204:
has captured and aims to capture is bread and other products for the army, metal and fuel for industry, factories, plants supplying the army with arms and ammunition, railways. After the loss of
Ukraine, Belarus, Baltic republics, Donetzk, and other areas we have much less territory, much fewer people, bread, metal, plants and factories. We have lost more than 70 million people, more than 800 million pounds of bread annually and more than 10 million tons of metal annually. Now we do not have predominance over the Germans in human reserves, in reserves of bread. To retreat further – means to waste ourselves and to waste at the same time our Motherland.
31:
192:
the gates of the
Northern Caucasus. The German invaders penetrate toward Stalingrad, to Volga and want at any cost to trap Kuban and the Northern Caucasus, with their oil and grain. The enemy already has captured Voroshilovgrad, Starobelsk, Rossosh, Kupyansk, Valuyki, Novocherkassk, Rostov on Don, half Voronezh. Part of the troops of the Southern front, following the panic-mongers, have left Rostov and Novocherkassk without severe resistance and without orders from Moscow, covering their banners with shame.
703:
320:
392:
380:
368:
356:
344:
332:
243:
b) Form within the limits of each army 3 to 5 well-armed defensive squads (up to 200 persons in each), and put them directly behind unstable divisions and require them in case of panic and scattered withdrawals of elements of the divisions to shoot in place panic-mongers and cowards and thus help the
207:
Therefore it is necessary to eliminate talk that we have the capability endlessly to retreat, that we have a lot of territory, that our country is great and rich, that there is a large population, and that bread always will be abundant. Such talk is false and parasitic, it weakens us and benefits the
309:
from
October 1942, 15,649 soldiers were picked up by the restricted forces who fled the front line on the Stalingrad Front from August 1, 1942, to October 15, 1942. Of these, 244 soldiers were imprisoned, 278 were shot, 218 were sent to penal companies, 42 to penal battalions and 14,833 to return to
247:
c) Form within the limits of each army up to ten (depending on the situation) penal companies (from 150 to 200 persons in each) where ordinary soldiers and low ranking commanders who have been guilty of a breach of discipline due to cowardice or bewilderment will be routed, and put them at difficult
230:
c) Form within each Front from one up to three (depending on the situation) penal battalions (800 persons) where commanders and high commanders and appropriate commissars of all service arms who have been guilty of a breach of discipline due to cowardice or bewilderment will be sent, and put them on
155:
Intended to galvanise the morale of the hard-pressed Red Army and emphasize patriotism, it had a generally detrimental effect and was not consistently implemented by commanders who viewed diverting troops to create blocking detachments as a waste of manpower. On 29 October 1944, blocking detachments
203:
Each commander, Red Army soldier and political commissar should understand that our means are not limitless. The territory of the Soviet state is not a desert, but people – workers, peasants, intelligentsia, our fathers, mothers, wives, brothers, children. The territory of the USSR which the enemy
191:
The enemy throws new forces to the front without regard to heavy losses and penetrates deep into the Soviet Union, seizing new regions, destroying our cities and villages, and violating, plundering and killing the Soviet population. Combat goes on in region
Voronezh, near Don, in the south, and at
256:
a) Unconditionally remove from their posts commanders and commissars of regiments and battalions who have accepted unwarranted withdrawal of their troops without the order of the corps or division commander, take from them their orders and medals and route them to military councils of fronts for
199:
Some stupid people at the front calm themselves with talk that we can retreat further to the east, as we have a lot of territory, a lot of ground, a lot of population and that there will always be much bread for us. They want to justify the infamous behaviour at the front. But such talk is a
283:, wrote: "...Order N 227 is one of the most powerful documents of the war years due to its patriotic and emotional content... the document was motivated by rough and dark times... while reading it we were thinking to ourselves if we were doing everything it takes to win the battle."
152:" at the rear that would shoot "panic-mongers and cowards". In the first three months, blocking detachments shot 1,000 penal troops and sent 24,000 to penal battalions. By October 1942, the idea of regular blocking detachments was unofficially dropped.
