1898:
40:
1582:
350:
56:
688:
1121:
1711 20,474 Kalmyks and 4,100 Russians attack Kuban. They kill 11,460 Nogays, drown 5,060 others and return with 2,000 camels, 39,200 horses, 190,000 cattle, 220,000 sheep and 22,100 human captives, of whom only 700 are adult males. On the way home they meet and defeat a returning Nogai war party and
1405:
According to
Tsutsiev (Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, 2014, Map 4 for 1774), many of these tribes existed north of the Caucasus. From west to east he lists 'Kipchak', Yedishkul, Jambulak, Navruz, Mansur(sic), and Beshtau Nogay. North of Jambulak-Beshtau were Yedisans and north
811:
Political organization was fluid and much depended on personal prestige since as nomads, the Nogai subjects could simply move away from a leader who was disliked. Ambassadors and merchants were regularly beaten and robbed. Stealing horses, looked down upon in many cultures, was an important part of
1078:
so many captives were taken that the price of a slave at Kaffa dropped to fifteen or twenty gold pieces. Nogais ravage and burn many of the "Ukraine and
Seversk" cities, towns, villages and suburbs, killing and taking prisoners from the
866:
alone, about one-third of all the villages were destroyed or abandoned between 1578 and 1583. Some researchers estimate that altogether more than 3 million people were captured and enslaved during the time of the
Crimean Khanate.
744:, the same language group as that of the neighboring Kazakhs, Bashkirs and Crimean and Volga Tatars. Their religion was Muslim, but religious institutions were weakly developed.
1246:. 1556–57: Yosuf's sons (especially Yunus) seized his property. 1558: abandoned and starved, sent across Volga to buy food. 1560: tried to attack Crimea, blocked by Kazy Mirza
640:. The Nogais north of the Caspian were thereafter called the Great Nogai Horde. In the early 17th century, the Horde broke down further under the onslaught of the Kalmyks.
2904:
These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
2938:
550:
536:
522:
497:
483:
751:
grazing sheep, horses, and camels. Outside goods were obtained by trade (mostly horses and slaves), raiding, and tribute. There were some subject peasants along the
3062:
3067:
1112:
1664 Crimean Tatar and Nogai noblemen with their troops take part in the military campaign against the Polish king and devastate Livny and
Bryansk counties
1239:
1541:
Related books by
Willard Sunderland (Taming the Wild Field), Alan W Fisher (Crimean Tatars), Martha Brill Olcott (Volga Tatars) and Khodarkovsky (1992
1194:
1300:
1290:
977:
825:
2931:
1257:
349:
2488:
1406:
of these names are omitted. East of the
Beshtau Nogay were Turkmen and then the Kara-Nogai in the present Nogai location west of the Caspian.
1306:
1275:
1236:, broke with Moscow, claimed to have 300,000 horsemen and 8 sons. circa 1552: dissuaded from raid on Moscow. 1555: murdered by Araslan Mirza.
976:
This data is from the
English-language sources below. A long list of Nogai raids on Russia and Poland, from Russian sources, can be found at
2873:
1350:
1267:
1225:
1219:
1200:
813:
1284:
1094:
1628 Crimean Tatars and Nogais begin to ravage the surrounding towns and villages of Poland, killing and capturing the local population.
1855:
1261:
1206:
2924:
1312:
39:
1274:. 1555: Nureddin under Ismael. circa 1557: broke with Ismael when Ismael appoints Tin Ahmed his successor. Fled to Kuban, founding
1242:(1555–1564) (on Volga, pro-Moscow) 1551: near Astrakhan. 1554: helped to take Astrakhan. 1555: sent 20,000 horses to Moscow 1555:
759:. Hunting, fishing, caravan taxation, and seasonal agricultural migration also played a role, although this is poorly documented.
3057:
2906:
1570:
1163:
1433:
1158:
During the next 150 years, Black Sea grain ports assist massive southward expansion of
Russian agriculture and population.
2596:
839:
1548:
1347:. 1616: was attacked by Crimea, sought Russian protection at Astrakhan. 1618: died under questionable circumstances
1141:
838:
raided settlements in Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, and Poland. The slaves were captured in southern Russia,
3047:
2197:
1106:
1640 Crimean Tatars and Nogais terribly ravage
Volhynia, Podolia and Galicia, taking a large number of captives.
