931:
431:
and Upper Santa Cruz River. In the early 18th century, they were gradually driven out of the lower San Pedro River valley. In the middle of the century, their remaining settlements along the upper San Pedro River were broken up by
Arivaipa and Pinaleño Apache attacks. They moved west, seeking refuge
250:
245:
234:
199:
326:
is spoken by all O'odham groups. There are certain dialectal differences, but they are mutually intelligible and all O'odham groups can understand one another.
919:
167:
162:
338:
The Pima Alto or Upper Pima groups were subdivided by scholars on the basis of cultural, economic and linguistic differences into two main groupings:
897:
1094:
1160:
912:
116:
459:
by the
Spanish. They lived in the semi-arid deserts and mountains south of present-day Tucson, Tubac, and south of the Gila River
1141:
1170:
905:
858:
754:
718:
72:
927:
330:
differences have arisen among the different groups, especially in reference to newer technologies and innovations.
812:
1175:
531:– "Sand Root Crushers," commonly known as "Sand Pimas," lived west and southwest of the Tohono O'odham in the
935:
380:
108:
427:, called by the neighboring Akimel O'odham as Ṣáṣavino – "spotted"), originally lived in the valleys of the
399:
112:
17:
365:
143:
1165:
428:
437:
415:
120:
104:
1035:
579:
564:
524:
84:
532:
1057:
376:
869:
Because of dialect variations, both groups of the Hia C-eḍ O'odham are sometimes known as
8:
1102:
1088:
311:
274:
100:
802:
Alternate spellings include: Gutzutag, Gusutag, Gusitag, Guzutac, Gusutaqui, Gussutaqui.
711:
Landscapes of Fraud: Mission Tumac‡cori, the Baca Float, and the
Betrayal of the O'odham
42:
627:
555:
south into northwestern Sonora, Mexico. There they were known to the Tohono O'odham as
552:
407:
183:
854:
777:
750:
714:
444:
76:
350:
349:. Since the late 20th century, they have been called by their own name, or endonym:
80:
1112:
151:
1003:
988:
744:
571:
1122:
1067:
623:
548:
536:
266:
88:
1154:
998:
993:
1047:
327:
139:
1072:
1040:
1008:
968:
436:
The other peoples are the Tohono O'odham or Desert Pima, enrolled in the
1052:
958:
953:
816:
619:
544:
395:
258:
221:
1030:
1023:
973:
615:
540:
420:
379:
People," lived and farmed along the Salt River), now included in the
135:, although some argue that one group invaded the other's territory.
983:
432:
among the Tohono O'odham and Akimel O'odham, with whom they merged.
364:
by outsiders, lived north of and along the Gila, the Salt, and the
226:
172:
589:
around the mountains, which were home to the Areneños
Pinacateños)
398:
People", lived and farmed along the Gila River), now known as the
1127:
1117:
1107:
1013:
963:
939:
930:
641:
210:
194:
132:
131:
Most archaeologists believe the Oʼodham to be descended from the
92:
41:
This article is about the O'odham people. For the language, see
96:
527:("Sand Dune People", also known by the neighboring O'odham as
447:("Desert People"); the neighboring Akimel O'odham called them
1062:
123:
or off-reservation in one of the cities or towns of
Arizona.
35:
31:
838:
Papago Local Groups and
Defensive Villages, Period 1859–1890
1018:
978:
99:, and they are united by a common heritage language, the
663:
Separate winter and summer residences ("two-villagers")
733:
Alternate spellings include: O'odaam, Ootoma, or Odami.
890:. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press.
570:Areneños Pinacateños or Pinacateños (lived in the
1152:
813:"Ak-Chin Indian Community – About our Community"
886:Castetter, Edward F.; Bell, Willis H. (1942).
455:– "eating tepary beans", which was pronounced
913:
885:
66:
60:
742:
684:40% hunting and gathering, 60% agricultural
681:75% hunting and gathering, 25% agricultural
368:rivers in what is today defined as Arizona)
360:meaning "River People", often simply called
736:
920:
906:
704:
702:
700:
117:Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community
708:
697:
87:. Their historical territory is in the
14:
1153:
1142:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
947:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona
746:Encyclopedia of Native American tribes
901:
709:Sheridan, Thomas E. (30 March 2006).
635:Land around the Gila and Salt Rivers
333:
24:
888:Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture
749:. Infobase Publishing. p. 4.
678:Nearly 100% hunting and gathering
103:. Today, many O'odham live in the
25:
1187:
1161:Native American tribes in Arizona
929:
1082:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona
879:
713:. University of Arizona Press.
632:Desert south of the Gila River
578:by the Hia C-eḍ O'odham in the
863:
843:
831:
805:
796:
770:
727:
341:One was known commonly as the
138:As of the late 1600s, Oʼodham
27:Indigenous Uto-Aztecan peoples
13:
1:
853:University of Arizona Press,
840:. Underhill 1939, S. 211–234.
