205:
5389:
1034:
1029:
derived from the classic script in 1974. It was made the official script of the Yi languages in 1980. There are 756 basic glyphs based on the
Liangshan dialect, plus 63 for syllables only found in Chinese borrowings. The government requires the use of the script for signs in some designated public
370:) and, as such, is the only one taught in schools, both in its oral and written forms. It was spoken by two million people and was increasing (as of PRC census); 60% were monolingual (1994 estimate). Nuosu is the native Nuosu name for their own language and is not used in
2184:
are required when the noun is being counted; verbs do not perform conjugations for its persons and tenses; adjectives are usually placed after the word being fixed with a structural particle and do not perform inflections for comparison. Function words, especially
624:
The Qumusu (曲木苏, Tianba 田坝) dialect is the most divergent one. The other dialects group as Niesu (聂苏, Suondi and Adu) and as Nuosu proper (Muhisu 米西苏, Yinuo 义诺, and
Shengzha 圣乍). Niesu has both lost voiceless nasals and developed diphthongs.
2048:
rules, as the outcome of a mid tone before another mid tone, and the outcome of a low-falling tone after a mid tone. However, these changes do not occur in all compounds where they might: for instance
5801:
5792:
428:
varieties known as Yi, Lolo, Moso, or Noso; the six Yi languages recognized by the
Chinese government hold only 25% to 50% of their vocabulary in common. They share a common
2115:"female jackal" without sandhi. The syntax creates other contrasts: tone sandhi applies across the boundary between object and verb, so is present in
7368:
6043:
5186:
2587:
448:). In places of Sichuan in which there are only Nuosu speakers, it is also simply referred to as Yi, and the other Sichuanese Yi language is
2897:
2700:
703:) by the neighboring Yi highland people. Shuitian is spoken in the following locations. Shuitian belongs to the Shengzha dialect (
4792:
2941:
2189:, have a significant role in terms of sentence constructions in Nuosu. Nuosu does not have article words, but conjunctions and
1519:
2812:
2794:
1767:
737:
According to
Bradley (1997), there are three main dialects of Nosu, of which the Southeastern one (Sondi) is most divergent.
6036:
2959:
2009:
in the high tone. That it is phonemically loose-throat is shown by its behaviour in tightness harmony in compound words.
5179:
1596:
1549:
1268:
308:
776:
Chen (2010) lists the following dialects of Nosu. Also listed are the counties where each respective dialect is spoken.
3086:
1787:
641:
445:
2437:
2777:
460:
2499:
Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages: A Study From the
Perspectives of Shared Innovation and Phylogenetic Estimation
1745:
1735:
5388:
2890:
2639:
Walters, Susan Gary (2022). "Nuosu script in the linguistic landscape of
Xichang, China: a sociocultural subtext".
1626:
1406:
6029:
5913:
2989:
1509:
298:
1777:
6960:
5172:
1810:
837:
387:
7373:
2840:
2823:
Bilingual education and minority language maintenance in China: The role of schools in saving the Yi language
1539:
1258:
861:
379:
363:
233:
2785:
2180:. Among content words, nouns in Nuosu do not perform inflections for grammatical gender, number, and cases,
252:
7358:
6463:
5971:
5918:
5574:
4022:
3082:
1586:
1529:
1248:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2006:
1989:
1971:
1957:
1937:
1923:
1898:
950:
924:
884:
788:
600:
577:
6696:
5964:
5619:
5541:
5257:
2937:
2883:
2169:
2131:
2116:
1824:
1569:
893:
7353:
6881:
6158:
2770:
Ritual for
Expelling Ghosts, A religious Classic of the Yi nationality in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan
1845:
1616:
1396:
1238:
1228:
937:
901:
629:
128:
113:
2860:
1005:
In 1958 the
Chinese government had introduced a Roman-based alphabet based on the romanized script of
6575:
5864:
5311:
5232:
3931:
2705:. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota session, volume 41.
2598:
1606:
1559:
1386:
1082:
5945:
5548:
5361:
4412:
3951:
3916:
3017:
2526:[A Comparative Study of Labiovelar Cluster Initials in the Adu Patois of the Yi Language].
2181:
1138:
1128:
455:
Northern Yi (Nuosu) in northern Yunnan is spoken mainly in the northern part of Yunnan, including
5939:
5725:
5609:
5113:
4807:
4065:
3976:
3858:
3853:
1376:
1366:
1278:
959:
425:
108:
7332:
6101:
6096:
6052:
5985:
5978:
5758:
5692:
5195:
4836:
4653:
4335:
3160:
3155:
3126:
3114:
1636:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1435:
103:
535:. Speakers are classified as Lolo subgroup of Lisu people. The Lolo of Thailand migrated from
6308:
5928:
5878:
5434:
5125:
5101:
4824:
4787:
3285:
2186:
1873:
1175:
1165:
933:
909:
797:
6390:
4999:
1868:. Underlining is used as an ad-hoc symbol for tight throat; phonetically, these vowels are
7142:
5740:
5586:
5532:
4772:
4633:
4452:
4432:
4417:
4153:
4118:
3926:
1416:
1189:
1002:
in function, the glyphs are independent in form, with little to suggest a direct relation.
692:
8:
7266:
6836:
6483:
5923:
5513:
5340:
5271:
5085:
5065:
4829:
4756:
4457:
4407:
4402:
3813:
3380:
2964:
2686:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1217:
1077:
532:
4442:
4427:
3042:
2702:
Proceeding from
Syllable Inventory to Phonemic Inventory in the Analysis of Liangshan Yi
7363:
6724:
6060:
5764:
5373:
5239:
5030:
4802:
4736:
4685:
4638:
4582:
4312:
4255:
3981:
3137:
2906:
2748:
2595:
Papers in South East Asian
Linguistics No. 14: Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Himalayas
1877:
1716:
1706:
1199:
1109:
1072:
1006:
999:
490:
4437:
3047:
287:
7316:
7165:
6872:
6769:
6656:
6586:
6440:
6420:
6395:
6145:
6116:
5872:
5832:
5810:
5775:
5769:
5734:
5672:
5666:
5646:
5440:
5428:
5411:
5319:
5265:
5245:
5009:
4669:
4543:
4488:
4380:
4288:
4283:
4240:
4162:
3893:
3873:
3798:
3775:
3548:
3430:
3400:
3242:
3233:
3185:
3175:
3022:
2954:
2808:
2790:
2773:
2752:
2165:
1860:
Nuosu has five pairs of phonemic vowels, contrasting in a feature Andy Eatough calls
1096:
1086:
479:
471:
355:
123:
118:
6488:
2666:
Xiang, Xiaohong 向晓红; Cao, Younan 曹幼南 (2006). "Yīngyǔ hé Yíyǔ de yǔfǎ bǐjiào yánjiū"
304:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7234:
7197:
7127:
7020:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6706:
6691:
6676:
6455:
6435:
6425:
6415:
6410:
6400:
6380:
6360:
6347:
6298:
6237:
6131:
5893:
5853:
5823:
5797:
5747:
5705:
5614:
5591:
5484:
5464:
5421:
5346:
5209:
5080:
5075:
5045:
5004:
4984:
4873:
4868:
4812:
4782:
4731:
4620:
4493:
4473:
4422:
4389:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4298:
4293:
4275:
4123:
4113:
4017:
3966:
3961:
3936:
3863:
3556:
3533:
3528:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3410:
3350:
3275:
3218:
3213:
3198:
2969:
2920:
2738:
2682:
2648:
2502:
1067:
869:
857:
493:
in 3 villages near the Chinese border. Speakers are classified separately as Lolo.