2649:
1368:
1071:
1500–1850 Russian population expands southward and occupies forest-steppe and steppe. This is poorly documented
1055:
1594 Nogais (up to 8 thousand) raid southern
Muscovite lands. The enemy is besieged and Nogais storm the city.
2868:
2483:
1897:
958:
1085:
1617 Nogais and Azov Tatars invade southern Russia three times to plunder the village and capture prisoners.
755:
river. One of the main sources of income for the Nogais was raiding for slaves, who were sold in Crimea and
2531:
3087:
1563:
1172:
816:
would often declare themselves vassals of some outside power, but such declarations had little meaning.
2417:
1037:
1577 Crimean Tatars and Nogais continue to raid the southern Muscovite lands and lead Temnikov to ruins
691:
579:
3072:
2245:
859:
112:
2273:
2217:
1964:
1960:
1800:
1618:
1613:
1251:
2510:
1868:
1845:
1660:
1556:
145:
1425:
3082:
3052:
2740:
2694:
2302:
938:
and some control over the caravan trade. The name "Great Horde" appears some time after this
2893:
1956:
1675:
1630:
1151:
679:. In particular, the Yedisans are mentioned as a distinct group, and in various locations.
8:
2634:
2253:
1878:
1700:
1182:
829:
363:
214:
72:
961:: Horde fails in attack on Moscow. Approximate start of Russian independence from Tatars
2916:
2629:
2478:
2451:
1685:
1578:
1028:
996:
1523 Crimea briefly takes Astrakhan, but its army and Khan are destroyed by the Nogais.
633:
3077:
2981:
2770:
2689:
2442:
2189:
1863:
1775:
1750:
1740:
1735:
1705:
1645:
1429:
1418:
1210:
1000:
924:
763:
738:
727:
543:
515:
502:
446:
383:
322:
134:
1049:
1588 many Nogais move to Don. Very destructive fighting between Big and Small Hordes
3024:
3009:
2969:
2735:
2715:
2493:
2269:
2257:
2249:
2237:
2213:
2205:
2193:
2174:
2127:
2029:
1992:
1883:
1820:
1815:
1780:
1730:
1655:
1635:
1595:
1140:
1774 Crimea is proclaimed independent from the Ottoman Empire by the Russo-Ottoman
1075:
300:
258:
123:
92:
2725:
1625:
1222:(died 1549): Murdered the Crimean khan in 1523. 1530s: near Yaik, then near Kazan.
1168:
c. 1860 Several hundred thousand Muslims migrate from Russia to the Ottoman Empire
1131:
1770 Yedisans ally with Russia, blocking the land route from the Balkans to Crimea
1103:
1637, 1641–1643: Raids by Nogais and Crimean nobles without permission of the Khan
2986:
2889:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
2571:
2548:
2521:
2261:
2233:
2229:
2201:
2170:
2107:
2064:
2047:
1873:
1835:
1770:
1755:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1695:
1690:
1680:
1670:
1650:
1640:
1608:
1046:
1584 Crimean–Nogai pillage Ryazan land. Nogais capture "countless Slavic people".
903:
835:
719:
648:
247:
101:
3014:
2883:
2780:
2760:
2654:
2639:
2604:
2505:
2277:
2265:
2241:
2221:
2182:
2131:
2092:
1997:
1987:
1906:
1840:
1825:
1805:
1790:
1785:
1760:
1745:
1665:
1603:
1586:
1363:
1294:
917:
741:
734:
637:
529:
393:
289:
269:
236:
163:
990:
1521 Nogais, driven west by the Kazakhs, cross the Volga and attack Astrakhan.
3041:
3019:
2974:
2816:
2806:
2609:
2498:
2397:
2352:
2225:
2147:
2143:
2113:
2057:
2042:
2007:
1914:
1830:
1810:
1795:
1331:
region. Swore allegiance to both Russians and Turks, then made alliance with
1061:
1600 Moscow 'appoints' a Nogai Bey for the first time. Civil war among Nogais
1024:
1570s Kazakh pressure shifts Nogai trade away from Central Asia toward Moscow
948:
910:
896:
772:
614:
571:
194:
2948:
2795:
2581:
2209:
2151:
2135:
2097:
1949:
1919:
1233:
1147:
1783 Crimea annexed by Russia; many Nogais move from lower Dnieper to Kuban
935:
931:
805:
781:
752:
668:
625:
paternal origin and Jochid maternal origin, who founded the Nogai dynasty.
