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nearly flat water. However, in any waves a boat with 13–15 cm (5–6 in) of rocker will be more seaworthy—rising over waves rather than going through them. A boat with more rocker can change direction easily whereas a straight keel boat will track well in a straight line but resist turning. High sided and fine-ended boats, such as dories, are affected by wind. Their trim can be altered by using a plastic container of water attached to a rope that can be moved to the bow or stern as need be. Long-distance rowers can keep up a steady 20 strokes per minute compared to a racing shell which can be rowed at 30–40 strokes per minute or more by fit athletes (depending on distance and racing circumstances).
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full ends (blunt ends); these may appear at first glance to be bad design as it looks slow, not fast. However a full-ended rowing boat will rise to a sea and not dig in as a finer hulled boat might do, thus a compromise needs to be made between the factors of speed and of seaworthiness. This style of rowing boat was designed to carry a bigger load and the full sections gave far more displacement. Also older boats were often very heavily constructed compared to their modern counterpart, hence weighed far more. A rowing boat designed as a tender carrying occupants to a boat on a mooring might tend to be short, whilst a boat for use on rivers and to travel long distances might be long and narrow.
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decelerating the system, the sum of all the external forces on the system, averaged over the cycle, must be zero. Thus, the average drag (retarding) force on the system must equal the average propulsion force on the system. The drag forces consist of aerodynamic drag on the superstructure of the system (components of the boat situated above the waterline), as well as the hydrodynamic drag on the submerged portion of the system. The propulsion forces are the forward reaction of the water on the oars while in the water. The oar can be used to provide a drag force (a force acting against the forward motion) when the system is brought to rest.
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choppy waters while heavily laden. Longer oars can be used to produce longer, slower strokes, which are easier to maintain over long distances. Designers may match oar length to the amount of space provided for oar storage in the boat. Wooden oars are generally made of a light, strong wood, such as fir or ash. The blades can either be flat for general use or spooned for faster propulsion. In modern racing boats, oars are created from a composite of materials such as carbon fiber which makes them lightweight.
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486:- seats that go from one side of the hull to the other, as well as forming part of the hull structure. A boat that is "double banked" has two crew members sitting on each thwart, each pulling an oar on their side of the boat. In a "single banked" boat, there is one person on each thwart pulling one oar. Though there is usually an even number of oars used in single banked boats (alternating port and starboard along the length of the boat) a common exception is the arrangement in many
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895:, cites the opinion of the late W. P. Stephens that in New York City there is a Whitehall Street and this was where the Whitehall was first built. Chapelle, Stephens and others agree that the design came into existence some time in the 1820s in New York City, having first been built by navy yard apprentices who had derived their model to some extent from the old naval gig.
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Over time the design, of both the oars and the blades, has significantly changed. Typically, the part of the oars that are inboard of the rowlock have stayed the same length but the outboard part has gotten shorter. The different lengths of the oars affect both the energy that the rower has to put in
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When it comes to how long the rowing boat should be, it is a compromise between two factors that will affect the speed of the boat. If the boat is too short, the boat will reach a very low maximum speed. If the boat is too long, there will be more friction and more wet surface. Therefore, the minimum
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The classic shapes of rowing boats reflect an evolution of hundreds of years of trial and error to get a good shape. Some factors to be considered are waterline length, speed, carrying capacity, stability, windage, weight, seaworthiness, cost, waterline beam, the fullness or fineness of the ends, and
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In some localities, rear-facing systems prevail. In other localities, forward-facing systems prevail, especially in crowded areas such as in Venice, Italy and in Asian and
Indonesian rivers and harbors. This is not strictly an "either-or", because in different situations it's useful to be able to row
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of the boat's hull – this cut-out is usually in a wash-strake, a strake that sits above the gunwale. (The term rowlock is often applied to an oar crutch.) A rowlock may be closed when, for instance, a boat is being used under sail. Strictly speaking, this is done with a piece called a
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If the freeboard (height of the gunwale above the waterline) is too high then windage will be high and as a result, the boat will be caught by the wind and the rower will not be able to control the boat in high winds. If the freeboard is too low, water will enter the boat through waves. If the boat
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The use of oars in rowing instead of paddling came rather late to northern Europe, sometime between 500 BC-1 AD. This change might have been hastened by the Roman conquest of
Northern Gaul. However, between 500 and 1100 AD, combined sailing and rowing vessels dominated trade and warfare in northern
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used 170 rowers; later galleys included even larger crews. Trireme oarsmen used leather cushions to slide over their seats, which allowed them to use their leg strength as a modern oarsman does with a sliding seat. Galleys usually had masts and sails, but would lower them at the approach of combat.
