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558:. In December 2020, 14 egg cells were retrieved from Fatu; eight of them were fertilised by the sperm of the dead northern white rhino Suni, resulting in two viable embryos. No egg cells were retrieved from Najin. As of February 2024, there are 30 northern white rhino embryos that have been created by BioRescue. The embryos are cryopreserved in labs in Berlin, Germany and Cremona, Italy. The BioRescue team plans to implant northern white rhino embryos in two southern white rhino surrogates by the end of 2024.
109:
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November 2009, two
Russian helicopter pilots reported seeing rhinoceroses in southern Sudan. It was assumed that the three rhinos that were spotted belonged to the northern white rhinoceros subspecies, as black rhinos had not lived in the area for a long time and southern white rhinos never lived in southern Sudan. However, as of August 2011, no other sightings have been reported, and this population is now considered to have probably gone extinct.
354:. According to the study, distinct morphological and genetic differences suggest the northern white rhinoceros and southern white rhinoceros have been separated for at least a million years. However, the results of this research were not universally accepted by other scientists. A study in 2016 concluded that the two populations diverged between 0.46 and 0.97 million years ago and found their
692:, got six northern white rhinos from Sudan and, in later years, two more from English zoos. One rhino from an English zoo arrived pregnant. The Dvůr Králové Zoo is the only zoo in the world where northern white rhinos birthed offspring, with the last calf being born in 2000; the current world population consists of their shared descendants.
529:. Subsequently, in the future, it might be possible to specifically mature the cells into specific cells such as neurons and muscle cells, in a similar way in which Katsuhiko Hayashi has grown mouse oocytes out of simple skin cells. The DNA of a dozen northern white rhinos has been preserved in genetic banks in Berlin and San Diego.
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was put to Najin and Fatu enclosure in Ol Pejeta to at least intercross the subspecies. To achieve this, both female northern white rhinos were separated from their male counterparts, which prevented them from producing a pure northern white rhino offspring. In 2015, however, tests conducted by Czech
702:
Nasima, a female wild born in Uganda in about 1965. She was transferred pregnant to Dvůr Králové Zoo from a faculty in
England. She was the mother of Nasi, Suni, Nabire, and Najin. She birthed four out of five Northern White Rhino calves born in captivity, making her the most fruitful Northern White
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and fertilise them. However, without consulting the Dvůr Králové Zoo, the semen of a southern white rhino was used instead of a northern white rhino, which the zoo considers a wasted opportunity. Nevertheless, the experiment showed that viable hybrid embryos of the northern and southern white rhino
634:
In June 2008, it was reported that the species may have gone extinct in the wild, since there has been no sighting of these four known remaining individuals since 2006, or of their signs since 2007, despite intensive systematic ground and aerial searches in 2008. One carcass has been found. On 28
501:
specialists revealed that neither of the females are "capable of natural reproduction". According to the director of the Dvůr Králové Zoo, it was possible Najin became pregnant but miscarried shortly thereafter, which resulted in pathological changes in her uterus, preventing another impregnation.
445:
with access to a 400 by 400 metres (1,300 ft × 1,300 ft) paddock area, allowing them to acclimatize to their new surroundings. Ol Pejeta provides 24-hour armed security for the rhino enclosure. To prevent any unnecessary injuries they might inflict on each other while interacting in
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in Kenya, Africa. They arrived at the conservancy after an air and road trip on 20 December 2009, along with two male northern white rhinos from the Dvůr Králové Zoo, Suni and Sudan. However, Suni, a male born at Dvůr Králové Zoo in 1980, died from natural causes in Ol Pejeta
Conservancy in 2014.
706:
Saut, a male caught from the wild in Sudan in 1975 at about 3 years of age. He was the father of Suni and Fatu. He was loaned to San Diego Zoo Safari Park by Dvůr Králové Zoo from 1989 until 1998 when he was returned to Dvůr Králové Zoo. He mated with females at both faculties. He died in August
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The female named Nabire stayed in Dvůr Králové Zoo, because, as Jan
Stejskal, a projects coordinator at the zoo, stated, "she is no longer capable of breeding naturally. But it seems she has one healthy ovary and this could provide us with material from which to create an embryo in artificial
618:
In
January 2005, the government of the DRC approved a two-part plan for five northern white rhinos to be moved from Garamba National Park to a wildlife sanctuary in Kenya. The second part commits the government and its international partners to increase conservation efforts in Garamba, so the
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their fenced area, and give their horns an opportunity to regrow to a natural shape (as their front horns had grown bent by much rubbing against enclosure bars in captivity), all the rhinos were sedated and their horns were sawn off. This also made them less vulnerable to the
470:
Until 2011, the progress of this attempt at saving the northern white rhinoceros was documented on the initiative's website; and their life in Ol Pejeta
Conservancy is commented on the Conservancy's website. Several documentaries are in the works, including an episode of
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in 1975 at about 3 years of age. He was the father of Najin and Nabire. In March 2018, his state seriously deteriorated despite intensive care, due to a recurrent infection in his right hind leg, and he was euthanized on 19 March 2018. He was the last known male of the
853:
In 2016, it was reported that scientists were exploring alternatives (such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer) to develop northern white rhino embryos and implant them in female southern white rhinos at the San Diego Zoo.
311:, since 19 March 2018, there are only two known rhinos of this subspecies left, named Najin and Fatu, both of which are female; barring the existence of unknown or misclassified male northern white rhinos elsewhere in Africa, this makes the subspecies
602:
Poachers reduced their population from 500 to 15 in the 1970s and 1980s. From the early 1990s through mid-2003, the population recovered to more than 32 animals. Since mid-2003, poaching has intensified and further reduced the wild population.
759:. Hoping to stimulate the rhinos' sexual appetite, the zoo decided to send them back into their natural habitat in Kenya. The agreement with the Kenyan government expects the rhinos never to be returned to the Czech Republic.
