1044:"˹O Prophet!˺ Tell the believing men to lower their gaze and guard their chastity. That is purer for them. Surely Allah is All-Aware of what they do. And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their chastity, and not to reveal their adornments except what normally appears. Let them draw their veils over their chests, and not reveal their ˹hidden˺ adornments except to their husbands, their fathers, their fathers-in-law, their sons, their stepsons, their brothers, their brothers' sons or sisters' sons, their fellow women, those ˹bondwomen˺ in their possession, male attendants with no desire, or children who are still unaware of women's nakedness. Let them not stomp their feet, drawing attention to their hidden adornments. Turn to Allah in repentance all together, O believers, so that you may be successful.
645:
offence, but it was a real hindrance to climbing the social ladder, a badge of backwardness, and a marker of class. A headscarf, let alone the chador, prejudiced the chances of advancement in work and society not only of working women, but also of men, who were increasingly expected to appear with their wives at social functions. Fashionable hotels and restaurants sometimes even refused to admit women with chador, schools and universities actively discouraged the chador, although the headscarf was tolerated. It was common to see girls from traditional families, who had to leave home with the chador, arriving at school without it and then putting it on again on the way home'.
683:
603:
20:
3543:
3553:
662:
scale (so-called "bad hijab" issue), sometimes followed even by clashes against those who were perceived to wear improper clothing. Government felt obligated to deal with this situation; so, on 26 July 1984, Tehran's public prosecutor issued a statement and announced that stricter dress-code is supposed to be observed in public places such as institutions, theaters, clubs, hotels, motels, and restaurants, while in the other places, it should
825:
839:
698:, black chadors were worn by many women and girls for different purposes. Light, printed fabrics were the norm for everyday wear. Currently, the majority of women who wear the chador reserve the usage of light-colored chadors for around the house or for prayers. Most women who still go outside in urban areas in a light colored chador are elderly women of rural backgrounds. During the reign of the
595:
511:
661:
In April 1980, during the
Iranian Cultural Revolution, it was decided that it would be mandatory for women in government offices and educational institutions to observe the veil. In 1983, a dispute regarding the veiling broke out, and public conflict was motivated by the definition of veiling and its
644:
Eventually, rules of dress code were relaxed, and after Reza Shah's abdication in 1941, the compulsory element in the policy of unveiling was abandoned, though the policy remained intact throughout the
Pahlavi era. According to Mir-Hosseini, 'between 1941 and 1979, wearing hejab was no longer an
469:
A chador is a full-body-length semicircle of fabric that is open down the front. The garment is pulled over the head, and is held closed at the front by the wearer; the chador has no hand openings, buttons, or clasps. It may also be held closed by being tucked under the wearer's arms. The word in
744:
or Shia, but is considered traditional to
Persian Iranians, with Iranians of other backgrounds wearing the chador or other traditional forms of attire. For example, Arab Iranian women in Western and Southern Iran retain their overhead Abaya which is similar to the overhead Abaya worn in
639:
clerics, and ordinary men and women, to whom "appearing in public without their cover was tantamount to nakedness". However, she continues, "this move was welcomed by
Westernized and upperclass men and women, who saw it in liberal terms as a first step in granting women their rights".
702:, such traditional clothing was largely discarded by the wealthier urban upper-class women in favor of modernity for western clothing, although women in small towns and villages continued to wear the chador. Traditionally a light coloured or printed chador was worn with a
497:, black chadors were reserved for funerals and periods of mourning; colourful, patterned fabrics were the norm for everyday wear. Currently, the majority of Iranian women who wear the chador use the black version outside, and reserve light-coloured chadors for indoor use.
735:
On the other hand, in Iran, the chador does not require the wearing of a veil. Inside the home, particularly for urban women, both the chador and the veil have been discarded, and there, women and teenagers wore cooler and lighter garments; while in modern times,
551:, do show a drawing, said to be copied from an Achaemenid relief of the 5th century BC, of an individual with their lower face hidden by a long cloth wrapped around the head. Some have mistakenly claimed this to be a woman, but it is actually a Mede soldier.