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The beginning of rowing is clouded in history but the use of oars in the way they are used today can be traced back to ancient Egypt. Whether it was invented in Egypt or something learned from
Mesopotamia via trade is not known. However, archaeologists have recovered a model of a rowing vessel in a
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A rower can maintain high stroke-rates per minute for only a brief period. Longer, narrower rowing boats can reach 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) but most rowing boats of 4.3 m (14 ft) can be rowed at 3–4 knots (5.6–7.4 km/h; 3.5–4.6 mph). Many old rowing boats have very
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is too wide the boat will be slow and have more resistance to waves. Overall beam (width) is important. If the rowlocks are too close together the oars will be difficult to use. If the rowlocks are too far apart then the boat will be overly large and rowing will be inefficient, wasting a rower's
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Although the oar can be conveniently thought of as a lever with a "fixed" pivot point in the water, the blade moves sideways and sternwards through the water, so that the magnitude of the propulsion force developed is the result of a complex interaction between unsteady fluid mechanics (the water
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A short oar makes quick but short strokes possible. A short oar is easier to use in a narrow creek or a crowded anchorage. This is important in a small tender which may be heavily laden with passengers, limiting the swing of the oars. A short, quick stroke prevents the bow being driven under in
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a "pulling boat" has each person working one oar on one side, alternating port and starboard along the length of the boat; whilst "rowing" means each person operates two oars, one on each side of the boat. On inland waterways, the opposite applies, with "rowing" being where each person in a crew
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Spring in the keel or rocker influences how a rowing boat performs. Longer, slender race boats have less rocker of about 7.6 cm (3 in). A short 2.4-meter (8 ft) pram dinghy has a rocker of 15–18 cm (6–7 in). Boats with less rocker are easier to row and faster in flat or
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Rowing is a cyclic (or intermittent) form of propulsion such that in the quasi-steady state the motion of the system (the system comprising the rower, the oars, and the boat), is repeated regularly. In order to maintain the steady-state propulsion of the system without either accelerating or
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The traditional terminology, in a strict application, varies between boats operating on salt water and in fresh water. "Rowing" at sea denotes each rower operating a pair of oars, one on each side of the boat. When each person uses a single oar on one side of the boat, that action is termed
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The origins of this distinctive and practical craft are unclear. In earlier times, however, builders were often sailors or seafaring men. Successful designs for large and small craft alike evolved slowly and as certain desirable qualities were attained and perfected they rarely changed.
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Oar crutches – commonly called "rowlocks" (see below for the strict definition) are metal fittings, usually U-shaped, with a pin underneath that fits into a metal socket on the gunwale. The oar sits in the U-shaped portion and the oar crutch pivots in the socket whilst in
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There are three styles of
Venetian rowing, each slightly different. The first consists of a single oarsman with one oar, standing near the stern of the boat where the oar also acts as a rudder. The second style consists of one or two oarsmen, each with two crossed oars (known as
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if used in a boat not designed for forward motion, uses regular oars with a pushing motion to achieve forward-facing travel, sometimes seated and sometimes standing. This is a convenient method of manoeuvring in a narrow waterway or through a busy harbour.