720:
Suni, a male born at Dvůr Králové Zoo on 8 June 1980. He was the half-brother of Najin and Fatu, but through different parents. His mother was Nasima and his father was Saut. He had mated while in zoos, and was transferred to
549:
were viable. In
January 2020, it was announced that another embryo was created using the same techniques; all three embryos are from Fatu. These embryos are being stored in liquid nitrogen until they can be placed into a
626:
and the
African Rhino Specialist Group (ARSG) had only found four animals, a solitary adult male and a group of one adult male and two adult females. They were the last known wild northern white rhinos, according to the
540:
of a northern white rhino as part of a project by the
Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Dvůr Králové Zoo, Kenya Wildlife Service, and Avantea. In September 2019, scientists announced that they fertilized
716:
Nasi, a female born at Dvůr Králové Zoo on 11 November 1977. Her mother was Nasima and her father was a southern white rhino, which made her a northern and southern white rhino hybrid. She died in 2008, aged about
462:
Since May 2010, the northern white rhino male Sudan was moved from the initial holding pens to a much larger 700-acre (2.8 km) semiwild enclosure. There he roamed among many
African animals, including several
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have been installed to allow closer monitoring of their whereabouts. They are protected round-the-clock by armed guards. Poachers have been selling their horns for $ 110,000 per kilogram ($ 50,000 per pound).
394:
2682:
350:, a study in 2010 suggested the northern white rhinoceros may be an altogether different species, rather than a subspecies of white rhinoceros, in which case its correct scientific name would be
475:
titled "Return of the African Titans" for Oasis HD Canada in fall 2010, and a follow-up half-hour episode to follow. This translocation was also the subject of a special edition of the BBC's
3148:
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3534:
2683:"Comparison of whole mitochondrial genome sequences of northern and southern white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum): the conservation consequences of species definitions"
643:
At the beginning of 2015, the fully captive northern white rhino population consisted of only two animals maintained in two zoological institutions: in the United States (
3887:
842:, a female caught from the wild in Sudan in 1975 at about 1 year of age, which was on loan since 1989 from Dvůr Králové Zoo. She died on 22 November 2015 at about age 41.
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Nadi, a female caught from the wild in Sudan in 1975 at about 3 years of age, which was on loan since 1989 from Dvůr Králové Zoo. She died on 30 May 2007 at about age 35.
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but the insemination attempts were unsuccessful. The only reproductive animals of this subspecies were transported to Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya.
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335:
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Joyce, a female caught from the wild in Sudan in 1957 at about 5 years of age, which arrived from another U.S. zoo in 1972. She died in 1996.
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Lucy, a female caught from the wild in Sudan in 1956 at about 4 years of age, which arrived from another U.S. zoo in 1972. She died in 1979.
807:
Dinka, a male caught from the wild in Sudan in 1957 at about 5 years of age, which arrived from another U.S. zoo in 1972. He died in 1974.
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810:
Bill, a male caught from the wild in Sudan in 1956 at about 4 years of age, which arrived from another U.S. zoo in 1972. He died in 1975.
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Ben, a male wild born in Africa in about 1951. He was transferred to Dvůr Králové Zoo from a faculty in England and died 25 June 1990.
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Nabire, born at Dvůr Králové Zoo on 15 November 1983. Her mother was Nasima and her father was Sudan. She died on 27 July 2015.
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takes 16 to 18 months, so in January 2014 the Conservancy considered Najin not pregnant, and a male southern white rhino from
358:
to be 1.8 % divergent. Based on these findings, the study concluded that classification as a subspecies was appropriate.
4469:
4383:
3294:"Happy end to a challenging year: Two new northern white rhino embryos created at Christmas – now there are five | Biorescue"
4443:
4145:
4018:
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On 25 April 2012, and on 27 May 2012, Suni and Najin mated. Pregnancy of the female rhinos was monitored weekly. Rhinoceros
3466:"Status of northern white rhinos and elephants in Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo, during the wars"
441:
After the transport, the four rhinos were under constant watch by specialists and staff and lived in specially constructed
3048:
4045:"International studbook for the African white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum (Burchell, 1817), 01.01.2001 Ninth edition"
3866:
2981:
2880:
832:, a male caught from the wild in Sudan in 1973 at about 1 year of age, which was on loan since 1990 from Khartoum Zoo in
710:
Nuri, a female caught from the wild in Sudan in 1975 at about 3 years of age. She died on 4 January 1982, aged about 10.
4584:
3490:
2919:
4248:
4216:
3627:
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655:). However, both of them died later the same year, and no zoo in the world has any northern white rhinos any longer.
3190:"Je velmi pravděpodobné, že se Sudánovi narodí potomek. Uchováme jeho kostru i kůži, říká ředitel zoo - Aktuálně.cz"
414:
Najin, a female, was born in captivity in 1989. She is the mother of Fatu. Her mother was Nasima and her father was
4482:
3980:
Last Chance to Survive: Northern White Rhino Conservation Project. Frequently Asked Questions. Northern white rhino
3542:
3319:
584:
4071:"International studbook for the white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum (Burchell 1817), vol. 12 (status 31.12.2011)"
713:
Nesari, a female caught from the wild in Sudan in 1975 at about 3 years of age. She died in 2011 at the age of 39.
338:(IUCN) assessment from 2020, the subspecies is considered "Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild)."
2865:
3350:
4217:
There are 2 northern white rhinos left worldwide. Scientists created embryos to save the animal from extinction
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females and many plains animals. On 26 October 2011, the females were coaxed into the larger enclosure.
3750:
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conditions." Efforts to do so began in autumn 2014. Immediately after the death of Nabire in 2015, her
628:
619:
northern white rhinos can be returned when it is safe again. However, the translocation did not occur.
3794:
3269:"There are 2 northern white rhinos left worldwide. Scientists have created embryos to save the animal"
4574:
4569:
2784:
2782:
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300:
42:
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2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
4167:
2730:
2624:"The sixth rhino: A taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros"
819:
Saut, a male caught from the wild in Sudan in 1975 at about 3 years of age, which was on loan from
725:
in 2009. Some of his sperm was collected and frozen. On 17 October 2014, he died of natural causes.