475:
371:
5471:
4628:
2652:
2522:
Pan, Zhengyun 潘正云 (2001). "Yíyǔ Ādōuhuà chúnruǎn'è fùfǔyīn shēngmǔ bǐjiào yánjiū"
7187:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7061:
7041:
6807:
6797:
6787:
6764:
6759:
6686:
6646:
6625:
6405:
6385:
6375:
6365:
6303:
6252:
6242:
6222:
6196:
6191:
6126:
6121:
6106:
5885:
5839:
5698:
5580:
5519:
5353:
5300:
5291:
5277:
5060:
5050:
5040:
4989:
4979:
4853:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4605:
4595:
4590:
4558:
4548:
4533:
4523:
4513:
4483:
4447:
4397:
4360:
4325:
4265:
4245:
4225:
4190:
4175:
4170:
4093:
4032:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3946:
3838:
3808:
3757:
3732:
3717:
3691:
3686:
3666:
3651:
3596:
3538:
3523:
3518:
3503:
3498:
3443:
3375:
3355:
3290:
3265:
3193:
3170:
3072:
3037:
3032:
3007:
2979:
2974:
2802:
2044:
The high-mid tone is only marginally contrastive. Its two main sources are from
1691:
1676:
1091:
873:
825:
713:
95:
2870:
2615:
7202:
7192:
7122:
7102:
7097:
7066:
7025:
6931:
6926:
6905:
6863:
6853:
6843:
6812:
6739:
6734:
6529:
6503:
6473:
6445:
6430:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6272:
6262:
6257:
6247:
6227:
6171:
6091:
6075:
5955:
5933:
5847:
5816:
5752:
5712:
5686:
5660:
5637:
5560:
5506:
5478:
5447:
5325:
5251:
5070:
5014:
4994:
4797:
4762:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4648:
4600:
4538:
4508:
4503:
4365:
4355:
4320:
4230:
4195:
4180:
4128:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4027:
3971:
3941:
3921:
3911:
3906:
3883:
3803:
3788:
3783:
3752:
3727:
3712:
3707:
3676:
3671:
3661:
3656:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3586:
3561:
3508:
3420:
3405:
3370:
3340:
3335:
3315:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3223:
3208:
3150:
3145:
3052:
3012:
2997:
2865:
2177:
1985:
1798:
1212:
971:
963:
941:
917:
913:
877:
853:
845:
841:
833:
829:
821:
805:
688:
667:
661:
657:
653:
637:
171:
3027:
2850:
2845:
2743:
2726:
2457:
7347:
7239:
7218:
7137:
7132:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7015:
7010:
7000:
6984:
6979:
6946:
6936:
6921:
6858:
6848:
6822:
6817:
6802:
6792:
6782:
6729:
6719:
6714:
6671:
6641:
6620:
6604:
6594:
6561:
6519:
6498:
6493:
6478:
6468:
6370:
6355:
6328:
6293:
6288:
6267:
6232:
6217:
6201:
6186:
6111:
5679:
5601:
5367:
5332:
5284:
5055:
4929:
4905:
4848:
4677:
4610:
4568:
4553:
4478:
4330:
4235:
4108:
4103:
3956:
3868:
3848:
3843:
3833:
3823:
3818:
3793:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3722:
3681:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3581:
3576:
3566:
3513:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3415:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3365:
3345:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3280:
3270:
3255:
3250:
3203:
3165:
3067:
3057:
2173:
1869:
1683:
929:
905:
849:
801:
675:
521:
449:
6014:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
362:; it has been chosen by the Chinese government as the standard Yi language (
7147:
7005:
6681:
6599:
6545:
6524:
6333:
5653:
5569:
5525:
5454:
5035:
4900:
4863:
4563:
4528:
4518:
4498:
4370:
4250:
4215:
4205:
4200:
4185:
4073:
3997:
3901:
3878:
3571:
3438:
3360:
3310:
3260:
3062:
3002:
2190:
1885:
897:
889:
813:
671:
633:
505:
182:
178:
270:
6941:
6021:
5999:
5214:
4946:
4922:
4895:
4885:
4858:
4843:
4819:
4643:
4220:
4143:
4138:
4098:
3828:
2045:
1756:
1663:
975:
967:
809:
793:
725:
649:
517:
5164:
4974:
4912:
4890:
4260:
4133:
2822:
2507:
2462:
1836:
1668:
1498:
1117:
955:
501:
2486:(in Chinese) (4th ed.). Beijing: Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe.
1876:. Loose vs. tight throat is the only distinction in the two pairs of
5992:
5633:
5398:
5205:
4951:
4939:
4934:
4878:
4210:
2949:
2875:
1026:
989:
429:
359:
280:
263:
244:
225:
76:
1922:
completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g.
4917:
1956:
assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g.
995:
552:
Lama (2012) gives the following classification for Nuosu dialects.
528:
316:
2871:
Large Chinese forum dedicated to speaking and studying Yi language
432:, though this is used for shamanism rather than daily accounting.
5494:
4956:
2201:
Classifiers are required when numbers are used for fixing nouns.
1042:
1038:
865:
817:
719:
696:
645:
536:
497:
467:
456:
441:
312:
62:
2783:
Ma Linying, Dennis Elton Walters, Susan Gary Walters (editors).
1033:
5407:
5222:
2725:
Edmondson, Jerold A.; Esling, John H.; Lama 拉玛兹偓, Ziwo (2017).
2552:[A Brief Introduction of Shuitian Speech Yi Language].
1881:
1009:
of Sayingpan. This was later replaced by the Modern Yi script.
66:
2597:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 1–72. Archived from
1911:
5403:
5218:
2720:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe.
2479:
Zhu, Wenxu 朱文旭; Munai, Reha 木乃热哈; Chen, Guoguang 陈国光 (2006).
418:
210:
51:
2855:
728:: Mianshan 冕山镇 (including Shitoushan Village 石头山村), Lake 拉克
486:
2548:
Zhu, Wenxu 朱文旭; Zhang (2005). "Yíyǔ Shuǐtiánhuà gàikuàng"
315:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2807:. Mouton Grammar Library 64. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
2724:
482:. The number of Nuosu speakers in Vietnam is not known.
2031:(written with diacritic ̑ over symbol in the syllabary)
681:
Zhu and Zhang (2005) reports that the Shuitian people (
470:, Nuosu (usually known as Northern Lô Lô) is spoken in
1906:
674:, Yunnan may either be a Soundi Yi (Nuosu) dialect or
2641:
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
2005:
The tight-throat phone occurs as the realization of
1045:, China, showing Modern Yi, Chinese and English text.
1988:
release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g.
687:) reside mostly in the lowlands of the Anning River
531:, Nuosu (usually referred to as Lolo), is spoken in
998:system of 8,000–10,000 glyphs. Although similar to
1970:"to stir-fry", and is after a labial nasal, e.g.
716:: Jionglong 迥龙, Lugu 泸沽, Hebian 河边; Manshuiwan 漫水湾
440:Liangshan Yi (Nuosu) is mostly spoken in southern
2731:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1905:can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin
7345:
2501:(PhD thesis). University of Texas at Arlington.
2151:
2140:
2125:
2110:
2099:
2088:
2077:
2066:
2055:
1997:
1979:
1965:
1951:
1945:
1931:
1917:
1892:
1018:
337:
37:
1936:"to marry", and is after a labial nasal, e.g.
