:lateral geniculate nucleus
1261:anterior olfactory nucleus
1135:- "Oculomotor nerve palsy"
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872:
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693:fibers to the eye via the
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1988:
1980:Superior cervical cardiac
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1673:Superior salivary nucleus
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1426:spinal trigeminal nucleus
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950:Plan of oculomotor nerve.
832:cranial nerve examination
735:general visceral efferent
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540:posterior clinoid process
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2227:Autonomic nervous system
2113:spinal accessory nucleus
1553:pterygopalatine ganglion
1344:Edinger–Westphal nucleus
1143:Medical Subject Headings
900:swinging-flashlight test
788:subarachnoid haemorrhage
728:general somatic efferent
697:, and thus controls the
687:Edinger-Westphal nucleus
567:superior orbital fissure
530:. It passes between the
499:, on the pre-aqueductal
442:superior orbital fissure
126:Edinger-Westphal nucleus
1495:no significant branches
1397:no significant branches
1237:no significant branches
676:superior oblique muscle
50:more precise citations.
1815:Stylopharyngeal branch
1575:submandibular ganglion
1560:Nerve to the stapedius
1098:Oculomotor Nerve Palsy
986:anatomical terminology
879:Pupillary light reflex
859:oculomotor nerve palsy
752:oculomotor nerve palsy
1078:TheFreeDictionary.com
741:Clinical significance
680:lateral rectus muscle
518:On emerging from the
513:interpeduncular fossa
454:intrinsic eye muscles
1663:Facial motor nucleus
1359:parasympathetic root
754:, can arise due to:
491:at the level of the
450:movements of the eye
420:, also known as the
191:nervus oculomotorius
2232:Human head and neck
2217:Otorhinolaryngology
1975:Recurrent laryngeal
1820:Pharyngeal branches
1598:Posterior auricular
1446:trigeminal ganglion
844:extraocular muscles
672:extraocular muscles
668:superior colliculus
559:ophthalmic division
544:tentorium cerebelli
532:superior cerebellar
493:superior colliculus
446:extraocular muscles
422:third cranial nerve
1958:Superior laryngeal
1825:Tonsillar branches
1523:Intermediate nerve
1339:oculomotor nucleus
1003:Oculomotor nucleus
984:This article uses
861:, is known by its
767:multiple sclerosis
703:pupil constriction
701:muscle (affecting
699:sphincter pupillae
664:oculomotor nucleus
589:. It supplies the
536:posterior cerebral
122:Oculomotor nucleus
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2161:
2090:
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2056:Posterior gastric
1951:pharyngeal plexus
1946:Pharyngeal branch
1869:
1868:
1733:Scarpa's ganglion
1721:lateral lemniscus
1716:striae medullares
1699:vestibular nuclei
1687:Vestibulocochlear
1681:
1680:
1059:978-1-118-49201-7
913:Additional images
611:inferior division
583:superior division
549:It traverses the
497:cerebral aqueduct
467:. Cranial nerves
448:that enable most
426:cranial nerve III
414:
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336:Vestibulocochlear
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2202:Oculomotor nerve
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2108:nucleus ambiguus
2082:Solitary nucleus
2072:Nucleus ambiguus
2051:Anterior gastric
1998:Inferior cardiac
1928:Auricular branch
1923:Meningeal branch
1881:
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1861:Solitary nucleus
1851:Nucleus ambiguus
1830:Lingual branches
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1745:Glossopharyngeal
1668:Solitary nucleus
1548:Greater petrosal
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875:Pupillary reflex
869:Pupillary reflex
852:ophthalmoparesis
774:uncal herniation
695:ciliary ganglion
640:ciliary ganglion
633:inferior oblique
624:Another, to the
555:cavernous plexus
509:substantia nigra
436:that enters the
418:oculomotor nerve
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342:Glossopharyngeal
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264:edit on Wikidata
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551:cavernous sinus
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2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:Vagal trunks
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1915:jugular fossa
1911:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1886:jugular fossa
1882:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1835:Carotid sinus
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1808:otic ganglion
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1785:jugular fossa
1781:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1756:jugular fossa
1752:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:lingual nerve
1568:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1444:
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1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1387:
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1384:
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1377:
1369:
1366:
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1360:
1357:
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1337:
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1328:
1324:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
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1301:
1298:
1297:
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1292:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1227:septal nuclei
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1163:cranialnerves
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:public domain
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Cranial nerve
996:
994:
991:
990:
987:
970:
965:
958:
953:
946:
941:
934:
929:
922:
917:
916:
910:
908:
907:accommodation
903:
901:
897:
892:
890:
889:accommodation
886:
880:
876:
866:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
818:
815:
811:
806:
798:
793:
789:
785:
782:
778:
777:
775:
771:
768:
764:
761:
757:
756:
755:
753:
738:
736:
731:
729:
719:
712:
711:accommodation
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:
659:
657:
656:mesencephalon
647:
641:
637:
634:
630:
627:
623:
620:
619:medial rectus
616:
615:
614:
612:
608:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:cranial nerve
431:
427:
423:
419:
407:
402:
400:
395:
393:
388:
387:
385:
384:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
367:
366:
361:
357:
355:
351:
349:
345:
343:
339:
337:
333:
331:
327:
325:
321:
319:
315:
313:
309:
307:
303:
301:
297:
295:
291:
289:
285:
284:
283:
282:
279:
276:
275:
265:
259:
255:
252:
249:
247:
243:
240:
237:
235:
231:
228:
225:
223:
219:
216:
213:
211:
207:
204:
201:
199:
195:
192:
189:
187:
183:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:medial rectus
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
111:
104:
99:
92:
87:
82:
70:
67:
59:
49:
45:
39:
38:
32:
27:
18:
17:
1588:stylomastoid
1540:facial canal
1494:
1396:
1326:
1310:optic chiasm
1236:
1166:
1126:
1119:
1096:
1092:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:
1068:
1049:
1032:
1018:
1012:
904:
893:
882:
863:down and out
862:
856:
836:eye movement
829:
810:nerve fibers
802:
786:spontaneous
781:brain cancer
749:
732:
725:
716:
653:
645:
610:
606:
604:
582:
578:
576:
548:
534:(below) and
517:
486:
477:eye movement
440:through the
429:
428:, or simply
425:
421:
417:
415:
305:
227:A14.2.01.007
190:
62:
53:
34:
2135:Hypoglossal
1516:Near origin
1315:optic tract
826:Eye muscles
821:Examination
709:(affecting
587:optic nerve
505:red nucleus
501:grey matter
458:basal plate
360:Hypoglossal
180:Identifiers
48:introducing
2191:Categories
1728:Vestibular
1640:mandibular
1613:stylohyoid
1603:Suprahyoid
1528:Geniculate
1466:mandibular
1456:ophthalmic
1409:Trigeminal
1327:Oculomotor
1153:NeuroNames
1083:2022-08-08
1009:References
993:Anisocoria
896:cross over
873:See also:
705:) and the
563:trigeminal
334:CN VIII –
318:Trigeminal
306:Oculomotor
210:NeuroNames
146:Innervates
56:April 2014
31:references
2242:Neurology
2148:Branches
2096:Accessory
2016:posterior
2003:Pulmonary
1689:(CN VIII)
1630:zygomatic
1608:digastric
1491:Branches
1461:maxillary
1452:Branches
1393:Branches
1380:Trochlear
1350:Branches
1249:Olfactory
1133:eMedicine
1103:eMedicine
689:supplies
528:arachnoid
524:pia mater
520:brainstem
483:Structure
462:embryonic
358:CN XII –
354:Accessory
328:CN VII –
312:Trochlear
304:CN III –
294:Olfactory
2137:(CN XII)
2011:anterior
1968:internal
1963:external
1902:inferior
1897:superior
1893:Ganglia
1793:Tympanic
1772:inferior
1767:superior
1763:Ganglia
1645:cervical
1625:temporal
1509:(CN VII)
1478:Abducens
1368:inferior
1354:superior
1329:(CN III)
1215:Terminal
1149:hier-479
1025:page 884
980:See also
905:Loss of
814:ischemic
805:diabetes
722:Function
678:and the
465:midbrain
432:, is a
372:Overview
352:CN XI –
340:CN IX –
324:Abducens
322:CN VI –
310:CN IV –
298:CN II –
288:Terminal
2181:Anatomy
2152:lingual
2144:Nucleus
2120:Cranial
2104:Nuclei
2098:(CN XI)
2046:Hepatic
2028:Abdomen
1884:Before
1754:Before
1747:(CN IX)
1695:Nuclei
1590:foramen
1487:Nucleus
1480:(CN VI)
1442:Course
1417:Nuclei
1389:Nucleus
1382:(CN IV)
1335:Nuclei
1306:Course
1296:Nuclei
1290:(CN II)
1267:Course
1257:Nuclei
1233:Course
1223:Nuclei
1128:oph/183
840:eyelids
790:(e.g.,
758:direct
746:Disease
561:of the
489:nucleus
460:of the
346:CN X –
316:CN V –
292:CN I –
286:CN 0 –
203:D009802
113:Details
44:improve
2167:Portal
2125:Spinal
2065:Nuclei
2036:Celiac
1990:Thorax
1913:After
1877:(CN X)
1844:Nuclei
1783:After
1656:Nuclei
1635:buccal
1537:Inside
1507:Facial
1411:(CN V)
1251:(CN I)
1217:(CN 0)
1145:(MeSH)
1056:
1033:(1918)
885:pupils
846:, the
794:), and
783:) or a
760:trauma
650:Nuclei
430:CN III
330:Facial
33:, but
2041:Renal
1875:Vagus
1288:Optic
1023:from
438:orbit
377:Table
348:Vagus
300:Optic
262:[
251:50864
186:Latin
1938:Neck
1205:The
1054:ISBN
877:and
838:and
685:The
662:The
605:The
593:and
577:The
471:and
416:The
239:6187
222:TA98
198:MeSH
118:From
1586:At
1436:TMN
1421:PSN
1361:of
1168:III
1151:at
1131:at
1101:at
902:".
515:).
246:FMA
234:TA2
215:488
2193::
1431:MN
1076:.
1040:^
854:.
776:)
769:),
713:).
597:.
546:.
479:.
473:VI
469:IV
424:,
172:,
168:,
164:,
160:,
156:,
152:,
138:,
132:To
124:,
2169::
1198:e
1191:t
1184:v
1171:)
1086:.
1062:.
988:.
762:,
682:.
635:.
628:.
621:.
405:e
398:t
391:v
266:]
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
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