585:
During the
Islamic era, the chador retained the meaning of adornment to some extent in Iran, but over time, it took on the meaning of Islam and the Islamic hijab which was one of the concepts of Quran and Islam which was considered a limitation of women.
634:
in 1936, as incompatible with his modernizing ambitions. According to Mir-Hosseini, as cited by El Guindi, "the police were arresting women who wore the veil and forcibly removing it". This policy outraged the
2045:
740:
continue to wear a light-weight printed chador inside the home over their clothing during their daily activities. The chador is worn by some
Iranian women, regardless of whether they are
2035:
27:, Afghanistan, wearing patterned chadors, which are rare amongst younger women in Iran since the Iranian Revolution but remain common in Afghanistan and Tajikistan
655:
547:
One of the first representation of a chador is found on Ergili sculptures and the "Satrap sarcophagus" from
Persian Anatolia. Bruhn/Tilke, in their 1941
3204:
2057:
3310:
2724:
2715:
2459:
1971:
1956:
1206:ćādar, s.f. A sheet; a table-cloth; a covering; a coverlet; a calico mantle or wrapper (of one fold, which reaches from the head to the ankles)
1025:
356:
474:
could be used in reference to almost any cloth, headscarf, or even tents. This definition is mostly retained in the
Eastern Persian varieties
2247:
1239:
233:
2025:
2393:
1909:
598:
Military commanders of the
Iranian armed forces, government officials, and their wives commemorating the abolition of the veil in 1936
203:
1944:
2569:
2420:
2183:
2915:
2745:
2690:
2559:
2425:
1323:
2077:
2067:
1060:
862:
486:
in reference to almost any cloth or scarf, including loosely worn scarves that would be inappropriate to call a chador in
3275:
3225:
2951:
2485:
213:
3592:
3582:
2500:
2489:
2434:
2382:
2237:
2040:
349:
238:
536:, where "wives and daughters of high-ranking men of the nobility had to veil". The veil marked class status, and this
2930:
2874:
2854:
2670:
2645:
2541:
2465:
2367:
1997:
1839:
2764:
654:
After the
Iranian Revolution, compulsory hijab were introduced, which was met with opposition from women during the
3577:
3395:
2961:
35:
2905:
2445:
2281:
2276:
2015:
1642:
243:
3510:
3335:
3215:
3199:
2685:
2620:
2521:
2470:
2242:
2193:
2178:
2082:
2072:
2052:
1844:
1503:
1293:(1996), "Stretching The Limits: A Feminist Reading of the Shari'a in Post-Khomeini Iran," in Mai Yamani (ed.),
218:
3143:
1914:
1854:
3369:
2810:
2793:
2700:
2675:
2531:
2439:
2429:
342:
998:
3373:
3209:
2925:
2665:
2655:
2403:
2259:
1859:
274:
3139:
783:
419:
3164:
3158:
3109:
2920:
2750:
2629:
2254:
803:. The Hindustani word can also refer to other type of sheets, such as bed sheets. There are also a small
607:
3379:
2840:
2705:
2173:
1951:
1849:
3597:
3587:
3483:
3074:
2844:
2625:
2551:
2413:
2388:
2311:
2062:
1961:
1904:
1316:
807:
groups in which the women wear black head-to-toe cloaks similar to the chador, such as the extremist
198:
3194:
2984:
2864:
2815:
2787:
2650:
2188:
2102:
1831:
1179:
A Detailed Analysis of Abdul Ghafur's Dictionary of the Terms Used by Criminal Tribes in the Panjab
732:), and these styles continue to be worn by many rural Iranian women, in particular by older women.
682:
1218:
3425:
3399:
3390:
3260:
3220:
2824:
2760:
2720:
2455:
2306:
2163:
2122:
1380:
1197:
264:
1227:
A sheet is a large rectangular piece of cloth that you sleep on or cover yourself with in a bed.
