46:
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29:
505:
444:
642:
Invernizzi A., «New
Archaeological Research in Old Nisa, 1990–1991», in The Art and Archaeology of Ancient Persia. New Light on the Parthian and Sasanian Empire, ed. V. Sarkhosh Curtis, R. Hillenbrand, J.M. Rogers, London-New York, 8–13.
649:
Invernizzi A., «Parthian Nisa. New Lines of
Research», in J. Wiesehöfer (ed.), Das Partherreich und seine Zeugnisse, Beiträge des internationalen Colloquiums – Eutin, 1996, (Historia Einzelschriften, 122), Stuttgart, 45–59.
680:
Invernizzi A., «The culture of Nisa, between steppe and empire», After
Alexander-Central Asia before Islam. Themes in the history and archaeology of Western Central Asia, British Academy Conference, 23–25 June
673:
LIPPOLIS C., «Nisa-Mithradatkert: the building to the north of the Round Hall. Preliminary Report of the 2000–2001 excavations campaign», Central Asia
Cultural Values, vol. I, n. 2, June 2003, p. 1–17.
639:
Invernizzi A., «Archaeological research in Old Nisa 1990–1994», in La Persia e l’Asia
Centrale da Alessandro al X secolo, Atti dei Convegni Lincei, 127, Roma, pp. 237–249. 1996
2355:
776:
2345:
626:): Bibliography. Publications of Centro Scavi di Torino and contributions of the members of the Italian Expeditions to Nisa. Retrieved: 30 August 2009.</ref>
677:
LIPPOLIS C., book review of PILIPKO V.N., Staraja Nisa – Osnovnye itogi arheologicheskogo izuchenija v sovetskij period, su
Parthica 5, 2003, p. 3–13. 2003
769:
2315:
630:
MASSON M.E., PUGACHENKOVA G.A., The
Parthians rhytons of Nisa, Monografie di Mesopotamia (Introduction by A. Invernizzi), Firenze, Le Lettere. 1982
866:
45:
2310:
2300:
762:
738:
785:
659:
Invernizzi A., «Arsacid
Palaces», in The Royal Palace Institution in the 1st Millennium BC (Ed. I. Nielsen), Athens, pp. 295–312. 2001
518:
2024:
914:
636:
GABUTTI A., «The
Italian Excavation in Old Nisa: the Northern Corner of the Round Hall Complex», Mesopotamia XXXI, pp. 161–177, 1996
1959:
412:
Excavations at Nisa have revealed substantial buildings, mausoleums and shrines, many inscribed documents, and a looted treasury. Many
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633:
Invernizzi A., KOSHELENKO G.A., «Soviet-Italian
Excavations in Old Nisa (Season 1990) », Mesopotamia, XXV, pp. 47–50. 1990
1048:
73:
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833:
705:
732:
662:
LIPPOLIS C., book review of V.N. PILIPKO, Staraja Nisa. Zdanie s Kvadratnym Zalom, Moskva, 1996, su Parthica, 3, 2001, 2001
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859:
476:
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667:
KOSHELENKO G, LAPCHIN A., «Ricerche nel complesso del Tempio Rotondo a Nisa Vecchia», Parthica 4, pp. 9–45. 2002
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355:, although it has not been established that the fortress at Nisa was either a royal residence or a mausoleum.
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A second century BC helmet with Hellenistic influences protects the head of a Parthian warrior from Nisa.
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397:(reigned c. 171 BC–138 BC). The region was famous for the beauty, agility and strength of its horses.
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Invernizzi A., «Old Nisa and the Art of the Steppes», Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 10, 33–38. 1998
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Invernizzi A., «Representations of Gods in Parthian Nisa», Parthica 7 (2005), pp. 71–80. 2005
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LIPPOLIS C., «Novije Issledovanija Staroj Nisji», Kulturnye Ziennosti 2000–2001, Ashkhabad. 2003
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343:, 18 km west of the city center. Nisa is described by some as the first seat of the
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Invernizzi A., «Thoughts on Parthian Nisa», in Parthica 6, pp. 133–143. 2004
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Invernizzi A., «The Square House at Old Nisa», Parthica 2, pp. 13–53. 2000
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Nisa was a major trading hub in the Parthian Empire. It was later renamed
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Invernizzi A., «Arsacid Dynastic Art», Parthica 3, pp. 133–157. 2001
351:(reigned c. 250 BC–211 BC) and was reputedly the royal residence of the
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Recent conservation work on murals from the city (in Russian)
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416:
works have been uncovered, as well as a large number of
741:, State Committee of Turkmenistan for Tourism and Sport
443:
347:. It is traditionally assumed to have been founded by
2356:
Populated places disestablished in the 2nd century BC
608:
Oppian of Apamea, Cynegetica or The Chase, §1.306–315
2346:Populated places established in the 3rd century BC
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519:List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan
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700:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–432.
