Niqāb - Knowledge

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to show her face to a camera in a private room with only a female employee to take the picture, in exchange for the privilege of driving. The prevailing view in Florida is currently that hiding one's face on a form of photo identification defeats the purpose of having the picture taken, although 15 other states (including Arkansas, California, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, and Louisiana) have provisions that allow for driver's licenses absent of an identifying photograph in order to accommodate individuals who may have a religious reason to not have a photograph taken. In 2012, a string of armed robberies in

1984: 2000: 1442: 1968: 1777:, West Yorkshire, who lost her appeal against suspension from her job for wearing the niqab while teaching English to young children. It was decided that being unable to see her face prevented the children from learning effectively. Azmi, who had been interviewed and hired for the position without the niqab, allegedly on her husband's advice, argued it was helping the children understand different people's beliefs. In 2010, a man committed a bank robbery wearing a niqab as a disguise. 939: 7151: 411: 1859:, who is the first Indigenous person to be named as Justice Minister, explained as she withdrew Harper's appeal to the Supreme Court, "In all of our policy as a government we will ensure that we respect the values that make us Canadians, those of diversity, inclusion and respect for those fundamental values." The Justice Minister spoke with Zunera by telephone to tell her the news prior to making her official announcement. 1699:. Solberg also views the wearing of the niqab as a challenge to social boundaries in the Norwegian society, a challenge that would be countered by Norway setting boundaries of its own. Solberg also stated that anyone may wear what they wish in their spare time and that her comments applied to professional life but that any immigrant has the obligation to adapt to Norwegian work life and culture. 1061:, (Act Prohibiting Concealment of the Face in Public Space). This act outlawed the wearing of clothing that covers one's face in any public space. Violators of the ban on veils and coverings are liable to fines of up to 150 euros and mandatory classes on French citizenship. Anyone found to have forced a woman to wear a religious covering faces up to two years in prison as well as a €60,000 fine. 1371:, etc.) the vast majority of women cover their faces. The Saudi niqab usually leaves a long open slot for the eyes; the slot is held together by a string or narrow strip of cloth. In 2008, the Mohammad Habadan, a religious authority in Mecca, reportedly called on women to wear veils that reveal only one eye, so that women would not be encouraged to use eye make-up. 1304:, as incompatible with his ambitions to westernize the citizens of Iran and their traditional historical culture. Reza Shah ordered the police to arrest women who wore the niqab and hijab and to remove their face veils by force. This policy outraged the clerics who believed it was obligatory for women to cover their faces. Many women gathered at the 1885:

identity. The chief electoral officer received complaints that this policy was too accommodating of cultural minorities (a major theme in the election) and thereafter required accompaniment by bodyguards due to threatening telephone calls. All three major Quebec political parties were against the policy, with the

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vying for position as most opposed. The policy was soon changed to require all voters to show their face, even if they did not carry photo ID. However, Quebec residents who wear the niqāb stated they were not opposed to showing their faces for official purposes, such as voting. Salam Elmenyawi of the

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The niqāb became an issue in the 2007 election in Quebec after it became public knowledge that women wearing the niqāb were allowed to vote under the same rules as electors who did not present photo identification (ID); namely, by sworn oath in the presence of a third party who could vouch for their

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gained national attention in 2003 when she sued the US state of Florida for the right to wear a niqab for her driver's license photo. However, a Florida circuit court ruled there was no violation in the state requiring her to show her face to a camera in a private room with only a female employee to

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The niqab is outlawed in Azerbaijan, where the overwhelming majority of the population is Muslim. Niqabi women, just like women wearing hijab, cannot work as public servants, neither can they continue studies at schools, including the private schools. Although there is no single law banning niqab at

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is a relatively new style from Pakistan, which consists of a large triangular scarf with two additional pieces. A thin band on one edge is tied behind the head so as to keep the chador on, and then another larger rectangular piece is attached to one end of the triangle and is worn over the face, and

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consider the niqab as not compulsory for practicing Muslim women. Though similar, the niqab is distinct from the burqa by way of the eyes: a niqab does not cover the eyes, varies in the thickness of the material used, and has visible sleeves; but a burqa is elaborately designed with thicker material

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In 2002, Sultaana Freeman (formerly Sandra Keller, who converted to Islam in 1997 when marrying a Muslim man), sued the U.S. state of Florida for the right to wear a niqab for her driver's license photo. However, a Florida appellate court ruled that there was no violation in the state requiring her

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passed into law after a 66–51 vote in the Quebec National Assembly. The new law is entitled "An Act to foster adherence to State religious neutrality and, in particular, to provide a framework for requests for accommodation on religious grounds in certain bodies". However, regulations regarding the

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passed a law requiring people to "stick to traditional national clothes and culture", which has been widely seen as an attempt to prevent women from wearing traditional Islamic clothing, in particular the style of headscarf wrapped under the chin, in contrast to the traditional Tajik headscarf tied

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1,200 niqab-wearing teachers were transferred to administrative duties in the summer of 2010 in Syria because the face veil was undermining the secular policies followed by the state as far as education is concerned. In the summer of 2010, students wearing the niqab were prohibited from registering

