Nipo Strongheart - Knowledge

1111:... describe the changes that took place as the red man was driven westward and the decline of this once great race until at last they were forced to accept the dictates of the white man's government, and relinquish jurisdiction on the reservations set aside for them. ... his people were confined to the reservation for a period of 25 years. Their business and legal affairs were all to be handled by an agent responsible only to the Bureau of Indian Affairs ... at the end of the 25 year period the agents, seeing the tremendous advantage to themselves in keeping the Indians ignorant and in some cases swindled them in their business operations, brought influence to bear to have the time extended on the treaty ... 'Conditions on the reservation are no better today than they were in 1855' the speaker said. 'The education obtainable is only equivalent to a fifth-grade education. If further schooling is desired and can be paid for the young Indian is permitted to go to another school to ensure an education equivalent to that of the eight grade' ... 'More than that' he said, 'the mind of the young Indian is often poisoned against his own people by the conviction that the whites regard him as inferior. He thus loses his chance for success in both races, for he is afraid to mingle with the whites on an equal footing and he is ashamed of his own people. He becomes a renegade, an outlaw, or at best a shiftless drifter without ambition to overcome the odds against him ... This is the only country on earth for them ... and if they are willing to shed their blood for it, they should be good enough to share equally in the advantages that are given to every other race within our borders.' 1076:" ... deprives the child of individuality and that too many subjects are taught and not taught thoroughly; that education is delayed too long; while the Indian child learns from earliest infancy. ... Indians were more strict in the matter of morals, the Indian boys as well as the girls being taught to keep themselves pure and to honor and protect women ... The only killing for food while the kills for the fun of the thing. This has resulted in the loss of vast quantities of game. ... showed why the placing of the Indians on reservations had resulted in their impaired health ... canned food had proved to be detrimental to the health. ... Many injustices had been perpetrated as the shutting off of irrigation water ... The custom of sending children away from their parents to boarding schools has been fatal to the children and resulted in tragedies. ... 'sixty years ago the government granted the franchise to the colored race which is denied to the original Americans which now owing to their enforced stay on reservations have now dwindled to 196,000 Indians. The alien and colored children are in the white men's schools while the Indian children are required to be in separate schools. We believe if we are good enough to fight for you we have a right to be free. We ask for franchise and release from the reservations. 514:

to Andrew C. Rieser, were tailored to "appeal to the patriotic, churchgoing, white, native-born, mostly Protestant, northern and Midwestern middle classes". His tour included Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana. One of Strongheart's programs, entitled "From Peace Pipe to War Trail and Back Again", highlighted the "nobility, patience, inherent goodness, romance, traditions, faith and suffering of his people". Other programs he developed were "Tales of the First Americans", "The Past and Present of a Vanishing Race" – in which he dwelt on the effects of many decades under the Bureau of Indian Affairs, – and "My People the Yakima". Each lasted between one and two hours.

1164:, where he was able to include Indians who were not dressed in regalia and succeeded in redressing wrongs done to them; the lead role, however, was still played by a white man in Indian costume. Hearne said of the film, "The court sequence is heavily and multiply textualized ... conveying legal arguments and judgements that refer to treaties ... the judge's decision parses the meaning of the treaty text itself: 'We have examined the Federal treaty with the Indians and find that it gives them the right to fish where and when they please, without limitation by State tax or private ownership.'" A second specific case came late in Strongheart's career, on 1132:

unworthy men and there is no cause for divorce in his government ... (of the Indian Citizen Bill that passed he says it) failed to accomplish its purpose ... but which resulted in the Congress of the United States passing a resolution to investigate the entire system of the Indian office and its agencies. It is the hope that the Senate investigation committee will during this summer visit the isolated settlement of the Alabama and Coushata Indians, who are now living in a most pitiful state of existence, and observe the suffering these people have to ensure that no white man would ever tolerate under any circumstances ...

