386:
672:
343:
382:' (in some Commonwealth countries such as Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, the title 'associate professor' can be used instead of 'reader'). In some countries, senior lecturers are generally paid the same as readers, but the latter title is awarded primarily for research excellence, and traditionally carries higher prestige. Traditionally, heads of departments and other senior academic leadership roles within a university were undertaken by professors.
38:
404:, enabling their holders to be termed professors or readers while holding academic posts at the level of lecturer. This results in a two-tier professoriate, with statutory professors â or named chairs â having higher status than the relatively recently created category of titular professors. Similar hierarchies among the professoriate exist in a small number of other UK universities. Some universities, including the
366:
countries (excluding
Australia and Canada), as well as in Ireland, traditionally a professor held either an established chair or a personal chair. An established chair is established by the university to meet its needs for academic leadership and standing in a particular area or discipline and the
565:
in the UK are known as professors; for example 'professor of violin'. In the United
Kingdom and Ireland the term 'professor' is properly and in formal situations given to singing and instrumental tutors in the music colleges / conservatories of music, usually the older and more august ones: The
516:
In the UK the title 'Professor' has historically been reserved for full professors, with lecturers, senior lecturers, and readers generally addressed by their academic qualification (Dr for the holder of a doctorate, Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/Mx otherwise). However, the current
University of Oxford
367:
post is filled from a shortlist of applicants; only a suitably qualified person will be appointed. A personal chair is awarded specifically to an individual in recognition of their high levels of achievements and standing in their particular area or discipline.
432:
have adopted the style of 'associate professor' in lieu of 'reader'. The varied practices these changes have brought about have meant that academic ranks in the United
Kingdom and in Australia are no longer quite as consistent as they once were.
353:
in the United
Kingdom are the titles, relative seniority and responsibility of employees in universities. In general the country has three academic career pathways: one focused on research, one on teaching, and one that combines the two.
1079:
1261:
537:
Many professorships are named in honour of a distinguished person or after the person who endowed the chair. Some chairs have a long history and considerable prestige attached, such as the
578:. The expression has become almost obsolete for singing and instrumental tuition in the universities. The same convention applies throughout Europe in the National Colleges of Music.
1083:
1247:
1221:
549:. Some academic societies and professional institutions also award or designate certain post holders or members as 'professor'; these are usually personal awards. The
553:, formerly the College of Preceptors, is a long-standing example of this, as are the amalgamated bodies included in the Society of Teachers in Business Education.
1367:
835:
55:
272:
177:
529:' may be awarded to a retired or former professor, who may well retain formal or informal links with the institution where the chair was formerly held.
329:
102:
1025:
74:
1386:
81:
538:
370:
In most universities, professorships are reserved for only the most senior academic staff, and other academics are generally known as '
247:
152:
88:
1610:
1293:
1615:
70:
1196:
322:
1058:"5.41.4 Use of the Title Associate Professor â Handbook of University Policies and Procedures at The University of Queensland"
723:
Academic staff whose main focus is essential teaching, educational needs, and for senior grades, often pedagogic research:
257:
157:
1381:
890:
302:
661:
651:(professors and other title holders (university lecturers, senior research fellows, etc.) with a titular professorship)
648:
595:
546:
315:
242:
121:
95:
1147:
277:
59:
17:
613:
Lecturer or clinical lecturer: this is largely equivalent to an 'Assistant
Professor' rank at a US university
1286:
147:
1032:
625:
292:
237:
172:
1123:
896:
632:
has retained the role of lecturer, but replaced senior lecturer and reader with associate professor.
629:
207:
202:
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182:
1314:
902:
676:
575:
425:
417:
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162:
1605:
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1502:
1279:
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1098:
884:
616:
Assistant lecturer, demonstrator, seminar leader, associate lecturer, graduate teaching assistant
437:
363:
282:
232:
222:
212:
187:
167:
48:
1057:
819:
Vice-chancellor (sometimes provost; increasingly 'vice-chancellor and chief executive officer' )
1518:
1462:
1429:
1319:
747:) give the same titles as Research & Teaching track academics to give parity to the roles.
