430:
295:
86:
27:
434:
433:
435:
300:
299:
296:
301:
432:
298:
383:. Some viruses are simple ribonucleoproteins, containing only one molecule of RNA and a number of identical protein molecules. Others are ribonucleoprotein or deoxyribonucleoprotein complexes containing a number of different proteins, and exceptionally more nucleic acid molecules. Currently, over 2000 RNPs can be found in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB). Furthermore, the
425:
RNPs computationally. Although computational methods of deducing RNP structures are less accurate than experimental methods, they provide a rough model of the structure which allows for predictions of the identity of significant amino acids and nucleotide residues. Such information helps in
431:
297:
247:. Deoxyribonucleoproteins in this kind of complex interact to generate a multiprotein regulatory complex in which the intervening DNA is looped or wound. The deoxyribonucleoproteins participate in regulating DNA replication and transcription.
387:(PRIDB) possesses a collection of information on RNA-protein interfaces based on data drawn from the PDB. Some common features of protein-RNA interfaces were deduced based on known structures. For example, RNP in snRNPs have an RNA-binding
1658:
Tuszynska, Irina; Matelska, Dorota; Magnus, Marcin; Chojnowski, Grzegorz; Kasprzak, Joanna M.; Kozlowski, Lukasz P.; Dunin-Horkawicz, Stanislaw; Bujnicki, Janusz M. (2014-02-01). "Computational modeling of protein-RNA complex structures".
344:. These complexes play an integral part in a number of important biological functions that include transcription, translation and regulating gene expression and regulating the metabolism of RNA. A few examples of RNPs include the
1963:
828:
Albertini, Aurélie A. V.; Wernimont, Amy K.; Muziol, Tadeusz; Ravelli, Raimond B. G.; Clapier, Cedric R.; Schoehn, Guy; Weissenhorn, Winfried; Ruigrok, Rob W. H. (2006-07-21).
1012:
Carter, Stephen D.; Surtees, Rebecca; Walter, Cheryl T.; Ariza, Antonio; Bergeron, Éric; Nichol, Stuart T.; Hiscox, Julian A.; Edwards, Thomas A.; Barr, John N. (2012-10-15).
539:
and are specific for SLE. The presence of a significant level of anti-U1-RNP also serves a possible indicator of MCTD when detected in conjunction with several other factors.
324:
when infected. This RNA-nucleolin complex is then safely transported to the cytosol for translation by ribosomes to produce the
Interleukin-6 protein, which is involved in
140:
are therefore little more than an organised collection of nucleoproteins with their binding sites pointing inwards. Structurally characterised viral nucleoproteins include
953:
Surtees, Rebecca; Ariza, Antonio; Punch, Emma K.; Trinh, Chi H.; Dowall, Stuart D.; Hewson, Roger; Hiscox, Julian A.; Barr, John N.; Edwards, Thomas A. (2015-01-01).
2038:
2058:
1779:"Structure of influenza virus RNP. I. Influenza virus nucleoprotein melts secondary structure in panhandle RNA and exposes the bases to the solvent"
2052:
1069:
Qi, Xiaoxuan; Lan, Shuiyun; Wang, Wenjian; Schelde, Lisa McLay; Dong, Haohao; Wallat, Gregor D.; Ly, Hinh; Liang, Yuying; Dong, Changjiang (2010).
1967:
554:
In the same way, the genomes of negative-strand RNA viruses never exist as free RNA molecule. The ribonucleoproteins protect their genomes from
1923:
101:
and biological functions of many nucleoproteins are understood. Important techniques for determining the structures of nucleoproteins include
1487:
Lukong, Kiven E.; Chang, Kai-wei; Khandjian, Edouard W.; Richard, Stéphane (2008-08-01). "RNA-binding proteins in human genetic disease".
896:
Ariza, A.; Tanner, S. J.; Walter, C. T.; Dent, K. C.; Shepherd, D. A.; Wu, W.; Matthews, S. V.; Hiscox, J. A.; Green, T. J. (2013-06-01).
551:
never occur as free RNA molecules in the cell. They always associate with ribonucleoproteins and function as ribonucleoprotein complexes.
1601:
Lewis, Benjamin A.; Walia, Rasna R.; Terribilini, Michael; Ferguson, Jeff; Zheng, Charles; Honavar, Vasant; Dobbs, Drena (2016-11-07).
777:
Ng, Andy Ka-Leung; Wang, Jia-Huai; Shaw, Pang-Chui (2009-05-27). "Structure and sequence analysis of influenza A virus nucleoprotein".
321:
243:
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is associated with about an equal mass of histone proteins in a highly condensed nucleoprotein complex called
1710:
Momose, Fumitaka; Sekimoto, Tetsuya; Ohkura, Takashi; Jo, Shuichi; Kawaguchi, Atsushi; Nagata, Kyosuke; Morikawa, Yuko (2011-06-22).