573:, which flourished greatly throughout the late 20th century. It also consolidated the newfound religious and cultural dominance of Sunni-majority Saudi Arabia over the Arab countries as a whole, effectively serving as a social countermeasure to the religious and cultural influence of Shia-majority 1583:

forbids face-covering Muslim veils in all public places in France and calls for fines or citizenship classes, or both. The bill also is aimed at husbands and fathers – anyone convicted of forcing someone else to wear the garb risks a year of prison and a fine, with both penalties, doubled if the

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to regulate "the wearing of symbols indicating religious affiliation in public educational establishments". This law forbids all emblems that outwardly express a specific religious belief to be worn in French public schools. This law was proposed because the Stasi Commission, a committee that is

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completely covers the face. It consists of an upper band that is tied around the forehead, together with a long wide piece of fabric which covers the face, leaving an opening for the eyes. Many full niqab have two or more sheer layers attached to the upper band, which can be worn flipped down to

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was to prevent crime or terrorism. The law allows for exemptions for a "justified cause", which has sometimes been interpreted by courts as including religious reasons for wearing a veil, but others – including local governments – disagree and claim religion is not a "justified cause" in this

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specifically, although the niqab is not individually targeted, it falls within the scope of legislation which bans the wearing of any religious items (Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, or Buddhist) in state schools (universities are not affected), and another ban on face coverings (which also

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face-covering was approved by parliament. On 26 June 2018, a partial ban on face covering (including niqabs) on public transport and in buildings and associated yards of educational institutions, governmental institutions and healthcare institutions was enacted, with a number of exceptions.

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in August 2018 to a woman dressed in a niqab who was in a fistfight with another woman on an escalator in a shopping centre. During the fight, her face-covering veil fell off, but as police approached, she put it on again and police issued the fine. Both women were suspected of public order

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planned a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing, popularly described as the 'burqa ban', which included the niqab. In 2015, a partial ban of the niqab and burqa were approved by the Dutch government. The parliament still had to approve the measure. In November 2016, the legal ban on

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spent a semester in 2005 wearing a niqab for a class project (she referred to the face veil as a "burqa"). Her stated experiences, such as her own feeling as if no one wanted to be near her, led her to assert that conservative Muslim dress is disapproved of in the United States.

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The niqab is banned in the Canadian province of Quebec in all publicly funded services. Persons cannot receive public service or provide public service with their faces covered. This includes public transportation, hospitals, and courts amongst others. On 18 October 2017,

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denied a student's use of niqab in the classroom. The professor claimed Norway's parliament granted each teacher the right to deny the use of niqab in his/her classroom. Clothing that covers the face, such as a niqab, is prohibited in some schools and municipalities.

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Most Islamic scholars and most contemporary Islamic jurists have agreed that women are not required to cover their face. There exist a number of reasons why women may cover their face in public, and this practice must be understood within a particular social context.

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became much less common and instead most religious women wore headscarves only. Fashionable hotels and restaurants refused to admit women wearing niqabs. High schools and universities actively discouraged or even banned the niqab, though the headscarf was tolerated.

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The Moroccan government distributed letters to businesses on 9 January 2017 declaring a ban on the burka. The letters indicated the "sale, production and import" or the garment were prohibited and businesses were expected to clear their stock within 48 hours.

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believe no part of the skin should be visible other than the area immediately around the eyes or because they do not want to be put in a position where they would touch the hand of an unrelated man (for instance, when accepting change from a cashier). Most

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In modern Iran, the wearing of niqab is not common and is only worn by certain ethnic minorities and a minority of Arab Muslims in the southern Iranian coastal cities, such as Bandar Abbas, Minab and Bushehr. Some women in the Arab-populated province of

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has a complex and long history. On 8 October 2009, Egypt's top Islamic school and the world's leading school of Sunni Islam, Al-Azhar, banned the wearing of the niqab in classrooms and dormitories of all its affiliate schools and educational institutes.

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that he had been deliberately deceived by the bride's mother, who had shown him photographs of the bride's sister. He only discovered this when he lifted the niqab to kiss his bride. The court annulled the marriage, but refused a claim for compensation.

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Although the French law addresses other religious symbols – not just Islamic headscarves and face coverings – the international debate has been centered around the impact it has on Muslims because of the growing population in Europe, especially

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that covers the woman's entire body figure and face, lacking sleeves (i.e., keeping the entire body under the uniform cloth) and having a mesh screen to obfuscate the eyes. While the niqab is more widespread, the burqa is largely limited to

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Ch. 17. Tertullian, who never gone in Arabia writes, "The pagan women of Arabia, who not only cover their head but their whole face, so that they would rather enjoy half the light with one eye free than prostitute the face, will judge you.

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In June 2018, the parliament of Norway passed a bill banning clothing covering the face at educational institutions as well as daycare centres, which included face-covering Islamic veils. The prohibition applies to pupils and staff alike.

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supposed to enforce secularity in French society, was forced to deal with frequent disputes about headscarves in French public schools, as outsiders of the practice did not understand the scarves' purpose and therefore felt uncomfortable.

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declared that France's ban disproportionately harmed the right of women to manifest their religious beliefs, and could have the effects of "confining them to their homes, impeding their access to public services and marginalizing them."