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There are some advantages and disadvantages that are attributed to the weight of the rowing boat. A very light boat will most likely start to slow down as soon as the oar stroke has ended. In contrast, a heavier boat will likely continue to move forward.
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A seated rower pulls on one or two oars, which lever the boat through the water. The pivot point of the oars (attached solidly to the boat) is the fulcrum for this lever. The person operating the oar is kept in position (when applying maximum force) by a
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a boat facing either way. The current emphasis on the health aspects of rowing has resulted in some new mechanical systems being developed, some (such as the
Rantilla rowing method) very different from the traditional rowing systems of the past.
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In some strict terminologies, using oars for propulsion may be termed either "pulling" or "rowing", with different definitions for each. Where these strict terminologies are used, the definitions are reversed depending on the context. On
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An oarport is a hole cut through the side of the hull. The oar has to be passed through this hole when it is needed. A slot may be cut in one part of the hole to allow the blade of the oar to get through (as seen in the
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During the classical age of oared galleys, the Greeks dominated the
Mediterranean while the Athenians dominated the other Greeks. They used thousands of lower-class citizens to serve as rowers in the fleet. In
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To have good width and the height that ensures the balance of the rowing boat, a weight can be added in the bow, alternatively, the boat can supply a second rowing position further forward for this purpose.
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446:. They are often used in pairs, with the oar resting between them. If used singly, the oar bears against the thole pin on the power stroke and is held in place by a leather strop for the return stroke.
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recommended length should be around 16 feet. If the boat is longer than that recommended length, the boat is usually narrower and although faster will generally be more difficult to balance.
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is designed for one person then only a single rowing position is required. If the rower is to carry a passenger at the stern than the boat will be stern heavy and trim will be incorrect.
700:, due to the oarsman facing forward in a standing position. This allows the boat to maneuver very quickly and with agility - useful in the narrow and busy canals of Venice. Competitive
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flow around the blade) and solid mechanics and dynamics (the handle force applied to the oar, the oar's inertia and bending characteristic, the acceleration of the boat and so on).
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644:, is that in rowing the oars are held in place at a pivot point that is in a fixed position relative to the boat. This point is the load point for the oar to act as a
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extending from the sides of the boat. Racing boats also have sliding seats to allow the use of the legs in addition to the body to apply power to the oar.
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ships in light seas with low winds: they were easier to maneuver, capable of short bursts of speed, and able to move independently of the wind.
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rivers were part of this region and flowing from the north to the south they quickly became an integral part of the non-nomadic civilizations.
357:, a leading naval power at the time, rowing was regarded as an honorable profession of which men should possess some practical knowledge.
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479:"pulling". In fresh water terminology, "rowing" is the use of one oar per person, whilst "pulling" denotes each person using two oars.
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and other similar flat-bottomed boats are popular forms of transport propelled by oars which are held in place by an open wooden
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effort. Sometimes on narrow, faster rowing boats for protected waters outriggers are added to increase rowlock separation.
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They row with their feet. As Mrs. Gấm puts it: "Rowing boat by feet is much quicker and less exhausting than by hands."
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tomb dating back to the 18-19th century BC. The model they found was of a wide boat with shallow bottom, rather like a
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If the waterline beam (width) is too narrow the boat will be tender and the occupant at risk of falling out, if the
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Some hold that the
Whitehall rowing boat design was introduced from England. However the famed nautical historian
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This article focuses on the general types of rowing, such as recreation and transport rather than the sport of
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J. S. Morrison, J. F. Coates, N. B. Rankov. Publisher: Cambridge
University Press; 2 edition (20 Jul 2000),
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551:, Italy in which the rower stands up, facing forward and resting a single oar in a special oarlock called
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Greek fleets would even leave their sails and masts on shore (as being unnecessary weight) if possible.
227:, but rowing requires oars to be mechanically attached to the boat, and the rower drives the oar like a
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and a reversing transmission to achieve forward motion of the boat with a pulling motion on the oars.
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Most modern style rowing boats are considerably lighter than traditional clinker-built style.