55: 1099:'I traveled through Reno, Nev.' writes Strongheart. 'I saw a very old lady of the Payutes seated on the sidewalk doing a little basket work to sell things. A number of passers-by stopped, watched her; some of the so-called white men remarked in a most insulting manner, and laughed at the expense of our poor beloved people ... One old, old man was there. He was hungry,' says Strongheart. 'I gave him a silver dollar, and tears rolled down his cheeks. He said "This is the first money I have seen in many years. Uncle Sam promised me grub and bed, but I sleep in the dust and I am always hungry."' 8569: 1544: 1270: 8577: 1552: 1278: 597:

for which he had campaigned. In February Strongheart appeared at an Ohio high school, and in December in Connecticut. This show resulted in an extended story covering the sufferings of Indians. He then returned to New York for the rest of the year, before going to Pennsylvania in January 1927. This coverage also prompted a broader call for changes in the treatment of Indians. In February Strongheart continued in Pennsylvania, before going to Ohio to promote the film

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to move ahead with the idea of a Cultural Center with a museum was voted on in 1973, and construction started in 1978. Development continued in 1979, and the Cultural Center, without the museum, was opened in 1980. The museum followed in 1982. These developments occurred while Strongheart's adopted kin, Leonard Tomaskin, was chairman of the General Council of the Yakama Nation. Some materials did not reach the Center until 2003.

931:"an acknowledgement rather than a declaration." He recalled that his father had taken him as a young man into the towering forests of the north-west and, sitting beneath majestic trees, had related to him the universal Indian tradition of brotherhood, counseling him, "The birds sing different songs, but they fly in the same sky; the trees have different bark and bear different fruit, but all grow from Mother Earth." 1031:

signatures in support of Indian rights in the petitions he presented at his traveling performances. Some of his trips into Pennsylvania were in support of Melville Clyde Kelly, who had a district there. The petitions and other advocacy work helped pass the Indian Citizenship Act in 1924, but he continued to campaign for the abolition of supervision by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, something largely achieved with

663:. They divorced in 1933. In April 1931 he and his wife gave a joint performance-lecture at a church in Los Angeles. In July he took some time off to visit friends in Woodland, California, and traveled to Washington for a brief stay at Yakima. In August he tried to register for a police badge in Los Angeles, for managing employment of Indians for film production. In August 1932, on the occasion of the 534:

British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. In October 1922, he mainly appeared at Society of American Indians meetings, including those in Kansas, Utah, and Illinois. A Lyceum performance was held in November in Illinois, at which he accepted an invitation on behalf of the Society of American Indians to be hosted in one year's time. During this period Strongheart's first daughter was born.

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respect women above all things, and protect them ever against himself. The children of the Indian family bear the name of the mother, rather than the father, which is explained in that they are born of the mother's flesh and blood and not the father's. From time to time they receive a different name, and their names signify their outstanding characteristics or accomplishments.

1157: ...". Scholar Joanna Hearne wrote, "Throughout his career in Hollywood, he worked as a translator, language coach, and casting agent for Westerns when directors sought to include realistic elements in their films ... in some cases he was able to use this position to agitate for changes, even suggesting the additions of specific characters". 1153:. According to Michelle H. Raheja, "Strongheart played primarily uncredited minor roles in films; however, his work off-screen is critical to understanding how Native American actors operated within a visual sovereignty paradigm. ... Strongheart ... used his position as an actor to propel his activism. He hosted Native American students from 628:

toured in Maine, Nebraska, Missouri, and went back to Pennsylvania, where again some news stories about problems faced by Indians were published. Then he undertook an extended tour of Ohio calling for a change in the treatment of Indians. An event in Massachusetts was scheduled for November. There were further meetings in Pennsylvania and Ohio.

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Trail and Back Again" was characterized as evoking the "nobility, patience, inherent goodness, romance, traditions, faith and suffering of his people." In another instance he was reported as saying that he was "... spending his life in a work that would tend to bring about a better understanding between the white man and his people".