623:
580:
533:
4305:
3724:"Dvůr Králové Zoo spearheading international efforts to save northern white rhino from extinction"
3465:
3411:
2847:
2788:
2549:
1636:
1565:
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1535:
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1508:
1481:
1462:
1454:
1435:
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are possible through IVF, as well as a path to the creation of pure northern white rhino embryos.
681:
674:
663:
652:
518:
426:
316:
3833:
The Sixth Rhino: A Taxonomic Re-Assessment of the Critically Endangered Northern White Rhinoceros
3203:
2745:
4096:
3164:
421:
Fatu, also a female, was born in captivity in 2000. Her mother is Najin and her father was Saut.
4345:
3027:
756:
217:
347:
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829:
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612:
434:
324:
70:
38:
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2635:
514:
375:
A northern white rhinoceros near the equator during translocation to Ol Pejeta Conservancy.
312:
4456:
3473:
Pachyderm Journal of the African Elephant, African Rhino and Asian Rhino Specialist Groups
8:
4564:
4005:
Samice nosorožce bílého Nola je nemocná. Patří k posledním zvířatům svého druhu | Příroda
3509:
Reprieve planned for Garamba's rhinos: extra efforts promised to safeguard their homeland
521:, and Dvůr Králové Zoo developed a plan to reproduce northern white rhinos using natural
510:
244:
55:
2701:
2639:
532:
In August 2019, ten egg cells (five from Najin and five from Fatu) were harvested to be
2658:
2623:
1282:
731:
455:
415:
383:
307:
woodlands. Formerly found in several countries in East and Central Africa south of the
103:
2681:
Harley, Eric H.; de Waal, Margaretha; Murray, Shane; O'Ryan, Colleen (December 2016).
4490:
4244:
3696:
3623:
3351:"An Inside Look at the Embryo Transplant That May Help Save the Northern White Rhino"
2663:
1338:
839:
355:
30:
4320:
4278:
3991:
2522:
4522:
4300:
3914:
V Itálii oplodnili vajíčka uhynulé nosorožčí samice, ale špatným semenem – iDNES.cz
3390:
3204:"Reproduction, stem cell researchers set up a rescue plan for Northern White Rhino"
2705:
2653:
2643:
2544:
442:
296:
234:
194:
3828:
3826:
3494:
3320:"Just two northern white rhinos are left on Earth. A new breakthrough offers hope"
4234:
4119:
4117:
3870:
3646:
3152:
3133:
3114:
3080:
2985:
2884:
2648:
2597:
846:
The San Diego Wild Animal Park provided Angalifu's semen to female rhinos at the
743:
Dvůr Králové Zoo sent Suni, Sudan and two females, which are still alive, to the
486:
451:
4368:
3823:
3049:"Last Chance to Save the Northern White Rhino" (2014) Lewa Wildlife Conservancy
689:
648:
430:
320:
160:
46:
4114:
3864:
Four of the World's Last Known Eight Northern White Rhinos Come Home to Africa
3863:
3395:
3378:
2978:
2877:
2709:
2493:"A northern white rhino has died. There are now five left in the entire world"
4553:
4451:
4291:
3777:
3674:
Rare rhino dies at Czech zoo, leaving just four northern white rhino on Earth
2535:
180:
76:
4329:
And then there were two: can northern white rhinos be saved from extinction?
3945:"Pro záchranu nosorožců mají vědci dostatek genetických zdrojů - Novinky.cz"
3745:
Královédvorská zoo spouští unikátní projekt na záchranu vzácných nosorožců –
371:
4332:
3727:
3245:
2667:
2571:
1617:
1591:
1213:
622:
In August 2005, ground and aerial surveys conducted under the direction of
537:
3179:. Ol Pejeta Conservancy (20 December 2009). Retrieved on 27 November 2015.
3002:
At home with the world's last male northern white rhinoceros | Environment
4425:
4394:
4377:
1125:
1098:
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919:
669:
611:
The last known surviving population of wild northern white rhinos was in
576:
482:
4404:
4168:"With 1 male left worldwide, northern white rhinos under guard 24 hours"
3127:"Ol Pejeta's Northern White Rhinos to Embark on Plan B" (7 January 2014)
4536:
4417:
3927:"IVF may bring northern white rhinos back from the brink of extinction"
3692:"Nola, a northern white rhino at San Diego Zoo's Safari Park, has died"
3020:"Horny male seeks mate: Kenya's last northern white rhino joins Tinder"
1187:
797:
545:
the eggs with frozen sperm taken from dead males; two of the resulting
292:
170:
4430:
4271:
3768:. Public Broadcasting Service (28 July 2016) Retrieved 31 August 2017.
2868:. Olpejetaconservancy.org (20 December 2009). Retrieved 16 April 2015.
4240:
3874:
3060:"Return of the Rhino". BBC, 2010, first aired on 31 October 2010, on
2888:
2598:"Northern white rhinos: The audacious plan that could save a species"
793:
588:
551:
493:
120:
4339:
2727:"Last Chance to Survive – Northern White Rhino Conservation Project"
871:
List of known northern white rhinoceros in captivity (updated 2011)
571:
The northern white rhino formerly ranged over parts of northwestern
4516:
4362:
3888:"Zoo se snaží rozmnožit nosorožce, samici Nabiré zavěsili na jeřáb"
2841:
2839:
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2827:
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2823:
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2819:
2817:
1226:
833:
776:
596:
542:
447:
140:
4126:. theguardian.org. (20 December 2009) Retrieved 11 September 2017.
3136:. Ol Pejeta Conservancy (7 January 2014). Retrieved 16 April 2015.
2815:
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2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2789:
Breeding Experience With Northern White Rhinos At Zoo Dvur Kralove
857:
3266:
3146:"Male Southern White Rhino Introduced in Endangered Species Boma"
2937:
772:
304:
3566:"News | Poachers kill last four wild northern white rhinos"
3222:"One step closer to saving northern white rhino from extinction"
1654:
Northern White Rhino Population by Location and Year, 1909–2019
410:
There are now only two northern white rhinos left in the world:
2794:
1261:
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965:
768:
572:
546:
522:
308:
150:
130:
4019:"Bringing Northern White Rhinos Back From Brink of Extinction"
3074:
Hope for the northern white rhinos Suni and Najin mate; Twice!