683:, ranging from professors to lecturers, in their academic regalia during a graduation ceremony.
655:
600:
571:
567:
379:
137:
1557:
1529:
744:
523:
may, if they wish, use the title of âProfessorâ, or they may keep their previous title of âDr
413:
409:
389:
962:
Privatdozent, Juniorprofessor, Wissenschaftlicher
Assistent, Akademischer Rat (W1, C1, A13)
440:
introduced a new structure. The academic rank structure is superseded by the new structure.
851:
680:
641:
405:
401:
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8:
1433:
1357:
1352:
550:
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1579:
1492:
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1471:
1452:
1414:
421:
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Departmental lecturer (non-ladder faculty position employed or paid by the university)
664:(university lecturers and other title holders with a titular associate professorship)
385:
1362:
635:
604:
542:
1584:
1545:
1497:
1457:
1424:
1391:
1329:
935:
375:
671:
1572:
350:
1599:
973:
Privatdozent, Wissenschaftlicher
Mitarbeiter ohne eigenstÀndige Lehrbefugnis
807:
789:
honorary/visiting associate professor or honorary/visiting principal lecturer
621:
342:
591:
Academic staff whose responsibilities encompass both research and teaching:
1567:
1562:
1551:
1540:
562:
1271:
1000:
658:) (Oxford has abolished this grade with no new appointments to this title)
774:
Common titles for honorary, visiting and honorary visiting academics:
1467:
1438:
1324:
913:
Professor, distinguished professor, chaired professor, or equivalent
733:
Senior teaching fellow / senior university teacher / senior lecturer
37:
1419:
954:
526:
371:
636:
Research and teaching career pathway at the
University of Oxford
444:
Reformed academic rank structure of the
University of Cambridge
1535:
1005:
1262:"Research staff job titles and duties University of Cambridge"
1099:"Changes to academic titles in 2021/2022 - implementation"
872:
Department/school directors of studies, or personal tutors
808:
Administrative ranks: England, Wales, and Northern Ireland
1248:"Research career pathway University College London (UCL)"
976:
Attaché temporaire d'enseignement et de recherche (ATER)
699:
Principal research fellow / principal research associate
586:
943:
Hochschuldozent, Oberassistent (W2, C2), Privatdozent
930:
Professor (extraordinarius, W2, W3 without chair, C3)
610:
Senior lecturer (not all universities have this title)
970:
Research Associate, lecturer, researcher, instructor
628:
has adopted the American terminology entirely, while
624:
universities to use some form of hybrid terminology:
1172:"Academic posts at Oxford, Personnel Services site"
919:Professeur des universités, Directeur de recherche
696:
Professorial research fellow / director of research
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
967:Assistant lecturer, demonstrator, seminar leader
841:
1597:
924:Reader, Principal Lecturer, Associate Professor
620:However, it is becoming increasingly common for
27:Overview of academic ranks in the United Kingdom
736:Teaching fellow / university teacher / lecturer
743:Note that some universities (for example, the
730:Principal teaching fellow / principal lecturer
1287:
692:Academic staff whose main focus is research:
323:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1301:
1294:
1280:
1148:"Principal Lecturer (HE) - Careers Advice"
916:Professor (ordinarius, W3 with chair, C4)
769:
718:
687:
525:â. As in the USA, the title of 'professor
330:
316:
1158:
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
727:Professorial teaching fellow / professor
670:
384:
341:
857:Principal (who is also vice-chancellor)
541:, which date back to the 16th century,
532:
14:
1598:
1096:
556:
71:"Academic ranks in the United Kingdom"
1275:
782:honorary/visiting professorial fellow
521:now notes that Associate Professors "
587:Research and teaching career pathway
493:University Lecturer (postâprobation)
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
504:University Lecturer (preâprobation)
24:
1169:
1124:"University of Oxford Style Guide"
792:Honorary/visiting senior lecturer
25:
1627:
750:
547:Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
362:In the United Kingdom, like most
1082:25 February 2020. Archived from
36:
1611:Education in the United Kingdom
1254:
1240:
986:Privatdozent, Honorarprofessor
796:honorary/visiting senior fellow
603:(or principal lecturer in some
396:During the 1990s, however, the
47:needs additional citations for
1616:Academia in the United Kingdom
1222:"Academic Promotions Guidance"
1214:
1189:
1140:
1116:
1090:
1072:
1050:
1018:
842:Administrative ranks: Scotland
13:
1:
1097:Mister, Nicola (6 May 2021).