195:
The population of our country, who love and respect the Red Army, start to be discouraged in her and lose faith in the Red Army, and many curse the Red Army for leaving our people under the yoke of the German oppressors, and itself running east.
239:
a) Unconditionally remove from their offices, corps and army commanders and commissars who have accepted troop withdrawals from occupied positions without the order of the army command, and route them to the military councils of the fronts for
294:. By the end of 1942, there were 24,993 troops serving in penal battalions, which increased to 177,694 in 1943. The number decreased over the next two years to 143,457 and 81,766 soldiers in 1944 and 1945, respectively. The total of
226:
b) Unconditionally remove from their posts and send to the High
Command for court-martial those army commanders who have allowed unauthorized troop withdrawals from occupied positions, without the order of the Front
136:) of up to 800 middle-ranking commanders and high-ranking commanders accused of disciplinary problems, which were sent to the most dangerous sections of the front lines. From 1942 to 1945, a total of 422,700
223:
a) Unconditionally eliminate retreat moods in the troops and with a firm hand bar propaganda that we can and should retreat further east, and that such retreat will cause no harm;
208:
enemy, if we do not stop retreating we will be without bread, without fuel, without metal, without raw material, without factories and plants, without railways.
684:
877:
302:
and 436,600 imprisoned after sentencing. Not included are 212,400 deserters, who were not found and escaped the custody of the military districts.
305:
In the first three months, blocking detachments shot 1,000 penal troops and sent 24,000 to penal battalions. According to an internal list of the
769:
260:
b) Render all help and support to the defensive squads of the army in their business of strengthening order and discipline in the units.
872:
853:
539:
231:
more difficult sectors of the front to give them an opportunity to redeem by blood their crimes against the
Motherland.
882:
634:
578:
506:
211:
This leads to the conclusion, it is time to finish retreating. Not one step back! Such should now be our main slogan.
17:
448:
70:
264:
This order is to be read in all companies, cavalry squadrons, batteries, squadrons, commands and headquarters.
717:
165:
248:
sectors of the army to give them an opportunity to redeem by blood their crimes against the
Motherland.
762:
291:
687:[Order for the Reforming of the Separate Blocking Detachments: No. 349, 29 October 1944].
310:
their units. By
October 1942, the idea of regular blocking detachments was unofficially dropped.
287:
55:
626:
619:
887:
156:
were officially disbanded by Stalin's order No. 349 citing the changed situation at the front.
843:
558:
498:
716:
783:
418:
280:
8:
614:
428:
413:
95:
145:
849:
803:
747:
640:
630:
584:
574:
535:
512:
502:
215:
It goes on to state that The
Supreme General Headquarters of the Red Army commands:
658:
480:
299:
46:
685:"ПРИКАЗ О РАСФОРМИРОВАНИИ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАГРАДИТЕЛЬНЫХ ОТРЯДОВ № 0349 29 октября 1944"
319:
570:
484:
99:
30:
391:
379:
367:
355:
343:
331:
534:. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. p. 28.
149:
141:
588:
866:
807:
712:
707:
408:
219:
1. Military councils of the fronts and first of all front commanders should:
66:
644:
516:
298:
personnel sentenced by courts-martial was 994,300, with 422,700 assigned to
168:, the Soviets suffered heavy losses along with mass retreat and desertion.
88:
235:
2. Military councils of armies and first of all army commanders should;
799:
739:
423:
490:
244:
honest soldiers of the division execute their duty to the
Motherland;
181:
177:
131:
706: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
295:
173:
172:
released order No. 227 intending to re-establish discipline in the
137:
35:
702:
662:
726:
27:
1942 military command issued by Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin
795:
735:
665:[Lies and the truth about the detachments] (in Russian)
566:
494:
169:
84:
719:
Order No. 227 by the People's Commissar of Defence of the USSR
689:
Combat operations of the Red Army in the Great Patriotic War
252:
3. Commanders and commissars of corps and divisions should;
140:
personnel were sentenced to penal battalions as a result of
306:
831:
History Channel, Monday 24 Nov 2008 @ 1400hr Eastern Time.