1119:
1030:
976:
929:
3515:
3154:
2895:
2850:
2574:
2536:
2264:
2020:
193:
666:
of the overwhelming majority of people. Stricter veiling implies both chador and more loosely
2803:
2755:
2730:
2450:
2198:
1976:
1894:
1511:
1468:
988:
Bruhn, Wolfgang, and Tilke, Max (1955), Kostümwerk, Tübingen: Ernst Wasmuth, p. 13, plate 10.
228:
1177:
3354:
3256:
3149:
3089:
3064:
3043:
3023:
2996:
2798:
2740:
2635:
2398:
2363:
2127:
1309:
602:
582:
periods. Veiling was not limited to noble women but was practised also by Persian kings.
8:
3094:
2783:
2516:
2408:
2007:
2002:
1966:
1899:
1748:
1436:
1244:
1114:(Persian), Faslnamah-e Takhassusi-ye Banuvan-e Shi’ah , Qom: Muassasah-e Shi’ah Shinasi,
770:
389:
320:
383:
3458:
3420:
3365:
3360:
3265:
3180:
2820:
2680:
2640:
2480:
2475:
2373:
2358:
2117:
1919:
1740:
1709:
1602:
1359:
695:
514:
494:
3552:
3468:
3385:
3291:
3281:
3190:
3099:
3084:
3079:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3018:
3005:
2860:
2564:
2378:
2316:
2291:
2271:
2221:
2141:
1989:
1618:
1610:
1535:
1487:
1290:
1115:
552:
471:
971:
208:
19:
3439:
3430:
3340:
3330:
3286:
3126:
3114:
3068:
3013:
2830:
2695:
2526:
2495:
2340:
2321:
2030:
1650:
374:
184:
49:
3473:
3410:
3345:
3320:
3305:
3244:
3033:
2885:
2775:
2597:
2296:
2232:
2136:
1984:
1886:
1658:
1634:
1570:
1551:
1543:
1519:
1404:
1346:
1280:
1153:
1089:
1073:
952:
699:
619:
575:
560:
529:
487:
330:
1240:"Israeli court rules Central American ultra-Orthodox sect is a 'dangerous cult'"
415:
3602:
3315:
2835:
2660:
2148:
2112:
1775:
1693:
1626:
1452:
830:
804:
564:
475:
105:
56:
46:
3571:
3546:
3450:
3435:
3405:
3350:
3230:
3185:
3134:
3104:
1807:
1701:
1666:
1388:
857:
663:
631:
541:
522:
431:
378:
315:
223:
1155:
Women and Human Security in South Asia: The Cases of Bangladesh and Pakistan
1131:
3478:
3463:
3415:
3324:
2869:
2735:
2158:
2107:
1815:
1799:
1783:
1725:
636:
463:
305:
279:
555:
women in art were almost always uncovered. The earliest written record of
3556:
3520:
3271:
2956:
2879:
2710:
844:
737:
533:
435:
95:
1043:
2910:
2301:
1823:
1791:
1717:
1685:
1495:
799:). However, an Indian and Pakistani cādar may more closely resemble a
766:
537:
443:
999:"Iran mistakenly promotes hijab with ancient bas-relief of veiled men"
2036:
International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)
1756:
1733:
1527:
1460:
1428:
881:
852:
809:
703:
623:
160:
75:
115:
2946:
2286:
2168:
1420:
671:
579:
571:
439:
259:
125:
120:
70:
594:
145:
3489:
1412:
800:
754:
728:
455:
423:
269:
175:
155:
150:
135:
85:
80:
510:
3295:
2615:
1444:
750:
711:
687:
667:
518:
325:
289:
284:
170:
165:
140:
130:
1301:
1184:"Chándá kar le" for "Take off the sheet or chaddar or dupatta"
570:
It is likely that the custom of veiling continued through the
2153:
905:
741:
719:
459:
427:
310:
110:
90:
65:
43:
24:
1933:
1396:
1332:
1140:
A cotton shawl traditionally worn in India by men and women
1112:
Hijab dar Iran az Enqelab-e Eslami ta payan Jang-e Tahmili
746:
611:
479:
451:
447:
430:
worn by many women in the Persian-influenced countries of
2911:
Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)
1182:. Punjab Government Civil Secretariat Press. p. 5.