1080:"Great news - we've moved..."
1011:
876:
357:
869:Heads of departments/schools
831:Heads of departments/schools
778:Honorary/visiting professor
7:
1407:Research and teaching track
994:
799:Honorary/visiting lecturer
581:
10:
1632:
561:Instructors at many music
482:University Senior Lecturer
1511:
1480:
1400:
1338:
1307:
1026:"Research career pathway"
945:
918:
785:Honorary/visiting reader
816:Pro-chancellor (titular)
803:honorary/visiting fellow
576:Trinity College of Music
426:University of Birmingham
418:Staffordshire University
138:Academic ranks worldwide
1524:Distinguished professor
1503:Postdoctoral researcher
1302:Academic ranks overview
1170:Oxford, University of.
946:Maßtre de conférences,
770:Honorary/visiting ranks
719:Teaching career pathway
688:Research career pathway
438:University of Cambridge
1463:Senior research fellow
1103:www.hr.admin.cam.ac.uk
822:Deputy vice-chancellor
702:Senior research fellow
684:
605:post-1992 institutions
572:Royal Academy of Music
568:Royal College of Music
539:Gresham professorships
393:
392:, University of Oxford
347:
346:The Backs at Cambridge
1558:Professor of practice
1339:North American system
745:University of Glasgow
677:King's College London
674:
543:Regius professorships
414:University of Warwick
410:University of Reading
402:Titles of Distinction
388:
345:
1250:. 25 September 2017.
1086:on 25 February 2020.
959:Assistant professor
948:Chargé de recherche
940:Associate professor
852:ancient universities
847:Chancellor (titular)
836:directors of studies
813:Chancellor (titular)
681:University of London
642:University of Oxford
533:Named professorships
507:Assistant Professor
496:Associate Professor
485:Associate Professor
406:University of Exeter
398:University of Oxford
56:improve this article
1434:associate professor
1401:Commonwealth system
1358:Associate professor
1353:Assistant professor
1228:. 25 September 2017
1226:UCL Human Resources
825:Pro-vice-chancellor
662:Associate professor
557:Professors of music
551:College of Teachers
445:
430:Kingston University
1580:Teaching assistant
1493:Research associate
1488:Research assistant
1472:research professor
1453:Research assistant
1415:Associate lecturer
1154:. 11 January 2012.
1038:on 10 October 2018
983:Adjunct professor
910:Professor (chair)
866:Deans of faculties
834:Department/school
828:Deans of faculties
756:Emeritus professor
739:Teaching associate
711:Research assistant
708:Research associate
685:
449:Previous structure
443:
422:Swansea University
394:
348:
1593:
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1382:Adjunct professor
1001:Lecturer § Tenure
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16:(Redirected from
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1481:Junior positions
1374:Non-tenure track
1363:Professor (full)
1320:Ranks and titles
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1264:. February 2013.
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714:Research support
640:Specific to the
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1546:Head of college
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1458:Research fellow
1425:Senior lecturer
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772:
759:Emeritus reader
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705:Research fellow
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128:
117:
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1201:info.lse.ac.uk
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18:Personal chair
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1368:Endowed Chair
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762:Senior fellow
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436:In 2021, the
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