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after his mother's death by a Yakama woman and brought up and educated in her family on the reservation. Although there was no written proof of his tribal membership, the tribe granted him "honorary" membership and he proudly carried around his card displaying his status. Strongheart performed with his father in

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He points out that ... an education above the fifth grade must have the sanction of the government agent of the reservation ... the younger ones, who have had schooling, should be enable to learn by responsibility. They might make some mistakes, but they would learn by them, and make better

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Though his will included money and materials for the Yakama Nation, many developments were delayed. The main effort began in 1970 when three vans of building materials arrived at the Yakama nation. However, in 1972 Strongheart was still being called a "white man" by the cemetery manager. The approval

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on the reservation. He had requested to be buried near Kate Williams, a relative of his mother who may have cared for him in his infancy and called a foster mother, and was buried next to the site where many of the Tomaskin family were later buried. Some brief obituaries were printed in January 1967;

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Spirit ordering each to make a pipe, smoke, and exchange with his neighbor, as a sign of peace between them. The word came to them to be "united," as all were children of one father. In one place they were to build a temple to be known as a council lodge, as a tradition of peace for their descendants.

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when the Indians wished peace, the word of the Great Spirit came to the medicine man, after three appeals, to manufacture the peace pipe. The smoke from the pipe circled up and formed a cloud, attracting to the place heads of many tribes. After watching for some time, they heard the word of the Great

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1904 and produced on Broadway in 1905 as his first major success. The play had been made into a film in 1914. As the play's success continued, a remake of the film was undertaken and Strongheart was asked to serve as a technical advisor. He included elements referring to the Yakama nation and had the

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projects in support of the war effort. He toured the eastern United States giving talks to support the war effort and encourage enlistment, apparently with some success. He discussed the injustice of foreigners being granted citizenship through naturalization only after a few years of residence while

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To an audience in 1921 he "revealed many appalling facts regarding the present day treatment of Indians ... Following the lecture many people signed a petition asking Congress to give the Indians the right to vote" according to the newspaper report. His performance piece "From Peace Pipe to War

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In 1926, Strongheart again went on tour, giving one show in California in February, followed by a break until July, when he appeared in Missouri. He took another break until October, when he appeared in Ohio. In August that year, during that break between shows, he visited playgrounds in Los Angeles

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passed in 1924. In 1924 he toured North Carolina and Texas, followed by an extended tour of California in May. A story about his Chautauqua shows was published in California, Texas, and Washington and he went to Utah, where he made an impassioned plea for better treatment of Indians. In July he went

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When Strongheart died, his will included provisions for seed money and materials to enable the Yakama Nation to build a library and museum; they developed the Yakama Cultural Center. In 2014 the Yakama established a permanent exhibition about Strongheart. Scholarly interest in him arose in 1997 when

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Strongheart's mother, Chi-Nach-Lut Schu-Wah-Elks, was reportedly of Native American descent; his father was European American. According to some sources, Strongheart lived with his white father for most of his childhood away from the reservation and Indian culture. Another source says he was adopted

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In a 1927 talk to a church group Strongheart " ... made an eloquent appeal that the Indian now be given the same chance in life as the white man, in education, in freedom, and in opportunity ... He ... not difficulty in expressing the most minute shades of meaning. Incidentally

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for ten million dollars to support the war effort. Thousands served in the Red Cross, and by making clothing and bandages. He also said the Indians had used camouflage long before its alleged invention by the French, but others had misinterpreted it as the body painting of savages. In Rhode Island,

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chapter in Los Angeles. He gave a talk in support of their call for protection of game animals. He recounted having served as an assistant State Humane Society officer in Washington State, where he personally saw 21 of 127 cases of elk that had been crippled or maimed by hunters. He said one of the

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From late 1922 to early 1923, there is a break in Strongheart's activities. A story was circulated based on a comment he made in 1918 concerning rights given to foreigners rather than Indians; this was published in several newspapers. In March 1923 he was in Wisconsin, in April in New York, May in

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fairs held across the United States. The Lyceum movement " ... reflected the increasing value Americans placed on public education ... became a site for public discussion, debate, and controversy." Chautauqua events were called "the most American thing in America" and according

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The young Indian is taught the lesson of life through the careful training of his parents, the mother devoting her entire time to her children and the father teaching his son to hunt and fish, taking him with him as a companion. They are taught self reliance at an early age, and they are taught to