1061:"More veils lift as topic loses political punch in Iran"
1297:, pp. 285–319. New York: New York University Press
1164:, signifying that a woman's honour has remained intact
1160:
the woman was sent back on the horse with gifts and a
1136:
American Heritage Dictionary (in: The Free Dictionary)
563:
from the sixth century as a female head dress worn by
394:'tent'), also variously spelled in English as
1198:"A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English"
820:
1295:
Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives
972:"CLOTHING ii. In the Median and Achaemenid periods"
775:
726:); or else a blouse and skirt or dress over pants (
656:International Women's Day Protests in Tehran, 1979
505:
3569:
1972:December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum
610:" representing a woman tearing off her chador,
2058:2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
1957:March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
1840:Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
1317:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1021:
1019:
350:
2916:Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)
2026:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
967:
965:
2532:Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)
2394:Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
1910:1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election
1324:
1310:
1099:
1016:
532:locates the origin of the veil in ancient
357:
343:
2041:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
1151:
1860:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
1269:Bruhn, Wolfgang, and Tilke, Max (1973),
1152:Habib, Kiran; Khan, Foqia Sadiq (2008).
1058:
962:
681:
601:
593:
509:
500:
18:
2646:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
1175:
3570:
2184:History of democracy in classical Iran
1285:Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance
1195:
1094:Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance
1078:Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance
957:Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance
2982:
2906:Defense Industries Organization (DIO)
2691:Iran and the World Trade Organization
2595:
2338:
2219:
1344:
1305:
1096:, Oxford/New York: Berg, pp. 174–175.
649:
2078:2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
2068:2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
863:Islamic veiling practices by country
3311:Chicago Persian antiquities dispute
2952:Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone
2926:National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
2725:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
2460:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
382:
13:
1850:Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)
1255:
1202:Digital Dictionaries of South Asia
1176:Leitner, Gottlieb William (1880).
16:Traditional Iranian female garment
14:
3614:
2921:Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)
2542:Supreme National Security Council
2368:Persian Constitutional Revolution
1998:Interim Government of Iran (1981)
1905:Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)
1895:Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)
1158:. University Press. p. 108.
482:, which commonly use reflexes of
3551:
3542:
3541:
2517:Assembly (or Council) of Experts
1223:Collins Hindi-English Dictionary
1080:, Oxford/New York: Berg, p. 174.
837:
823:
2716:Military equipment manufactured
2282:Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
2046:United States withdrawal (2018)
1967:Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)
1331:
1277:, 1955, Tübingen: Ernst Wasmuth
1232:
1211:
1189:
1169:
1145:
1124:
1083:
1067:
1052:
959:, Oxford/New York: Berg, p. 16.
506:Ancient and early Islamic times
3276:modern / contemporary
2522:Expediency Discernment Council
1845:1908 bombardment of the Majlis
1834:Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)
1358:
1271:A Pictorial History of Costume
1036:
991:
982:
946:
922:
898:
874:
760:
549:A Pictorial History of Costume
466:in public spaces or outdoors.
1:
2490:state-sponsorship allegations
2220:
1059:mshabani (10 December 2015).