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624:Italian Archaeological Mission in Old Nisa
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52:
27:
2178:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
745:Location of Ancient Nisa on OpenStreetMap
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426:
2316:Former populated places in Turkmenistan
2025:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
915:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
690:
2293:
2280:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great
834:Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor
697:The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History
393:'fortress of Mithradates') by
16:Ancient capital of the Parthian Empire
848:
758:
358:In 2007, the fortress was declared a
294:400.3 ha (1.546 sq mi)
2311:World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan
2301:Archaeological sites in Turkmenistan
786:World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan
383:
286:77.9 ha (0.301 sq mi)
2235:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
735:, Ayan Tourism & Travel Company
327:) was an ancient settlement of the
13:
2230:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
1231:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
581:
60:Shown within West and Central Asia
14:
2367:
1641:Desert castles of ancient Khorezm
716:
566:UNESCO names World Heritage sites
400:Nisa was totally destroyed by an
88:Nisa, Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan)
63:Show map of West and Central Asia
2351:2nd-century BC disestablishments
622:Sorted by year then author (see
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475:
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451:
442:
79:
72:
51:
44:
2240:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
1510:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
728:Archaeological Missions in Nisa
616:
582:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
2275:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
2220:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
723:Annotated Parthia Bibliography
601:
575:
558:
547:
543:Suda Encyclopedia, § iota.578
536:
431:Nisa seen from its western end
407:
1:
1226:Silk Road transmission of art
584:"Parthian Fortresses of Nisa"
529:
2225:Kandahar Aramaic inscription
7:
829:Parthian Fortresses of Nisa
554:Suda Encyclopedia, § nu.425
499:
246:Parthian Fortresses of Nisa
10:
2372:
524:Elena Abramovna Davidovich
482:Oblique view of Nisa ruins
435:
404:during the 1st decade BC.
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312:
256:Cultural: (ii), (iii)
236:UNESCO World Heritage Site
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2173:Mogao Christian painting
1746:Zarautsoy Rock Paintings
1460:Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen
1450:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
395:Mithridates I of Parthia
91:Show map of Turkmenistan
2270:Saksanokhur gold buckle
2158:Hephthalite silver bowl
2035:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
1075:Second Turkic Khaganate
876:History of Central Asia
796:Cold Winter Deserts of
514:History of Turkmenistan
2341:210s BC establishments
2336:250s BC establishments
2250:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
2010:Alexandria Prophthasia
1035:First Turkic Khaganate
970:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
664:pp. 221–234. 2001
509:
432:
320:
2331:Parthian architecture
2060:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
1435:Karsakpay inscription
890:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
507:
430:
148:37.96667°N 58.19500°E
101:Alternative name
1867:Kutlug Timur Minaret
1402:Noin-Ula burial site
1200:Chinese Central Asia
739:Historical site Nisa
313:Νῖσος, Νίσα, Νίσαιον
203:Associated with
2260:Siberian Ice Maiden
2050:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
1465:Petrovka settlement
1195:Soviet Central Asia
1120:Great Seljuq Empire
360:World Heritage Site
331:, located near the
144: /
23:
2210:Buddhas of Bamiyan
2163:Chilek silver bowl
2030:Buddhas of Bamiyan
1706:Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
1495:Talapty Settlement
1281:Filippovka kurgans
1170:Khanate of Bukhara
1130:Khwarazmian Empire
1055:Ikhshids of Sogdia
900:Afanasievo culture
510:
494:View of Nisa ruins
458:Views of Nisa wall
433:
333:Bagyr neighborhood
243:Official name
153:37.96667; 58.19500
21:
2288:
2287:
2265:Ai-Khanoum plaque
2136:
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1940:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
1216:Central Asian art
1190:Russian Turkestan
1185:Chinese Turkestan
1085:Abbasid Caliphate
1049:Anxi Protectorate
995:Kushano-Sasanians
960:Macedonian Empire
955:Achaemenid Empire
925:Andronovo culture
905:Sintashta culture
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841:
803:Bereketli Garagum
707:978-0-19-987575-7