3847:"Health of world's last male northern white rhino in decline"
3527:
3379:"The past and present distribution of some African ungulates"
2680:
1609:
1583:
1427:
1400:
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1346:
1317:
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1205:
1179:
1071:
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1019:
992:
938:
911:
764:
735:
328:
93:
87:
3771:
3649:. Back to Africa (20 December 2009). Retrieved 7 April 2013.
3241:"'Amazing': New embryo made of nearly extinct rhino species"
438:
Sudan, caught from the wild in 1975, died on 19 March 2018.
3355:
3061:
747:
in Kenya on 19 December 2009 in a joint effort by the zoo,
592:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3098:. Al Jazeera.com (4 January 2013). Retrieved 7 April 2013.
2850:[Expecting the Rarest Offspring of the Year 2000]
823:
from 1989 to 1998. He died in August 2006 at about age 33.
3324:
3272:
454:
is what the poachers are after. In place of their horns,
403:
386:
translocated to Ol Pejeta was living in a semiwild state.
3669:
3667:
2848:
Narodí se ve Dvoře Králové nejvzácnější mládě roku 2000?
866:
Timeline of known northern white rhinoceros in captivity
3783:
3676:. The Guardian (28 July 2015) Retrieved 31 August 2017.
3267:
Faith Karimi and Bethlehem Feleke (12 September 2019).
3167:. Ol Pejeta Conservancy. Retrieved on 27 November 2015.
703:
in captivity to date. She died in 1992 at about age 27.
4195:"Sudan, the last male northern white rhino has passed"
3661:. Novinky.cz (3 January 2010). Retrieved 7 April 2013.
2621:
4138:"White rhino dies in Czech zoo, seven left worldwide"
3809:"White rhino dies in Czech zoo, seven left worldwide"
3664:
3970:. North County Times (11 June 2007) via Web Archive.
3096:
Meeting the Northern white rhinos – Al Jazeera Blogs
450:
that drove their species to near extinction, as the
4321:
An older list of northern white rhinos in captivity
4215:Faith Karimi; Bethlehem Feleke (12 September 2019)
2791:. Zoo Dvur Kralove (1990) Retrieved 31 August 2017.
3797:. Rhinoresourcecenter.com. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
3603:Poachers kill last four wild northern white rhinos
3463:
3916:. Hradec.idnes.cz. Retrieved on 24 November 2015.
2622:Groves, C.P.; Fernando, P.; Robovský, J. (2010).
2487:
2485:
2483:
303:). This subspecies is a grazer in grasslands and
256: Extant and assisted colonisation (Resident)
4551:
3383:Transactions of the Zoological Society of London
775:, Italy. The laboratory was able to extract two
3780:. CNN (2 March 1996). Retrieved 31 August 2017.
3659:V Súdánu objevili téměř vyhynulé bílé nosorožce
3640:An alternative approach to species conservation
2930:
2928:
2891:Conservancy website, Saturday, 23 December 2009
858:List of known captive northern white rhinoceros
800:, had eight wild-caught northern white rhinos.
771:was removed and transferred to a laboratory in
587:. Their range possibly extended as far west as
4124:Final hope: four white rhinos shipped to Kenya
3835:. journals.plos.org. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
3514:
2952:
2899:
2897:
2480:
836:. He died on 14 December 2014 at about age 42.
336:International Union for Conservation of Nature
4306:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4183A45813838.en
3994:. .rozhlas.cz. Retrieved on 24 November 2015.
3620:The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion
3108:"A Day in the Life of a Northern White Rhino"
2915:
2913:
2845:
2595:
2550:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4183A45813838.en
481:, titled "Return of the Rhino", presented by
4007:. Rozhlas.cz. Retrieved on 24 November 2015.
3717:
3715:
3412:"The Rhinos of the Central African Republic"
2955:"Last male northern white rhino is put down"
2925:
2905:The Death Of Suni, A Rhino Conservation Icon
783:
4560:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
4042:
3738:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3618:Skinner, J.D. and Smithers, R.H.N. (1990).
3051:. Web.archive.org. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
2894:
561:
331:where they are protected by armed guards.
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3960:
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3376:
2948:
2946:
2910:
2846:Holečková, Dana & Tomášová, Kristina.
2615:
2520:
615:, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
243:
64:
41:, a male northern white rhinoceros at the
29:
4304:
4232:
4186:
4068:
3712:
3464:Smith, Kes Hillman (July–December 2001).
3394:
3155:. Ol Pejeta Conservancy. 12 February 2014
3083:. olpejetaconservancy.org (11 June 2012).
2878:Northern White Rhinos Arrive on Ol Pejeta
2721:
2719:
2674:
2657:
2647:
2548:
4243:: SPB Academic Publishing. p. 409.
4010:
3806:
3795:The Rhino Resource Center – Rhino Images
3721:
3679:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3445:Rhino Information – Northern White Rhino
3409:
2953:Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (20 March 2018).
861:
662:
606:
509:At the end of 2015, scientists from the
504:
389:
378:
370:
366:
3955:
3844:
3734:from the original on 26 September 2014.
3722:Lazarová, Daniela (25 September 2014).
3612:
3522:West African black rhino feared extinct
2943:
2907:. Thedodo.com. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
406:report about the last three individuals
4552:
4192:
4016:
3747:. Novinky.cz. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
3622:, Cambridge University Press, p. 567,
3443:International Rhino Foundation. 2002.
3439:
3437:
3435:
3370:
3348:
3317:
2922:. Novinky.cz. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
2716:
2589:
315:. The two female rhinos belong to the
49:at the age of 44 on 14 December 2014.
4580:Critically endangered fauna of Africa
4344:
4343:
3845:Torchia, Christopher (1 March 2018).