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adopted a law prohibiting people to wear "attire and clothing masking the face in such a way that it impairs recognizability". The penalty for violating this directive can run from up to 14 days imprisonment and a 250 euro fine.

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cover the eyes or left over the top of the head. While a person looking at a woman wearing a niqab with an eyeveil would not be able to see her eyes, the woman wearing the niqab would be able to see out through the thin fabric.

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In March 2021, a nationwide referendum was held on whether full-face coverings should be banned in public, which includes niqabs and burqas. Voters narrowly voted to ban niqabs and burqas by a 51.2% to 48.8% margin.

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In Italy, a law issued in 1975 strictly forbids wearing any attire in public that could hide the face of a person. Penalties (fines and imprisonment) are provided for such behaviour. The original purpose of the

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were committed by people disguised in traditional Islamic woman's garb; Muslim leaders were concerned that the use of the disguises could put Muslim women in danger of hate crimes and inflame ethnic tensions.

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banned the face veil including the burqa after two women dressed in the religious garments completed a suicide attack killing 13. This was also done in order to counter extremism in public and places of work.

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were not opposed to the decision. The Conservative federal Cabinet had introduced legislation to parliament that would bar citizens from voting if they arrived at polling stations with a veiled face.

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Between 1941 and 1979 wearing the niqab and hijab was no longer against the law, but it was considered by the government to be a "badge of backwardness." During these years, wearing the niqab and

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decision in her favour was seen by some as "an opportunity to revisit the rules governing the somewhat difficult relationship between law and policy." In October 2015 Harper had appealed the

4686: 886:. It is considered a fairly easy form of headscarf to wear, as there are no pins or fasteners; it is simply pulled over the head. Gloves are also sometimes worn with the niqab, because many 1947:

In May 2010, an armed robbery committed by a man wearing a face veil and sunglasses raised calls to ban the Islamic veil; a request for new legislation was dismissed by both Prime Minister

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Svaren innebär att motståndet i Sverige mot Burka och Niqab är kompakt, 84,4 respektive 81,6 procent anser att de är ganska eller helt oacceptabla. Motståndet har åter ökat något.

4202: 3385: 2538: 3074: 4182: 3100: 4793: 2841: 882:, a semi-circular flare of fabric with an opening for the face and a small triangular underscarf. A khimar is usually bust-level or longer, and can also be worn without the 4771: 1895: 1622:

who wore the garment to school for years and refused to take it off. Since she has completed her schooling, the law was instituted to prevent similar cases in the future.

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stated in an interview that in Norwegian work environments it is essential to see each other's faces and therefore anyone who insists on wearing a niqab is in practice

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Judicabunt vos Arabiae feminae ethnicae quae non caput, sed faciem totam tegunt, ut uno oculo liberato contentae sint dimidiam frui lucem quam totam faciem prostituere

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Since antiquity, the Arab tradition of wearing the niqab has been practiced by women living in Yemen. Traditionally, girls begin wearing veils in their teenage years.

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during the same time period, when the niqab was increasingly worn by Egyptian women who had imported the custom from their time as expats in the Arabian Peninsula.

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banned the face veil in order to counter extremism. The decision was announced by El Hadji Djibril Bopaka, the president of the country's Islamic High Council.

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In July 2019, wearing the niqab was banned in government buildings. The ban came after the capital Tunis was attacked by three suicide bombings in seven days.

4825: 4683:"Justin Trudeau's government drops controversial niqab appeal: Zunera Ishaq says move is a 'very good gesture from the government in supporting minorities'" 3762: 604:

outside of the Arabian Peninsula have come to regard the niqab "as a symbol of encroaching fundamentalism" upon their religious freedoms. For instance, in

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estimated that only 10 to 15 Muslim voters in the province wear the niqāb and, since their veils have become controversial, most would probably not vote.

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BBC: "Robber wearing niqab targets Birmingham Lloyds TSB bank – A man wearing a niqab face veil has robbed a security guard outside a bank in Birmingham"

4270: 3716: 2894: 2629: 1865:, the agency responsible for elections and referendums, stated that Muslim women can cover their faces while voting. The decision was criticized by the 843:

is a simple length of fabric with elastic or ties and is worn around the face. This garment typically leaves the eyes and part of the forehead visible.

4331: 3686: 1745:. The largest Islamic community organisation in Switzerland, the Islamic Central Council, recommended that Muslim women continue to cover their faces. 4646: 4016: 2864: 3510: 4540: 3986: 3870: 4817: 4682: 3305: 1719:

and 81% for the niqāb. The researchers noted these figures represented a compact resistance to the face-covering veil by the population of Sweden.

4629: 4046: 3815: 4920: 4491: 3564: 2022: 3152:"Congo-Brazzaville bans women from wearing full veil – Security reasons cited as the reason behind the ban, according to an Islamic association" 2595: 608:, where the presence of the niqab increased considerably in the 1990s, the Algerian public consciousness began associating the garment with the 3626: 2093: 355: 1427:, removed her niqab at a human rights conference in 2004 and since then has called for "other women and female activists to take theirs off". 3595: 903:

etc.) over their clothing, though some munaqabat in Western countries wear a long, loose tunic and skirt instead of a one-piece overgarment.