690:
381:Salt River Indian Reservation
109:San Xavier Indian Reservation
1171:Indigenous peoples in Mexico
7:
675:Prevalence of agriculture
400:Gila River Indian Community
305:
113:Gila River Indian Community
10:
1192:
126:
40:
29:
1136:
1081:
946:
660:Nomadic ("no-villagers")
666:Perennial habitation on
416:Ak-Chin Indian Community
121:Ak-Chin Indian Community
91:in southern and central
30:Not to be confused with
784:. National Park Service
585:Areneños (lived in the
580:Cabeza Prieta Mountains
565:Tinajas Altas Mountains
582:in Arizona and Sonora)
533:Gran Desierto de Altar
423:, (also simply called
75:peoples including the
67:
61:
1176:Oasisamerica cultures
851:Gathering the Desert,
743:Carl Waldman (2006).
611:Traditional homeland
438:Tohono O'odham Nation
386:Keli Akimel O'otham (
371:On'k Akimel O'odham (
105:Tohono O'odham Nation
875:Amargosa Pinacateños
657:Habitation patterns
388:Keli Akimel Au-Authm
373:On'k Akimel Au-Authm
314:, variously called
936:Indigenous peoples
849:Gary Paul Nabhan:
819:on August 18, 2011
670:("one-villagers")
628:Gulf of California
553:Gulf of California
501:– "desert willow")
334:Oʼodham sub-groups
1148:
1147:
871:Amargosa Areneños
859:978-0-8165-1014-6
756:978-0-8160-6274-4
720:978-0-8165-2513-3
688:
687:
646:Sand Dune People
600:Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham
146:Valley included:
71:) are a group of
16:(Redirected from
1183:
1166:Southwest tribes
1097:
1089:Ancestral Pueblo
934:
933:
922:
915:
908:
899:
898:
892:
891:
883:
877:
867:
861:
847:
841:
835:
829:
828:
826:
824:
815:. Archived from
809:
803:
800:
794:
793:
791:
789:
774:
768:
767:
765:
763:
740:
734:
731:
725:
724:
706:
595:
594:
563:named after the
529:Hia Tadk Ku꞉mdam
525:Hia C-eḍ O'odham
412:Ak-Chin Au-Authm
358:Akimel Au-Authm,
356:Akimel O'odham (
312:O'odham language
144:Santa Cruz River
101:O'odham language
85:Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham
70:
64:
43:Oʼodham language
21:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1132:
1093:
1077:
1004:Southern Paiute
942:
928:
926:
896:
895:
884:
880:
868:
864:
848:
844:
836:
832:
822:
820:
811:
810:
806:
801:
797:
787:
785:
776:
775:
771:
761:
759:
757:
741:
737:
732:
728:
721:
707:
698:
693:
606:Akimel Oʼodham
603:Tohono Oʼodham
572:Sierra Pinacate
449:Pahpah Au-Authm
429:San Pedro River
408:Ak-Chin O'odham
336:
328:Lexicographical
308:
303:
129:
73:Native American
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1189:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1058:Western Apache
1055:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1041:Akimel O'odham
1038:
1036:Tohono Oʼodham
1028:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
950:
948:
944:
943:
925:
924:
917:
910:
902:
894:
893:
878:
862:
842:
830:
804:
795:
769:
755:
735:
726:
719:
695:
694:
692:
689:
686:
685:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:
664:
661:
658:
654:
653:
650:
649:Desert People
647:
644:
637:
636:
633:
630:
624:Colorado River
612:
608:
607:
604:
601:
598:
593:
592:
591:
590:
583:
549:Colorado River
537:Sonoran Desert
522:
521:
520:
509:
502:
495:
488:
481:
474:
467:
445:Tohono O'odham
434:
433:
418:
405:
404:
403:
392:Akimel O'odham
384:
351:Akimel Oʼotham
335:
332:
320:O'odham ñiʼokĭ
316:O'odham ñeʼokĭ
307:
304:
302:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
272:
269:
264:
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229:
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216:
213:
208:
205:
202:
197:
192:
189:
186:
181:
178:
175:
170:
165:
160:
157:
154:
148:
128:
125:
89:Sonoran desert
81:Tohono Oʼodham
77:Akimel O'odham
53:Upper Oʼodham,
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1188:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1126:
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1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
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1096:
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1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
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987:
985:
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977:
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967:
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962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
923:
918:
916:
911:
909:
904:
903:
900:
889:
882:
876:
872:
866:
860:
856:
852:
846:
839:
834:
818:
814:
808:
799:
783:
779:
778:"Place Names"
773:
758:
752:
748:
747:
739:
730:
722:
716:
712:
705:
703:
701:
696:
683:
680:
677:
674:
673:
669:
665:
662:
659:
656:
655:
652:River People
651:
648:
645:
643:
639:
638:
634:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
610:
609:
605:
602:
599:
597:
596:
588:
587:Gran Desierto
584:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
518:
514:
510:
507:
503:
500:
496:
493:
489:
486:
482:
479:
475:
472:
468:
465:
461:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
443:
442:
441:
439:
430:
426:
422:
419:
417:
413:
409:
406:
401:
397:
393:
390:, oft simply
389:
385:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:
353:
352:
348:
344:
339:
331:
329:
325:
324:Oʼotham ñiok,
321:
317:
313:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
276:
273:
270:
268:
265:
262:
260:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
241:
238:
236:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
217:
214:
212:
209:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
190:
187:
185:
182:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
147:
145:
141:
136:
134:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:and northern
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
63:
58:
54:
51:
44:
37:
33:
19:
1138:
1053:Southern Ute
1048:Tonto Apache
887:
881:
874:
870:
865:
850:
845:
837:
833:
821:. Retrieved
817:the original
807:
798:
786:. Retrieved
781:
772:
762:November 22,
760:. Retrieved
745:
738:
729:
710:
667:
614:Between the
586:
575:
560:
556:
539:between the
528:
517:cú´kud kúhūk
516:
512:
505:
498:
492:jiawul dáhăk
491:
484:
477:
471:sikol himadk
470:
469:Sikorhimat (
463:
456:
452:
448:
435:
424:
411:
391:
387:
372:
361:
357:
346:
342:
340:
337:
323:
319:
315:
309:
200:Hasohuvaibca
188:Comacovitcam
137:
130:
56:
52:
49:
47:
1103:Basketmaker
969:Halchidhoma
782:www.nps.gov
640:Meaning of
574:, known as
561:Uʼuv Oopad,
483:San Pedro (
476:Wahw Kihk (
453:Ba꞉bawĭkoʼa
1155:Categories
959:Chiricahua
954:Chemehuevi
691:References
668:rancherías
620:Gila River
545:Gila River
511:Tecolote (
396:Gila River
377:Salt River
366:Santa Cruz
347:River Pima
300:Gutzutaqui
275:Tumacacori
259:Toacuquita
251:Supquituni
242:Stonssutag
222:Sicurisuta
180:Bucuacucan
140:rancherías
83:, and the
59:(Spanish:
57:Upper Pima
1139:See also:
1095:dwellings
1024:Hopi-Tewa
974:Havasupai
823:March 20,
616:Ajo Range
576:Cuk Do'ag
541:Ajo Range
478:wáw kéˑkk
462:Kuitatk (
421:Sobaipuri
184:Calabasas
163:Bacoancos
62:Pima Alto
1113:Mogollon
989:Maricopa
984:Hualapai
626:and the
551:and the
497:Anegam (
490:Tciaur (
464:kúí tátk
306:Language
263:Toamuqui
227:Sonoitac
204:Mamturss
191:Esquobag
173:Basaraca
50:O'odham,
1128:Sinagua
1118:Patayan
1108:Hohokam
1068:Yavapai
1031:Oʼodham
1014:Quechan
964:Cocopah
940:Arizona
642:endonym
557:Uʼuva꞉k
535:of the
515:, also
513:kolóˑdi
506:ʔiˑmiga
504:Imkah (
499:ʔáˑngam
285:Tutumac
279:Tumigai
255:Taupari
211:Piticai
207:Obtuavo
195:Guevavi
168:Baihcat
152:Arivaca
142:in the
133:Hohokam
127:History
93:Arizona
18:O’odham
1123:Salado
999:Navajo
994:Mohave
857:
788:22 May
753:
717:
622:, the
618:, the
547:, the
543:, the
485:wiwpul
457:Papago
402:(GRIC)
297:Vaicat
282:Tupssi
246:Suamca
239:Spibah
235:Sópori
218:Saacum
177:Bisani
159:Babisi
119:, the
115:, the
111:, the
107:, the
97:Sonora
79:, the
68:Piatos
1063:Yaqui
425:Sobas
362:Pima,
294:Unbas
291:Uaham
288:Tutup
271:Tuhto
267:Tubac
231:Sopic
36:odham
32:Ogham
1073:Zuni
1019:Tewa
1009:Pima
979:Hopi
855:ISBN
825:2013
790:2024
764:2011
751:ISBN
715:ISBN
343:Pima
310:The
215:Raum
48:The
938:of
873:or
567:.)
559:or
451:or
414:),
394:– "
375:– "
345:or
322:or
156:Ati
65:or
55:or
34:or
1157::
780:.
699:^
440:.
318:,
921:e
914:t
907:v
827:.
792:.
766:.
723:.
519:)
508:)
494:)
487:)
480:)
473:)
466:)
410:(
383:.
45:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.