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we have never had any attraction which gave us more satisfaction than . He spoke for two and a half hours to a good house, and the attention was wonderful until the last word, and then we had what is a very unusual custom here, that is for the people to want to speak to the lecturer and compliment

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After another break of several months, with several "warm up" stories that sometimes also pleaded for the suffering Indians, he made several appearances and performances in late June 1928 in Texas, which resulted in a long news story about the enfranchisement of Indians. His talks received glowing

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Strongheart's first marriage ended in divorce around October 1926, being effected in Los Angeles California. In January 1927 he was scheduled to perform at a Pennsylvania high school. He campaigned for amendment of the Citizenship Bill of 1924, which had not implemented the full citizenship rights

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traveling shows. Full families, including women and children, were employed by these shows and traveled on tour. They often set up and lived in encampments on the road similar to the traditional Indian camps. In a sense this helped them preserve their culture at a time when it was being suppressed

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by his European-American father, also George Mitchell, and later known as Strongheart, the boy was believed to have been born to a Native American mother named Chi-Nach-Lut Schu-Wah-Elks. She was also known as Lenora (née Williams) Mitchell. Strongheart's mother reportedly died when he was a young

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Before an Indian is permitted to consider marriage with a young girl he must have attained three feathers, each with a meaning, one for patience, courage and bravery, and two additional ones for honor must be added before he may be married. In this way the Indian protects his women from marrying

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mystery, saying, "the red man has always been a believer in education and civilization". He referred to the Great Spirit guiding Indians to peace and the ceremony of the Peace Pipe and suggested that the tower was such a temple, comparing it with other Native American structures across North and

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For the rest of the year, Strongheart made only a few appearances, one in Pennsylvania in July, and in Nebraska in October. 1929 continues with appearances from February to December – mostly in Pennsylvania, which also resulted in coverage of Indian advocacy and the dispelling of stereotypes. He

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Early in his transition to working in Los Angeles, Strongheart co-founded the Los Angeles Indian Center in 1936. Joan Weibel-Orlando, quoting Bramstedt (1977:93) said, "the Los Angeles Indian Center was "the most widely known Indian institution in Los Angeles and 'played an integral role in the

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In one of Strongheart's first talks that were reported in newspapers, held on August 10, 1918, he shook hands with a Chippewa soldier and other servicemen. Later, when interviewed by the reporter, he quoted government figures indicating a broad nationalism among the Indians – that 10,000 of the

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In 1933, he suffered a robbery-cum-assault in Los Angeles, which may have affected his touring. Strongheart had begun to give talks in libraries and at cultural arts events. After 1933, his public talks were few in number, with one each in 1945, 1957, 1963, and 1964. In June 1934, he chaired an

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During this work, he was presented as "Chief Strongheart", with a false lineage. He went on to tour over 200 soldiers' camps. Several of the events were reported in newspapers. A part of his 1919 presentation about Indians, who he said "invented" camouflage, was picked up in several newspapers.

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Strongheart was an honorary member of the Yakama tribe during the administration of the 1946 Yakima Enrollment Act after having helped the Tomaskin family. Leonard Tomaskin would have been 22 years old in 1946. Some 22 years later, he was elected Chairman of the General Council of the Yakama

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War Work Council. He toured military camps across New England, where he gave presentations on Native American culture and praised military service. His recruiting talks encouraged hundreds of men to volunteer for war service. After World War I and his job ended, Strongheart moved briefly to the

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Strongheart's talks often used local references and criticized named officials, earning him the censure of the Indian Office and his employers. But these difficulties were overcome and Strongheart was able to continue, though not "naming names" as much. Overall he gathered tens of thousands of

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and was still well received, though most of the time his advertising said he would be wearing the Native regalia so he did. However, the ornamentation he wore was appropriate to an actual chief which he was not - being only the son of a daughter of a chief. In mid-1922 he embarked on a tour of

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from 1925 was done by the "Washington Film Preservation Project" and the film shown at a Yakama Nation Native American Film Festival in 2006 and 2007. A scholar began to give talks on Strongheart's life in 2013. A permanent exhibition based on his collections and work was established in 2014.

