361:, the first genetically engineered vaccine approved for human use. She, Ken and colleague Bill Brammar, led the development of genetic engineering, putting the UK ahead in revolutionary DNA research. Noreen and Ken were among the first to realise that the ability to cut DNA with restriction enzymes made it possible to join different DNA molecules to produce recombinant DNA molecules, and clone DNA sequences. Their work had a lasting impact and shaped all areas of biology and biotechnology. In their published work together, Noreen's contributions are clearly identifiable; she being the geneticist, he the biochemist.
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biological research. It is notable that she has many single author publications; she was generally the main instigator and sole technical contributor. In 1968 Noreen had become interested in the phenomenon of host-controlled restriction (the ability of bacterial cells to "restrict" foreign DNA) and decided to study this phenomenon in
Escherichia coli using bacteriophage lambda and her knowledge of bacteriophage genetics.
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contribute to building the
Michael Swann Building, and provided numerous bursaries to support postgraduates and undergraduates from overseas to study in Edinburgh. In 2009, Noreen joined the Advisory Panel of Edinburgh bioscience firm BigDNA, which designs and develops vaccines based on the lambda phage carrying DNA-based vaccines.
368:
In 1983 the couple established the Darwin Trust of
Edinburgh. To this trust they donated the royalty earnings from the Hepatitis B vaccine. The charity supports education and research in natural science. This Trust has provided funds to construct the University of Edinburgh Darwin Library, to
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from 1980 to 1982, but returned to
Edinburgh, where she was awarded a personal chair of molecular genetics in 1988. At Edinburgh, she produced a considerable body of work focused on uncovering the mechanisms and biology of restriction enzymes, and their adaptation as tools underpinning modern
364:
Her obituary describes the impact she made on fellow women scientists in her workplace. "Her achievements came at a time when it was not always easy for women to make a career in science, and it is a measure of her ability and determination that she reached the top of her profession despite
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occasionally contending with the unconscious prejudice of the scientific establishment. Perhaps because of this Noreen was particularly attentive to the careers of her female colleagues and delighted in their success." "She was an exceptional mentor to those who worked with or around her."
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into which genes could be inserted and expressed in order to examine their function. During her career she was recognised internationally as a pioneer and one of
Britain's most distinguished and highly respected molecular geneticists. Until her 2001 retirement she held a
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Science Campus at the
University of Edinburgh, recognising the couple's distinguished careers and their commitment to the advancement of science and engineering.
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in 2010. In 2011, despite being unable to speak she continued to work and deal with correspondence via notes. She died with Ken at her side at the
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Her many contributions to science have been honoured by
Fellowships of the Royal Societies of
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who helped pioneer recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering) by creating a series of
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569:"Professor Noreen Murray: Scientist whose work paved the way for genetic engineering"
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and London. Lady Murray was elected to the Royal
Society in 1982 and the
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420:. She has also been given the Fred Griffith Review Lectureship of the
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273:. She was president of the Genetical Society, vice president of the
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481:"Noreen Elizabeth Murray CBE. 26 February 1935 -- 12 May 2011"
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University of
Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
695:. Royal Society of Edinurgh. 1 March 1989. Archived from
353:, also a noted biochemist with whom she helped develop a
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The Noreen and
Kenneth Murray Library was built at the
253:; 26 February 1935 – 12 May 2011) was an English
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Deaths from motor neuron disease in the United Kingdom
722:"Edinburgh University's professorial husband and wife"
690:"Noreen Elizabeth Murray, (née Parker) CBE, FRS, FRSE"
617:
Special Minutes of the University of Edinburgh Senatus
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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in 1989. She has received honorary degrees from the
644:, Lancaster University, August 2008, archived from
514:Naughton, Philippe; Sage, Adam (26 February 2008),
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325:Murray was a committed researcher. She worked at
785:
277:, and a member of the UK Science and Technology
289:Noreen Parker was brought up in the village of
854:Stanford University School of Medicine faculty
824:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
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341:faculty in 1967. She briefly moved to the
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819:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
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446:The Noreen and Kenneth Murray Library in
859:Academics of the University of Cambridge
849:Academics of the University of Edinburgh
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879:Neurological disease deaths in Scotland
770:"Star and a lollipop lady are honoured"
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864:Alumni of the University of Birmingham
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392:, Edinburgh, on 12 May 2011, aged 76.