5863:
5310:
6037:
5180:
2891:
2772:. The Taipei Ricci Institute (November 1998)
2576:Main datapoint used in Zhu & Zhang (2005)
1916:"four", but they have diverse realizations.
1897:are essentially the usual Sinological vowels
704:
691:, in Xichang, Xide, and Mianning counties of
682:
5724:
2672:Xīnán mínzú dàxué xuébào (Rénwén shè kē bǎn)
2588:"Tibeto-Burman Languages and Classification"
2478:
2172:. Vocabularies of Nuosu can be divided into
2572:
2570:
374:, though it may sometimes be translated as
6051:
6044:
6030:
5187:
5173:
3113:
2898:
2884:
2145:"Luti looks for Mujy". A few words, like
2027:high-mid / or mid falling / – written
954:): 600,000 speakers primarily in Tuoxian,
463:. It is also called Black Yi or White Yi.
5194:
2856:Yi language edition of the People's Daily
2789:. Nationalities Publishing House (2008).
2742:
2506:
2159:
7369:Languages attested from the 15th century
2846:Pronunciation of Yi Consonant and Vowel
2665:
2567:
2547:
2440:on Wiktionary (Mihei is a Nuosu dialect)
2156:"what?", have underlying high-mid tone.
2146:
2135:
2130:"Mujy looks for Luti", but is absent in
2120:
2105:
2094:
2083:
2072:
2061:
2050:
1992:
1974:
1960:
1940:
1926:
1032:
1013:
32:
2866:600 Phrases in the Liangshan Yi Dialect
2638:
2585:
309:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
7346:
2905:
2800:
16:Prestige language of China's Yi people
6025:
5168:
4053:
3112:
2879:
2659:
1690:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1497:
1211:
1095:
1090:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1064:
745:
27:Northern Yi, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan Yi
2708:
2687:10.3969/j.issn.1004-3926.2006.08.014
2496:
4054:
2521:
792:): 1,200,000 speakers primarily in
421:of the Nuosu people, not dialects.
13:
2825:, by Lubei Zhang and Linda Tsung.
2761:
2451:
2012:Nuosu syllable structure is (C)V.
1984:"mushroom"; moreover it induces a
642:Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
14:
7385:
2834:
2786:Nuosu Yi-Chinese-English Glossary
1844:
1823:
1809:
1786:
1776:
1766:
1744:
1734:
1715:
1705:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1518:
1508:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1365:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1227:
1198:
1188:
1174:
1164:
1137:
1127:
1025:'Nosu script') is a standardized
983:
928:): 100,000 speakers primarily in
888:): 600,000 speakers primarily in
732:
516:, and speakers are classified as
478:, and speakers are classified as
397:The occasional terms "Black Yi" (
161:Liangshan (Cool Mountain) dialect
5387:
628:Adu (阿都话), characterized by its
203:
1037:A signpost in a public park in
648:province, and also in parts of
435:
2632:
2608:
2579:
2541:
2515:
2497:Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012).
2490:
2472:
771:
547:
500:, Nuosu is possibly spoken in
424:Nuosu is one of several often
413:
403:
391:
383:
367:
33:
1:
2653:10.1080/01434632.2022.2094388
2444:
2438:Appendix:Yi (Mihei) word list
1054:
508:, and it is usually known as
1912:
1049:
751:Yinuo 义诺 a.k.a. Northeastern
88:2 million (2000 census)
7:
2431:
2152:
2141:
2126:
2111:
2100:
2089:
2078:
2067:
2056:
1998:
1980:
1966:
1952:
1946:
1932:
1918:
1893:
1019:
542:
338:
38:
10:
7390:
2196:
2168:, the basic word order is
2037:low falling / – written
1907:
987:
699:. They are called Muhisu (
430:traditional writing system
7325:
7309:
7275:
7259:
7252:
7227:
7211:
7180:
7173:
7164:
7115:
7090:
7034:
6993:
6972:
6959:
6914:
6893:
6880:
6871:
6835:
6705:
6664:
6655:
6634:
6613:
6585:
6574:
6554:
6538:
6512:
6454:
6346:
6281:
6210:
6179:
6170:
6157:
6144:
6084:
6068:
6059:
6009:
5954:
5906:
5791:
5632:
5600:
5558:
5493:
5396:
5385:
5203:
5136:
5109:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
5094:
5023:
4967:
4771:
4709:
4662:
4619:
4581:
4466:
4388:
4379:
4311:
4274:
4161:
4152:
4064:
4060:
4049:
3990:
3892:
3774:
3700:
3547:
3429:
3241:
3232:
3184:
3136:
3125:
3121:
3108:
3101:
3081:
2988:
2936:
2929:
2913:
2801:Gerner, Matthias (2013).
2744:10.1017/S0025100315000444
2147:
2136:
2121:
2106:
2095:
2084:
2073:
2071:"mother" regularly forms
2062:
2051:
1993:
1975:
1961:
1941:
1927:
1835:
1802:
1760:
1755:
1726:
1697:
1681:
1674:
1650:
1579:
1502:
1428:
1359:
1221:
1158:
1116:
1014:
994:Classic Yi is a syllabic
705:
683:
408:
398:
295:
278:
261:
242:
223:
218:
193:
188:
168:
152:
92:
82:
72:
57:
47:
31:
26:
21:
2713:
2674:
2667:
2593:. In Bradley, D. (ed.).
2556:
2549:
2530:
2523:
2483:
2015:
1891:The syllabic consonants
5106:Northern (Beijing) Sign
2827:Journal of Linguistics
2586:Bradley, David (1997).
2468:(subscription required)
630:labial–velar consonants
426:mutually unintelligible
7001:Sani (Southeastern Yi)
6053:Lolo-Burmese languages
3115:Sino-Tibetan languages
2718:A Study of Yi Dialects
2709:Chen, Kang 陈康 (2010).
2160:Vocabulary and grammar
1884:it is reinforced by a
1046:
1012:The Modern Yi script (
783:Senza, Shèngzhà 圣乍次方言
722:: Lizhou 礼州, Yuehua 月华
297:This article contains
5914:Central Tibeto-Burman
2187:grammatical particles
1874:retracted tongue root
1036:
759:Southeastern (Sondi)
756:Central (Shengzha 圣乍)
670:or Yellow Yi (黄彝) of
489:, Nuosu is spoken in
7374:Languages of Sichuan
6961:Southeastern Loloish
2699:Andy Eatough. 1997.
2481:Yíyǔ jīchǔ jiàochéng
1060:Consonants in Nuosu
786:Senza, Shèngzhà 圣乍 (
693:Liangshan Prefecture
7359:Languages of Yunnan
6964:(Southeastern Ngwi)
6901:Nuosu (Northern Yi)
6798:Lolopo (Central Yi)
5972:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
5149:NM = Inner Mongolia
2851:Learn Yi Vocabulary
2829:56: 450—454 (2020).