3588:
3563:
3557:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3344:
3342:
3117:. Ol Pejeta Conservancy. 11 June 2013
3091:
3089:
2935:"Last male northern white rhino dead"
638:
4135:
3501:
3238:
2920:Vzácný nosorožec Suni sešel stářím –
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
667:A northern white rhinoceros with an
4292:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3877:website, Saturday, 19 December 2009
3432:
3017:
2536:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1648:
658:
13:
4226:
4089:
4003:Kohoutová, Kateřina (13 May 2015)
3778:Breeding rhinos: Not an easy chore
3633:
3450:
3349:Kluger, Jeremy (25 January 2024).
3339:
3086:
566:
14:
4596:
4265:
4193:Njehia, Jackson (20 March 2018).
4017:Morrow, Chris (5 February 2016).
3912:Tůmová, Štěpánka (4 August 2015)
3807:Johnston, Raymond (2 June 2011).
3493:. 7 December 2014. Archived from
2903:Gap, Frontier. (27 October 2014)
2854:(Report) (in Czech). p. 184.
2503:
3491:"White rhino - Mammals of Papua"
3318:Almond, Kyle (27 January 2024).
3008:. Retrieved on 27 November 2015.
585:Democratic Republic of the Congo
384:One of the northern white rhinos
361:
107:
4209:
4129:
4062:
4036:
3997:
3992:Severní bílí nosorožci v zajetí
3985:
3973:
3968:Northern white rhinos in danger
3937:
3919:
3906:
3880:
3857:
3838:
3800:
3652:
3483:
3403:
3311:
3286:
3260:
3232:
3214:
3196:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3139:
3120:
3101:
3067:
3054:
3042:
3011:
2995:
2972:
2871:
2859:
2596:Clare Spencer (13 April 2020).
513:for Zoo and Wildlife Research,
73:, possibly extinct in the wild
3239:Anna, Cara (15 January 2020).
2979:Northern White Rhinos Progress
2564:
527:induced pluripotent stem cells
16:Subspecies of white rhinoceros
1:
3564:Smith, Lewis (17 June 2008).
2940:. Retrieved on 20 March 2018.
2473:
749:Fauna and Flora International
3601:Smith, Lewis (17 June 2008)
3165:And then there were three...
2649:10.1371/journal.pone.0009703
1161:Zoological Society of London
348:phylogenetic species concept
7:
4384:Ceratotherium simum cottoni
4354:Ceratotherium simum cottoni
4236:The Rhinoceros in Captivity
341:
288:Ceratotherium simum cottoni
227:Ceratotherium simum cottoni
10:
4601:
3894:(in Czech). 8 October 2014
803:Former residents include:
734:, caught from the wild in
695:Former residents include:
629:World Wide Fund for Nature
24:Northern white rhinoceros
4585:Mammals described in 1908
4506:
4352:
3982:. olpejetaconservancy.org
3507:IUCN. (25 January 2005).
3396:10.1017/S0030605300006815
2856:Retrieved 31 August 2017.
2710:10.1007/s10592-016-0861-2
1783:Central African Republic
1409:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
1355:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
1243:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
1134:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
1107:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
1028:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
1001:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
790:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
784:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
645:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
525:of the living rhinos and
498:Lewa Wildlife Conservancy
301:southern white rhinoceros
279:northern white rhinoceros
251:
242:
223:
216:
104:Scientific classification
102:
85:
62:
53:
43:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
37:
28:
23:
4508:Rhinoceros simus cottoni
4233:Rookmaker, L.C. (1998).
3572:. London. Archived from
624:African Parks Foundation
581:Central African Republic
562:Recently deceased rhinos
534:artificially inseminated
425:They both belong to the
334:According to the latest
3419:Rhinoresourcecenter.com
3132:14 January 2014 at the
3079:6 November 2012 at the
1845:Dem. Republic of Congo
4097:"The White Rhinoceros"
3535:"Northern White Rhino"
3151:9 October 2014 at the
867:
757:Kenya Wildlife Service
686:Dvůr Králové nad Labem
677:
579:, the eastern part of
407:
387:
376:
270: Possibly extinct
4272:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
4075:Rhino Resource Center
4049:Rhino Resource Center
3869:30 March 2010 at the
3766:Northern white rhinos
3524:. Gland, Switzerland.
3520:IUCN. (6 July 2006).
3511:. Gland, Switzerland.
3177:Northern white rhinos
3113:6 August 2013 at the
2990:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
2984:27 March 2010 at the
2883:29 March 2010 at the
2866:Northern White Rhinos
2690:Conservation Genetics
1490:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
1299:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
865:
745:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
723:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
707:2006, aged around 33.
666:
613:Garamba National Park
607:Garamba National Park
519:Tiergarten Schönbrunn
505:Assisted reproduction
435:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
401:
382:
374:
367:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
356:mitochondrial genomes
352:Ceratotherium cottoni
325:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
299:(the other being the
71:Critically endangered
4299:: e.T4183A45813838.
3645:4 March 2016 at the
3018:Houreld, Katharine.
2572:"Appendices | CITES"
2543:: e.T4183A45813838.
2345:Other zoo faculties
2157:Khartoum Zoo, Sudan
556:southern white rhino
515:San Diego Zoo Global
465:southern white rhino
313:functionally extinct
283:northern white rhino
45:. Angalifu died of
4281:Ceratotherium simum
4277:Emslie, R. (2020).
4136:Johnston, Raymond.
3966:Eastman, Q. (2007)
3497:on 7 December 2014.
3447:. 19 September 2006
3377:Sydney, J. (1965).
3210:. 22 December 2015.
2702:2016ConG...17.1285H
2640:2010PLoSO...5.9703G
2525:Ceratotherium simum
2521:Emslie, R. (2020).
2499:. 15 December 2014.
2497:The Washington Post
2283:San Diego Zoo, USA
2221:Conservancy, Kenya
1655:
1080:Riyadh National Zoo
1054:Riyadh National Zoo
872:
583:, and northeastern
56:Conservation status
4336:. 14 January 2021.
3951:. 7 November 2018.
3700:. 22 November 2015
2992:(15 January 2010).
