206:, welfare officers were less involved because their role had induced stigma. Responsibility for control of leprosy was transferred to the prefectures. The names of patients previously reported to the head of police stations were reported to governors of prefectures. In November 1947, the Ministry of Welfare commented on the "No leprosy patients in our prefecture" movement. It stated that the elimination of leprosy was important for the building of a cultural state, and therefore, should be accomplished. Hospitalization should be commenced with the most contagious patients. In 1949, the government advised that training courses for physicians and technicians should begin; physical examination of all citizens should occur and patients should be hospitalised, even on rumour. In 1952,
210:, an hospitalised leprosy patient from Kumamoto, was tried, found guilty and executed for murder. His execution was contentious because some people felt he was being unfairly treated because he was a leper. By 1955, the government bodies responsible for control of leprosy included the ministry of welfare; the prefectures; the departments of public health and medicine; the section of tuberculosis prevention and the national sanatoria. Working for the movement were medical schools and physicians, news media, women's groups, schools and religious groups. Physicians who lectured for the movement included
1233:
of the national Hansen's disease patients councils. In the first place, it is to be stressed that the law aimed at the segregation of leprosy patients, at the erasure of leprosy patients from the society to create a safe society of healthy people. This planted an erroneous concept that people with leprosy were dangerous people requiring segregation and justifying segregation. In 1931, our Otani section started an Ohtani
Komyokai in order to advance the no leprosy in our prefecture movement in accord with
1241:. We could not recognize the significance of segregatory policy of leprosy which committed an outrage upon human rights. We did comfort sermons to patients, but the sermons might be only helpful in persuading them to accept the present situation, namely, segregation. Now we have to accept criticisms and have to repent of our sins. We apologize to patients with leprosy and their families who had endured the sufferings of segregation for committing our failure.
1232:
The 1931 leprosy prevention law of Japan aimed at the segregation of leprosy patients for the safety of healthy individuals. Later, the necessity of segregation was negated scientifically. With several amendments of the law, the leprosy prevention law was finally outlawed through longtime endeavors
119:
The governor of each prefecture raised funds for the building of leprosy sanatoriums. The movement and its slogans, for example, "donate 10-tsubo houses (33.058 square meters) to sanatoriums", were publicised in newspapers, radio, film advertisements, and through religious groups, schools and other
132:
were most supportive of the movement. Kiyotatsu
Tatsuda, the governor of Tottori prefecture, raised funds for the movement, invited Mitsuda to give lectures about the movement and built six houses in the Airakuen sanatorium to accommodate leprosy patients from Tottori Prefecture.
177:
of the patients, their families and their neighbourhoods. Some patients were transferred beyond their own neighbourhoods, increasing their isolation. The conditions in sanatoriums suffered from overcrowding. Food ran short. In 1936, riots occurred and some patients escaped.
193:
which later became a film. She wrote of her experiences in persuading people with leprosy in remote areas to be hospitalised. Some criticised Ogawa for accelerating the "No leprosy patients in our prefecture" movement and giving an impression that leprosy was to be feared.
110:
was its president. The birthday of the empress, around 25 June, marked the beginning of an annual
Leprosy Prevention Week. In 1952, at the time of the death of the empress, the name of the Leprosy Prevention Association was changed to Tofu Kyokai.
1257:
In 2001, compensation to patients hospitalised between 1960 and 1998 was legislated. The compensation varied between 8,000,000 yen to 14,000,000 yen per person.
120:
organisations. For example, a Jodo
Shinshu school founded an association called Otani Komyokai to popularise the movement. Patients were forcibly hospitalised.
202:
On 31 December 1947, the
Japanese government's Ministry of Interior Affairs, which had been responsible leprosy control, was abolished. After
1249:
published statements of apology to leprosy patients and their families. Several prefectural governors made apologies at public sanatoriums.