2711:Yíyǔ fāngyán yánjiū
2170:Subject–object–verb
2082:"female bear", but
2021:high / – written
1878:syllabic consonants
1657:
1061:
948:Sodi, Suǒdì 所地次方言 (
632:, is spoken in the
533:Chiang Rai Province
388:traditional Chinese
195:Recognised minority
6980:Nisu (Southern Yi)
5965:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
5907:Proposed groupings
4686:Formosan languages
2907:Languages of China
2804:A Grammar of Nuosu
2039:⟨-p⟩
2034:mid / – unmarked
2029:⟨-x⟩
2023:⟨-t⟩
1830:⟨uo⟩
1816:⟨ie⟩
1750:⟨ur⟩
1740:⟨yr⟩
1655:
1611:⟨ss⟩
1574:⟨hx⟩
1544:⟨sh⟩
1524:⟨hl⟩
1490:⟨mg⟩
1480:⟨nj⟩
1470:⟨nr⟩
1460:⟨nz⟩
1450:⟨nd⟩
1440:⟨nb⟩
1421:⟨gg⟩
1411:⟨jj⟩
1401:⟨rr⟩
1391:⟨zz⟩
1381:⟨dd⟩
1371:⟨bb⟩
1332:⟨ch⟩
1263:⟨zh⟩
1204:⟨ng⟩
1194:⟨ny⟩
1143:⟨hn⟩
1133:⟨hm⟩
1059:
1047:
1007:Gladstone Porteous
1000:Chinese characters
922:Lidim, Tiánbà 田坝 (
709:) of Northern Yi.
491:Phongsaly Province
407:) and 'White Yi' (
380:simplified Chinese
7354:Loloish languages
7341:
7340:
7326:(Proto-languages)
7305:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7248:
7247:
7160:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7111:
7110:
6955:
6954:
6922:Nasu (Eastern Yi)
6906:Nyisu (Yellow Yi)
6831:
6830:
6778:
6777:
6672:Lalo (Western Yi)
6570:
6569:
6342:
6341:
6140:
6139:
6019:
6018:
5902:
5901:
5787:
5786:
5628:
5627:
5383:
5382:
5162:
5161:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4690:
4682:
4674:
4577:
4576:
4307:
4306:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3097:
3096:
2861:Yi keyboard input
2814:978-3-11-030867-9
2795:978-7-105-09050-1
2768:Collective book,
2620:WorldLanguage.com
2524:彝语阿都话唇软腭复辅音声母比较研究
2466:(18th ed., 2015)
2429:
2428:
2166:analytic language
1903:⟨y⟩
1858:
1857:
1851:⟨a⟩
1805:
1792:⟨o⟩
1782:⟨e⟩
1772:⟨i⟩
1763:
1729:
1721:⟨u⟩
1711:⟨y⟩
1700:
1686:
1679:
1648:
1647:
1641:⟨w⟩
1631:⟨y⟩
1621:⟨r⟩
1601:⟨l⟩
1591:⟨v⟩
1582:
1564:⟨h⟩
1554:⟨x⟩
1534:⟨s⟩
1514:⟨f⟩
1505:
1431:
1362:
1352:⟨k⟩
1342:⟨q⟩
1322:⟨c⟩
1312:⟨t⟩
1302:⟨p⟩
1293:
1283:⟨g⟩
1273:⟨j⟩
1253:⟨z⟩
1243:⟨d⟩
1233:⟨b⟩
1224:
1180:⟨n⟩
1170:⟨m⟩
1161:
1124:
472:Ha Giang Province
356:prestige language
342:), also known as
336:, transcribed as
323:
322:
305:rendering support
301:phonetic symbols.
291: Sichuan Yi
274:Nuosu, Sichuan Yi
257:Sichuan Yi, Nuosu
238:Sichuan Yi, Nuosu
213:(Yunnan province)
7381:
7276:Nuclear Southern
7257:
7256:
7178:
7177:
7171:
7170:
6970:
6969:
6891:
6890:
6882:Northern Loloish
6878:
6877:
6662:
6661:
6583:
6582:
6177:
6176:
6168:
6167:
6159:Southern Loloish
6155:
6154:
6085:Nuclear Mondzish
6066:
6065:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6023:
6022:
5861:
5860:
5722:
5721:
5556:
5555:
5391:
5308:
5307:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5166:
5165:
5118:
4688:
4680:
4672:
4386:
4385:
4159:
4158:
4062:
4061:
4051:
4050:
3239:
3238:
3134:
3133:
3123:
3122:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3105:
2934:
2933:
2921:Standard Chinese
2900:
2893:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2818:
2756:
2746:
2721:
2691:
2690:
2675:西南民族大学学报 (人文社科版)
2663:
2657:
2656:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2592:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2455:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2204:
2203:
2193:words are used.
2155:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2142:mu jy lu ti shep
2139:
2138:
2129:
2127:mu jy lu ti shex
2124:
2123:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2040:
2030:
2024:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1986:labially trilled
1983:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1852:
1848:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1761:
1751:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1698:
1682:
1675:
1658:
1656:Vowels in Nuosu
1654:
1642:
1639:
1632:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1592:
1589:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1555:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1525:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1503:
1491:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1461:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1412:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1382:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1222:
1205:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1181:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1159:
1144:
1141:
1134:
1131:
1122:
1112:
1105:
1062:
1058:
1024:
1017:
1016:
952:
926:
886:
882:Yino, Yìnuò 义诺 (
790:
747:
708:
707:
686:
685:
602:
579:
476:Lao Cai Province
415:
410:
405:
400:
393:
385:
372:Mandarin Chinese
369:
341:
335:
290:
273:
266:
256:
255:
247:
237:
236:
228:
209:
207:
206:
197:language in
174:
98:
43:
36:
35:
19:
18:
7389:
7388:
7384:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7321:
7297:
7271:
7244:
7223:
7207:
7152:
7107:
7086:
7030:
6989:
6965:
6963:
6951:
6910:
6886:
6885:(Northern Ngwi)
6884:
6867:
6827:
6774:
6701:
6651:
6630:
6609:
6578:
6576:Central Loloish
6566:
6550:
6534:
6508:
6450:
6338:
6277:
6206:
6163:
6162:(Southern Ngwi)
6161:
6150:
6148:
6136:
6080:
6055:
6050:
6020:
6015:
6005:
5956:Proto-languages
5950:
5898:
5865:Greater Siangic
5859:
5796:
5783:
5720:
5624:
5596:
5554:
5498:
5489:
5401:
5392:
5379:
5312:Greater Magaric
5306:
5233:West Himalayish
5213:
5199:
5193:
5163:
5158:
5132:
5112:
5090:
5019:
4963:
4774:
4767:
4693:
4673:(Indo-European)
4658:
4615:
4573:
4462:
4375:
4303:
4270:
4148:
4056:
4055:Other languages
4037:
3986:
3917:Central Tibetan
3888:
3762:
3696:
3543:
3425:
3228:
3180:
3128:
3117:
3093:
3077:
2984:
2925:
2909:
2904:
2837:
2832:
2815:
2764:
2762:Further reading
2759:
2715:
2695:
2694:
2676:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2647:(10): 928–951.