602:
594:
586:
and south by the Russians in the 17th century. The Mongol tribe called the
488:
172:
1162:
1783 – 19th century: Nogais east of the Black Sea push southeast to their
777:
373:
2996:
2964:
2785:
2437:
2382:
2087:
2017:
1328:
1243:
942:
776:. The ruler of the Nogais was the Bey. The capital or winter camp was at
707:
695:
403:
183:
63:
55:
1091:
1619 Isterek Bey dies. Civil war. Status of Beyship uncertain after this
1015:
1557 Mirza Kazy crosses the Volga and founds Small Horde along the Kuban
651:
rather than the Nogai Bey. They were divided into the following groups:
2956:
2765:
2730:
2586:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2427:
1765:
1279:
1043:
1582/83 Muscovite peace with Sweden and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
882:
788:, usually the Bey's son or younger brother and expected successor. The
687:
598:
354:
Approximate territory of the Nogai Horde at the end of the 15th century
225:
203:
2392:
1031:(1571) Crimean–Nogai attack on Moscow. 100,000 horsemen. Moscow burned
2811:
2790:
2755:
2750:
2699:
2659:
2644:
2614:
2517:
2468:
2377:
2139:
2052:
2012:
1933:
1929:
1456:
1316:
1297:
attacked Moscow's frontiers. Killed in battle against the Small Horde
1271:
851:
847:
715:
644:
2800:
2842:
2775:
2720:
2669:
2624:
2473:
2447:
2422:
2372:
2347:
2164:
1977:
1941:
1925:
1324:
843:
660:
610:
278:
1021:
1569 Ottomans and Crimeans with Small Horde fail to take Astrakhan
2852:
2832:
2745:
2362:
2357:
2337:
2290:
2159:
2077:
2022:
2002:
1982:
1972:
1937:
1320:
1214:
863:
756:
723:
664:
622:
587:
583:
410:
45:
1088:
1618 Nogais release 15,000 captives in peace treaty with Moscow.
2878:
2837:
2619:
2576:
2526:
2387:
2342:
2332:
2316:
2310:
2295:
2285:
2121:
2082:
2072:
2037:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1118:
1699 Nogai forces continue to raid the southern Russian cities.
1009:
c. 1550–1560 Crimean Tatars and Nogais again attack Ryazan land
967:
1502: Crimeans destroy remnant of Golden Horde. Sarai destroyed
954:
1480–1519: Moscow and Crimea allied against Horde and Lithuania
855:
703:
672:
656:
652:
575:
415:
311:
81:
2847:
2432:
2367:
2102:
1474:
Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700
1229:
1003:, Grand Prince of Moscow, becomes the first Tsar of All Rus'.
889:
793:
748:
676:
618:
606:
2888:
2664:
1254:, daughter of Yosuf, widow of Kazan Khan, Moscow's captive
1040:
1580/81 or 1577: Saraichick destroyed by renegade Cossacks
1144:. The khanate increasingly falls under Russia's influence
711:
2946:
1197:(1480): at Ugra standoff, 1481: assassinated Ahmed Khan.
1082:
1616 Raids on Russian borders by large numbers of Nogais
1545:, on Kalmyks) can be found on Amazon.com and elsewhere.
964:
1481: Nogais kill the Khan of the Great Horde in battle
2874:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TĂśRKSOY)
1018:
1567–1571 Muscovite fort on the Terek, south of Nogais
1012:
1556 Astrakhan annexed by Muscovy. Nogais lose tribute
913:
founded. Beginning of Russian rule over Turkic Muslims
892:, another subject and king-maker, founds Nogay dynasty
1228:(1549–1555): (on Yaik, anti-Moscow) circa 1535: near
984:
c. 1509 Nogais move into lands vacated by Great Horde
694:
places 'Nagayske Tatare' (the "Nogay Tatars") on the
632:
Qazi Mirza quarreled with Ismael Beg and founded the
16:
1440s–1634 confederation in the Pontic–Caspian steppe
2325:
1134:
1771 Exodus of Trans-Volga Kalmyks back to Dzungaria
335:
Location of the Nogay Horde and main Asian polities
582:from about 1500 until they were pushed west by the
1417:
1188:
1137:1772 many Crimean Nogais accept Russian protection
1125:1720s 15,000 Nogai 'tents' flee Kalmyks for Kuban.