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for university classes. The ban was associated with a move by the Syrian government to re-affirm Syria's traditional secular atmosphere.

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There are currently 16 states that have banned the niqab and burqa, both Muslim-majority countries and non-Muslim countries, including

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parliament. Also in 2017, a legal ban on face-covering clothing for car and truck drivers was approved by German Ministry of Traffic.

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found that Swedes believed that face-covering Islamic veils are either completely unacceptable or fairly unacceptable, 85% for the

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has been banned by legislation in several countries, including a number of Muslim-majority countries. A significant amount of

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In December 2019, the municipality of Skurup banned Islamic veils in educational institutions. Earlier, the municipality of

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Some Muslim Palestinian women, particularly students, have worn white niqabs during Arab protest activities relating to the

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approved a legal ban on face-covering clothing for teachers, state workers and students at university and schools.

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over the wearing of the "veil" (niqab), in October 2006. Around that time there was media coverage of the case of

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globally, resulting in the rise of the niqab as one of the more noticeable consequences of the Saudi strain of

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After the new government of 'Islamic Republic' was established, the niqab ban was not enforced by officials.

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take the picture, in exchange for the privilege of driving. The ruling was affirmed by the appellate court.

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banned face-covering veils for pupils, which extended the ban which was already in force for school staff.

1461: Local ban – women are banned from wearing full-face veils by legislation in certain cities or regions 530: 273: 4383: 2817:. Echo Online: A Reflection of the English Michigan University Community: The Eastern Echo. Archived from 2420: 1592:

In 2017, a legal ban on face-covering clothing for soldiers and state workers during work was approved by

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banned face veils in order to counter extremism. The Chinese government later expanded the ban to all of

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In September 2018, a ban on face-covering veils was approved with a 67% vote in favour in the canton of

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banned the wearing of full-face veils, including the niqab, for female public servants while at work.

7194: 6455: 5060: 2587: 2442: 1579:'s lower house of parliament overwhelmingly approved a ban on wearing burqa-style Islamic veils. The 1501:(ECHR) after having been challenged by two Muslim women who claimed their rights had been infringed. 1127: 197: 3634: 7209: 7179: 7117: 4099:"Islamic face veil to be banned in Latvia despite being worn by just three women in entire country" 3497: 1902: 1689: 1920:

ruled that Muslim women who wear the niqāb must remove it in some cases when testifying in court.

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that Muslim women must remove niqābs throughout the citizenship ceremony where they declare their

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and other facial veils worn by Muslim women around the world. The two most common forms are the

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in order to cover their entire body and face, excluding their eyes. It is an interpretation in

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called for a ban on burqa and niqāb, saying that they have "no basis in Islam". Spokesperson

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On 6 April 2011 it was reported that teachers would be allowed to once again wear the niqab.

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claimed the ban violated women's rights. A protest numbering 300-400 people was held in the

1467: Partial ban – women are banned from wearing full-face veils in some specific locations 7100: 6160: 5140: 3472: 3381: 2677: 2119:"Pauline Hanson's Senate stunt shows why we need to confront the ideology behind the burqa" 1886: 1856: 1804: 1536: 1104: 581: 510:, the niqab is a controversial clothing item in many parts of the world, including in some 6389: 4604: 3201: 3169:"Republic of Congo bans full-face veils in attempt to prevent religious extremist attacks" 1626: 738: 725: 712: 699: 691: 683: 675: 662: 8: 6969: 5537: 5447: 5135: 3377: 1870: 771:, face veiling was common among women of various religious backgrounds. The Roman author 319: 2652:"France: Banning the niqab violated two Muslim women's freedom of religion – UN experts" 1651:

In 2016, a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing was proposed for adoption by the

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Other less common and more cultural or national forms of niqab include the Afghan style

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ban's implementation, and religious accommodations, are not expected until July 2018.

7132: 7056: 6999: 6905: 6832: 6716: 6512: 6450: 6226: 6211: 6185: 5966: 5795: 5748: 5733: 5457: 5400: 5276: 5130: 5090: 5033: 5016: 3816:"Fra i dag kan Ayesha få en bøde for at gå på gaden: 'Jeg tager aldrig min niqab af'" 3768: 3416: 3299: 2818: 2372: 2229: 593: 507: 4432:"Mångfaldsbarometern 2012: Extremt negativa attityder permanentas och riskerar växa" 1913:, stating that wearing the burqa and niqāb is "a practice that marginalizes women." 1811:

of their right to do so. In December 2011 then-Citizenship and Immigration Minister

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The niqab is an important part of Saudi culture and in most Saudi cities (including

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announced a policy directive from the Federal Government under then-Prime Minister

1735: 1522: 1305: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1111: 600:. To some extent, this view is also present in the Muslim world, where a number of 479: 440: 183: 48: 1100: 1084:

private companies, it would be nearly impossible for a niqabi woman to find work.