2637:
2633:
2624:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2590:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2568:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2434:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2199:
2162:
2104:"mother" forms
2038:
2028:
2022:
2018:
1902:
1850:
1829:
1815:
1791:
1781:
1771:
1749:
1739:
1720:
1710:
1693:
1653:
1640:
1630:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1573:
1563:
1553:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1489:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1232:
1216:
1203:
1193:
1179:
1169:
1142:
1132:
1108:
1103:
1085:
1057:
1052:
992:
986:
774:
735:
714:Mianning County
560:Qumusu (Tianba)
550:
545:
520:which form the
510:Northeastern Yi
438:
333:
303:Without proper
286:
269:
262:
251:
250:
243:
232:
231:
224:
214:
204:
202:
198:
196:
189:Official status
175:
170:
164:
155:
148:
99:
96:Language family
94:
85:
84:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
7387:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7329:
7327:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7313:
7311:
7307:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7279:
7277:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7263:
7261:
7254:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7235:Lhao Vo (Maru)
7231:
7229:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7221:
7215:
7213:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7184:
7182:
7175:
7168:
7162:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7119:
7117:
7113:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7100:
7094:
7092:
7091:Riverine Phula
7088:
7087:
7085:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7038:
7036:
7035:Highland Phula
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6987:
6982:
6976:
6974:
6967:
6957:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6918:
6916:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6897:
6895:
6888:
6875:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6839:
6833:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6711:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6668:
6666:
6659:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6617:
6615:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6591:
6589:
6580:
6579:(Central Ngwi)
6572:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6460:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6352:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6183:
6181:
6174:
6165:
6152:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6088:
6086:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6072:
6070:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6049:
6048:
6041:
6034:
6026:
6017:
6016:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5975:
5968:
5960:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5946:Tibeto-Kanauri
5943:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5919:Kuki-Chin–Naga
5916:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5882:
5869:
5867:
5858:
5857:
5850:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5820:
5807:
5805:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5772:
5767:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5730:
5728:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5642:
5640:
5638:Southeast Asia
5630:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5606:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5577:
5575:Angami–Pochuri
5572:
5566:
5564:
5553:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5529:
5517:
5510:
5502:
5500:
5499:Burmese border
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5451:
5444:
5437:
5432:
5417:
5415:
5394:
5393:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5350:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5329:
5316:
5314:
5305:
5304:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5269:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5243:
5236:
5228:
5226:
5201:
5200:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5169:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5143:HK = Hong Kong
5141:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5114:Hong Kong Sign
5107:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4822:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4779:
4777:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4689:(Austronesian)
4683:
4681:(Austronesian)
4675:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4394:
4392:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4280:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4058:
4057:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3859:Southern Qiang
3856:
3854:Northern Qiang
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3131:
3119:
3118:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2841:Yi font by SIL
2836:
2835:External links
2833:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2813:
2798:
2781:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2722:
2706:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2677:(in Chinese).
2658:
2631:
2607:
2604:on 2017-10-11.
2578:
2566:
2540:
2514:
2489:
2471:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2198:
2195:
2178:function words
2161:
2158:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2014:
1872:and/or show a
1856:
1855:
1853:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1820:
1818:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1304:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1220:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1135:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
988:Main article:
985:
984:Writing system
982:
981:
980:
979:
978:
946:
945:
944:
920:
880:
773:
770:
769:
768:
767:
766:
763:
757:
754:
753:
752:
749:
734:
733:Bradley (1997)
731:
730:
729:
723:
717:
701:mu33 hi44 su33
689:drainage basin
622:
621:
620:
619:
618:
617:
616:
615:
610:
596:
595:
594:
593:
592:
587:
573:
562:
549:
546:
544:
541:
437:
434:
321:
320:
307:, you may see
293:
292:
284:
276:
275:
267:
259:
258:
248:
240:
239:
229:
221:
220:
219:Language codes
216:
215:
201:
199:
194:
191:
190:
186:
185:
176:
172:Writing system
169:
166:
165:
163:
162:
158:
156:
154:Standard forms
153:
150:
149:
147:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
102:
100:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
59:
55:
54:
49:
48:Native to
45:
44:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7386:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7334:
7333:Proto-Loloish
7331:
7330:
7328:
7324:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7308:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7258:
7255:
7251:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7226:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7210:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7181:High Northern
7179:
7176:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7163:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7114:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7093:
7089:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7033:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6992:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6968:
6962:
6958:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6917:
6913:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6883:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6838:
6834:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6704:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6612:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6537:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6453:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6280:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6047:
6042:
6040:
6035:
6033:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6013:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5986:Proto-Karenic
5983:
5981:
5980:
5979:Proto-Loloish
5976:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5940:Tibeto-Burman
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5887:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5799:
5794:
5790:
5778:
5777:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5726:Burmo-Qiangic
5723:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5621:
5620:Jingpho–Luish
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5462:
5457:
5456:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5258:Baram–Thangmi
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5190:
5185:
5183:
5178:
5176:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5154:
5152:XJ = Xinjiang
5151:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4687:
4684:
4679:
4676:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4654:Western Yugur
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4336:Eastern Yugur
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4256:Small Flowery
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4066:Austroasiatic
4063:
4059:
4052:
4048:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2778:957-9185-60-3
2775:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2573:
2571:
2562:
2555:
2544:
2536:
2529:
2518:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2482:
2475:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2379:
2376:t͡sʰẑ̩t͡sʰz̩̄
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2174:content words
2171:
2167:
2157:
2154:
2143:
2134:clauses like
2133:
2128:
2119:clauses like
2118:
2113:
2102:
2091:
2080:
2069:
2058:
2047:
2036:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1982:
1968:
1954:
1948:
1934:
1920:
1914:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1880:, but in the
1879:
1875:
1871:
1870:laryngealized
1867:
1863:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
785:
784:
782:
781:
779:
778:
777:
764:
761:
760:
758:
755:
750:
743:
742:
740:
739:
738:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
711:
710:
702:
698:
694:
690:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
603:
597:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
580:
574:
572:
569:
568:
566:
565:
564:Nuosu proper
563:
561:
558:
557:
555:
554:
553:
540:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
522:Kachin people
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
433:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
406:
395:
389:
381:
377:
373:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
331:
327:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
300:
294:
289:
285:
283:
282:
277:
272:
268:
265:
260:
254:
249:
246:
241:
235:
230:
227:
222:
217:
212:
200:
192:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
167:
160:
159:
157:
151:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
110:
109:Tibeto-Burman
107:
106:
105:
101:
97:
91:
87:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
42:
41:
30:
25:
20:
7228:Mid Northern
6900:
6011:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5938:
5884:
5877:
5852:
5838:
5831:
5822:
5815:
5774:
5759:Lolo-Burmese
5757:
5733:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5659:
5652:
5645:
5579:
5547:
5540:
5531:
5524:
5512:
5505:
5477:
5470:
5463:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5427:
5420:
5372:
5366:
5352:
5345:
5331:
5324:
5299:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5264:
5250:
5238:
5231:
5196:Sino-Tibetan
5140:GX = Guangxi
5128:
5126:Tibetan Sign
5116:
5102:Chinese Sign
4968:Creole/Mixed
4837:Southeastern
4825:Southwestern
4788:Northeastern
4773:Varieties of
3631:
2826:
2803:
2784:
2769:
2737:(1): 87–97.
2734:
2730:
2717:
2710:
2701:
2681:(8): 62–65.
2678:
2671:
2668:英语和彝语的语法比较研究
2661:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2623:. Retrieved
2619:
2610:
2599:the original
2594:
2581:
2560:
2553:
2543:
2534:
2527:
2517:
2498:
2492:
2480:
2474:
2461:
2453:
2207:
2200:
2191:postposition
2164:Nuosu is an
2163:
2043:
2011:
2004:
1890:
1888:difference.
1866:tight throat
1865:
1862:loose throat
1861:
1859:
1843:
1822:
1808:
1430:prenasalized
1021:nuosu bburma
1020:
1011:
1004:
993:
949:
923:
883:
787:
775:
748:Northwestern
736:
700:
680:
672:Fumin County
666:
640:counties of
627:
623:
612:
607:
599:
589:
584:
576:
570:
559:
551:
526:
513:
509:
506:Kachin State
495:
484:
480:Lô Lô people
465:
454:
439:
436:Distribution
423:
412:
402:
396:
375:
351:
348:Liangshan Yi
347:
343:
329:
325:
324:
296:
279:
183:Yi logograms
179:Yi syllabary
133:
114:Lolo–Burmese
104:Sino-Tibetan
39:
6966:(Axi-Puoid)
6000:Proto-Hakka
5929:Mahakiranti
5435:East Bodish
5215:Uttarakhand
4634:Fuyu Kyrgyz
4433:Tai Hongjin
4119:Muak Sa-aak
2563:(4): 67–80.
