474:, adult females were average about 40 kg (90 lbs) and adult males average about 50 kg (110 lbs), with a mean adult body mass in winter of 46.4 kg (102 lb). More recent studies have reported the average range of height and weight in the north-west of the United States, both sexes were between 68 and 91.5 cm (26.8 and 36.0 in) tall at the shoulder. Here the weight of males was reported at between 45 and 72 kg (99 and 159 lb), while the females were reported at 36 to 60 kg (79 to 132 lb).
505:
170:
120:
526:. They usually stampede the herd using pack teamwork to separate the younger elk from the adults. They also will charge young calves separated from their parents. Winter-weakened or sick elk also play an important part of Yellowstone wolf diets, and it is estimated that over 50 percent of winter-weakened or sick elk in Yellowstone are killed by wolves. Of these, about 12 percent of carcasses were scavenged by other predators, including
147:
470:, Canada, five adult females averaged 42.5 kg or 93.6 lbs with a range of 85 lbs to 100 lbs (38.6 - 45.4 kg) and ten adult males averaged 112.2 lbs or 51.7 kg with a range of 105 lbs to 135 lbs (47.6 - 61.2 kg), with a weight range for all adults of 38.6 kg to 61.2 kg (85 - 135 lbs). In
496:), was reported as 39 kg (86 lb) and 40 kg (88 lb), respectively. Sir John Richardson described the northwestern wolf as having a more robust build than the Eurasian wolf, with a larger, rounder head and a thicker, more obtuse muzzle. Its ears are also shorter, and its fur bushier.
477:
The
Northwestern wolf is also one of the longest wolf subspecies, as its length usually ranges from 5 to 6 ft (152-183 cm) and can reach as long as 7 ft (213 cm).
786:
The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service.
432:, the most northwestern subspecies, is descended from the last gray wolves to colonize North America. It likely crossed into North America through the
1664:
1629:
1138:
850:
1091:
550:, though such attacks usually involve sick animals or calves because healthy, adult bison can easily kill wolves with their hooves.
1549:
1575:
1649:
1639:
1593:
912:
820:
724:
690:
644:
1580:
1659:
714:
581:
889:
Effect of sociality and season on gray wolf (Canis lupus) foraging behavior: implications for estimating summer kill rate
1079:
1674:
1634:
1514:
1131:
1042:
988:
747:
802:
672:
626:
513:
401:
in reference to its geographic location rather than label it by its color, as it was too variable to warrant such.
154:
1124:
454:
is the most widespread member of the four gray wolf subspecies in North
America, with at least six different
1364:
1000:
394:
294:
1588:
928:
389:
1644:
1382:
1346:
372:
979:
1151:
519:
471:
352:
867:
1669:
954:
604:
1606:
169:
428:, each one representing a separate invasion into North America from distinct Eurasian ancestors.
810:
1476:
278:
980:
Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol.II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; wolves and Bears)
836:
1436:
1337:
764:"An account of the taxonomy of North American wolves from morphological and genetic analyses"
489:
20:
847:
680:
1536:
1400:
1095:
554:
887:
Metz, M. C., Vucetich, J. A., Smith, D. W., Stahler, D. R., & Peterson, R. O. (2011).
444:
populations as it advanced, a process which has continued until present times. Along with
8:
1455:
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634:
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535:
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437:
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418:
136:
1409:
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164:
907:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford. p. 88.
1523:
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1035:
984:
908:
826:
816:
743:
720:
696:
686:
650:
640:
1528:
775:
467:
522:, artificially relocated northwestern wolves have been well-documented feeding on
1654:
1355:
854:
606:
Fauna boreali-americana, or, The zoology of the northern parts of
British America
364:
1028:
1499:
1427:
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1623:
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356:
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830:
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1391:
1328:
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539:
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119:
1601:
1562:
1508:
1319:
1297:
1239:
1221:
780:
763:
480:
In comparison, the mean adult weights of its nearest rivals in size, the
371:, aside from prairie landscapes in its southern portions, as well as the
359:. Arguably the largest gray wolf subspecies in the world, it ranges from
45:
1554:
562:
531:
130:
at the
Grizzly and Wolf Discovery Center at West Yellowstone, Montana.
90:
55:
1567:
1181:
405:
255:
221:
181:
95:
1470:
466:
Northwestern wolves are one of the largest subspecies of wolves. In
1493:
1445:
1169:
393:(2005). The subspecies was first written of by Scottish naturalist
201:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
815:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 575–577.
685:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628.
553:
Wolves are present in
Canadian and British safari parks including
1187:
812:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
682:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
636:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
408:
analyses of North
American gray wolves show that there are three
231:
100:
75:
1541:
848:
Table listing the 1996 Northwestern wolves introduced into Idaho
1175:
1163:
661:
543:
360:
211:
191:
1194:
409:
241:
740:
The wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species
716:
The wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species
1201:
1148:
837:
https://books.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA576
1275:
1043:"Wolf -Bison Interactions in Yellowstone National Park"
761:
857:. Forwolves.org (2002-11-01). Retrieved on 2012-12-29.
546:. In the same national park, wolves also prey on
508:Wolves hunting bison in Yellowstone National Park
1621:
762:Chambers SM, Fain SR, Fazio B, Amaral M (2012).
639:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
599:
597:
595:
1146:
1021:
983:, Science Publishers, Inc. USA., pp. 184-187,
1132:
791:
592:
971:
383:This wolf is recognized as a subspecies of
1139:
1125:
977:Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N. P. (1998)
797:
757:
755:
734:
732:
667:
621:
145:
118:
993:
779:
742:, University of Minnesota Press, p. 352,
900:
503:
1665:Fauna of the Northwestern United States
752:
729:
1622:
952:
617:
615:
397:in 1829. He chose to give it the name
1630:NatureServe apparently secure species
1475:
1474:
1120:
609:, London : J. Murray , pp. 60-65
955:"The 10 Largest Wolves in the World"
612:
13:
14:
1686:
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499:
929:"How big is a northwestern wolf"
868:"YS 24-1 Yellowstone Wolf Facts"
514:History of wolves in Yellowstone
168:
43:
1084:
1073:
1049:
946:
921:
894:
881:
860:
1365:Northern Rocky Mountain wolf (
953:Sather, Patrick (2022-05-23).
841:
707:
574:
461:
1:
568:
1650:Mammals of the United States
1640:Carnivorans of North America
1383:Alexander Archipelago wolf (
1347:Vancouver Coastal Sea wolf (
1010:. Government of Canada. 2017
7:
1660:Wolves in the United States
390:Mammal Species of the World
387:in the taxonomic authority
378:
367:; southward throughout the
10:
1691:
1001:"Gray wolf (in the Yukon)"
933:amazing-animals-planet.com
901:Castellò, Josè R. (2018).
582:"Canis lupus occidentalis"
511:
373:Northwestern United States
369:western Canadian provinces
18:
1675:Mammals described in 1829
1635:Subspecies of Canis lupus
1483:
1310:
1212:
1158:
1045:. University of Nebraska.
891:. PLoS One, 6(3), e17332.
719:, Natural History Press,
520:Yellowstone National Park
472:Yellowstone National Park
404:According to one source,
309:
302:
284:
277:
165:Scientific classification
163:
143:
134:
126:
117:
41:Late Pleistocene–Holocene
30:
1515:Canis lupus occidentalis
1485:Canis lupus occidentalis
1338:British Columbian wolf (
1031:. National Park Service.
809:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
679:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
633:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
586:explorer.natureserve.org
336:Canis lupus occidentalis
288:Canis lupus occidentalis
34:Canis lupus occidentalis
19:Not to be confused with
1437:Alaskan Interior wolf (
1092:"Grey wolf- Parc Oméga"
870:. National Park Service
738:Mech, L. David (1981),
713:Mech, L. David (1970),
353:subspecies of gray wolf
270:C. l. occidentalis
1401:Mackenzie River wolf (
603:Richardson, J. (1829)
509:
365:Mackenzie River Valley
1456:Alaskan tundra wolf (
512:Further information:
507:
490:Interior Alaskan wolf
341:Mackenzie Valley wolf
339:), also known as the
21:Interior Alaskan wolf
1410:Baffin Island wolf (
1080:Canadian Timber Wolf
1057:"Longleat|Wolf Wood"
781:10.3996/nafa.77.0001
768:North American Fauna
349:Canadian timber wolf
16:Subspecies of mammal
1452:(taxonomy disputed)
1419:Northwestern wolf (
904:Canids of the World
395:Sir John Richardson
345:Alaskan timber wolf
137:Conservation status
1421:C. l. occidentalis
1061:www.longleat.co.uk
853:2019-06-07 at the
510:
452:C. l. occidentalis
434:Bering land bridge
430:C. l. occidentalis
414:C. l. occidentalis
321:(Richardson, 1829)
315:(Richardson, 1829)
151:Apparently Secure
128:C. l. occidentalis
1645:Mammals of Canada
1617:
1616:
1477:Taxon identifiers
1468:
1467:
1439:C. l. pambasileus
1376:C. l. labradorius
1356:Hudson Bay wolf (
1340:C. l. columbianus
1029:"Yellowstone Elk"
1008:Environment Yukon
914:978-0-691-17685-7
822:978-0-8018-8221-0
803:"Order Carnivora"
799:Wozencraft, W. C.
725:978-0-307-81913-0
692:978-0-8018-8221-0
673:"Order Carnivora"
669:Wozencraft, W. C.
646:978-0-8018-8221-0
627:"Order Carnivora"
623:Wozencraft, W. C.
494:C. l. pambasileus
412:corresponding to
331:northwestern wolf
327:
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31:Northwestern wolf
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1428:Greenland wolf (
1358:C. l. hudsonicus
1278:C. l. familiaris
1258:Himalayan wolf (
1249:Mongolian wolf (
1242:C. l. campestris
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1134:
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1094:. Archived from
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1458:C. l. tundrarum
1403:C. l. mackenzii
1374:Labrador wolf (
1367:C. l. irremotus
1349:C. l. crassodon
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1407:
1398:
1392:Eastern wolf (
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1329:Mexican wolf (
1326:
1316:
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1300:C. l. pallipes
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1276:Domestic dog (
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1320:Arctic wolf (
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1298:Indian wolf (
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442:C. l. nubilus
440:, displacing
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1430:C. l. orion
1291:C. l. lupus
1269:C. l. dingo
1233:C. l. arabs
1224:C. l. albus
536:black bears
532:bald eagles
486:C. l. lupus
462:Description
385:Canis lupus
355:in western
155:NatureServe
1624:Categories
1446:Red wolf (
1313:subspecies
1215:subspecies
1152:subspecies
1102:2017-01-23
1066:2022-08-06
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569:References
563:Parc Omega
488:) and the
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295:Richardson
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1200:Species:
1182:Carnivora
1162:Kingdom:
1149:gray wolf
250:Species:
222:Carnivora
188:Kingdom:
182:Eukaryota
1607:2.741246
1594:14000769
1500:Q3116028
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