2733:on 24 October 2014
1653:
870:
868:
751:, Back to Africa,
678:
673:-like horn at the
639:Captive population
485:and the zoologist
478:Last Chance to See
456:radio transmitters
408:
388:
377:
209:C. s. cottoni
4547:
4546:
4491:Open Tree of Life
4346:Taxon identifiers
4043:Dr Andreas Ochs.
3892:Mladá fronta DNES
3819:on 13 April 2014.
3697:Los Angeles Times
3539:Worldwildlife.org
2468:
2467:
2093:Dvůr Králové Zoo,
1646:
1645:
511:Leibniz Institute
473:Ol Pejeta Diaries
399:
275:
274:
97:
80:
4592:
4575:Mammals of Sudan
4570:Mammals of Kenya
4540:
4539:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4499:
4498:
4486:
4485:
4473:
4472:
4460:
4459:
4447:
4446:
4434:
4433:
4421:
4420:
4408:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4341:
4340:
4325:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4308:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4220:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4148:on 13 April 2014
4144:. Archived from
4133:
4127:
4121:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4101:diglib1.amnh.org
4093:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4014:
4008:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3964:
3953:
3952:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3923:
3917:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3884:
3878:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3815:. Archived from
3804:
3798:
3792:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3688:
3677:
3671:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3637:
3631:
3616:
3610:
3599:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3541:. Archived from
3531:
3525:
3518:
3512:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3470:
3461:
3448:
3441:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3192:. 20 March 2018.
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3143:
3137:
3124:
3118:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3084:
3071:
3065:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3030:on 25 April 2017
3026:. Archived from
3015:
3009:
2999:
2993:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2917:
2908:
2901:
2892:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2843:
2792:
2786:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2729:. Archived from
2723:
2714:
2713:
2696:(6): 1285–1291.
2687:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2651:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2518:
2501:
2500:
2489:
1656:
1652:
1649:Population chart
1637:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1566:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1558:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1536:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1517:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1509:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1482:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1463:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1455:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1436:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1382:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1326:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1270:Dvůr Králové Zoo
974:Dvůr Králové Zoo
873:
869:
848:Dvůr Králové Zoo
821:Dvůr Králové Zoo
682:Dvůr Králové Zoo
675:Dvůr Králové Zoo
659:Dvůr Králové Zoo
653:Dvůr Králové Zoo
552:surrogate mother
427:Dvůr Králové Zoo
400:
323:but live in the
317:Dvůr Králové Zoo
297:white rhinoceros
291:) is one of two
269:
268:
261:
255:
247:
229:
112:
111:
91:
74:
68:
67:
33:
21:
20:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4535:
4530:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4502:
4494:
4489:
4481:
4476:
4468:
4463:
4455:
4450:
4442:
4437:
4429:
4424:
4416:
4411:
4403:
4401:
4393:
4391:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4348:
4323:
4311:
4309:
4268:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4229:
4227:Further reading
4224:
4223:
4214:
4210:
4200:
4198:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4174:. 16 April 2015
4166:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4134:
4130:
4122:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4080:
4078:
4069:Joe Christman.
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4041:
4037:
4027:
4025:
4023:Huffington Post
4015:
4011:
4002:
3998:
3990:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3871:Wayback Machine
3862:
3858:
3843:
3839:
3831:
3824:
3805:
3801:
3793:
3784:
3776:
3772:
3764:
3751:
3743:
3739:
3720:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3690:
3689:
3680:
3672:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3647:Wayback Machine
3638:
3634:
3617:
3613:
3600:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3576:on 29 June 2011
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3519:
3515:
3506:
3502:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3468:
3462:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3414:
3408:
3404:
3375:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3347:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3237:
3233:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3153:Wayback Machine
3144:
3140:
3134:Wayback Machine
3125:
3121:
3115:Wayback Machine
3106:
3102:
3094:
3087:
3081:Wayback Machine
3072:
3068:
3059:
3055:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3016:
3012:
3000:
2996:
2986:Wayback Machine
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2951:
2944:
2933:
2926:
2918:
2911:
2902:
2895:
2885:Wayback Machine
2876:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2851:
2844:
2795:
2787:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2519:
2504:
2491:
2490:
2481:
2476:
2220:
2095:Czech Republic
2094:
1651:
894:Place of death
888:Place of birth
860:
786:
661:
641:
609:
569:
567:Wild population
564:
507:
487:Mark Carwardine
390:
369:
364:
344:
271:
266:
265:
263:
259:
257:
253:
238:
231:
225:
212:
198:
106:
98:
81:
69:
65:
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4598:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4528:
4512:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4487:
4474:
4461:
4448:
4435:
4422:
4409:
4399:
4389:
4374:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4338:
4337:
4326:
4318:
4274:
4267:
4266:External links
4264:
4263:
4262:
4249:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4208:
4185:
4159:
4142:Czech Position
4128:
4113:
4088:
4061:
4035:
4009:
3996:
3984:
3972:
3954:
3936:
3933:. 5 July 2018.
3918:
3905:
3879:
3856:
3837:
3822:
3813:Czech Position
3799:
3782:
3770:
3749:
3737:
3711:
3678:
3663:
3651:
3632:
3611:
3587:
3556:
3545:on 5 June 2011
3526:
3513:
3500:
3482:
3449:
3431:
3410:C.A. Spinage.