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343:European Molecular Biology Laboratory
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213:European Molecular Biology Laboratory
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829:People from Ribble Valley (district)
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416:, the University of Birmingham, and
814:Female fellows of the Royal Society
638:"Professor Noreen Murray FRS DSc",
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13:
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463:
14:
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768:Swanson, Ian (31 December 2001),
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580:from the original on 21 June 2022
384:She was diagnosed with a form of
809:Fellows of King's College London
744:Gabor previous winners 2005–1989
454:complex is named in her honour.
435:She was made a Commander of the
422:Society for General Microbiology
804:Alumni of King's College London
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735:
566:Finnegan, david (1 June 2011).
424:and in 1989, for her work with
299:Lancaster Girls' Grammar School
293:, then from the age of five in
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529:
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441:New Year Honours list for 2002
1:
613:"Noreen E. Murray, FRSE, FRS"
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335:Medical Research Council (UK)
269:in molecular genetics at the
228:Noreen Elizabeth, Lady Murray
208:Medical Research Council (UK)
889:Fellows of the Royal Society
869:English molecular biologists
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7:
659:Beggs, Jean (25 May 2011).
437:Order of the British Empire
163:Fellow of the Royal Society
16:British molecular biologist
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874:Women molecular biologists
406:Royal Society of Edinburgh
337:before first joining the
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839:History of biotechnology
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315:University of Birmingham
125:University of Birmingham
339:University of Edinburgh
331:University of Cambridge
271:University of Edinburgh
203:University of Cambridge
193:University of Edinburgh
62:Noreen Elizabeth Parker
727:Times Higher Education
500:10.1098/rsbm.2014.0009
432:of the Royal Society.
297:. She was educated at
641:Honorary Degrees 2008
410:University of Warwick
386:motor neurone disease
303:King's College London
120:King's College London
448:Edinburgh University
418:Lancaster University
349:She was married to
309:), and received her
259:bacteriophage lambda
255:molecular geneticist
834:English geneticists
702:on 18 February 2015
648:on 23 December 2012
390:Marie Curie Hospice
327:Stanford University
198:Stanford University
844:Molecular genetics
619:, 12 December 2001
396:Awards and honours
351:Sir Kenneth Murray
180:Molecular genetics
279:Honours Committee
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170:Scientific career
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537:"Noreen MURRAY"
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775:The Scotsman
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704:. Retrieved
697:the original
669:. Retrieved
665:The Scotsman
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186:Institutions
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89:(2011-05-12)
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799:2011 deaths
794:1935 births
706:17 February
667:. Edinburgh
584:17 February
516:"Birthdays"
493:: 349–374.
430:Gabor Medal
359:hepatitis B
103:Nationality
87:12 May 2011
788:Categories
661:"Obituary"
475:Gann, A.;
458:References
333:, and the
97:, Scotland
76:Lancashire
68:1935-02-26
542:The Times
521:The Times
477:Beggs, J.
402:Edinburgh
317:in 1959.
313:from the
285:Education
95:Edinburgh
78:, England
578:Archived
524:, London
479:(2014).
357:against
754:3 April
439:in the
355:vaccine
262:vectors
153:
145:
107:English
671:29 May
428:, the
412:, the
321:Career
250:Parker
248:
176:Fields
159:Awards
134:Spouse
700:(PDF)
693:(PDF)
380:Death
301:, at
238:
234:
147:(
143:
36:
32:
756:2009
708:2015
673:2011
586:2015
240:FRSE
84:Died
58:Born
38:FRSE
495:doi
450:'s
311:PhD
307:BSc
246:née
236:FRS
232:CBE
34:FRS
30:CBE
790::
772:,
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