868:
690:, Iran, 2019, wearing chadors
2947:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
2339:
2248:twin towns and sister cities
1554:Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)
1431:Mannai (10th–7th century BC)
1407:Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)
930:"чодар | Таджикский Словарь"
670:-type headscarf, along with
7:
3226:Water supply and sanitation
2983:
2957:Kish Island Free Trade Zone
2596:
2016:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
1391:civilization (3100–2700 BC)
1345:
816:
776:
608:Statue of a Liberated Woman
185:Practice and law by country
10:
3619:
2706:Economy of the Middle East
2083:2021–2022 Iranian protests
2073:2019–2020 Iranian protests
2053:2017–2018 Iranian protests
1514:Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)
1266:, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns
589:
3593:Persian words and phrases
3583:History of Asian clothing
3537:
3503:
3449:
3252:
3243:
3173:
3125:
3057:
3004:
2995:
2991:
2978:
2939:
2931:National Development Fund
2894:
2851:Telecommunications and IT
2845:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
2774:
2671:Foreign direct investment
2616:Bonyad (charitable trust)
2608:
2604:
2591:
2550:
2509:
2351:
2347:
2334:
2228:
2215:
2095:
1962:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
1952:Interim Government (1979)
1931:
1879:
1872:
1768:
1678:
1595:
1586:
1563:
1480:
1373:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1340:
1003:The Observers - France 24
782:
765:The Persian word entered
630:and all hijab during the
442:, and to a lesser extent
2681:International oil bourse
2446:Ministry of Intelligence
2031:Syrian civil war (2011–)
1855:1921 Persian coup d'état
1273:, original published as
1196:Platts, John T. (1884).
1046:— Surah An-Nur 24:30-31"
934:Tajik-Russian Dictionary
677:
3578:Islamic female clothing
3205:scientists and scholars
2711:Milad Tower and complex
2501:Women's rights movement
2496:White Revolution (1963)
2164:Peoples of the Caucasus
1506:Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)
1399:dynasties (2700–540 BC)
1287:, Oxford/New York: Berg
1264:From Cyrus to Alexander
1262:Briant, Pierre (2002),
1110:Ramezani, Reza (2010).
3516:Anti-Iranian sentiment
3511:Science and technology
3336:Intellectual movements
3216:International rankings
3200:Intellectual movements
2686:International rankings
2179:Heads of state of Iran
1985:Nojeh coup plot (1980)
1546:Empire (247 BC–AD 224)
1383:culture (3400–2000 BC)
910:Afghan Dari Dictionary
769:, and appeared in the
691:
647:
615:
599:
526:
28:
2804:Shetab Banking System
2794:Banking and insurance
2756:Tehran Stock Exchange
2676:Intellectual property
2021:PJAK conflict (2004–)
1794:Turcomans (1378–1508)
1786:Turcomans (1374–1468)
1735:Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
1538:Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)
694:Before the 1978–1979
685:
642:
605:
597:
513:
501:Historical background
493:Before the 1978–1979
22:
2765:Technology start-ups
2666:Environmental issues
2656:Economic Reform Plan
2570:Provincial governors
2260:Environmental issues
2008:Iran Air Flight 655
1749:Jalayirid Sultanate
1621:Caliphate (750–1258)
1463:Kingdom (652–625 BC)
1031:Encyclopædia Iranica
977:Encyclopædia Iranica
882:"Chador word origin"
3165:Freedom of religion
2751:Supreme Audit Court
2630:Automotive industry
2277:Iranian Balochistan
2003:1987 Mecca incident
1900:Iran crisis of 1946
1889:dynasty (1925–1979)
1818:Dynasty (1751–1794)
1759:dynasty (1338–1357)
1751:dynasty (1335–1432)
1743:dynasty (1314–1393)
1728:dynasty (1244–1381)
1712:dynasty (1077–1231)
1696:dynasty (1011–1215)
1613:Caliphate (661–750)
1605:Caliphate (632–661)
1573:Empire (AD 224–651)
1490:Empire (550–330 BC)
1471:Empire (626–539 BC)
1455:Empire (678–549 BC)
1439:Empire (911–609 BC)
1245:The Times of Israel