1006:1552 Kazan annexed by Muscovy. Nogais lose tribute
722:. The first group was broken up circa 1632 by the
1287:(1564–1579): 1577 said to support raids on Moscow
885:, the Mongol ruler for whom the Nogays were named
812:social and economic life on the steppe. Beys and
3039:
1315:(1600–1618): 1600: was installed by Russians at
1232:. 1549: helped Moscow against Kazan. 1551: near
3063:States and territories established in the 1440s
1203:(died 1506): said to have 17 sons, among them:
1115:1693 Kalmyks attack Nogais, as agents of Russia
800:, a sort of a war chief. Third in rank was the
1415:
875:
3068:States and territories disestablished in 1634
2932:
1564:
1396:Khodarkovsky - Russia's Steppe Frontier p. 11
1097:1633 last Crimean–Nogai raid to reach the Oka
2907:State with limited international recognition
1387:Khodarkovsky, Russia's Steppe Frontier p. 9
826:Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe
2939:
2925:
1571:
1557:
348:
1052:1593 Nogais operate in Voronezh and Livni
617:. A century later the Nogays were led by
1854:
1467:
1465:
1424:. University of Toronto Press. pp.
1128:1736–1739 Russians temporarily hold Azov
686:
1058:1598 Moscow pushes fortifications south
784:. From 1537 the second in rank was the
593:In the 13th century, the leader of the
590:constituted a core of the Nogai Horde.
3040:
1471:
1270:(died 1577): son of Mamay. 1551: near
1100:1634 major defeat of Nogais by Kalmyks
934:was left with only the steppe nomads,
320:
276:
267:
245:
212:
79:
2920:
1552:
1462:
1109:1643 Kalmyks push back from Astrakhan
993:c. 1522 Kazakhs capture Nogai capital
796:. From the 1560s there was a second
309:
256:
192:
181:
170:
70:
61:
43:
819:
726:. The second shared the fate of the
234:
223:
201:
161:
152:
143:
132:
121:
99:
90:
52:
987:1519 end of Moscow–Crimean alliance
298:
287:
110:
13:
858:horsemen in a trade known as the "
675:), Yedickul (north of Crimea) and
14:
3099:
770:or band. Aristocrats were called
714:(leader), and those north of the
1896:
1580:
1335:, and received ambassadors from
548:
534:
520:
495:
481:
54:
38:
2879:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
1515:
1260:, son of Kuchum, killed Yosuf,
1189:Partial list of beys and mirzas
971:
834:The Nogai Horde along with the
3058:Early modern history of Russia
1502:
1493:
1480:
1449:
1409:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1369:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
1181:2007 Nogay District formed in
792:held the right bank along the
780:, a caravan town on the lower
647:were nominally subject to the
1:
2869:Organization of Turkic States
1528:
1178:2002 Nogay population: 90,700
336:
1122:free 2,000 Russian captives.
7:
1357:
1278:. 1577: killed in war with
1173:Nogaysky District, Dagestan
876:Decline of the Golden Horde
10:
3104:
1459:Slave Trade', pp. 580—582.
1065:
870:
823:
682:
667:(from the Dniester to the
2995:
2955:
2902:
2861:
2825:
2708:
2682:
2595:
2547:
2540:
2461:
2410:
1905:
1894:
1594:
941:1470s: Nogais hostile to
718:nominally subject to the
702:There were two groups of
692:Sigismund von Herberstein
601:, a direct descendant of
460:
456:
443:
433:
429:
421:
409:
399:
389:
379:
369:
359:
347:
33:
28:
21:
2947:Successor states of the
2484:Timeline of the Göktürks
1536:Russia's Steppe Frontier
1488:Russia's Steppe Frontier
1455:Fisher 'Muscovy and the
1374:
1319:. 1613: was attacked by
1154:: last attempt to resist
1142:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
930:1466: At this point the
860:harvesting of the steppe
766:was the semi-autonomous
643:The Nogais north of the
609:, formed an army of the
445:• Conquered by the
1534:Khodarkovsky, Michael.