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He continued to express his views of moral conduct and spiritual life. During an appearance at the Yakama reservation in 1921, he said "that the 'Great Spirit' and 'Jesus Christ' were different names for the same God, who looked upon all His children" (paraphrased by scholar Lori Lynn Muntz).

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An article from 1919 states, "With all the eloquence of his race ... pleaded ... for the freedom of his people and advocated the right of citizenship for them ... Strongheart flayed the white race for its treatment of the red man, advocated allowing his people to leave the

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At some point his official status as a member of the Yakama Nation ended. At a performance in 1927, he said that when his military service ended, he had been given the choice of returning to the reservation or losing his tribal rights. He did return but soon left the reservation again.

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Visiting reservations gave Strongheart a chance to learn from different nations and let him report to the Society of American Indians on the conditions in reservations, which he was doing actively by 1921. Through the Society he reported on investigations of land grabs against

502:, around January 17, 1921. He wrote to McWhorter and told him of his commitment to help the Indians and teach non-Indian audiences about their culture and their contributions to their country. Strongheart and McWhorter carried on a correspondence until the latter died in 1944. 604:

A performance-cum-lecture in West Virginia resulted in more publicity: "Indians are held in abject slavery says Strongheart". More performances in Ohio in April/May yielded more publicity for the suffering of Indians on reservations. In late May he attended a pow wow in the

752:. Strongheart hired 50 Indians, translated the script into an Indian language, and coached the non-Indian actors on their lines. A newspaper carried his critique on Hollywood standards of beauty and roles of women in 1949. In 1950, he was involved in an MGM production of 4797: 1876: 1123:. This tribe came at the request of General Sam Houston to aid in the fight for Texas Independence in 1836," which was recognized in May 1928. He also garnered several columns of space and two articles reviewing his views of Native culture and standards: 2507: 922:

attended, at a time when members of 34 American tribes had joined the Bahái faith and twenty six Native Americans were present. Asking attendees who had most recently joined the religion to speak up, and expressing a Baháʼí teaching on the

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A 1997 work noted his military service as part of a wider review of Native American participation. Since 2005, he has been mentioned in a number of books or academic papers on Indians in Hollywood, most recently in 2013. A restoration of

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citizens than they have under 95 years of paternalism ... the Bureau of Indian Affairs still claims that the Indians are incompetent; does this not speak very poorly of the paternalism of that monstrous organization ... ?

371:. Because he spoke enough English and a smattering of other Indian languages to act as a translator, he played a crucial role as a liaison between the non-Indian production staff and the Indian children they had picked for the movie. 3409: 2528: 1007:

expedition, was returned to the museum voluntarily in 2011 when it was identified. The total donation included about 7,000 reference books and a variety of other materials Strongheart had gathered during his lifetime and travels.

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to rename themselves after the Yakimas rather than the (eastern) Mohawks. From then on, advertising sometimes depicted Strongheart wearing Indian regalia and sometimes dressed in normal attire as shown in a scene from the movie.

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forced upon the tribal governments in contravention of their treaty rights and status as sovereign entities. The organization continues to be an association of federally recognized and state recognized American Indian tribes.

1168:, for which he wrote a critical review of the proposed screenplay, even though other departments of the studio had begun work on it. This led to a meeting with studio executives, resulting in major changes to the project. 437:

as "an expert rider, a sharpshooter and wanted to go in any capacity". Reportedly he was refused the chance to serve further because he was wounded. The attempt to form what were known as the Roosevelt Roster failed. The

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hero succeed in preserving Indian fishing rights, a topic of some recent interest. The original film was 30 minutes long; the revised movie ran for 71 minutes. As the project was nearing completion, a canine star named

939:. Later in October Strongheart addressed a public gathering sponsored by the Baháʼís, speaking on themes of race unity and citizenship. In 1965 Strongheart, with other Baháʼís, took part in an event sponsored by the 4903: 1807: 7237: 2549: 355:

Strongheart wrote an article in 1954 that dates his involvement in what he called "historical ethnological studies" to around 1905, perhaps between seasons of the Buffalo Bill show. He claimed to have attended

8707: 7424: 4776: 333:) during a show after he fainted and regained consciousness. It was as if he had risen from the dead, and the name is interpreted as "he lives!" or the imperative "live!" He added "Nipo" to his Yakama name, 285:

researchers were studying military service by Native Americans and in 2006 when other scholars analyzed issues related to portrayal of and participation by Native Americans in the Hollywood film industry.