845:
Victory at Stalingrad: The Battle That Changed History
38:
throwing a grenade with the phrase "Not a Step Back!".
621:
Ivan's War: Life and Death in the Red Army, 1939-1945
129:
110:
60:
618:
864:
841:
475:
473:
471:
469:
122:'penalty battalion', commonly known as
73:. It is known for its line "Not a step back!" (
625:. New York : Metropolitan Books. p.
466:
123:
74:
553:
551:
609:
607:
486:Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953
117:
782:
557:
826:The Value of Human Life in Soviet Warfare
613:
548:
449:"Order No. 227, July 28, 1942, J. Stalin"
65:) was an order issued on 28 July 1942 by
878:Government documents of the Soviet Union
657:
604:
200:falsehood, helpful only to our enemies.
29:
768:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
677:
651:
479:
14:
865:
848:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 64–.
711:
529:
267:The People’s commissioner of Defense
600:
598:
144:. The order also directed that each
94:Order No. 227 established that each
563:Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses
24:
835:
784:Vasilevsky, Aleksandr Mikhaylovich
25:
899:
595:
523:
34:Soviet postage stamp depicting a
701:
390:
378:
366:
354:
342:
330:
318:
776:
663:"Ложь и правда о заградотрядах"
286:Each front had to create penal
188:Moscow, Nr. 227, July 28, 1942
695:
441:
13:
1:
818:
279:Marshal of the Soviet Union,
164:During the first part of the
71:People's Commissar of Defence
873:Eastern Front (World War II)
83:), which became the primary
7:
724:. Translated by Frank from
402:
130:
111:
61:
10:
904:
176:in the battle against the
159:
842:Geoffrey Roberts (2013).
274:
124:
103:
98:must create one to three
75:
50:
883:1942 in the Soviet Union
824:Sellas, Anthony (1992).
434:
166:war on the Eastern Front
69:, who was acting as the
828:, New York: Routledge.
530:Toppe, Alfred (1998).
314:Pages of Order No. 227
272:
213:
39:
559:Krivosheev, Grigori F
499:Yale University Press
217:
186:
33:
794:] (in Russian).
615:Merridale, Catherine
419:Battle of Stalingrad
281:Aleksandr Vasilevsky
150:blocking detachments
429:List of last stands
414:They shall not pass
573:. pp. 91–92.
112:shtrafnoy batalyon
40:
855:978-1-317-86890-3
758:|translator=
755:External link in
659:Starikov, Nikolai
541:978-0-7881-7080-5
481:Roberts, Geoffrey
290:for privates and
121:
109:
104:штрафной батальон
59:
18:Not one step back
16:(Redirected from
895:
859:
812:
811:
792:A Lifelong Cause
780:
774:
773:
766:
760:
759:
753:
751:
743:
733:
730:
729:.stalingrad-info
728:
723:
715:(28 July 1942).
705:
699:
693:
692:
681:
675:
674:
672:
670:
655:
649:
648:
624:
611:
602:
593:
592:
555:
546:
545:
527:
521:
520:
477:
464:
463:
461:
460:
445:
394:
382:
370:
358:
346:
334:
322:
300:penal battalions
135:
127:
126:
119:
116:
114:
108:romanized:
107:
105:
100:penal battalions
91:in summer 1942.
78:
77:
64:
54:
52:
21:
903:
902:
898:
897:
896:
894:
893:
892:
863:
862:
856:
838:
836:Further reading
821:
816:
815:
788:Дело всей жизни
781:
777:
767:
757:
756:
754:
745:
744:
725:
700:
696:
683:
682:
678:
668:
666:
661:(19 May 2012).
656:
652:
637:
612:
605:
596:
581:
571:Greenhill Books
556:
549:
542:
528:
524:
509:
501:. p. 132.
478:
467:
458:
456:
453:TracesOfWar.com
447:
446:
442:
437:
405:
398:
395:
386:
383:
374:
371:
362:
359:
350:
347:
338:
335:
326:
323:
277:
162:
81:Ni shagu nazad!