1416:Orest Subtelny (2000).
1293:(1579–1590): 1581 with
1034:1572 second raid fails.
951:take Kaffa from Genoese
380:Official languages
3048:1634 disestablishments
2198:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1486:Michael Khodarkovsky,
1472:Davies, Brian (2007).
699:
2695:Proto-Turkic language
2326:Extinct Turkic groups
1510:Where Two Worlds Meet
1074:1605–1618 During the
706:: those north of the
690:
671:), Jamboyluk (Bug to
636:on the steppe of the
580:Pontic–Caspian steppe
390:Common languages
2982:Khanate of Astrakhan
2894:World Turks Qurultai
1543:Where Two Worlds Met
1152:Kuban Nogai Uprising
2635:Karachay-Cherkessia
1521:Khodarkovsky (2004)
1183:Karachay-Cherkessia
978:Crimean-Nogai raids
830:Crimean slave trade
747:They were pastoral
613:joined by numerous
435:• Established
3088:Mongol rump states
2826:Traditional sports
2630:Kabardino-Balkaria
2250:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
1420:Ukraine: A History
1252:Söyembikä of Kazan
1029:Russo-Crimean Wars
700:
634:Lesser Nogai Horde
578:that occupied the
3035:
3034:
2987:Khanate of Crimea
2914:
2913:
2690:Old Turkic script
2678:
2677:
2489:Timeline 500–1300
2406:
2405:
1892:
1891:
1751:Kipchak languages
1706:Karamanli Turkish
1499:Sunderland, p. 26
1435:978-0-8020-8390-6
1240:Ismail Khan Nogai
1211:Astrakhan Khanate
1209:(1521): defeated
1001:Ivan the Terrible
925:Astrakhan Khanate
820:Slavery and raids
728:Khanate of Crimea
621:, a commander of
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
544:Astrakhan Khanate
516:Tsardom of Russia
508:
507:
503:Astrakhan Khanate
447:Tsardom of Russia
3095:
3025:Khanate of Khiva
3010:Khanate of Sibir
2970:Khanate of Kazan
2941:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2736:Tibetan Buddhism
2716:Turkic mythology
2597:Autonomous areas
2549:Sovereign states
2545:
2544:
2323:
2322:
2305:
2280:
2177:
2154:
2116:
2067:
2032:
1993:Crimean Karaites
1967:
1944:
1900:
1852:
1851:
1731:Khorasani Turkic
1585:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1460:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1423:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1339:, refused to be
1195:Temir Khan Nogai
1164:present location
1076:Time of Troubles
840:Poland-Lithuania
710:under their own
698:in his 1549 map.
552:
551:
538:
537:
524:
523:
512:
511:
499:
498:
485:
484:
478:
477:
462:
461:
352:
341:
338:
327:
325:
318:
316:
307:
305:
296:
294:
285:
283:
274:
272:
265:
263:
254:
252:
243:
241:
232:
230:
221:
219:
210:
208:
199:
197:
190:
188:
179:
177:
168:
166:
159:
157:
150:
148:
141:
139:
130:
128:
119:
117:
108:
106:
97:
95:
88:
86:
77:
75:
68:
66:
59:
58:
50:
48:
42:
19:
18:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3073:History of Ural
3038:
3037:
3036:
3031:
2991:
2951:
2945:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2898:
2857:
2821:
2704:
2674:
2591:
2572:Northern Cyprus
2536:
2522:Altai Mountains
2457:
2402:
2321:
2301:
2246:North Macedonia
2188:
2169:
2126:
2112:
2108:Siberian Tatars
2063:
2048:Khorasani Turks
2028:
1955:
1924:
1901:
1888:
1850:
1771:Ottoman Turkish
1691:Karachay-Balkar
1590:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:, 2002, page 22
1485:
1481:
1470:
1463:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1360:
1301:Ur Muhamed Khan
1291:Urus Khan Nogai
1191:
1068:
974:
904:Crimean Khanate
881:1299: Death of
878:
873:
836:Crimean Khanate
832:
824:Main articles:
822:
804:, who held the
685:
649:Crimean Khanate
628:In 1557, Nogai
574:founded by the
549:
535:
521:
496:
482:
449:
436:
355:
343:
342:
339:
332:
331:
330:
329:
328:
323:
321:
319:
314:
312:
310:
308:
303:
301:
299:
297:
292:
290:
288:
286:
281:
279:
277:
275:
270:
268:
266:
259:
257:
255:
250:
248:
246:
244:
239:
237:
235:
233:
228:
226:
224:
222:
217:
215:
213:
211:
206:
204:
202:
200:
195:
193:
191:
186:
184:
182:
180:
175:
173:
171:
169:
164:
162:
160:
155:
153:
151:
146:
144:
142:
137:
135:
133:
131:
126:
124:
122:
120:
115:
113:
111:
109:
104:
102:
100:
98:
93:
91:
89:
84:
82:
80:
78:
73:
71:
69:
64:
62:
60:
53:
51:
46:
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3101:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3017:
3015:Kazakh Khanate
3012:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2912:
2911:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:Turkic Academy
2881:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2781:Khalwati order
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2761:Bektashi Order
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Karakalpakstan
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2605:Altai Republic
2601:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2506:Nomadic empire
2503:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2274:Western Thrace
2180:
2179:
2178:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1998:Crimean Tatars
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:Siberian Tatar
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1514:
1508:Khodarkovsky,
1501:
1492:
1479:
1461:
1448:
1434:
1408:
1398:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1364:Turkic peoples
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1295:Crimean Tatars
1288:
1282:
1265:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1223:
1217:
1198:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
973:
970:
969:
968:
965:
962:
955:
952:
945:
939:
928:
921:
918:Kazakh Khanate
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
877:
874:
872:
869:
821:
818:
737:was a form of
735:Nogai language
684:
681:
638:North Caucasus
562:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
546:
540:
539:
532:
530:Kalmyk Khanate
526:
525:
518:
509:
506:
505:
500:
492:
491:
486:
474:
473:
468:
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
444:
441:
440:
437:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
419:
418:
413:
407:
406:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
386:
381:
377:
376:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
356:
353:
345:
344:
334:
333:
165:KAZAKH KHANATE
37:
36:
35:
34:
31:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3100:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3020:Uzbek Khanate
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2975:Qasim Khanate
2973:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2908:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:Organizations
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2817:Vattisen Yaly
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Bashkortostan
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2499:Turkification
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2114:Baraba Tatars
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Common Turkic
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1846:Western Yugur
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1661:Crimean Tatar
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1518:
1511:
1505:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1412:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
982:
981:
979:
966:
963:
960:
959:Ugra standoff
956:
953:
950:
946:
944:
940:
937:
933:
929:
926:
922:
919:
915:
912:
911:Qasim Khanate
908:
905:
901:
898:
897:Kazan Khanate
894:
891:
887:
884:
880:
879:
868:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
831:
827:
817:
815:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:
769:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
697:
693:
689:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
615:Turkic tribes
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:confederation
569:
547:
545:
542:
541:
533:
531:
528:
527:
519:
517:
514:
513:
510:
504:
501:
494:
493:
490:
487:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
442:
438:
432:
428:
424:
420:
417:
414:
412:
408:
405:
402:
398:
395:
392:
388:
385:
382:
378:
375:
372:
368:
365:
362:
358:
351:
346:
326:
317:
306:
295:
284:
273:
264:
262:
253:
242:
231:
220:
209:
198:
196:NORTHERN YUAN
189:
178:
167:
158:
149:
140:
129:
118:
107:
96:
94:SIBIR KHANATE
87:
76:
67:
57:
49:
41:
32:
27:
20:
3083:Nogai people
3053:Tatar states
3004:
2949:Golden Horde
2796:Qalandariyya
2771:Christianity
2582:Turkmenistan
2520: /
2511:Turco-Mongol
1950:Azerbaijanis
1542:
1535:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1495:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1419:
1411:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1264:under Ismael
1258:Arslan Mirza
1157:
975:
972:Independence
932:Golden Horde
833:
810:
801:
797:
789:
785:
771:
767:
761:
746:
732:
720:Crimean Khan
701:
642:
629:
627:
603:Genghis Khan
595:Golden Horde
592:
567:
565:
489:Golden Horde
471:Succeeded by
470:
465:
260:
154:
74:PHAGMODRUPAS
3005:Nogai Horde
2997:White Horde
2965:Great Horde
2786:Malamatiyya
2438:Pan-Turkism
2418:Grey Wolves
2383:Oghuz Turks
2303:Afghanistan
2088:Qarai Turks
2018:Karakalpaks
1786:Sakha/Yakut
1676:FuyĂĽ GĂŻrgĂŻs
1631:Azerbaijani
1353:(1622–1634)
1309:(1597–1600)
1307:Tin Muhamed
1303:(1590–1597)
1276:Small Horde
1213:1551: near
1175:established
943:Great Horde
888:1406–1419:
764:social unit
708:Caspian Sea
696:lower Volga
568:Nogai Horde
466:Preceded by
404:Sunni Islam
340: 1500
205:WHITE SHEEP
116:GRAND DUCHY
65:MOGHULISTAN
23:Nogai Horde
3042:Categories
2957:Blue Horde
2766:Burkhanism
2731:Aiyy Faith
2650:Nakhchivan
2587:Uzbekistan
2567:Kyrgyzstan
2562:Kazakhstan
2557:Azerbaijan
2428:Burkhanism
2254:Montenegro
2218:Dodecanese
1879:Old Uyghur
1864:Old Turkic
1766:Old Turkic
1701:Karakalpak
1529:References
1351:Kanai Khan
1323:, fled to
1280:Kabardians
1268:Kazi Mirza
1226:Yosuf Khan
1220:Mamay Khan
1201:Musa Mirza
883:Nogai Khan
798:Nur-al-Din
790:Nur-al-Din
786:Nur-al-Din
762:The basic
655:(from the
630:Nur-al-Din
599:Nogai Khan
411:Demonym(s)
29:1440s–1634
2812:Zahediyeh
2807:Safaviyya
2756:Bayramiye
2751:Batiniyya
2726:Shamanism
2709:Religions
2700:Turkology
2660:Tatarstan
2645:Khakassia
2615:Chuvashia
2541:Locations
2518:Tian Shan
2494:Migration
2469:Turkestan
2452:Hungarian
2443:Turkesism
2140:Kryashens
2128:Astrakhan
2053:Krymchaks
2013:Karachays
1934:Telengits
1930:Kumandins
1856:Alphabets
1686:Ili Turki
1596:Languages
1457:Black Sea
1317:Astrakhan
1285:Tin Ahmad
852:Circassia
848:Wallachia
778:Saraychik
716:Black Sea
645:Black Sea
400:Religion
374:Saray-JĂĽk
304:SULTANATE
251:SULTANATE
114:LITHUANIA
3078:Khanates
2776:Hurufism
2721:Tengrism
2670:Xinjiang
2625:Gagauzia
2474:Mongolia
2448:Turanism
2423:Kemalism
2411:Politics
2373:Kipchaks
2353:Göktürks
2348:Dughlats
2202:Bulgaria
2190:Abkhazia
2165:Turkmens
2148:Nağaybäk
1978:Bashkirs
1942:Tubalars
1926:Chelkans
1920:Altaians
1874:Cyrillic
1776:Pecheneg
1741:Krymchak
1646:Chagatai
1619:Southern
1614:Northern
1512:, p. 149
1358:See also
1329:Azov Sea
1325:Caucasus
1272:Jaxartes
1262:Keikuvat
1207:Sheidiak
949:Ottomans
844:Moldavia
802:Keikuvat
661:Dniester
611:Manghits
605:through
588:Manghuds
2853:Chovgan
2833:Kyz kuu
2746:Alevism
2683:Studies
2479:History
2462:Origins
2393:TĂĽrgesh
2363:Khazars
2358:Karluks
2338:Bulgars
2313:(Sakha)
2291:Uyghurs
2270:Tunisia
2258:Romania
2238:Lebanon
2206:Croatia
2194:Algeria
2183:Turkish
2175:Iranian
2160:Tofalar
2132:Chinese
2093:Qashqai
2078:Naimans
2023:Kazakhs
2003:Dolgans
1988:Chuvash
1983:Chulyms
1973:Balkars
1965:Georgia
1961:Armenia
1938:Teleuts
1915:Afshars
1907:Peoples
1884:Persian
1821:Turkmen
1816:Turkish
1781:Qashqai
1736:Kipchak
1656:Chuvash
1636:Bashkir
1441:May 31,
1327:, then
1321:Kalmyks
1313:Isterek
1215:Urgench
1079:locals.