3402:
3369:
3338:
3310:
3285:
3259:
3231:
3213:
3195:
3181:
3169:
3157:
3138:
3119:
3100:
3085:
3066:
3053:
3041:
3024:af.reuters.com
3010:
2994:
2971:
2942:
2924:
2909:
2893:
2870:
2858:
2793:
2744:
2715:
2673:
2614:
2588:
2563:
2502:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:
998:
995:
990:
987:
984:
981:
977:
976:
971:
968:
963:
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:
944:
941:
936:
933:
930:
927:
923:
922:
917:
914:
909:
906:
903:
900:
896:
895:
892:
891:Date of death
889:
886:
885:Date of birth
883:
880:
877:
859:
856:
844:
843:
837:
827:
824:
817:
814:
811:
808:
785:
782:
741:
740:
729:
726:
718:
714:
711:
708:
704:
700:
690:Czech Republic
660:
657:
649:Czech Republic
640:
637:
608:
605:
568:
565:
563:
560:
506:
503:
433:, but live in
431:Czech Republic
423:
422:
419:
368:
365:
363:
360:
346:Following the
343:
340:
321:Czech Republic
273:
272:
264:
258:
252:
249:
248:
240:
239:
232:
221:
220:
218:Trinomial name
214:
213:
206:
204:
200:
199:
192:
190:
186:
185:
178:
174:
173:
171:Rhinocerotidae
168:
164:
163:
161:Perissodactyla
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
100:
99:
86:
83:
82:
63:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
47:natural causes
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4597:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4322:
4319:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4252:
4250:90-5103-134-3
4246:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4218:
4212:
4196:
4189:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4024:
4020:
4013:
4006:
4000:
3993:
3988:
3981:
3976:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3932:
3931:The Economist
3928:
3922:
3915:
3909:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3860:
3852:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3779:
3774:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3746:
3741:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3716:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3660:
3655:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3629:
3628:0-521-84418-5
3625:
3621:
3615:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3523:
3517:
3510:
3504:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3478:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3345:
3343:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3314:
3299:
3298:Biorescue.org
3295:
3289:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3209:
3208:Science Daily
3205:
3199:
3191:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3063:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2947:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2867:
2862:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:2,000–3,000*
2409:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1724:2,000–3,000*
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
951:
948:
945:
942:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
924:
921:
918:
915:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
897:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
874:
864:
855:
851:
849:
841:
838:
835:
831:
828:
825:
822:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
805:
804:
801:
799:
795:
791:
781:
778:
774:
770:
766:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
737:
733:
730:
727:
724:
719:
715:
712:
709:
705:
701:
698:
697:
696:
693:
691:
687:
684:, located in
683:
680:In 1975, the
676:
672:
671:
665:
656:
654:
650:
646:
636:
632:
630:
625:
620:
616:
614:
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
559:
557:
554:, probably a
553:
548:
544:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
502:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
479:
474:
468:
466:
460:
457:
453:
449:
444:
439:
436:
432:
428:
420:
417:
413:
412:
411:
405:
385:
381:
373:
362:Living rhinos
359:
357:
353:
349:
339:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
262: Extinct
250:
246:
241:
236:
230:
228:
222:
219:
215:
211:
210:
205:
202:
201:
197:
196:
195:C. simum
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
182:Ceratotherium
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
110:
105:
101:
95:
89:
84:
78:
72:
61:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4507:
4353:
4333:The Guardian
4331:
4310:. Retrieved
4296:
4290:
4284:
4280:
4254:. Retrieved
4235:
4211:
4199:. Retrieved
4188:
4178:11 September
4176:. Retrieved
4171:
4162:
4152:11 September
4150:. Retrieved
4146:the original
4141:
4131:
4104:. Retrieved
4100:
4091:
4079:. Retrieved
4074:
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4048:
4038:
4026:. Retrieved
4022:
4012:
3999:
3987:
3975:
3948:
3939:
3930:
3921:
3908:
3896:. Retrieved
3891:
3882:
3859:
3850:
3840:
3817:the original
3812:
3802:
3773:
3740:
3728:Radio Prague
3702:. Retrieved
3695:
3654:
3635:
3619:
3614:
3606:
3578:. Retrieved
3574:the original
3569:
3559:
3547:. Retrieved
3543:the original
3538:
3529:
3516:
3503:
3495:the original
3485:
3476:
3472:
3422:. Retrieved
3418:
3405:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3360:. Retrieved
3354:
3329:. Retrieved
3323:
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3297:
3288:
3278:12 September
3276:. Retrieved
3262:
3250:. Retrieved
3246:Star Tribune
3244:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3184:
3172:
3160:
3141:
3122:
3103:
3069:
3056:
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3028:the original
3023:
3013:
3006:The Guardian
3005:
2997:
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2959:The Guardian
2958:
2873:
2861:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:the original
2693:
2689:
2676:
2634:(4): e9703.
2631:
2627:
2617:
2605:. Retrieved
2601:
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2575:
2566:
2554:. Retrieved
2540:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2496:
2469:
1907:South Sudan
1618:Khartoum Zoo
1592:Khartoum Zoo
1214:Khartoum Zoo
852:
845:
802:
787:
761:
742:
694:
679:
668:
642:
633:
621:
617:
610:
601:
570:
538:frozen sperm
531:
508:
491:
476:
472:
469:
461:
440:
424:
409:
351:
345:
333:
287:
286:
282:
278:
276:
226:
224:
208:
207:
203:Subspecies:
193:
181:
18:
4426:iNaturalist
4378:Wikispecies
4312:12 November
4106:2 September
4028:24 February
3704:22 November
3362:26 February
3331:26 February
2556:12 November
1633:2000-06-29
1614:1949-01-29
1606:1948-11-17
1588:1967-08-02
1580:1963-04-01
1562:1991-07-18
1554:1991-07-18
1532:1989-07-11
1513:2015-07-27
1505:1983-11-15
1486:2014-10-18
1478:1980-06-08
1459:2007-07-20
1451:1977-11-11
1432:2011-05-26
1424:1972-09-19
1405:2007-05-30
1397:1972-09-19
1378:1982-01-04
1370:1973-09-19
1351:2015-11-22
1343:1974-09-19
1322:2006-08-14
1314:1972-09-19
1295:2018-03-19
1287:1973-09-19
1266:1992-08-28
1258:1965-07-01
1239:2014-12-14
1231:1972-04-01
1210:1978-01-18
1202:1968-04-01
1184:1978-09-12
1176:1970-01-01
1157:1964-05-29
1149:1950-07-01
1130:1974-08-15
1126:South Sudan
1122:1953-01-28
1103:1991-01-28
1099:South Sudan
1095:1952-07-28
1076:1985-12-31
1068:1963-04-01
1050:1985-12-31
1042:1963-04-01
1024:1979-03-15
1016:1954-03-04
997:1975-05-02
989:1954-03-04
970:1990-06-25
962:1950-07-25
947:Antwerp Zoo
943:1985-08-07
935:1948-06-07
920:Antwerp Zoo
916:1968-04-13
908:1948-08-07
739:subspecies.