771:Hindustani language
321:My Stealthy Freedom
239:Taliban Afghanistan
3296:Persian New Year (
2701:Main economic laws
2272:Iranian Azerbaijan
2174:Monarchs of Persia
2118:Persianate society
1826:Empire (1789–1925)
1810:Empire (1736–1796)
1802:Empire (1501–1736)
1778:Empire (1370–1507)
1704:Empire (1037–1194)
1669:dynasty (934–1062)
1661:dynasty (931–1090)
1653:dynasty (861–1003)
1522:Empire (312–63 BC)
1423:(c.1595–c.1155 BC)
1291:Mir-Hosseini, Ziba
696:Iranian Revolution
692:
664:follow the pattern
650:Iranian Revolution
616:
600:
527:
515:Malek Jahan Khanom
495:Iranian Revolution
275:Gender segregation
29:
3565:
3564:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3499:
3498:
3406:Opium consumption
3239:
3238:
3075:Ethnic minorities
3049:Iranian languages
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2466:Political parties
2404:Children's rights
2389:Foreign relations
2383:2009 presidential
2330:
2329:
2292:Iranian Kurdistan
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2091:
2090:
2063:COVID-19 pandemic
1922:Revolution (1979)
1868:
1867:
1688:Empire (977–1186)
1645:dynasty (864–928)
1637:dynasty (821–873)
1629:dynasty (819–999)
1582:
1581:
1498:(c.323 BC–AD 226)
1162:chaddar / dupatta
618:The 20th century
540:was regulated by
472:Classical Persian
393:
367:
366:
3610:
3598:Robes and cloaks
3588:Iranian clothing
3555:
3545:
3544:
3396:National symbols
3250:
3249:
3065:Iranian citizens
3002:
3001:
2993:
2992:
2980:
2979:
2962:Research centers
2651:Economic history
2606:
2605:
2593:
2592:
2527:Guardian Council
2349:
2348:
2336:
2335:
2217:
2216:
2194:Electric history
2189:Military history
2103:Ancient Persians
2011:
2010:shootdown (1988)
1993:
1980:
1977:Iranian Embassy
1947:
1936:
1934:Islamic Republic
1923:
1915:1953 coup d'état
1890:
1877:
1876:
1835:
1832:Khanates of the
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1705:
1697:
1689:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1593:
1592:
1574:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1531:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1355:
1354:
1342:
1341:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1281:El Guindi, Fadwa
1250:
1249:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1128:
1122:
1108:
1097:
1090:El Guindi, Fadwa
1087:
1081:
1074:El Guindi, Fadwa
1071:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
995:
989:
986:
980:
969:
960:
953:El Guindi, Fadwa
950:
944:
943:
941:
940:
926:
920:
919:
917:
916:
902:
896:
895:
893:
892:
878:
847:
842:
841:
840:
833:
828:
827:
826:
787:, anglicized as
786:
779:
559:can be found in
446:, as well as in
421:
388:
386:
359:
352:
345:
31:
30:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3525:
3495:
3474:Rap and hip-hop
3445:
3426:Public holidays
3411:Persian gardens
3400:Imperial Anthem
3391:National Jewels
3346:Iranian studies
3235:
3169:
3121:
3053:
3014:Persian (Farsi)
2987:
2966:
2935:
2897:
2890:
2825:Pharmaceuticals
2770:
2761:Venture capital
2736:Rial (currency)
2721:Nuclear program
2600:
2579:
2546:
2505:
2456:Nuclear program
2421:Judicial system
2343:
2326:
2297:Iranian plateau
2224:
2203:
2087:
2009:
1991:
1978:
1946:History (1979–)
1945:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1888:
1864:
1833:
1825:
1817:
1809:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1764:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1674:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1604:
1588:
1578:
1572:
1559:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1489:
1476:
1470:
1469:Neo-Babylonian
1462:
1454:
1447:(860 BC–590 BC)
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1415:(c.2300–675 BC)
1414:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1362:
1349:
1336:
1330:
1300:
1258:
1256:Further reading
1253:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1204:. p. 416.