1066:Decline
927:founded
920:founded
906:founded
899:founded
871:History
864:Podolia
814:Mirza's
757:Bukhara
739:Kypchak
724:Kalmyks
683:Society
665:Yedisan
659:to the
623:Manghit
584:Kalmyks
422:History
370:Capital
324:MALACCA
291:OTTOMAN
238:TIMURID
227:SHAYBA-
216:VIJAYA-
176:DYNASTY
147:MUSCOVY
127:KHANATE
105:KHANATE
103:CRIMEAN
2843:Kokpar
2838:Jereed
2801:Rifaʽi
2791:Qadiri
2620:Crimea
2577:Turkey
2527:Otuken
2388:Shatuo
2378:K'o-sa
2343:Cumans
2333:Bulaqs
2317:Yugurs
2311:Yakuts
2296:Uzbeks
2286:Tuvans
2262:Serbia
2234:Kosovo
2230:Israel
2214:Cyprus
2171:Afghan
2144:Mishar
2122:Tatars
2083:Nogais
2073:Kumyks
2058:Kyrgyz
2043:Khalaj
2038:Khakas
2008:Gagauz
1836:Uyghur
1756:Kyrgyz
1726:Khazar
1721:Khalaj
1716:Khakas
1711:Kazakh
1696:Karaim
1681:Gagauz
1671:Dolgan
1651:Chulym
1641:Bulgar
1604:Afshar
1589:topics
1587:Turkic
1538:, 2004
1432:
1345:Crimea
1341:vassal
1337:Persia
1333:Poland
1150:1783:
957:1480:
947:1475:
923:1466:
916:1465:
909:1452:
902:1449:
895:1438:
862:". In
850:, and
749:nomads
742:Turkic
704:Nogais
673:Crimea
657:Danube
653:Budjak
576:Nogais
570:was a
425:
360:Status
302:MAMLUK
293:EMPIRE
261:Tungus
240:EMPIRE
218:NAGARA
187:OIRATS
156:NOGAIS
136:ASTRA-
125:KHAZAN
2848:Jigit
2741:Islam
2655:Sakha
2433:Jadid
2368:Kimek
2278:Yemen
2266:Syria
2242:Libya
2222:Egypt
2210:Crete
2152:Volga
2136:Lipka
2103:Shors
2098:Salar
2065:China
2030:China
1841:Uzbek
1826:Tuvan
1806:Tatar
1791:Salar
1761:Nogai
1746:Kumyk
1666:Cuman
1609:Altai
1375:Notes
1230:Kazan
1171:1928
1027:1571
999:1547
936:Sarai
890:Edigu
856:Tatar
794:Volga
773:mirza
677:Kuban
619:Edigu
607:Jochi
439:1440s
416:Nogai
394:Nogai
384:Nogai
364:Horde
249:DELHI
207:TURKS
83:CHAM-
2665:Tuva
2532:OÄźuz
2398:Uzes
2226:Iraq
1957:Iran
1831:Urum
1811:Tofa
1796:Shor
1626:Ă„ynu
1443:2012
1430:ISBN
1234:Yaik
828:and
806:Emba
782:Yaik
768:ulus
753:Yaik
733:The
566:The
452:1634
315:SEON
282:XANG
229:NIDS
185:FOUR
174:MING
138:KHAN
47:1500
2300:in
2187:in
2062:in
2027:in
1954:in
1428:–.
1426:106
1343:of
1244:Beg
854:by
712:Bey
669:Bug
663:),
313:JO-
280:LAN
271:AVA
3044::
2276:,
2272:,
2268:,
2264:,
2260:,
2256:,
2252:,
2248:,
2244:,
2240:,
2236:,
2232:,
2228:,
2224:,
2220:,
2216:,
2212:,
2208:,
2204:,
2200:,
2196:,
2192:,
2173:,
2150:,
2146:,
2142:,
2138:,
2134:,
2130:,
1963:,
1959:,
1940:,
1936:,
1932:,
1928:,
1464:^
980:.
846:,
842:,
808:.
730:.
597:,
337:c.
85:PA
2940:e
2933:t
2926:v
2909:.
2803:*
2454:)
2450:(
1572:e
1565:t
1558:v
1476:.
1445:.
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