7369: 2153: 4818: 2654: 2633: 1842: 1243: 648:. He gave a few performance-lectures in early 1930: one in Pennsylvania and two in Wisconsin. In July 1930, Strongheart attended a congress of Native Americans from the United States and Canada. 199:

circuit. Throughout his life, which spanned several careers, he was an advocate for Native American issues. He spoke on religious issues several times, and late in life he became a member of the

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Indians on the reservations, whose ancestors had been on the continent for thousands of years, were not given "the same liberty and power". (This was prior to passage of the citizenship act.)

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in Los Angeles, he was employed to create an exhibition about Indians at a store. In November 1932, he gave a presentation titled "Design and Color in the Art of the American Indian" at the

3417: 3390: 2704: 955:. In 1965 the Baháʼís held a meeting of the religion on the Yakama reservation. In 1969 the first Yakama Baháʼí community of nine adults – the number required to form a Baháʼí 8198: 706:. Around the same time in late 1936, there are reports of him operating a casting bureau for Indians in Hollywood. In 1940, McWhorter thanked Strongheart for researching records of the 1116:

he had a fund of humor which caught his hearers by surprise from time to time, and occasionally he found opportunity for a little satire and sarcasm at some of the Caucasian follies."

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with Mexico, when it was engulfed in its own civil war. In 1910–12, he again worked in the Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show and Pawnee Bill traveling shows as a bareback trick rider.

3707: 2176: 759: 425:, a progressive group composed mostly of Native Americans. It was organized to improve health, education, civil rights, and local government, and address the problems they faced. 2123: 1003:

Some of the donated materials were later stolen; the curator arrested in 2008 and most of the items were recovered. One of them, a basket understood to have been gathered by the

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and their language, and toured to promote the movie. He made a number of suggestions that resulted in corrections and improvements to the script. After Pony Soldier he worked on

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and his efforts in Congress on behalf of Indians, even though Kelly had no Indian constituents or political relationships with Indians. In December 1920 Strongheart met with the

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it was reported that some of Strongheart's legacy was to be used for a Yakima library and museum, with the rest of the estate going mostly to his son Daniel F. Strongheart. The

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printed a slightly longer obituary titled "Services Set Today for Chief Strongheart – Colorful Yakima Indian Was Lecturer, Actor and Adviser on Numerous Films", and

8153: 736:. It was also attended by several Yakama chiefs after the studio representatives failed to find opportunities with Indians in 1945. In 1947, he was listed in the credits of 8499: 7114: 8620: 1700: 466:

Newspapers also reported that he returned to Yakama in February 1919. He was back in the New York area in early 1920. Around 1920, he married Inez Wiley, daughter of a

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played the character Strongheart. News stories covering the work were published in New York and California. During this time, he encouraged a boys' group, similar to

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He also helped develop or found a number of organizations to support or represent Native Americans, including the Los Angeles Indian Center for urban Indians and the

913:. In late February 1963, in a private capacity rather than as a performer, Strongheart attended a gathering of Indian Baháʼís in Arizona for a "Great Council Fire." 6701: 6649: 6675: 1057:, he blamed some of the history of Indian violence on Mormons who dressed as Indians and set off a chain of events leading to military conflict culminating in 4860: 4497: 1146: 278: 7764: 439: 54: 976: 738: 1850: 1247: 1084: 337:, which he translated as "Strongheart". Another biography states that the name "Nipo" was given to Strongheart in his infancy by his adoptive mother. 8687: 305:, after his mother's death, Strongheart was adopted or raised by one of his mother's relatives for several years, living with them and attending the 5315: 861:

In the last years of Strongheart's career, he taught Indian arts and crafts for the University of Southern California and the University of Alaska.