670:Einiosaurus
577:South Sudan
575:, southern
483:Stephen Fry
4565:Dicerotini
4554:Categories
4523:Q125776979
4324:(in Czech)
3949:Novinky.cz
3898:19 October
3252:30 January
2737:7 December
2581:14 January
2474:References
2470:*estimate
2031:Captivity
1188:Al Ain Zoo
798:California
767:with four
647:) and the
293:subspecies
90:Appendix I
4241:The Hague
4197:. Reuters
4077:: 289–291
3875:Ol Pejeta
3607:The Times
3570:The Times
3389:: 1–397.
2889:Ol Pejeta
2607:13 August
2576:cites.org
2219:Ol Pejeta
1659:Location
794:San Diego
777:egg cells
589:Lake Chad
536:with the
494:gestation
189:Species:
127:Kingdom:
121:Eukaryota
4517:Wikidata
4470:14100052
4392:BioLib:
4369:Q1614957
4363:Wikidata
4256:22 March
4201:20 March
4081:31 March
4054:31 March
3867:Archived
3851:ABC News
3732:Archived
3643:Archived
3479:: 79–81.
3424:24 March
3149:Archived
3130:Archived
3111:Archived
3077:Archived
3034:26 April
2982:Archived
2964:20 March
2881:Archived
2668:20383328
2628:PLOS ONE
2602:BBC News
1227:Angalifu
1173:Tofacha
834:Khartoum
830:Angalifu
597:Cameroon
543:in vitro
448:poaching
342:Taxonomy
235:Lydekker
167:Family:
151:Mammalia
141:Chordata
137:Phylum:
131:Animalia
117:Domain:
77:IUCN 3.1
39:Angalifu
4537:9399483
4418:4267357
4285:cottoni
3580:7 April
3549:7 April
3303:27 July
3226:Efe.com
2938:Reuters
2698:Bibcode
2659:2850923
2636:Bibcode
2529:cottoni
2413:2,000*
1969:Uganda
1727:2,000*
1502:Nabire
1421:Nesari
1255:Nasima
876:Stud #
773:Cremona
769:oocytes
591:, into
547:embryos
523:gametes
429:in the
319:in the
305:savanna
295:of the
237:, 1908)
177:Genus:
157:Order:
147:Class:
92: (
75: (
4496:661453
4483:310713
4444:926192
4431:147581
4402:ECOS:
4247:
3626:
2666:
2656:
2431:41–47
2428:36–41
2407:Total
1869:30–36
1866:26–31
1745:30–36
1742:26–31
1668:1975*
1665:1960*
1529:Najin
1262:Uganda
1153:Uganda
1119:Joyce
1092:Dinka
966:Uganda
932:Chloe
755:, and
573:Uganda
309:Sahara
267:
260:
254:
4395:33434
4283:ssp.
3469:(PDF)
3415:(PDF)
3064:(UK).
2852:(PDF)
2686:(PDF)
2527:ssp.
2416:500*
1730:500*
1721:Wild
1716:2019
1713:2018
1710:2017
1707:2015
1704:2014
1701:2011
1698:2009
1695:2008
1692:2007
1689:2006
1686:2003
1683:2000
1680:1998
1677:1996
1674:1995
1671:1984
1662:1909
1630:Fatu
1624:1305
1610:Sudan
1598:1252
1584:Sudan
1572:1123
1546:1122
1475:Suni
1448:Nasi
1428:Sudan
1401:Sudan
1394:Nadi
1374:Sudan
1367:Nuri
1347:Sudan
1318:Sudan
1311:Saut
1291:Sudan
1283:Sudan
1235:Sudan
1206:Sudan
1180:Sudan
1146:Bebe
1072:Sudan
1046:Sudan
1020:Sudan
1013:Lucy
993:Sudan
986:Bill
939:Sudan
912:Sudan
905:Paul
882:Name
765:ovary
736:Sudan
732:Sudan
443:bomas
416:Sudan
402:2014
329:Kenya
94:CITES
88:CITES
4532:GBIF
4478:NCBI
4457:4183
4452:IUCN
4439:ITIS
4413:GBIF
4405:4752
4314:2021
4297:2020
4258:2018
4245:ISBN
4203:2018
4180:2017
4154:2017
4108:2015
4083:2018
4056:2018
4030:2016
3900:2014
3706:2015
3624:ISBN
3582:2009
3551:2009
3426:2022
3364:2024
3356:TIME
3333:2024
3305:2021
3280:2019
3254:2020
3062:BBC2
3036:2017
2966:2018
2739:2014
2664:PMID
2609:2020
2583:2022
2558:2021
2541:2020
2348:n/a
2286:n/a
2224:n/a
2160:n/a
2098:n/a
2034:n/a
1978:n/a
1975:n/a
1972:n/a
1916:n/a
1913:n/a
1910:n/a
1878:n/a
1854:n/a
1851:n/a
1848:n/a
1792:n/a
1789:n/a
1786:n/a
1754:n/a
1523:943
1496:789
1469:630
1442:476
1415:377
1388:376
1361:375
1339:Nola
1332:374
1305:373
1276:372
1249:351
1220:348
1194:347
1167:345
1140:290
959:Ben
879:Sex
840:Nola
788:The
753:Lewa
595:and
593:Chad
452:horn
277:The
4465:MSW
4301:doi
4219:CNN
4172:CNN
3391:doi
3325:CNN
3273:CNN
2706:doi
2654:PMC
2644:doi
2545:doi
2437:14
2434:41
2425:39
2422:46
2419:31
2061:10
2058:11
2055:11
2052:10
2049:10
2046:11
2043:16
2040:15
1872:30
1863:29
1860:35
1857:15
1748:30
1739:29
1736:35
1733:15
1113:75
1086:74
1060:55
1034:54
1007:28
980:27
953:19
926:16
899:15
792:in
717:31.
404:VOA
327:in
281:or
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