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Labbé, Romain; Boucher, Jean-Philippe; Clanet, Christophe; Benzaquen, Michael (2019-09-01).
648:(the blade fixed in the water is the fulcrum). In flatwater rowing, the boat (also called a
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264:) involves each participant using a pair of oars. In a maritime setting "sculling" means
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716:). The third style has two or more oarsmen, rowing on alternate sides of the boat.
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Oars are held in an oarlock at the end of riggers attached to the side of this boat
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A rowlock or oarlock is, in strict terminology, a U-shaped cut-out in the top-most
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are completely hand-held and have no attachment to the boat, and are driven like a
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The
Athenian Trireme: The History and Reconstruction of an Ancient Greek Warship.
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The
Whaleboat : a study of design, construction, and use from 1850 to 1970
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The Age of Battles: The Quest for Decisive Warfare from Breitenfeld to Waterloo
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Sargent, Rachel L. (1927). "The Use of Slaves by the Athenians in Warfare".
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This article is about oar powered propulsion in general. For the sport, see
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The distinction between rowing and other forms of water transport, such as
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Thole pins are wooden pegs that are inserted into holes in the top of the
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Different types of pivot points can be used as a fulcrum for the oar.
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Galleys continued to be used in the Mediterranean until the advent of
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technique of rowing is considerably different from the style used in
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Woman rowing sampan with her feet in Ninh Bình Province of northern
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using strictly regulated equipment and a highly refined technique.
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as well as the performance, in terms of speed of the rowing boat.
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1072:. ACLS Humanities E-Book. Indiana University Press. p. 133.
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trim. Design details are a compromise between competing factors.
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are also held using the Venetian rowing technique by using both
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1028:"BBC - A History of the World - Object: Egyptian funerary boat"
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Three members of a student rowing club in a coxed pair in the
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G. R. G. Worcester. Publisher: Naval Institute Press; 1971,
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propelling a boat with a single oar operated over the stern
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Typical Finnish rowing boats on the shore of Palokkajärvi,
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Early ships and seafaring : European water transport
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is rowed forward in the standing position with two oars.
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A forward-facing rowing technique used in the Slovenian
1236:. South Yorkshire, England: Pen and Sword Archaeology.
313:, which was designed to float on the shallow rivers of
660:, and the oars are attached to oarlocks ( also called
1156:"BBC - Oxford Culture - History of rowing and Henley"
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Europe in the time that has come to be known as the
482:Traditional boats propelled by oar are fitted with
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shutter, which is habitually mistermed a "poppett".
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1469:https://www.virginiarowing.com/sculling-boats.html
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1576:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). pp. 783–786.
967:Working Boats of Britain, Their Shape and Purpose
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969:(1997 ed.). London: Conway Maritime Press.
603:The "Rantilla" system of frontrowing oars uses
437:Thole pins in a close up from the picture above
1482:. p 158–160. J. Welsford. Reed. Auckland 1999.
1385:La forcola - le barche per la Voga alla Veneta
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1311:"How Vietnamese Guides Row With Their Feet"
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783:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1053:1001 Inventions That Changed The World
239:direction as the boat's travel; while
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1445:"Rowboats, what makes a good rowboat"
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1282:The Junks and Sampans of the Yangtze
1100:The Lost Technology of Ancient Greek
996:(1941 ed.). London: HMSO. 1937.
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340:onward. Galleys had advantages over
336:and trade in the Mediterranean from
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223:. Rowing is functionally similar to
69:adding citations to reliable sources
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27:Act of propelling a boat using oars
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547:) is the traditional technique in
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1309:Matthew Pike (January 30, 2018).
1008:"Speed Rower, Competitive Rowing"
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624:Distinction from other watercraft
456:A rowlock cut into the washstrake
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1564:Pitman, Charles Murray (1911).
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275:which is a specialized case of
216:to displace water and generate
56:needs additional citations for
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994:Admiralty Manual of Seamanship
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212:using the sweeping motions of
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397:Rearward-facing rowing system
1257:Ansel, Willits Dyer (1978).