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
901:
891:
890:
885:
880:
875:
861:
860:
854:
837:
834:
833:
832:
829:
820:
817:
814:
813:
775:
713:Stalin, Joseph
694:
676:
650:
635:
603:
594:
579:
547:
540:
522:
507:
465:
439:
438:
436:
433:
432:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
404:
401:
400:
399:
396:
389:
387:
384:
377:
375:
372:
365:
363:
360:
353:
351:
348:
341:
339:
336:
329:
327:
324:
317:
315:
276:
273:
262:
261:
258:
257:court martial;
250:
249:
245:
241:
240:court-martial;
233:
232:
228:
224:
161:
158:
142:courts-martial
76:Ни шагу назад!
62:Prikaz No. 227
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
900:
889:
888:Joseph Stalin
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
857:
851:
847:
846:
840:
839:
830:
827:
823:
822:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
779:
771:
764:
749:
741:
737:
732:
722:
720:
714:
709:
708:public domain
704:
698:
691:(in Russian).
690:
686:
680:
664:
660:
654:
646:
642:
638:
636:0-8050-7455-4
632:
628:
623:
622:
616:
610:
608:
601:
599:
590:
586:
582:
580:1-85367-280-7
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
554:
552:
543:
537:
533:
526:
518:
514:
510:
508:0-300-11204-1
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:
482:
476:
474:
472:
470:
454:
450:
444:
440:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Order No. 270
407:
406:
393:
388:
381:
376:
369:
364:
357:
352:
345:
340:
333:
328:
321:
316:
313:
312:
311:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
271:
268:
265:
259:
255:
254:
253:
246:
242:
238:
237:
236:
229:
225:
222:
221:
220:
216:
212:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
157:
153:
151:
148:must create "
147:
143:
139:
134:
133:
113:
101:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
72:
68:
67:Joseph Stalin
63:
57:
48:
44:
43:Order No. 227
37:
32:
19:
844:
825:
791:
787:
778:
738:– via
718:
697:
688:
679:
669:15 September
667:. Retrieved
653:
620:
562:
532:Night Combat
531:
525:
485:
457:. Retrieved
455:. 1942-07-28
452:
443:
304:
285:
278:
269:
266:
263:
251:
234:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
163:
154:
93:
89:Soviet press
80:
51:Приказ № 227
42:
41:
867:Categories
819:References
800:Politizdat
740:Wikisource
589:1023102965
459:2020-12-07
424:Last stand
102:(Russian:
808:236175083
491:New Haven
288:companies
270:I. Stalin
182:Waffen-SS
178:Wehrmacht
132:shtrafbat
56:romanized
786:(1973).
748:citation
645:60671899
617:(2006).
561:(1997).
517:71164004
483:(2006).
403:See also
296:Red Army
227:command.
174:Red Army
138:Red Army
125:штрафбат
36:politruk
710::
160:History
120:
87:of the
58::
47:Russian
852:
806:
796:Moscow
736:Moscow
721:
643:
633:
587:
577:
567:London
538:
515:
505:
495:London
325:Page 1
275:Effect
170:Stalin
85:slogan
790:[
435:Notes
96:front
850:ISBN
804:OCLC
770:link
763:help
731:.com
671:2018
641:OCLC
631:ISBN
585:OCLC
575:ISBN
536:ISBN
513:OCLC
503:ISBN
493:and
397:P. 7
385:P. 6
373:P. 5
361:P. 4
349:P. 3
337:P. 2
307:NKVD
292:NCOs
180:and
146:army
118:lit.
727:www
627:158
869::
802:.
798::
752::
750:}}
746:{{
734:.
639:.
629:.
606:^
597:^
583:.
569::
565:.
550:^
511:.
497::
489:.
468:^
451:.
184::
128:,
115:,
106:,
79:,
53:,
49::
858:.
810:.
772:)
765:)
761:(
742:.
673:.
647:.
591:.
544:.
519:.
462:.
45:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