1194:
1190:
1174:
1170:
1150:
1146:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1109:
1100:
1088:
1084:
1072:
1068:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1024:
1017:
1008:
1006:
997:
996:
992:
987:
983:
970:
963:
951:
947:
938:
936:
928:
927:
923:
914:
912:
906:"Search Engine"
904:
903:
899:
890:
888:
880:
879:
875:
871:
843:
838:
836:
829:
824:
822:
819:
763:
680:
652:
592:
561:Pahlavi scripts
530:Fadwa El Guindi
508:
503:
488:Iranian Persian
450:communities in
363:
331:World Hijab Day
23:Young women in
17:
12:
11:
5:
3616:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3549:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3363:
3358:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3269:
3263:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3147:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3072:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
2999:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2858:
2848:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2602:
2601:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2575:Supreme Leader
2572:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2537:Local councils
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2432:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2414:Women's rights
2411:
2406:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2371:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2345:
2344:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2265:Climate change
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2149:Jiroft culture
2146:
2145:
2144:
2137:Iranic peoples
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2113:Persianization
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1987:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1941:
1939:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1720:(1135/36-1225)
1715:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1599:
1597:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1533:
1530:(c.295–220 BC)
1525:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1389:Proto-Elamite
1386:
1377:
1375:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1351:
1350:
1338:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1267:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1231:
1210:
1188:
1168:
1144:
1123:
1098:
1082:
1066:
1051:
1035:
1015:
990:
981:
961:
945:
921:
897:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
860:
855:
849:
848:
834:
831:Fashion portal
818:
815:
762:
759:
718:), and a long
679:
676:
651:
648:
591:
588:
542:sumptuary laws
507:
504:
502:
499:
422:, is an outer
365:
364:
362:
361:
354:
347:
339:
336:
335:
334:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
300:
299:
295:
294:
293:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
254:
253:
249:
248:
247:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
188:
187:
181:
180:
179:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
60:
59:
53:
52:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3615:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3370:news agencies
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2731:Privatization
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2200:
2199:Years in Iran
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Turco-Persian
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1992:War (1980–88)
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1798:
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3355:Islamization
3297:
3257:Architecture
3210:universities
3155:Zoroastrians
3150:Christianity
3140:Baháʼí Faith
3090:Azerbaijanis
2997:Demographics
2811:Construction
2799:Central Bank
2741:Space Agency
2636:Child labour
2471:Principlists
2451:Cyberwarfare
2399:Human rights
2364:Constitution
2159:Azerbaijanis
2128:Indo-Persian
2108:Greater Iran
1979:siege (1980)
1938:1979–present
1589:early modern
1587:Medieval and
1381:Kura-Araxes
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885:
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723:
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700:Shah of Iran
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627:
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614:, Azerbaijan
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306:Hijabophobia
234:Saudi Arabia
100:
3521:Tehrangeles
3484:Traditional
3221:Nationality
3159:persecution
3144:persecution
3095:Circassians