2554:Mínzú yǔwén
2537:(2): 17–22.
2528:Mínzú yǔwén
2508:10106/11161
2182:classifiers
2093:"jackal" +
2046:tone sandhi
1938:/m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/
996:logographic
772:Chen (2010)
726:Xide County
548:Lama (2012)
518:Lisu people
344:Northern Yi
339:Nuo su hxop
311:instead of
181:, formerly
65:, northern
7348:Categories
7267:Intha-Danu
7260:Intha-Danu
5894:Idu–Taraon
5848:Miju–Meyor
5741:Gyalrongic
5587:Tangkhulic
5362:Raji–Raute
5155:XZ = Tibet
5146:MC = Macau
5086:Zhangzhung
4830:Sichuanese
4757:Vietnamese
4154:Hmong-Mien
4033:Waxianghua
3814:Khroskyabs
3102:Indigenous
2990:Prefecture
2965:Portuguese
2821:Review of
2727:"Nuosu Yi"
2625:2021-11-05
2463:Ethnologue
2445:References
2387:Yi Pinyin
2253:Yi script
2002:"to hit".
1950:"cloth".
1499:Continuant
1083:(Alveolo-)
1055:Consonants
940:; also in
908:; also in
852:; also in
780:Nosu 诺苏方言
744:Tianba 田坝
664:counties.
512:or simply
502:Shan State
352:Sichuan Yi
7364:Yi people
6994:Sani–Azha
6837:Kazhuoish
6164:(Hanoish)
5993:Proto-Min
5924:Macro-Bai
5802:Arunachal
5795:(possible
5610:Boro–Garo
5514:Kuki-Chin
5497:and Indo-
5412:Arunachal
5399:Himalayas
5374:Tandrange
5341:Chepangic
5272:Dhimalish
5206:Himalayas
5066:Tocharian
5000:Qoqmončaq
4952:Cantonese
4906:Shaojiang
4879:Hainanese
4808:Zhongyuan
4803:Jiao-Liao
4737:Esperanto
4639:Ili Turki
4346:Khamnigan
4211:Kiong Nai
3982:Zitsadegu
2960:Mongolian
2950:Cantonese
2753:232345858
2381:t͡sʰē̝ɲê̝
2060:"bear" +
1990:/ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/
1894:y(r) u(r)
1694:consonant
1677:unrounded
1669:Non-front
1292:aspirated
1218:Affricate
1078:Retroflex
1050:Phonology
1027:syllabary
990:Yi script
951:no̠33su33
925:no̠33su33
885:no̠22su22
870:Jianchuan
858:Yongsheng
789:no̠33su33
741:Northern
678:dialect.
601:nie³³su³³
446:Liangshan
360:Yi people
354:, is the
281:Glottolog
264:ISO 639-3
245:ISO 639-2
226:ISO 639-1
73:Ethnicity
61:Southern
40:Nuosuhxop
7317:Pai-lang
7310:Pai-lang
7253:Southern
7174:Northern
6887:(Nisoid)
6770:Gomotage
6441:Khongsat
6421:Phongset
6396:Sangkong
6117:Muangphe
6061:Mondzish
5798:isolates
5765:Mondzish
5693:Cai–Long
5441:Tshangla
5397:Eastern
5240:Tamangic
5210:Himachal
5204:Western
5198:branches
5010:Tangwang
4990:Macanese
4985:Lingling
4918:Northern
4901:Northern
4864:Southern
4783:Mandarin
4710:Minority
4670:Sarikoli
4583:Tungusic
4544:Naxi Yao
4489:Cao Miao
4413:Ningming
4313:Mongolic
4289:Dzao Min
4284:Biao Min
4241:Qo Xiong
4236:Pingtang
3932:Dongwang
3874:Tshobdun
3799:Guiqiong
3401:Sangkong
3176:Muangphe
3138:Mondzish
3092:numerous
3083:Counties
2930:Regional
2914:Official
2432:See also
2425:ci nyip
1972:/m̥v̩ʷ˧/
1958:/l̥v̩ʷ˧/
1799:Open-mid
1692:Syllabic
1504:unvoiced
1223:unvoiced
1123:unvoiced
1110:sibilant
1073:Alveolar
1030:places.
874:Yongshan
862:Ninglang
826:Mianning
590:Shengzha
578:nɔ³³su³³
543:Dialects
529:Thailand
461:Chuxiong
444:(mainly
317:Help:IPA
288:sich1238
7293:Tavoyan
7288:Rakhine
7283:Burmese
7198:Chashan
7166:Burmish
7021:Alingpo
6873:Nisoish
6755:Laizisi
6750:Kuamasi
6745:Kua-nsi
6692:Xuzhang
6677:Yangliu
6657:Lisoish
6635:Nusoish
6614:Lahoish
6587:Lawoish
6436:Bantang
6426:Phunyot
6416:Phongku
6411:Laoseng
6401:Tsukong
6381:Sinsali
6361:Laomian
6299:Baihong
6238:Luomian
6146:Loloish
6132:Mongphu
6012:Italics
5873:Siangic
5854:Songlin
5833:Kho-Bwa
5811:Hrusish
5793:Dubious
5776:Loloish
5770:Burmish
5735:Qiangic
5706:Longjia
5673:Karenic
5667:Nungish
5647:Sinitic
5533:Hkongso
5495:Myanmar
5465:Gongduk
5429:Tibetic
5347:Chepang
5320:Magaric
5266:Kiranti
5246:Newaric
5081:Xianbei
5076:Tuyuhun
5046:Old Yue
5024:Extinct
5005:Sanqiao
4896:Central
4886:Eastern
4869:Hokkien
4813:Lan-Yin
4793:Beijing
4775:Chinese
4732:Russian
4494:Chadong
4474:Ai-Cham
4443:Tai Nüa
4428:Tai Dón
4423:Tai Dam
4381:Kra-Dai
4351:Monguor
4341:Kangjia
4299:Kim Mun
4294:Iu Mien
4216:Luobohe
4206:Huishui
4186:Guiyang
4163:Hmongic
4124:Palaung
4114:Man Met
4018:Longjia
3967:Ladakhi
3962:Kyirong
3952:Khalong
3937:Drugchu
3894:Tibetic
3864:Shixing
3776:Qiangic
3557:Alingpo
3549:Nisoish
3534:Yangliu
3529:Xuzhang
3459:Laizisi
3454:Kuamasi
3449:Kua-nsi
3431:Lisoish
3411:Tsukong
3351:Laomian
3276:Baihong
3243:Hanoish
3234:Loloish
3219:Lhao Vo
3214:Chashan
3199:Xiandao
3186:Burmish
3129:Burmese
3087:Banners
3043:Tai Nüa
2970:Tibetan
2955:English
2797:/H.638.