1267:
Cox MM, Goodman MF, Kreuzer KN, Sherratt DJ, Sandler SJ, Marians KJ (2000). "The importance of repairing stalled replication forks".
448:
283:
898:"Nucleocapsid protein structures from orthobunyaviruses reveal insight into ribonucleoprotein architecture and RNA polymerization"
406:
portion of RNA-binding proteins help to stabilize interactions with nucleic acids. This nucleic acid binding is strengthened by
1834:
1858:
Ruigrok, Rob WH; Crépin, Thibaut; Kolakofsky, Dan (2011). "Nucleoproteins and nucleocapsids of negative-strand RNA viruses".
1146:
640:
258:
that appears to be nearly universal. A central intermediate step in this process is the interaction of multiple copies of a
97:
Nucleoproteins tend to be positively charged, facilitating interaction with the negatively charged nucleic acid chains. The
2028:
1430:"Diverse RNA-Binding Proteins Interact with Functionally Related Sets of RNAs, Suggesting an Extensive Regulatory System"
165:
618:
Graeme K. Hunter G. K. (2000): Vital Forces. The discovery of the molecular basis of life. Academic Press, London 2000,
1916:
1369:
Muller, Mandy; Hutin, Stephanie; Marigold, Oliver; Li, Kathy H.; Burlingame, Al; Glaunsinger, Britt A. (2015-05-12).
623:
1371:"A Ribonucleoprotein Complex Protects the Interleukin-6 mRNA from Degradation by Distinct Herpesviral Endonucleases"
1555:
710:
Purohit, Prashant K.; Inamdar, Mandar M.; Grayson, Paul D.; Squires, Todd M.; Kondev, Jané; Phillips, Rob (2005).
507:
464:
493:
RNA. At this point, once the virus enters a host cell it will be prepared to begin the process of replication.
384:
262:
protein with single-stranded DNA to form a DNP filament. Recombinases employed in this process are produced by
1909:
1896:
1972:
1428:
Hogan, Daniel J; Riordan, Daniel P; Gerber, André P; Herschlag, Daniel; Brown, Patrick O (2016-11-07).
460:
440:
106:
98:
1014:"Structure, Function, and Evolution of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Nucleocapsid Protein"
1179:"Nucleoprotein structures initiating DNA replication, transcription, and site-specific recombination"
474:. The influenza viral genome is composed of eight ribonucleoprotein particles formed by a complex of
1712:"Apical Transport of Influenza A Virus Ribonucleoprotein Requires Rab11-positive Recycling Endosome"
1587:
1320:"Spontaneous self-segregation of Rad51 and Dmc1 DNA recombinases within mixed recombinase filaments"
1129:
1125:
603:
490:
251:
110:
516:
2008:
1141:
Nelson D. L., Michael M. Cox M. M. (2013): Lehninger
Principles of Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman,
180:
A deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) is a complex of DNA and protein. The prototypical examples are
1574:
563:
1723:
1276:
1082:
841:
733:
666:
325:
266:(RadA recombinase), by bacteria (RecA recombinase) and by eukaryotes from yeast to humans (
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8:
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1932:
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536:
512:
341:
157:
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Tzlil, Shelly; Kindt, James T.; Gelbart, William M.; Ben-Shaul, Avinoam (March 2003).
2094:
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1676:
1640:
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1512:
1504:
1469:
1451:
1410:
1392:
1351:
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1249:
1220:"RadA protein is an archaeal RecA protein homolog that catalyzes DNA strand exchange"
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444:
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337:
153:
814:
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1446:
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20:
1672:
745:
489:, it is able to expose the nucleotide bases which allow the viral polymerase to
528:
502:
479:
407:
93:
particle, with structures of the major proteins shown and labelled on the right
1871:
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971:
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145:
74:
54:
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1071:"Cap binding and immune evasion revealed by Lassa nucleoprotein structure"
1978:
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913:
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376:
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259:
213:
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149:
90:
1094:
1901:
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Seitz EM, Brockman JP, Sandler SJ, Clark AJ, Kowalczykowski SC (1998).
411:
395:
349:
255:
237:
229:
225:
209:
181:
70:
31:
26:
728:
655:"Forces and Pressures in DNA Packaging and Release from Viral Capsids"
1983:
1953:
1288:
452:
418:
380:
309:
289:
244:
233:
221:
197:
193:
189:
184:, complexes in which genomic DNA is wrapped around clusters of eight
129:
125:
369:
345:
66:
515:
patients. Two types of anti-RNP antibodies are closely related to
463:. Ribonucleoprotein particles are distinct intracellular foci for
1943:
1657:
830:"Crystal Structure of the Rabies Virus Nucleoprotein-RNA Complex"
562:
for viruses because they have strain-specific and group-specific
559:
398:
residues in this motif result in stacking interactions with RNA.