74:
In 1927, the
Japanese government planned the dissolution of leprosy communities (leper colonies). The district welfare officers of
102:. Together, the welfare officers and Mitsuda initiated the movement. In 1931, the concept was made law. In the same year, the
1436:
1245:
In 2001, when the leprosy prevention law was ruled unconstitutional, the Prime
Minister, the Minister of Welfare, and the
99:
54:, (Hansen's disease), a readily transmissible, previously incurable, chronic infectious disease caused by
87:
189:
was a
Japanese physician who worked at the Nagashima Aiseien sanatorium. In 1938, she wrote the book,
1494:
1489:
62:
in Japan. This was to be achieved by caring for those affected by the disease in government funded
215:
138:
82:
and
Soichiro Shiotani, studied the conditions of the communities of the Honmyoji Temple in
55:
8:
128:
Public interest in the movement varied between prefectures and over time. The people of
83:
154:
150:
134:
129:
59:
1432:
1429:
Hansenbyo
Shimingakkai Nenpo 2007(Hansen's disease citizen's association report) 2007
146:
142:
1419:
Leprosy in Yamaguchi Prefecture, especially no leprosy movement and its development
1238:
158:
107:
91:
75:
1476:
1996 p. 120 Shinshu Otaniha (a kind of Jodo Shinshu, True Pure Land School)
1234:
211:
207:
95:
47:
1427:
Tsutomu Sato, 2007, On the beginning of no leprosy in our prefecture movement,
174:
162:
103:
50:
which began between 1929 and 1934. Its mission was to systematically eliminate
1228:
The following apology was issued by the Ohtani Sect of Jōdo Shinshu Buddhism:
94:, the director of the sanatorium. Uchida and Shiotani brought the patients to
1483:
1246:
223:
79:
43:
1449:
219:
203:
186:
63:
51:
1266:
86:. Six patients wished to enter the Kyushu Sanatorium, (later
40:
1421:
Mar 2006, in the Journal of History of Yamaguchi Prefecture.
235:
Statistics of patients in 1955 and at the end of 1940
1388:The right column number is from Tottori Prefecture
1481:
1469:1955, Tofu Kyokai (Japanese Leprosy Foundation).
1379:1955, Tofu Kyokai (Japanese Leprosy Foundation)
28:
37:No Leprosy Patients in Our Prefecture Movement
22:
255:Patients not hospitalized at the end of 1940
252:Patients not hospitalized at the end of 1955
243:Patients not hospitalized at the end of 1954
106:founded the Leprosy Prevention Association.
1424:Tofukyokai, Tofu Dayori, 2002, p. 14.
1412:No leprosy movement in Tottori Prefecture
173:The forced hospitalisation increased the
1482:
13:
197:
123:
14:
1506:
1460:Hansen's disease and Christianity
1237:, without hearing the opinion of
90:). However, they were refused by
1391:
1382:
1369:
1360:
1252:
181:
114:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1:
1444:Sabetsusha no Bokuni Sasageru
1404:
229:
1474:Hansen's disease and Shinshu
1455:1938 Nagasaki Jirou Shoten.
1272:
1223:
100:Nagashima Aiseien Sanatorium
7:
1260:
168:
29:
10:
1511:
88:Kikuchi Keifuen Sanatorium
39:, was a government funded
1414:2008, Tottori Prefecture.
69:
23:
1453:Spring in a small island
191:Spring in a Small Island
1462:. 1996, Iwanami shoten.
1243:
216:Fumio Hayashi (doctor)
165:were also supportive.
1230:
246:Increase during 1955
1410:Tottori Prefecture,
139:Yamaguchi Prefecture
1339:Tottori Prefecture
1192:?(Under US control)
1189:?(Under US control)
1186:?(Under US control)
1183:?(Under US control)
236:
84:Kumamoto Prefecture
1417:Hiroaki Sugiyama,
1330:Tottori Prefecture
234:
155:Saitama Prefecture
151:Okayama Prefecture
135:Fukuoka Prefecture
130:Tottori Prefecture
1437:978-4-7927-2095-7
1366:Tofu Association
1321:Shinshu Ohtaniha
1219:
1218:
147:Toyama Prefecture
143:Miyagi Prefecture
1502:
1495:Health campaigns
1490:Leprosy in Japan
1467:Leprosy in Japan
1446:1978, Banseisha.
1442:Kazushi Miyake,
1398:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1377:Leprosy in Japan
1373:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1319:
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1310:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1239:Noboru Ogasawara
237:
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159:Aichi Prefecture
108:Eiichi Shibusawa
92:Matsuki Miyazaki
76:Aichi Prefecture
34:
32:
26:
25:
1510:
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1307:
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1298:
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1275:
1263:
1255:
1235:Kensuke Mitsuda
1226:
232:
212:Kensuke Mitsuda
208:Matsuo Fujimoto
200:
198:Second movement
184:
171:
126:
124:Public response
117:
96:Kensuke Mitsuda
72:
48:social movement
20:
12:
11:
5:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1478:
1477:
1472:Eishi Nomura,
1470:
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199:
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183:
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175:leprosy stigma
170:
167:
163:Mie Prefecture
125:
122:
116:
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104:Empress Teimei
71:
68:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1507:
1496:
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1465:Tofu Kyokai,
1464:
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1430:
1426:
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1394:
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1378:
1375:Tofu Kyokai,
1372:
1363:
1354:
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1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1265:
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1258:
1250:
1248:
1247:National Diet
1242:
1240:
1236:
1229:
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1214:
1211:
1208:
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1202:
1199:
1198:
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268:
265:
262:
259:
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254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:
227:
225:
224:Mamoru Uchida
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
195:
192:
188:
179:
176:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
121:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
80:Mamoru Uchida
77:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:public health
42:
38:
31:
30:Muraiken Undō
19:
18:Muraiken Undō
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1450:Masako Ogawa
1443:
1428:
1418:
1411:
1393:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1256:
1253:Compensation
1244:
1231:
1227:
1220:
220:Isamu Tajiri
204:World War II
201:
190:
187:Masako Ogawa
185:
182:Masako Ogawa
172:
127:
118:
115:The movement
73:
58:, from each
36:
17:
15:
1458:Eiko Arai,
1439:p. 44.