2550:彝语水田话概况
2371:t͡sʰz̩̄
2197:Numbers
1924:/ɕz̩˨˩/
1882:vocoids
1684:rounded
1097:Glottal
1087:Palatal
1043:Sichuan
1039:Xichang
972:Dechang
964:Ningnan
960:Huidong
942:Hanyuan
918:Jinyang
914:Zhaojue
878:Qiaojia
866:Lijiang
854:Huaping
846:Jiulong
842:Shimian
834:Yanbian
830:Yanyuan
822:Dechang
818:Xichang
806:Jinyang
720:Xichang
697:Sichuan
662:Jinyang
658:Dechang
654:Zhaojue
646:Sichuan
638:Ningnan
598:Niesu (
575:Nuosu (
537:Myanmar
498:Myanmar
468:Vietnam
457:Kunming
442:Sichuan
376:Nuòsūyǔ
364:Chinese
358:of the
313:Unicode
124:Nisoish
119:Loloish
63:Sichuan
7188:Achang
7116:others
7082:Zokhuo
7077:Thopho
7072:Phukha
7062:Laghuu
7042:Khlula
6915:Nasoid
6894:Nosoid
6808:Hlersu
6788:Toloza
6765:Sonaga
6760:Zibusi
6725:Lang'e
6707:Taloid
6687:Mangdi
6665:Laloid
6647:Zauzou
6626:Kucong
6484:Phana’
6456:Siloid
6406:Laopan
6386:Cantan
6376:Phunoi
6366:Laopin
6348:Bisoid
6304:Bukong
6253:Guozuo
6243:Angluo
6223:Nuomei
6197:Muteun
6192:Chepya
6172:Hanoid
6151:(Ngwi)
6127:Motang
6122:Mauphu
6107:Mantsi
5886:Milang
5840:Puroik
5824:Mijiic
5748:Ersuic
5699:Caijia
5615:Konyak
5581:Meitei
5485:Chamdo
5422:Bodish
5408:Bhutan
5354:Bhujel
5301:Lepcha
5292:Lhokpu
5278:Dhimal
5223:Sikkim
5061:Tangut
5051:Rouran
5041:Khitan
5031:Ba–Shu
4995:Maojia
4980:Hezhou
4891:Puxian
4874:Teoswa
4759:(Kinh)
4727:Kyrgyz
4722:Korean
4717:Kazakh
4621:Turkic
4606:Oroqen
4596:Manchu
4591:Evenki
4559:Qabiao
4549:Ong Be
4534:Maonan
4524:Lakkja
4514:Jiamao
4484:Buyang
4448:Tai Ya
4438:Tai Lü
4398:Bouyei
4390:Zhuang
4371:Torgut
4326:Buryat
4276:Mienic
4266:Younuo
4246:Raojia
4226:Pa-Hng
4221:Mashan
4191:Hm Nai
4176:Bu-Nao
4171:A-Hmao
4094:Bumang
4013:Jingpo
4008:Derung
4003:Caijia
3977:Zhongu
3947:Gserpa
3839:Namuyi
3809:Japhug
3758:Zauzou
3733:Namuyi
3718:Kucong
3692:Zokhuo
3687:Thopho
3667:Phupha
3652:Phukha
3597:Khlula
3539:Zibusi
3524:Toloza
3519:Sonaga
3504:Mangdi
3499:Lolopo
3444:Hlersu
3381:Phana’
3376:Nuomei
3356:Laopin
3291:Bukong
3266:Angluo
3194:Achang
3171:Mondzi
3073:Zhuang
3048:Tai Lü
3038:Kazakh
3033:Kyrgyz
3018:Korean
3008:Bouyei
2980:Zhuang
2975:Uyghur
2811:
2793:
2776:
2751:
2714:彝语方言研究
2484:彝语基础教程
2422:cyp cy
2326:t͡sʰẑ̩
2208:Number
2112:vi mop
2079:wo mox
1947:hmy sy
1886:height
1651:Vowels
1581:voiced
1361:voiced
1160:voiced
1068:Labial
974:, and
936:, and
930:Ganluo
916:, and
906:Ganluo
900:, and
894:Mabian
876:, and
850:Luding
848:, and
802:Ganluo
746:a.k.a.
660:, and
608:Suondi
571:Muhisu
567:Nuosu
556:Nuosu
419:castes
417:) are
414:bái Yí
404:hēi Yí
390::
382::
366::
350:, and
208:
129:Nisoid
67:Yunnan
58:Region
7203:Zaiwa
7193:Lashi
7123:Pholo
7103:Phupa
7098:Phola
7067:Phowa
7026:Samei
6932:Luoji
6927:Chesu
6864:Meuma
6854:Sanie
6844:Katso
6813:Micha
6740:Naruo
6735:Popei
6530:Kaduo
6513:Bi-Ka
6504:Gokhy
6489:Wanyä
6474:Cosao
6446:Habei
6431:Cauho
6391:Cốông
6324:Duota
6319:Duoni
6314:Suobi
6282:Haoni
6273:Kabie
6263:Yiche
6258:Gehuo
6248:Guohe
6228:Nuobi
6102:Mango
6097:Manga
6092:Maang
6076:Kathu
6069:Kathu
5817:Hruso
5713:Luren
5687:Kathu
5661:Tujia
5549:Taman
5520:Mruic
5507:Karbi
5448:Basum
5404:Tibet
5326:Magar
5252:Newar
5219:Nepal
5071:Tuoba
5015:Wutun
4930:Xiang
4923:Auish
4849:Hakka
4798:Ji-Lu
4763:Wakhi
4752:Uzbek
4747:Tuvan
4742:Tatar
4663:Other
4649:Salar
4601:Nanai
4539:Mulam
4504:Gelao
4467:Other
4366:Santa
4361:Ordos
4356:Oirat
4321:Bonan
4261:Xixiu
4231:Pa Na
4196:Hmong
4181:Gejia
4129:Riang
4089:Bugan
4084:Bolyu
4079:Blang
4028:Tujia
3991:Other
3972:Tseku
3957:Khams
3942:Groma
3922:Choni
3912:Basum
3907:Baima
3884:Zhaba
3804:Horpa
3789:Choyo
3784:Baima
3753:Sanie
3728:Naruo
3713:Katso
3708:Gokhy
3701:Other
3677:Samei
3672:Phuza
3662:Phupa
3657:Phuma
3647:Phowa
3642:Phola
3637:Phala
3632:Nuosu
3587:Bokha
3562:Alugu
3509:Micha
3421:Yiche
3406:Suobi
3371:Nuobi
3341:Kaduo
3336:Kabie
3316:Habei
3306:Duota
3301:Duoni
3296:Cosao
3224:Zaiwa
3209:Lashi
3161:Mango
3156:Manga
3151:Maang
3146:Kathu
3127:Lolo-
3053:Zaiwa
3023:Qiang
3013:Tujia
2998:Hmong
2749:S2CID
2716:[
2602:(PDF)
2591:(PDF)
2458:Nuosu
2366:ɡv̩̄ʷ
2351:fv̩̋ʷ
2137:ꃅꏸꇐꄜꎹ
2122:ꃅꏸꇐꄜꎷ
2016:Tones
1901:, so
1804:tight
1762:loose
1757:Close
1728:tight
1699:loose
1664:Front
1118:Nasal