708:and other types of vessels.
571:Another system (also called
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2612:Fishery Protection Squadron
1449:www.christinedemerchant.com
1261:. : Mystic Seaport Museum.
906:Coastal and offshore rowing
898:
763:the claims made and adding
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328:Rowing vessels, especially
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1420:"Boats - Rowing technique"
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2597:Commercial fishing boats
2514:Animal-powered transport
1519:10.1088/1367-2630/ab4226
1494:"Physics of rowing oars"
1212:shipfans.blogspot.com.es
605:inboard mounted oarlocks
210:human-powered watercraft
3303:Human-powered transport
2389:Non-vehicular transport
1612:Human-powered transport
1573:Encyclopædia Britannica
1339:Basic Physics of Rowing
857:
406:Rearward-facing systems
389:Types of rowing systems
36:Rowing (disambiguation)
3246:Builders and designers
2539:Zero-emissions vehicle
1498:New Journal of Physics
1232:McGrail, Sean (2014).
1066:Weigley, R.F. (2004).
877:Whitehall rowing boats
846:
681:
633:
525:
514:
494:Forward-facing systems
457:
438:
419:
418:, a single banked boat
398:
300:
202:
191:
179:
159:
148:
147:A rowing dinghy in use
34:. For other uses, see
1394:at www.vogaveneta.it
1372:at www.vogaveneta.it
1313:. TheCulturalTrip.com
840:
679:
656:) is narrow to avoid
631:
589:of northern Vietnam.
585:are rowed by foot in
520:
501:
455:
436:
413:
396:
290:
197:
185:
174:
154:
146:
1560:at Wikimedia Commons
965:McKee, Eric (1983).
65:improve this article
2477:Alpine touring skis
2287:Hand and foot power
1877:Cold-weather biking
1817:Small-wheel bicycle
1725:Glossary of cycling
1690:Cyclo-cross bicycle
1675:Cold-weather biking
1510:2019NJPh...21i3050L
1480:Backyard Boatbulder
1114:Classical Philology
680:A Gondola in Venice
338:classical antiquity
2482:Cross-country skis
2146:Litter/sedan chair
1710:Flat bar road bike
1390:2009-08-08 at the
1368:2009-07-17 at the
893:Howard I. Chapelle
847:
748:possibly contains
682:
646:second-class lever
634:
587:Ninh Bình Province
526:
515:
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273:competitive rowing
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2236:
2235:
1918:Motorized scooter
1913:Motorized bicycle
1792:Recumbent bicycle
1735:Motorized bicycle
1558:Watercraft rowing
1556:Media related to
1409:at www.venetia.it
1298:978-0-87021-335-9
1196:978-0-521-56456-4
1079:978-0-253-21707-3
1055:. Hachette India.
883:Whitehall rowboat
793:
792:
785:
750:original research
611:Rowing propulsion
416:Cornish pilot gig
283:History of rowing
247:, exerting force
175:A rowing boat in
172:
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
3310:
3270:
3269:
3254:Philip C. Bolger
2934:Monterey clipper
2814:Friendship sloop
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2627:Research vessels
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2393:
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2347:Amphibious cycle
2302:(sliding rigger)
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2028:Invalid carriage
1943:Other foot power
1901:Electric bicycle
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694:Voga alla Veneta
664:) at the end of
545:voga alla veneta
512:voga alla veneta
383:steam propulsion
355:Classical Athens
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2095:Pulled rickshaw
2085:Flatbed trolley
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2001:
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1934:Treadle bicycle
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1852:Utility bicycle
1827:Touring bicycle
1777:Porteur bicycle
1745:Mountain biking
1715:Folding bicycle
1680:Cruiser bicycle
1650:Bicycle trailer
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1772:Penny-farthing
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1567:"Rowing"
1561:
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1546:External links
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1436:
1424:www.venetia.it
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1120:(3): 264–279.