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lodges. He made connections between Native American beliefs in the Great Spirit and certain Christian concepts. In 1918, explaining the use of the

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and co-founded the Los Angeles Indian Center. Strongheart gained publicity from his consulting work, and in late 1936 he was thanked for assisting

530: 402:(1919), played the part of Nipo the Medicine Man, and appeared on stage between acts to tell the audience a portion of the true story. A May 1916 8692: 6972: 6954: 1785: 924: 8677: 1622: 1327: 1185:

formation of service organizations. In fact, if the history of Indian groups had any common thread, it was produced by this organization'"

1574: 8529: 6113: 232: 525:. During his trip to California from March to May, he promoted petitions in favor of Indian citizenship. The tour included the state of 281:; he helped translate movie scripts into the languages of the Native American peoples portrayed. He also dealt with wardrobe and props. 8657: 8100: 8082: 7958: 7783: 7736: 6403: 6367: 4201: 2310: 8127: 8064: 7984: 7877: 4471: 3586: 8672: 8011: 1211: 1061:. After that the Indians just protested being restricted to reservations, all of which was made even more troublesome when gold was 909:

was February 27, 1932, at an inter-racial meeting and dinner in Los Angeles sponsored by the religion. The speakers included Chief

250:. As the audiences for the lecture circuit declined, he became involved in filmmaking. He was involved in a number of projects in 458: 8507: 2154:"And then the war began (1917) – A Man Who Was There Tells the Story of the First German Raid upon American Trenches in France" 386: 656:

Indians' grievances against white culture was the "wanton and ruthless destruction of animals essential to man's sustenance".

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Pennsylvania North Dakota, Illinois, then California in July. Strongheart's petitions and other advocacy work helped get the

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Later newspaper coverage reports that Strongheart was serving in the military in the West in 1914; it may have been with the

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Afi: American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States : Feature Films 1941–1950 Indexes

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In 1928, he more than once urged support of a bill "that would aid the 200 Alabama Coushatta people living in a swamp near

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In 1910, Strongheart was reported to be in Oklahoma, which had recently been admitted to the Union. He was serving in the

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These biographies—and others—agree that Strongheart and his father were employed as bareback trick riders for

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nation chief, in accordance with tribal custom and law, as arranged by her father. As early as 1919 Strongheart knew of

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and to give a performance at the theatre and the local high school, which resulted in further publicity for his cause.

8662: 2742:"Services Set Today for Chief Strongheart- Colorful Yakima Indian Was Lecturer, Actor and Adviser on Numerous Films". 7098: 7026: 5218: 2847: 833: 357: 345: 231:

circuits of fairs. He gave presentations on Native American culture and often spoke against the problems of life of

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Yakima Nation Media Services, "Nipo Strongheart Chronology", published by the Yakima Nation Cultural Center, 1980s.

208: 6785: 4245: 3729: 640:. The national Chautauqua audiences were dwindling with the rise in popularity of radio programs and movie-going. 239:, which granted citizenship to all Native Americans who did not already have it; the bill was signed by President 6609: 5268: 5105: 968: 778: 105: 8420: 7210: 6498: 6012: 5576: 5557: 5538: 5054: 5028: 3063: 572:(1925), just as the silent film era was drawing to a close. Strongheart had a part in the film, once again as a 8442: 6730: 5353: 4750: 529:, where he visited the Yakima reservation on July 3, 1921. On one occasion, in Washington, he did not wear the 406:

newspaper article reported an Indian actor named Strongheart in connection with a silent movie variously named

236: 163: 8393: 5866: 5785: 5747: 5455: 5391: 4578: 3947: 3567: 3522: 3361: 3282: 3260: 3198: 2612: 2591: 2570: 2346: 8682: 8312: 7681: 6094: 5372: 4028: 3458: 3439: 2004: 1150: 8338: 5811: 4441:"Chapel speaker is Yokima Chief – Chief Strongheart, notable Indian, is warrior, lecturer, and picture star" 4220: 4092: 4002: 3984: 3681: 3161: 898:

He also talked about the calumet, or peace pipe, in lectures in 1925 in California and in New York in 1926.