357:
263:
217:
185:
50:
39:
955:"The crystal structure of the Hazara virus nucleocapsid protein"
635:
Nelson D. L., Cox M. M. (2013): Lehninger
Biochemie. Springer,
2022:
2017:
2012:
827:
399:
133:
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1600:
614:
612:
555:
532:
483:
403:
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267:
137:
121:
709:
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bound to a viral nucleoprotein. Each RNP carries with it an
2067:
2062:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1948:
1835:"Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) | Cleveland Clinic"
1486:
1427:
1318:
Crickard JB, Kaniecki K, Kwon Y, Sung P, Greene EC (2018).
548:
524:
520:
313:
1777:
Baudin, F; Bach, C; Cusack, S; Ruigrok, R W (1994-07-01).
652:
609:
1266:
1217:
486:
62:
58:
35:
1317:
1011:
712:"Forces during Bacteriophage DNA Packaging and Ejection"
1857:
1776:
1709:
952:
1368:
895:
451:
to move more rapidly within the cell than by simple
547:The ribonucleoproteins play a role of protection.
320:). This protects those mRNAs from degradation by
2086:
1068:
208:The most widespread deoxyribonucleoproteins are
1968:Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor
224:; the resulting nucleoproteins are located in
1917:
482:complex. When the nucleoprotein binds to the
250:Deoxyribonucleoproteins are also involved in
1959:hu paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis antigens
1311:
1260:
467:. These particles play an important role in
439:Cell infected with influenza A virus. Viral
1211:
426:understanding the overall function the RNP.
421:backbones. Additionally, it is possible to
379:) and are among the main components of the
1924:
1910:
776:
175:
1964:mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation factors
1810:
1753:
1735:
1634:
1603:"PRIDB: a protein–RNA interface database"
1463:
1445:
1404:
1386:
1345:
1335:
1243:
1194:
1128:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1102:
1045:
988:
970:
929:
853:
753:
727:
686:
602:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
312:in red. The nucleolin protein binds some
200:replace histones during spermatogenesis.
1931:
779:Science in China Series C: Life Sciences
428:
293:
284:Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle
132:) are extremely tightly packed into the
84:
25:
511:and are also detected in nearly 40% of
410:attraction between the positive lysine
322:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
2087:
1176:
496:
1905:
1157:
1155:
558:. Nucleoproteins are often the major
277:
216:. The proteins combined with DNA are
2029:polypyrimidine tract-binding protein
1949:Fragile X mental retardation protein
1897:PRIDB Protein-RNA Interface Database
891:
889:
1556:"RCSB Protein Data Bank - RCSB PDB"
1183:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
65:). Typical nucleoproteins include
13:
1795:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06614.x
1161:
1152:
14:
2106:
1890:
886:
368:), which have been implicated in
240:consists of such nucleoproteins.
1553:
443:proteins, stained white, hijack
1860:Current Opinion in Microbiology
1851:
1827:
1770:
1703:
1651:
1594:
1547:
1523:
1480:
1421:
1362:
1170:
1135:
1119:
1062:
1005:
508:mixed connective tissue disease
465:post-transcriptional regulation
385:Protein-RNA Interface Data Base
166:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
89:Cross-sectional drawing of the
946:
821:
770:
703:
646:
629:
593:
542:
1:
1613:(Database issue): D277–D282.
1196:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)77163-9
679:10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74971-6
586:
80:
1737:10.1371/journal.pone.0021123
1447:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060255
1388:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004899
391:in its RNA-binding protein.
212:, in which the component is
203:
7:
1973:Cleavage stimulation factor
1673:10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.09.014
746:10.1529/biophysj.104.047134
569:
461:ribonucleoprotein particles
308:with DNA stained blue, and
10:
2111:
1999:nuclear factor 90 proteins
1944:Butyrate response factor 1
441:ribonucleoprotein particle
287:
281:
116:
107:nuclear magnetic resonance
18:
1939:
1872:10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.011
1554:Bank, RCSB Protein Data.
1501:10.1016/j.tig.2008.05.004
1177:Echols, Harrison (1990).