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936:Rowing (sport)
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911:College rowing
908:
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881:Main article:
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862:Main article:
859:
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843:Sunnmørsfæring
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360:The Classical
349:
348:Ancient Greece
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32:Rowing (sport)
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746:This section
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714:a la valesĂ na
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334:naval warfare
331:
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304:Ancient Egypt
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121:February 2022
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82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
3223:Recreational
3171:Oyster boats
2829:Herring buss
2739:Chasse-marée
2455:Snow and ice
2299:
2293:
2274:(fixed seat)
2271:
2177:Caster board
2110:Stairclimber
2070:Baggage cart
2049:Rowing cycle
1960:Kick scooter
1950:Balance bike
1872:Wheelie bike
1837:Trailer bike
1797:Road bicycle
1670:City bicycle
1571:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1414:
1402:
1396:(in Italian)
1380:
1374:(in Italian)
1358:
1347:. Retrieved
1338:
1335:"Resistance"
1329:
1321:
1315:. Retrieved
1304:
1281:
1277:
1258:
1252:
1233:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:
1202:
1179:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1159:
1150:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1068:
1061:
1052:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1031:
1022:
1011:. Retrieved
1002:
993:
966:
931:Single scull
921:Racing shell
916:Ocean rowing
890:
886:
871:
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594:Intha people
591:
581:
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559:
552:
544:
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527:
511:
481:
477:
472:Gokstad ship
429:
421:
400:
380:
372:
359:
351:
327:
307:
270:
262:sport rowing
253:
248:
236:
205:
204:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
2661:Traditional
2534:Human power
2380:Ornithopter
2208:Street luge
2125:Wheelbarrow
1955:Dandy horse
1787:Quadracycle
1760:Singletrack
1628:Pedal power
833:Performance
684:In Venice,
529:Push rowing
317:. Both the
315:Mesopotamia
277:boat racing
231:, exerting
3298:Watercraft
3287:Categories
3162:Swampscott
3152:Gloucester
3109:Well smack
3004:Peter boat
2809:Frejgatina
2622:Longliners
2589:Commercial
2467:Ice skates
2396:Foot power
2375:Helicopter
2340:Amphibious
2317:Hydrocycle
2310:Foot power
2250:Hand power
2203:Billy cart
2182:Snakeboard
2172:Pogo stick
2090:Hand truck
2075:Bath chair
2042:Row action
2033:Wheelchair
2006:Hand power
1997:Skateboard
1987:Freeskates
1977:Brakeboard
1867:Velomobile
1862:Velocipede
1767:Party bike
1665:Cargo bike
1660:Boneshaker
1349:2007-01-02
1317:2018-10-12
1013:2009-02-05
948:References
773:April 2011
757:improve it
666:outriggers
488:whaleboats
376:Viking Age
299:off a port
297:man-of-war
295:and Dutch
245:cantilever
221:propulsion
218:reactional
91:newspapers
3231:Bass boat
3203:Schooners
3193:Log canoe