470:View of Nisa gate
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2321:Nishapur Quarter
2255:Seal of Khingila
2183:Penjikent murals
1804:Kalai Kafirnigan
1691:Koi Krylgan Kala
1500:Turkistan (city)
1485:Steppe Geoglyphs
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1180:Khanate of Khiva
1140:Chagatai Khanate
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2128:Shahr-e Sukhteh
2118:Bandian complex
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2080:Musalla Complex
1960:Tapa-i Kafariha
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1822:Cave of Dzhebel
1808:
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1515:Araltobe kurgan
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1253:Southern Russia
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1090:Tahirid dynasty
1060:Tokhara Yabghus
965:Seleucid Empire
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895:Yamnaya culture
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1877:Monjukli Depe
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1300:
1297:
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1294:
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1291:Western China
1288:
1282:
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1276:Salbyk kurgan
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1266:Arzhan kurgan
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376:Mithradātkert
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211:Mithridates I
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106:Mithradatkirt
103:
99:
75:
47:
37:
30:
25:
19:
2192:
2123:Mount Khajeh
2090:Qala-i-Jangi
2070:Khair Khaneh
1975:Khair Khaneh
1886:
1882:Namazga-Tepe
1837:Anau culture
1814:Turkmenistan
1731:Tavka Kurgan
1626:Balalyk Tepe
1543:Burana Tower
1533:Aigyr-Zhal 2
1425:Issyk kurgan
1160:Kart dynasty
1155:Sufi dynasty
1145:Golden Horde
1070:Oghuz Yabgus
1045:Tang dynasty
1010:Hephthalites
935:Uyuk culture
828:
696:
621:
617:Bibliography
603:
591:. Retrieved
587:
577:
560:
549:
538:
411:
399:
375:
373:
357:
341:Turkmenistan
324:
304:
303:
121:Turkmenistan
18:
2326:Ahal Region
2215:Kabul hoard
2148:Sokh snakes
2100:Surkh Kotal
2065:Haji Piyada
2040:Darra-e Kur
2005:Yemshi Tepe
2000:Tillya Tepe
1995:Tepe Fullol
1985:Tepe Narenj
1980:Tapa Sardar
1970:Fondukistan
1935:Tapa Shotor
1915:Tepe Fullol
1907:Afghanistan
1736:Toprak-Kala
1721:Shahrukhiya
1671:Kampir Tepe
1661:Itchan Kala
1616:Ancient Pap
1573:Shakh Fazil
1445:Krasnyi Yar
1349:Mogao Caves
1309:Kizil Caves
1245:Archaeology
1110:Farighunids
1065:Turk Shahis
1005:Alchon Huns
408:Excavations
325:Parthaunisa
274:2007 (31st
271:Inscription
151: /
127:Coordinates
104:Parthaunisa
2295:Categories
2095:Rag-i-Bibi
1920:Ai-Khanoum
1852:Gonur Depe
1847:Dev-Kesken
1784:Kafir-kala
1774:Ajina tepe
1756:Tajikistan
1716:Sarmishsay
1701:Kyzyl-Kala
1681:Khalchayan
1666:Kafir-kala
1646:Fayaz Tepe
1631:Burchmulla
1593:Uzbekistan
1583:Tash Rabat
1558:Manas Ordo
1525:Kyrgyzstan
1412:Kazakhstan
1115:Ghaznavids
1020:Ustrushana
1015:Tocharians
945:Massagetae
813:, Yeradzhi
530:References
402:earthquake
217:Site notes
167:Settlement
139:58°11′42″E
2141:Artifacts
2015:Aq Kupruk
1965:Mes Aynak
1897:Ulug Depe
1832:Altyndepe
1779:Cyropolis
1769:Penjikent
1741:Varakhsha
1676:Kara Tepe
1621:Ayaz-Kala
1611:Akhsikath
1601:Afrasiyab
1548:Issyk-Kul
1538:Balasagun
1384:Beshbalik
1261:Sintashta
1221:Silk Road
1150:Ilkhanate
1105:Ma'munids
1000:Kidarites
807:Gaplaňgyr
349:Arsaces I
329:Parthians
261:Reference
222:Condition
207:Arsaces I
177:Abandoned
136:37°58′0″N
2075:Mundigak
2055:Firozkoh
1945:Shotorak
1764:Bunjikat
1656:Hazorasp
1480:Shilikty
1470:Boralday
1394:Mongolia
1329:Dunhuang
1100:Samanids
1030:Farghana
883:Polities
694:(2012).
570:BBC News
500:See also
380:Parthian
337:Ashgabat
252:Criteria
198:Parthian
195:Cultures
180:100 B.C.
117:Ashgabat
113:Location
2020:Asqalan
1955:Bimaran
1950:Paitava
1892:Togolok
1827:Abiward
1711:Poykent
1696:Koktepe
1563:Navekat
1440:Kerderi
1430:Jankent
1379:Kashgar
1354:Tumshuq
1299:Bulayïq
1209:Culture
1025:Khuttal
985:Xiongnu
811:Repetek
436:Gallery
391:
370:History
323:; also
317:Turkmen
276:Session
185:Periods
172:History
2085:Nagara
1857:Jeitun
1789:Sarazm
1475:Sawran
1420:Begash
1374:Khotan
1369:Loulan
980:Yuezhi
704:
593:2 July
420:, and
364:UNESCO
225:Ruined
1930:Hadda
1686:Khiva
1578:Suyab
1568:Özgön
1505:Urpek
1490:Sumbe
1455:Otrar
1344:Rawak
1334:Miran
1304:Kucha
798:Turan
681:2004.
321:Nusaý
108:Nusaý
2110:Iran
1887:Nisa
1872:Merv
1842:Anau
1339:Niya
920:Saka
824:Merv
702:ISBN
674:2003
650:1998
643:1998
595:2017
422:rims
389:lit.
305:Nisa
283:Area
265:1242
164:Type
22:Nisa
568:",
362:by
335:of
2297::
809:,
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386:,
382::
366:.
339:,
319::
315:;
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800:(
778:e
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564:"
378:(
307:(
278:)
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