972:10.1186/s12900-015-0051-3
791:10.1007/s11427-009-0064-x
326:antiviral immune response
1337:10.1074/jbc.RA117.001143
1130:Medical Subject Headings
604:Medical Subject Headings
501:Anti-RNP antibodies are
459:'RNP' can also refer to
364:and small nuclear RNPs (
354:vault ribonucleoproteins
252:homologous recombination
111:cryo-electron microscopy
19:Not to be confused with
2039:RNA cap-binding protein
2009:Poly(A)-binding protein
1126:Deoxyribonucleoproteins
855:10.1126/science.1125280
176:Deoxyribonucleoproteins
1839:my.clevelandclinic.org
1607:Nucleic Acids Research
1582:Cite journal requires
1164:Molecular Cell Biology
959:BMC Structural Biology
902:Nucleic Acids Research
564:antigenic determinants
456:
336:(RNP) is a complex of
329:
94:
43:
1979:host factor 1 protein
1236:10.1101/gad.12.9.1248
537:Anti-Smith antibodies
438:
304:
88:
29:
2059:SMN complex proteins
1933:RNA-binding proteins
1030:10.1128/JVI.01555-12
192:cell nuclei to form
34:is a combination of
2043:Cap binding complex
1728:2011PLoSO...621123M
1619:10.1093/nar/gkq1108
1531:"Ribonucleoprotein"
1281:2000Natur.404...37C
1095:10.1038/nature09605
1087:2010Natur.468..779Q
1024:(20): 10914–10923.
1018:Journal of Virology
846:2006Sci...313..360A
738:2005BpJ....88..851P
716:Biophysical Journal
671:2003BpJ....84.1616T
659:Biophysical Journal
581:RNA-binding protein
576:DNA-binding protein
513:Lupus erythematosus
497:Anti-RNP antibodies
342:RNA-binding protein
228:. Thus, the entire
99:tertiary structures
1489:Trends in Genetics
914:10.1093/nar/gkt268
517:Sjögren's syndrome
476:negative-sense RNA
457:
330:
278:Ribonucleoproteins
95:
44:
2082:
2081:
2034:ribonucleoprotein
1789:(13): 3158–3165.
1330:(11): 4191–4200.
1189:(25): 14697–700.
1147:978-1-4641-0962-1
1081:(7325): 779–783.
908:(11): 5912–5926.
840:(5785): 360–363.
641:978-3-540-68637-8
469:influenza A virus
436:
414:and the negative
334:ribonucleoprotein
310:nucleolin protein
302:
103:X-ray diffraction
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665:(3): 1616–1627.
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505:associated with
445:active transport
437:
402:residues in the
338:ribonucleic acid
303:
254:, a process for
124:genomes (either
53:conjugated with
40:histone proteins
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21:Nuclear protein
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503:autoantibodies
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480:RNA polymerase
282:Main article:
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188:proteins in
179:
134:viral capsid
120:
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75:nucleocapsid
46:
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535:are called
472:replication
412:side chains
377:spliceosome
260:recombinase
226:chromosomes
214:nuclear DNA
210:nucleosomes
182:nucleosomes
91:Ebola virus
71:nucleosomes
1844:2016-11-07
1566:2018-04-14
1540:2016-11-07
587:References
491:transcribe
396:amino acid
350:telomerase
288:See also:
238:eukaryotes
230:chromosome
222:protamines
198:Protamines
190:eukaryotic
154:Bunyamwera
81:Structures
77:proteins.
73:and viral
32:nucleosome
1984:Aconitase
1803:0261-4189
1746:1932-6203
1681:1095-9130
1627:0305-1048
1509:0168-9525
1456:1544-9173
1397:1553-7366
1224:Genes Dev
1038:0022-538X
981:1472-6807
922:0305-1048
864:0036-8075
799:1006-9305
543:Functions
523:(Ro) and
453:diffusion
449:endosomes
419:phosphate
381:nucleolus
290:RNP world
245:chromatin
234:chromatin
204:Functions
194:chromatin
142:influenza
67:ribosomes
2095:Proteins
2089:Category
1880:21824806
1764:21731653
1716:PLOS ONE
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1689:24083976
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872:16778023
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764:15556983
697:12609865
570:See also
560:antigens
531:against
447:via the
393:Aromatic
373:splicing
370:pre-mRNA
346:ribosome
218:histones
57:(either
51:proteins
1821:8039508
1755:3120830
1724:Bibcode
1661:Methods
1636:3013700
1465:2573929
1406:4428876
1347:5858004
1305:4427794
1277:Bibcode
1254:9573041
1205:2203758
1104:3057469
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990:4696240
931:3675483
842:Bibcode
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688:1302732
667:Bibcode
404:helical
358:RNase P
264:archaea
232:, i.e.
186:histone
138:viruses
136:. Many
117:Viruses
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2023:PABPC4
2018:PABPC3
2013:PABPC1
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366:snRNPs
168:, and
162:Hazara
146:rabies
2073:DDX20
2048:EIF4E
1693:S2CID
1301:S2CID
876:S2CID
811:S2CID
724:arXiv
556:RNase
549:mRNAs
533:snRNP
484:viral
423:model
389:motif
362:hnRNP
314:mRNAs
268:Rad51
170:Lassa
150:Ebola
122:Virus
2068:SMN2
2063:SMN1
2003:ILF2
1993:ACO2
1988:ACO1
1876:PMID
1817:PMID
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637:ISBN
620:ISBN
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130:RNA
128:or
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