7199: 7155: 7083: 7036: 6845: 6701: 6623: 6586: 6522: 6253: 6165: 6150: 6102: 6021: 6016: 5981: 5971: 5888: 5866: 5567: 5527: 5281: 5228: 4800: 4633: 4611: 4512: 4186: 4134: 3871:"Hestehoveder og niqaber: Demonstranter dækker ansigtet til i protest mod forbud" 3787: 3748: 3656: 3257: 3227: 3173: 3122: 3040: 3012: 3005: 2468:

Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and [niqab in public places

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Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and niqab in public places

1441: 500:, and is worn in public and in all other places where a woman may encounter non- 7204: 7063: 6696: 6527: 6517: 6443: 6362: 6155: 6082: 5919: 5844: 5829: 5780: 5765: 5760: 5721: 5662: 5619: 5612: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5390: 5355: 4794:"Elections Canada blasted for allowing Muslim women to vote with faces covered" 2066:, a cultural see-through veil worn by women over their face in Indian societies 2043: 1906: 1848: 1816: 1758: 1227: 933: 815: 796: 550: 487: 104: 55: 45: 6850: 3624: 3593: 3562: 2557: 7168: 7088: 7078: 7051: 7041: 7011: 6982: 6569: 6532: 6507: 6502: 6097: 6001: 5996: 5893: 5883: 5878: 5834: 5572: 5562: 5507: 2815:"No one wanted to be near me: Student wears burqa throughout winter semester" 2094:"Behind the veil: why 122 women choose to wear the full face veil in Britain" 1974: 1639: 1347:

that women are not required to wear niqab or cover their hands or feet under

1301: 1282: 1026: 589: 588:, the niqab has increasingly become the subject of negative attention in the 585: 545:; the propagation of hardline Sunni Islamic doctrines from the oil-producing 542: 314: 222: 5368: 3957:"CSU-Verkehrsminister Alexander Dobrindt will offenbar Burka-Verbot im Auto" 3660: 2308: 7095: 6915: 6236: 6122: 6117: 5991: 5929: 5856: 5679: 5502: 5472: 5415: 5174: 2006: 1930: 1824: 1812: 1723: 1696: 1692: 1532: 1078: 1051: 871:

wrapped, pinned or tied in a certain way so as to cover the wearer's face.

641: 522: 511: 417: 376: 304: 278: 3542:"Tajikstan [sic] passes law 'to stop Muslim women wearing hijabs'" 2052:, a swimsuit worn by Muslim women to conform to Islamic clothing standards 1619: 1509:

In 2016, a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing was adopted by the

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In 2017, a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing was adopted by the

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Acceptance of the niqab is not universal in Yemen. A senior member of the

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era. There were many regional variations of niqab, which were also called

529:. However, since the late 1970s, it has spread throughout the rest of the 7016: 6977: 6711: 6706: 6671: 6591: 6497: 6372: 6352: 6347: 6285: 6275: 6270: 6258: 6241: 6221: 6216: 5976: 5924: 5914: 5873: 5785: 5714: 5667: 5517: 5512: 5410: 5298: 5293: 5211: 4072: 3845:"Joining other European countries, Denmark bans full-face veil in public" 3028:"Another African country bans Islamic veil for women over terror attacks" 1952: 1828: 1770: 1664: 1528: 1262: 1019: 1003: 649: 616:; it was also protested by some Algerians as a byproduct of Saudi-backed 592:, as it is commonly perceived by detractors as a visible sign of growing 538: 534: 94: 3687:"Integration: Österreich stellt Tragen von Burka und Nikab unter Strafe" 1563: 1544: 1034:

includes carnival masks and motorbike helmets when not on a motorbike).

6960: 6935: 6930: 6865: 6855: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6691: 6638: 6544: 6470: 6367: 6330: 6312: 6112: 6061: 5939: 5934: 5898: 5790: 5775: 5634: 5624: 5602: 5577: 5420: 5378: 5328: 5323: 5201: 1948: 1742: 1404: 1203: 1096: 979: 975: 772: 645: 558: 546: 401: 2349:. The University of North Carolina Press (Kindle edition). p. 61. 1277:

The niqab was traditionally worn in Southern Iran from the arrival of

938: 7004: 6987: 6895: 6812: 6633: 6605: 6438: 6302: 6263: 6231: 6031: 5986: 5861: 5839: 5629: 5484: 5462: 5333: 5308: 5288: 4017:"Burka-Streit: Niedersachsen verbietet Vollverschleierung an Schulen" 3987:"Burka-Verbot: Bayern verbietet Gesichtsschleier in vielen Bereichen" 3374:"Women not required to cover faces, hands and feet under Sharia: CII" 2926:"The eyes have it: Muslim women win role in Palestinian body politic" 2063: 1909:

cited public safety issues, such as identity concealment, as well as

1328: 1297: 1092: 1015: 562: 159: 74: 114: 6940: 6885: 6860: 6817: 6802: 6731: 6681: 6676: 6653: 6628: 6618: 6613: 6581: 6564: 6465: 6416: 6379: 6307: 6297: 6206: 6198: 6145: 6087: 6056: 6036: 5944: 5770: 5753: 5728: 5689: 5684: 5607: 5557: 5552: 5494: 5383: 5373: 5313: 5258: 5233: 5184: 5179: 5156: 5113: 5066: 4872: 4614: 4507:"Muslims face fines up to £8,000 for wearing burkas in Switzerland" 3792: 2953:"Algerian bans female public servants from wearing full-face veils" 1774: 1510: 1312:

with their faces covered to show their objection to the niqab ban.