3049:Shad boat
3024:Reed boat
3019:Pump boat
2974:Panineman
2899:Lepa-lepa
2834:Ipanitika
2819:Gableboat
2794:Fembøring
2674:Armadahan
2494:Snowshoes
2322:Hydrofoil
2213:Snowboard
2120:Toy wagon
2115:Stretcher
2018:Handcycle
1992:Longboard
1982:Freeboard
1881:ice cycle
1536:128299207
1528:1367-2630
1363:Le barche
1142:224798329
761:verifying
654:fine boat
425:stretcher
319:Euphrates
291:A French
257:saltwater
157:Jyväskylä
3272:Category
3213:Skipjack
3188:Deadrise
3183:Buy-boat
3147:Cape Ann
3094:Voadeira
3064:Sneakbox
3054:Sixareen
3034:Salambaw
2989:Patorani
2964:Paduwang
2944:Nordland
2924:Mackinaw
2904:Lis-alis
2839:Jongkong
2699:Basnigan
2637:Trawlers
2602:Drifters
2462:Crampons
2363:Aircraft
2218:Toboggan
1972:Kicksled
1965:Kickbike
1847:Unicycle
1842:Tricycle
1812:Sociable
1802:Roadster
1755:Downhill
1655:BMX bike
1454:July 30,
1429:July 30,
1388:Archived
1366:Archived
1343:Archived
1217:26 March
1165:July 30,
1037:26 March
941:Sculling
899:See also
706:gondolas
702:regattas
686:gondolas
642:kayaking
638:canoeing
573:sculling
566:Slovenia
321:and the
249:opposite
225:paddling
80:"Rowing"
3208:Sharpie
3014:Poveiro
3009:Pirogue
2954:Orembai
2844:Jangada
2799:Ferilla
2789:Felucca
2784:Falkuša
2764:Currach
2754:Coracle
2729:Camakau
2714:Bokkura
2642:Whalers
2632:Seiners
2523:outline
2519:Cycling
2439:Walking
2427:Running
2191:Gravity
2139:Carried
2023:Hobcart
2013:Handcar
1906:Pedelec
1857:Velocar
1720:Go-kart
1705:Fatbike
1644:outline
1640:Bicycle
1506:Bibcode
755:Please
690:fĂłrcola
583:Sampans
554:fĂłrcola
504:gondola
484:thwarts
444:gunwale
362:trireme
342:sailing
330:galleys
241:paddles
235:in the
200:Vietnam
105:scholar
18:Oarsman
3293:Rowing
3236:Farley
3178:Bugeye
3134:Dories
3114:Tipnol
3079:Tataya
3074:Tatara
3039:Sampan
3029:Sandeq
2994:Pelang
2979:Paopao
2969:Pajala
2949:Ontang
2929:Mayang
2914:Lugger
2889:Lakana
2884:Kulibo
2879:Korkor
2859:Kajjik
2854:Junkun
2849:Jukung
2779:Dugout
2774:Dogger
2724:CaĂŻque
2704:Bawley
2694:Bangka
2420:skates
2408:skates
2327:Pedalo
2300:Rowing
2294:Rowing
2272:Rowing
2167:Trikke
1894:assist
1700:Enduro
1534:
1526:
1296:
1288:
1265:
1240:
1194:
1186:
1140:
1134:262754
1132:
1085:1 June
1076:
973:
817:Weight
808:Length
692:. The
562:pletna
549:Venice
523:pletna
508:Venice
463:strake
323:Tigris
293:galley
206:Rowing
188:Amstel
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
3198:Pungy
3142:Banks
3089:Vinta
3069:Takia
3059:Smack
3044:Sgoth
2984:Paraw
2959:Owong
2939:Nobby
2919:Luzzu
2909:Londe
2874:Kolae
2869:Kakap
2804:Fifie
2769:Dhoni
2759:Couta
2749:Coble
2744:Chhot
2709:Bigiw
2684:Bagan
2679:Awang
2262:Kayak
2257:Canoe
2242:Water
1532:S2CID
1138:S2CID
1130:JSTOR
662:gates
650:shell
598:Burma
577:yuloh
311:barge
233:force
229:lever
190:River
177:Japan
112:JSTOR
98:books
3124:Yoal
3119:Yawl
3104:Waka
3084:Va'a
2894:Lepa
2864:Kaep
2689:Bago
2368:list
2278:Punt
2130:Sled
2080:Cart
1750:27.5
1635:29er
1620:Land
1524:ISSN
1456:2019
1431:2019
1294:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1219:2018
1192:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1167:2019
1087:2023
1074:ISBN
1039:2018
971:ISBN
864:Oars
858:Oars
797:beam
658:drag
592:The
560:The
539:The
450:use.
237:same
214:oars
84:news
2472:Ski
2356:Air
1514:doi
1122:doi
759:by
652:or
640:or
596:of
564:of
506:in
67:by
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