3044:Neo-Aramaic
3024:Azerbaijani
2896:State-owned
2821:Health care
2784:Agriculture
2621:Brain drain
2560:Ambassadors
2255:Earthquakes
1792:Aq Qoyunlu
1741:Muzaffarid
1718:Eldiguzids
1710:Anushtegin
1536:Kingdom of
1512:Kingdom of
1504:Kingdom of
1496:Atropatene
1488:Achaemenid
1429:Kingdom of
1374:3400–539 BC
1026:"ČĀDOR (2)"
886:Etymologeek
845:Iran portal
761:Beyond Iran
738:rural women
626:banned the
565:Zoroastrian
534:Mesopotamia
436:Afghanistan
416:naturalized
3572:Categories
3421:Philosophy
3380:newspapers
3361:Literature
3266:architects
3261:Achaemenid
3181:Corruption
2641:Corruption
2481:Reformists
2476:Propaganda
2374:Corruption
2359:Censorship
2302:Lake Urmia
1990:Iran–Iraq
1686:Ghaznavid
1564:AD 224–651
1528:Frataraka
1360:Prehistory
1275:Kostümwerk
1009:2021-11-28
939:2022-04-02
915:2022-04-02
891:2022-04-02
869:References
767:South Asia
553:Achaemenid
538:dress code
523:Qajar Iran
444:Tajikistan
3386:Mythology
3292:Calendars
3282:Astronomy
3191:Education
3100:Georgians
3085:Assyrians
3080:Armenians
3006:Languages
2898:companies
2861:Transport
2841:Petroleum
2626:Companies
2565:President
2552:Officials
2486:Terrorism
2435:Air Force
2379:Elections
2317:Provinces
2312:Mountains
2222:Geography
2142:languages
1880:1925–1979
1808:Afsharid
1769:1370–1925
1757:Chobanid
1651:Saffarid
1603:Rashidun
1571:Sasanian
1552:Kings of
1544:Parthian
1520:Seleucid
1461:Scythian
1421:Kassites
1405:Akkadian
1132:"Chudder"
1120:1735-4730
853:Headscarf
810:Lev Tahor
704:headscarf
686:Women in
624:Reza Shah
408:chud(d)ah
400:chad(d)ar
219:Indonesia
194:Australia
161:Selendang
76:Battoulah
3547:Category
3440:football
3431:Scouting
3341:Iranians
3331:Folklore
3127:Religion
3039:Georgian
3019:Armenian
2880:shipping
2875:railways
2865:airlines
2831:Industry
2696:Taxation
2510:Councils
2426:Military
2341:Politics
2322:Wildlife
2287:Caucasus
2169:Persians
2096:See also
1920:Iranian
1887:Pahlavi
1800:Safavid
1776:Timurid
1679:977–1432
1659:Ziyarid
1635:Tahirid
1627:Samanid
1619:Abbasid
1611:Umayyad
1596:632–1090
1413:Lullubi
1397:Elamite
1283:(1999),
1092:(1999),
1076:(1999),
955:(1999),
817:See also
672:overcoat
580:Sasanian
576:Parthian
572:Seleucid
440:Pakistan
426:or open
420:/tʃʌdər/
260:Andaruni
252:Concepts
229:Pakistan
126:Kimeshek
121:Kerudung
71:Al-amira
36:a series
34:Part of
3490:Ey Iran
3438: (
3398: (
3374:student
3372: (
3368: (
3353: (
3321:Cuisine
3306:Fashion
3294: (
3274: (
3259: (
3245:Culture
3193: (
3157: (
3142: (
3115:Turkmen
3067: (
3058:Peoples
3029:Kurdish
2985:Society
2886:Tourism
2863: (
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2843: (
2823: (
2816:Defense
2786: (
2776:Sectors
2763: (
2723: (
2628: (
2609:General
2598:Economy
2488: (
2458: (
2428: (
2381: (
2366: (
2352:General
2307:Islands
2243:largest
2233:Borders
1702:Seljuk
1694:Ghurid
1643:Alavid
1453:Median
1445:Urartu
1367:Ancient
1347:History
801:dupatta
797:chudder
793:chuddar
789:chaddar
755:Bahrain
729:shalvar
716:pirahan
708:rousari
620:Pahlavi
590:Pahlavi
567:women.
525:in 1848
456:Bahrain
424:garment
392:
375:Persian
270:Fahisha
199:Britain
176:Yashmak
156:Safseri
151:Paranja
136:Kurhars
116:Jilbaab
86:Burkini
81:Boshiya
44:Islamic
3557:Portal
3316:Cinema
3298:Nowruz
3195:higher
3069:abroad
3034:Hebrew
2940:Places
2836:Mining
2661:Energy
2238:Cities
2154:Aryans
1873:Modern
1824:Qajar
1667:Buyid
1335:topics
1219:"चादर"
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753:, and
751:Kuwait
724:daaman
712:blouse
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668:khimar
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519:regent
484:chādar
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458:, and
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396:chadah
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290:Zenana
285:Purdah
244:Turkey
214:France
204:Canada
171:Tudong
166:Shayla
146:Niqaab
141:Mukena
131:Khimar
101:Chador
96:Çarşaf
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3603:Veils
3451:Music
3436:Sport
3366:Media
3351:Islam
3287:Blogs
3231:Women
3186:Crime
3174:Other
3135:Islam
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777:cādar
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710:), a
678:Usage
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311:Hujum
298:Other
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66:Abaya
57:Types
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390:lit.
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