1266: 1186: 987: 983: 609: 258: 124: 119: 69: 4047:"Baden-Württemberg verbietet Vollverschleierung in Klassenzimmern" 7150: 7107: 7073: 7046: 6890: 6875: 6870: 6840: 6789: 6779: 6774: 6721: 6666: 6643: 6482: 6428: 6423: 6335: 6292: 6092: 5743: 5649: 5477: 5437: 5430: 5318: 5303: 5216: 4818:"Muslim women will have to lift veils to vote in Quebec election" 3625:

Ridhwan Al-Saqqaf and Mariam Saleh Aden Bureau (3 October 2008).

3594:

Ridhwan Al-Saqqaf and Mariam Saleh Aden Bureau (3 October 2008).

3563:

Ridhwan Al-Saqqaf and Mariam Saleh Aden Bureau (3 October 2008).

3409: 2060:, the practice of female seclusion in Hindu and Muslim societies 2049: 1832: 1792: 1604: 1600: 1593: 1478: 1348: 1309: 1174: 1011: 971: 963: 959: 955: 951: 917: 605: 601: 517:

Historically, the niqab was largely exclusive to Muslim women in

410: 268: 174: 154: 149: 134: 84: 79: 4948:"Islamic attire used as disguise in Philadelphia bank robberies" 2443:"France's burqa ban: women are 'effectively under house arrest'" 1300:, banned all variations of face veil and veils in 1936 known as 6945: 6900: 6822: 6807: 6764: 6661: 6554: 6492: 6477: 6357: 6127: 6077: 6006: 5582: 5452: 5363: 5345: 5271: 5243: 5223: 5206: 5196: 4354:"Erna Solberg: – Du får ikke jobb hos meg hvis du har nikab på" 2071: 2057: 1677: 1652: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1316: 1286: 1206:

bombers disguised as women completed multiple suicide attacks.

1059:

Loi Interdisant La Dissimulation Du Visage Dans L'espace Public

967: 896: 879: 863: 502: 324: 288: 283: 169: 164: 139: 129: 99: 1799:

On 16 November 2015 the first act of Canada's newly appointed

6950: 6880: 6576: 6549: 6487: 6411: 6340: 6280: 6107: 6011: 5958: 5807: 5547: 5522: 5405: 5395: 5340: 5164: 4647:"Answers to some key questions on Quebec's face-covering law" 3006:

BBC: "Cameroon bans Islamic face veil after suicide bombings"

1990: 1716: 1446: 1344: 1278: 1134: 1088: 1007: 999: 943: 921: 900: 859: 800: 636: 632: 625: 496: 491: 455: 383: 309: 109: 89: 64: 42: 3900:"Første kvinde er sigtet for at overtræde tildækningsforbud" 3500:, Nytimes.com, 3 September 2010; retrieved 4 September 2010. 3321:"China bans burqas and 'abnormal' beards in Muslim province" 2482:"The Netherlands introduces burqa ban in some public spaces" 2311:

Modern Muslima and Saraji Umm Zaid Retrieved 16 April 2007.

1855:

government chose to not "politicize the issue any further."

6920: 6797: 6769: 6739: 6559: 6433: 6179: 5812: 5644: 5248: 5238: 5082: 4709:"Muslim women must show faces when taking citizenship oath" 4680: 4586:"Switzerland narrowly votes to ban face covering in public" 3717:"Top Europe court upholds ban on full-face veil in Belgium" 3448:"Sri Lanka Bans Face Coverings After Easter Sunday Attacks" 3123:"Congo-Brazzaville bans Islamic face veil in public places" 2149:"Ultimate Abaya Guide – Everything You Ever Wanted To Know" 1807:

was to assure women who chose to wear the niqāb during the

1199: 991: 574: 518: 4151:"Netherlands plans to ban full-face veil in public places" 3649: 2505:"China bans burqa in capital of Muslim region of Xinjiang" 2421:"Tunisian PM bans wearing of niqab in public institutions" 2392:

Hadia Mubarak (2009). "Burqa". In John L. Esposito (ed.).

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In February 2010, an Arab country's unnamed ambassador to

6051: 5191: 5169: 4590: 4357: 3071:"Chad police: Anyone wearing face veils will be arrested" 1847:

to take up the case. With the election of Prime Minister

624:. Another prominent example of this struggle was seen in 446: 3097:"Chad arrests 62 women for wearing veils after bombings" 2091: 1851:

on 19 October 2015, the niqāb debate was settled as the

1144: 920:

regime with the traditional Afghan face veil called the

4205:(in Dutch). Rijksoverheid. 26 June 2018. Archived from 2750:"Case No. 2002-CA-2828, order following non-jury trial" 2074:, a partial face veil worn by nomadic North African men 2180:"The uncomfortable truth about Australian 'diversity'" 1445:

European countries that have banned the niqab and the

874:

Other common styles of clothing popularly worn with a

375:"Ruband" redirects here. For the Iranian village, see 4541:"Swiss canton becomes second to ban burqas in public" 4498: 3228:"Morocco 'bans the sale and production of the burka'" 3157:

16 October 2015 at Wikiwix, Aljazeera.com, 3 May 2015

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On 11 July 2017 the ban in Belgium was upheld by the

1057:

In July 2010, the National Assembly in France passed

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Halasz, Stephanie; McKenzie, Sheena (27 June 2018).