64:sanatoriums
1484:Categories
1405:References
1160:Kagoshima
960:Tokushima
940:Yamaguchi
920:Hiroshima
620:Yamanashi
520:Kanagawa川
380:Fukushima
240:Prefecture
230:Statistics
60:prefecture
1303:Siguyama
1285:Yamamoto
1273:Footnotes
1224:Apologies
1140:Miyazaki
1100:Kumamoto
1080:Nagasaki
840:Wakayama
680:Shizuoka
580:Ishikawa
360:Yamagata
260:Hokkaido
56:M. leprae
1261:See also
1180:Okinawa
1040:Fukuoka
900:Okayama
880:Shimane
860:Tottori
540:Niigata
460:Saitama
420:Tochigi
400:Ibaragi
249:Decrease
169:Problems
41:Japanese
1397:Nomura
1312:Miyake
980:Kagawa
640:Nagano
560:Toyama
320:Miyagi
280:Aomori
98:at the
52:leprosy
1435:
1348:Ogawa
1200:Total
1020:Kochi
1000:Ehime
800:Hyogo
780:Osaka
760:Kyoto
740:Shiga
700:Aichi
600:Fukui
500:Tokyo
480:Chiba
440:Gunma
340:Akita
300:Iwate
70:Origin
1357:Arai
1294:Sato
1267:NIMBY
1215:6573
1212:1,113
1203:1,366
1120:Oita
1060:Saga
820:Nara
660:Gifu
35:, or
24:無癩県運動
1433:ISBN
1195:761
1175:567
1155:278
1135:114
1115:629
1095:172
1035:175
995:121
815:242
795:337
735:106
720:Mie
715:356
695:120
675:161
515:112
455:393
355:119
295:220
222:and
161:and
46:and
16:The
1209:753
1206:500
1172:108
1169:105
1163:195
1103:121
1075:90
1055:97
1015:84
975:77
955:10
935:58
915:32
895:96
875:41
855:91
835:67
775:64
755:86
655:54
635:39
615:50
595:41
575:22
555:53
535:50
495:14
475:19
435:63
415:53
395:80
375:63
315:66
275:23
1486::
1431:,
1166:18
1152:39
1149:22
1146:11
1143:50
1132:40
1129:14
1123:46
1112:94
1109:53
1106:26
1092:38
1089:38
1086:14
1083:62
1052:18
1049:24
1046:23
1043:19
1032:14
1029:15
1026:23
1012:14
1009:17
1006:18
1003:13
992:13
989:10
983:15
972:30
963:30
952:10
949:12
946:10
943:12
932:28
926:11
923:26
912:14
903:16
892:17
883:18
872:17
863:22
843:13
829:12
826:12
812:77
809:42
806:27
803:92
792:83
789:33
786:38
783:78
772:31
769:12
766:14
763:29
752:10
732:63
729:35
726:25
723:73
712:65
709:49
706:26
703:87
689:15
686:13
672:27
663:27
612:16
603:16
592:12
583:14
552:12
543:16
526:11
509:29
506:29
489:12
483:15
469:11
429:14
423:14
409:11
392:16
383:17
372:15
369:13
363:23
352:44
343:43
335:7
332:19
323:18
312:33
309:12
303:42
292:27
283:31
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909:7
906:5
889:6
886:5
869:7
866:2
852:9
849:7
846:3
832:8
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749:7
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692:5
683:7
669:6
666:6
652:2
649:1
646:2
643:1
632:2
629:6
626:5
623:3
609:9
606:9
589:4
586:2
572:5
569:6
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563:7
549:5
546:1
532:2
529:9
523:0
512:9
503:9
492:5
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449:5
446:7
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432:2
426:2
412:1
406:8
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386:7
366:5
349:5
346:6
329:6
326:7
306:3
289:8
286:4
272:6
269:6
266:7
263:5
33:)
21:(
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