1104:plain
1092:Velar
956:Huili
938:Ebian
934:Yuexi
910:Yuexi
902:Ebian
898:Leibo
890:Meigu
814:Leibo
798:Yuexi
762:Sondi
706:圣乍次土语
668:Nyisu
634:Butuo
585:Yinuo
326:Nuosu
211:China
134:Nuosu
52:China
22:Nuosu
7240:Pela
7219:Hpon
7212:Hpon
7138:Xiqi
7133:Long
7128:Ache
7057:Moji
7052:Muzi
7047:Muji
7016:Azha
7011:Azhe
6985:Lope
6973:Nisu
6947:Aluo
6937:Gepo
6859:Sadu
6849:Samu
6823:Limi
6818:Lamu
6803:Mili
6793:Lipo
6783:Lisu
6730:Tagu
6720:Lavu
6715:Talu
6642:Nusu
6621:Lahu
6605:Lewu
6595:Lawu
6562:Jino
6555:Jino
6520:Piyo
6499:Luma
6494:Akeu
6479:Paza
6469:Khir
6464:Sila
6371:Pyen
6356:Bisu
6329:Asuo
6309:Budu
6294:Woni
6289:Honi
6268:Qidi
6233:Lami
6218:Hani
6211:Hani
6202:Muda
6187:Akha
6180:Akha
6149:(Yi)
6112:Maza
5934:Rung
5879:Koro
5753:Naic
5680:Gong
5636:and
5634:East
5592:Zeme
5561:Naga
5479:Tani
5472:ʼOle
5368:Dura
5333:Kham
5285:Toto
5095:Sign
5056:Saka
4957:Ping
4678:Tsat
4629:Äynu
4611:Xibe
4569:Then
4554:Paha
4509:Hlai
4479:Biao
4453:Yang
4418:Nong
4331:Daur
4109:Mang
4104:Kuan
4023:Nung
3902:Amdo
3869:Situ
3849:Pumi
3844:Naxi
3834:Muya
3824:Lizu
3819:Laze
3794:Ersu
3748:Samu
3743:Nusu
3738:Naxi
3723:Lahu
3682:Sani
3627:Nisu
3622:Nasu
3617:Muzi
3612:Muji
3607:Moji
3602:Lope
3592:Gepo
3582:Azhe
3577:Azha
3567:Aluo
3514:Mili
3494:Lisu
3489:Lipo
3484:Limi
3479:Lawu
3474:Lavu
3469:Lamu
3464:Lalo
3416:Woni
3396:Sadu
3391:Qidi
3386:Piyo
3366:Muda
3346:Lami
3331:Jino
3326:Honi
3321:Hani
3286:Budu
3281:Bisu
3271:Asuo
3256:Akha
3251:Akeu
3204:Pela
3166:Maza
3068:Hani
3058:Lisu
2942:SARs
2809:ISBN
2791:ISBN
2774:ISBN
2616:"Yi"
2561:2005
2557:民族语文
2535:2001
2531:民族语文
2413:hxit
2410:shyp
2395:nyip
2361:he̝̋
2356:ʂʐ̩̄
2346:ŋɤ̝̄
2341:lz̩̄
2336:sɔ̠̄
2320:IPA
2176:and
2007:/ɤ̝/
1999:ndup
1953:U(r)
1919:Y(r)
1864:vs.
1837:Open
1746:v̠̩ʷ
1213:Stop
1015:ꆈꌠꁱꂷ
976:Puge
968:Miyi
838:Muli
810:Puge
794:Xide
765:Adur
676:Nisu
650:Puge
636:and
487:Laos
474:and
459:and
450:Nasu
330:Nosu
7148:Adu
7143:Ati
7006:Axi
6697:Alu
6682:Eka
6600:Awu
6546:Mpi
6539:Mpi
6525:Enu
6334:Amu
5800:) (
5654:Bai
5602:Sal
5542:Pyu
5526:Mru
5455:Nam
5036:Jie
4947:Yue
4940:Old
4935:New
4859:Min
4854:Hui
4844:Gan
4820:Jin
4644:Lop
4564:Sui
4529:Mak
4519:Kam
4499:Cun
4458:Yei
4408:Min
4403:Dai
4251:She
4201:Hmu
4074:Bit
3998:Bai
3927:Dao
3879:Zbu
3572:Axi
3439:Eka
3361:Mpi
3311:Enu
3261:Amu
3063:Bai
3003:Kam
2938:ARs
2739:doi
2683:doi
2649:doi
2503:hdl
2460:at
2416:ggu
2407:fut
2404:nge
2398:suo
2392:cyp
2331:ɲê̝
2248:12
2153:xix
2132:OSV
2117:SOV
2101:mop
2068:mop
1981:hmu
1967:hlu
1933:xyp
1736:z̠̩
1717:v̩ʷ
1476:ᶮdʑ
1466:ᶯɖʐ
1456:ⁿdz
1338:tɕʰ
1328:ʈʂʰ
1318:tsʰ
695:in
684:水田人
613:Adu
527:In
504:or
496:In
485:In
466:In
394:).
392:諾蘇語
384:诺苏语
334:ꆈꌠꉙ
328:or
299:IPA
271:iii
253:iii
34:ꆈꌠꉙ
7350::
6942:Ku
5570:Ao
5410:,
5406:,
5221:,
5217:,
4913:Wu
4144:Wa
4139:Va
4099:Hu
3829:Na
3028:Yi
2940:/
2747:.
2735:47
2733:.
2729:.
2679:29
2670:.
2645:44
2643:.
2618:.
2569:^
2559:.
2533:.
2419:cy
2401:ly
2314:ꊰꑋ
2309:ꊰꋍ
2245:11
2242:10
2107:ꃤꃀ
2090:vi
2074:ꊈꂾ
2057:wo
1942:ꂪꌦ
1913:sì
1899:ɿʮ
1788:o̝
1778:ɤ̝
1768:e̝
1707:z̩
1520:l̥
1486:ᵑɡ
1446:ⁿd
1436:ᵐb
1407:dʑ
1397:ɖʐ
1387:dz
1348:kʰ
1308:tʰ
1298:pʰ
1269:tɕ
1259:ʈʂ
1249:ts
1139:n̥
1129:m̥
1041:,
970:,
966:,
962:,
958:,
932:,
912:,
904:,
896:,
892:,
872:,
868:,
864:,
860:,
856:,
844:,
840:,
836:,
832:,
828:,
824:,
820:,
816:,
812:,
808:,
804:,
800:,
796:,
656:,
652:,
644:,
604:)
581:)
539:.
524:.
514:Yi
452:.
411:;
409:白彝
401:;
399:黑彝
386:;
368:彝语
346:,
234:ii
77:Yi
6045:e
6038:t
6031:v
5804:)
5563:"
5559:"
5458:?
5414:)
5402:(
5371:–
5225:)
5212:,
5208:(
5188:e
5181:t
5174:v
4975:E
4134:U
3085:/
2899:e
2892:t
2885:v
2817:.
2780:.
2755:.
2741::
2689:.
2685::
2655:.
2651::
2628:.
2511:.
2505::
2304:ꊰ
2299:ꈬ
2294:ꉆ
2289:ꏃ
2284:ꃘ
2279:ꉬ
2274:ꇖ
2269:ꌕ
2264:ꑍ
2259:ꋍ
2239:9
2236:8
2233:7
2230:6
2227:5
2224:4
2221:3
2218:2
2215:1
2212:0
2148:ꑞ
2096:ꃀ
2085:ꃤ
2063:ꃀ
2052:ꊈ
1994:ꅥ
1976:ꂥ
1962:ꆭ
1928:ꑮ
1908:四
1846:a
1825:ɔ
1811:ɛ
1637:ɣ
1627:ʑ
1617:ʐ
1607:z
1597:l
1587:v
1570:h
1560:x
1550:ɕ
1540:ʂ
1530:s
1510:f
1417:ɡ
1377:d
1367:b
1279:k
1239:t
1229:p
1215:/
1200:ŋ
1190:ɲ
1176:n
1166:m
378:(
332:(
319:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.