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Women in niqab are also called 527:Arab countries of the Persian Gulf 486:), is a long garment worn by some 25: 7221: 5061:Modesty Gowns for Female Patients 5044: 4988:from the original on 1 March 2017 4899:"Niqab in court OK in some cases" 4520:from the original on 21 June 2022 4466:"Skurup förbjuder slöja i skolan" 3723:from the original on 13 July 2017 3332:from the original on 21 June 2022 3181:from the original on 1 March 2017 2844:from the original on 5 April 2010 2503:Phillips, Tom (13 January 2015). 2484:. No. 27 June 2018. CNN. 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Gohari (2000). 2369:Encyclopedia of Islam 1901:In October 2009, the 1803:and Attorney General 1680:, a professor at the 1549:Socialist Youth Front 1541:Amnesty International 1444: 1281:until the end of the 1216:Republic of the Congo 1139:Palestinian Authority 1128:Arab–Israeli conflict 1077:Further information: 1064:In October 2018, the 996:Republic of the Congo 941: 932:Further information: 907:Rules and regulations 753:In pre-Islamic Arabia 551:1973 Arab–Israeli War 533:, particularly among 7069:Environmental impact 4905:. 20 December 2012. 4799:4 March 2016 at the 4715:. 12 December 2011. 4238:. 16 February 2012. 4169:– via Reuters. 2932:on 23 September 2006 2871:. The Boston Globe. 2575:– via IHR Law. 2345:Amer, Sahar (2014). 2315:2 March 2007 at the 1805:Jody Wilson-Raybould 1682:University of Tromsø 582:September 11 attacks 368:For other uses, see 7156:Clothing portal 4539:Reuters Editorial. 4360:. 18 October 2016. 3925:Nachrichten, n-tv. 3384:. 20 October 2015. 3378:The Express Tribune 3234:. 10 January 2017. 2905:on 9 September 2011 2449:. 19 September 2011 2159:on 21 December 2018 1951:and Liberal leader 1801:Minister of Justice 1711:In 2012, a poll by 1584:victim is a minor. 785:pagan Arabian women 596:and a rejection of 474:), also known as a 320:My Stealthy Freedom 238:Taliban Afghanistan 4875:. 8 October 2009. 4805:The Globe and Mail 4570:has generic name ( 4209:on 5 February 2021 3772:. 6 October 2017. 3423:. 3 October 2008. 3359:El-Guindi, Fadwa, 2985:Morocco World News 2684:. 10 February 2010 2240:has generic name ( 1821:Oath of Allegiance 1809:Oath of Allegiance 1734:In July 2016, the 1713:Uppsala University 1470: 948: 769:pre-Islamic Arabia 759:Pre-Islamic Arabia 748:Religious doctrine 731:, with the plural 614:Algerian Civil War 571:Islamic revivalism 557:had stirred among 555:Iranian Revolution 494:of the concept of 274:Gender segregation 7162: 7161: 7133:Right to clothing 7057:Halloween costume 7025: 7024: 7000:black lounge suit 6600: 6599: 6400: 6399: 6174: 6173: 5953: 5952: 5030:Refusing the Veil 5022:978-983-43614-0-2 4952:Los Angeles Times 4921:"ACLU of Florida" 4824:. 23 March 2007. 4792:LeBlanc, Daniel. 4617:. 19 October 2006 4330:. 23 April 2013. 4105:. 21 April 2016. 4103:Independent.co.uk 4023:. 3 August 2017. 3769:Independent.co.uk 3606:on 5 October 2008 3328:. 30 March 2017. 2658:. 23 October 2018 1627:Baden-Württemberg 1423:political party, 1408:behind the head. 1214:In May 2015, the 1173:In October 2018, 1091:had his marriage 594:Islamic extremism 508:Arabian Peninsula 366: 365: 16:(Redirected from 7217: 7195:Modesty in Islam 7154: 7153: 7138:Vintage clothing 6966: 6965: 6911:Pocket protector 6195: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6151:Bodysuit, infant 6042: 6041: 5823:formal, informal 5818: 5817: 5658:Ceremonial dress 5107: 5100: 5093: 5084: 5083: 5026: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4865: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4840:"Veiled threats" 4836: 4830: 4829: 4814: 4808: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4747: 4736: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4713:Globe & Mail 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4678: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4643: 4637: 4624: 4618: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4569: 4565: 4563: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4509: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4489: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4449: 4447: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4228: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4147: 4138: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4051:Berliner Zeitung 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3896: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3841: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3765: 3758: 3752: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3719:. 11 July 2017. 3713: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3659:(17 June 2010). 3657:Al-Sakkaf, Nadia 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3633:. 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7218: 7216: 7215: 7214: 7210:Yemeni clothing 7180:Arabic clothing 7165: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7148: 7142: 7084:made-to-measure 7037:Clothing fetish 7021: 6955: 6827: 6784: 6726: 6702:Square leg suit 6648: 6624:Blanket sleeper 6596: 6587:Sleeved blanket 6396: 6319: 6184: 6182: 6170: 6146:Bodysuit, adult 6134: 6066: 6034: 6026: 5949: 5903: 5822: 5810: 5802: 5648: 5639: 5489: 5350: 5253: 5151: 5150: 5116: 5111: 5078:The Last Straw! 5047: 5023: 5007: 5005:Further reading 5002: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4961: 4959: 4944: 4940: 4930: 4928: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4880: 4867: 4866: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4801:Wayback Machine 4791: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4745: 4734: 4728: 4724: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4679: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4634:Wayback Machine 4625: 4621: 4612:Wayback Machine 4603: 4599: 4594:. 7 March 2021. 4584: 4583: 4579: 4567: 4566: 4557: 4556: 4549: 4547: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4516:. 8 July 2016. 4513:The Independent 4504: 4503: 4499: 4483: 4482: 4475: 4473: 4462: 4458: 4445: 4443: 4442:on 12 July 2018 4430: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4410:Bergens Tidende 4404: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4307: 4305: 4290: 4286: 4276: 4274: 4259: 4255: 4245: 4243: 4230: 4229: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4187:Wayback Machine 4178: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4157:. 22 May 2017. 4149: 4148: 4141: 4135:Wayback Machine 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4015: 4014: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3993:. 7 July 2017. 3985: 3984: 3980: 3970: 3968: 3963:. 2 June 2017. 3955: 3954: 3950: 3940: 3938: 3923: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3843: 3842: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3799: 3797: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3749:Wayback Machine 3740: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3700: 3698: 3693:. 16 May 2017. 3685: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3637:on 17 June 2011 3623: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3592: 3588: 3578: 3576: 3561: 3557: 3546:The Independent 3538: 3534: 3524: 3522: 3521:on 9 April 2011 3509: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3326:The Independent 3318: 3317: 3313: 3297: 3296: 3289: 3287: 3277: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3174:The Independent 3165: 3161: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3026: 3019: 3013:Wayback Machine 3004: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2963: 2961: 2958:Eyewitness News 2949: 2945: 2935: 2933: 2922: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2861: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2830: 2826: 2811: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2766:on 12 June 2018 2763: 2752: 2748:Thorpe, Janet. 2746: 2742: 2733: 2724: 2714: 2712: 2701: 2697: 2687: 2685: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2618: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2584: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2567:on 10 June 2016 2564: 2541: 2535: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2501: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2478: 2474: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2405: 2401: 2390: 2386: 2379: 2361: 2354: 2343: 2339: 2326: 2322: 2317:Wayback Machine 2307: 2300: 2290: 2288: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2262:. 23 April 2010 2254: 2253: 2249: 2237: 2236: 2227: 2226: 2219: 2217: 2207: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2176: 2172: 2162: 2160: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2132: 2130: 2115: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2040: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2019: 2010: 2003: 1994: 1987: 1978: 1971: 1961: 1945: 1940: 1926: 1911:gender equality 1887:Parti Québécois 1788: 1783: 1767:national debate 1755: 1732: 1709: 1674: 1661: 1649: 1635: 1590: 1573: 1525: 1519: 1507: 1487: 1475: 1468: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1450: 1439: 1433: 1425:Tawakkol Karman 1414: 1401: 1389: 1377: 1357: 1337: 1275: 1269:in March 2017. 1259: 1254: 1246: 1237: 1224: 1212: 1196: 1183: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1147: 1081: 1075: 936: 930: 914: 909: 818: 812: 803: 795:Main articles: 793: 779:, described in 765: 757:Main articles: 755: 750: 658: 637:Muslim scholars 442: 438: 425: 424: 423: 422: 421: 414: 406: 405: 404:wearing a niqab 398: 387: 380: 373: 362: 330:World Hijab Day 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7223: 7213: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7160: 7159: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7071: 7066: 7064:Cross-dressing 7061: 7060: 7059: 7054: 7044: 7039: 7033: 7031: 7027: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7008: 7007: 7002: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6974: 6972: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 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Al Arabiya. 3192: 3159: 3144: 3114: 3088: 3062: 3032: 3017: 2998: 2971: 2943: 2916: 2886: 2855: 2824: 2821:on 4 May 2005. 2805: 2777: 2740: 2722: 2695: 2669: 2643: 2609: 2592:HuffPost India 2578: 2522: 2495: 2472: 2460: 2434: 2412: 2399: 2384: 2377: 2352: 2337: 2320: 2298: 2273: 2247: 2201: 2170: 2140: 2109: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2020: 2013: 2011: 2004: 1997: 1995: 1988: 1981: 1979: 1972: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1925: 1922: 1907:Farzana Hassan 1871:Bloc Québécois 1849:Justin Trudeau 1837:Canada v Ishaq 1817:Stephen Harper 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1759:United Kingdom 1754: 1753:United Kingdom 1751: 1731: 1728: 1708: 1705: 1673: 1670: 1660: 1657: 1648: 1645: 1634: 1631: 1599:In July 2017, 1589: 1586: 1572: 1569: 1521:Main article: 1518: 1515: 1506: 1503: 1486: 1483: 1474: 1471: 1463: 1457: 1451: 1435:Main article: 1432: 1429: 1413: 1410: 1400: 1397: 1388: 1385: 1376: 1373: 1356: 1353: 1336: 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