7555: 6429: 6312: 6268: 5986: 5287: 5080: 3496: 3477: 1058: 1045: 7859: 6936: 6473: 6338: 4604: 4440: 636:

In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the market for lectures declined. He became more active in the

505:

Beginning in 1921, Strongheart embarked on an extended series of lectures-cum-performances as part of the

7001:

War Chief Joseph. Assisted in the Research by Dan L. Mcgrath. Maps and Illustrations by George D. Mcgrath

5234:

Spears, Raymond S; illustrated by Criswell, Ralph C. (May 22, 1927). "You may specialize in California".

4976: 4670: 3755: 3541: 2081: 952: 518: 422: 361: 8443:"New Center in Washington to encourage Indian arts plans rebirth of ancient crafts of lost civilization" 4552: 3832: 1107:

in 1926, Strongheart's talk began with some introductory remarks about early history and then began to:

317: 8596:

Representing Indians: The Melodrama of Native Citizenship in United States Popular Culture of the 1920s

6242: 6198: 3235: 3034: 2971: 2364: 1494:

Representing Indians: The Melodrama of Native Citizenship in United States Popular Culture of the 1920s

1154: 972: 940: 668: 641: 379: 8364: 6814: 6756: 4932: 4066: 4047: 3781: 3612: 3342: 3217: 3008: 821:

people, a group with whom Strongheart had dealings during his Lyceum tour in Texas. In the 1952 movie

7094: 6539: 3883: 3807: 1701:"Speaking for the First Americans: Nipo Strongheart and the campaign for American Indian citizenship" 1420:

Nikkei in the Pacific Northwest: Japanese Americans & Japanese Canadians in the twentieth century

1054: 495: 217: 7841: 5181: 4176: 4147: 3966: 1039:

roughly 100,000 Indians had volunteered for war service, and that Indians at home had subscribed to

659:

Possibly in late 1930, Strongheart married Marion Campbell Winton, whom he met in Florida among the

7398: 7166: 6880:

Reservation Reelism: Redfacing, Visual Sovereignty, and Representations of Native Americans in Film

4526: 4128: 2426: 2037: 936: 637: 475: 344:

In the 1930s, when the government was encouraging tribes to reorganize their governments under the

6224: 6173: 6155: 6136: 5969: 5943: 5918: 5892: 5840: 5766: 5728: 5709: 5690: 5672: 5627: 5602: 5507: 5489: 5436: 5002: 4950: 4722: 4696: 4630: 3180: 1188:

Still early in his transition to Hollywood Strongheart also aided directly in the founding of the

6386: 6294: 6075: 6057: 6038: 3665: 1053:

reservations and told with pardonable pride, of their fine war record". Possibly alluding to the

878: 711: 8286: 7456: 5841:"Indian Chief made address – interesting lecture by Chief Strongheart enjoyed by large audience" 5249: 4365: 3928: 2400: 2382: 2328: 2292: 2274: 2202: 726:. In 1946 he was contracted as a talent scout to hire 100 Indians for the première of the movie 433:

On May 18, 1917, a person referred to as "George Strongheart" tried to volunteer for service in

5410: 2107: 1582: 1222: 1206: 1062: 849: 680: 568: 539: 256: 169: 86: 8533: 8038: 7294: 7267: 6121: 6013:"Says Indian lacks chance – Strongheart, lecturer, sees unfairness in confinement to Reserves" 5653: 5208: 4339: 4271: 3323: 3142: 3089: 2808: 2248: 2063: 8702: 8594: 8473: 7707: 7474: 7016: 6910: 6878: 5472: 4309: 1975: 1492: 1418: 1087:

sought to establish an "American Indian Arts & Crafts Foundation" and met with President

918: 843: 813: 695: 676: 118: 7564:. Vol. VII (April 1936 - 1938 ed.). Bahai Publishing Committee. 1939. p. 663. 1937: 8652: 8647: 7618:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States. April 1963. p. 16. 7585:. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States. April 1963. p. 17. 5748:"Movie actor coming here – Chief Strongheart will give lecture in Willsborough February 23" 5334: 5150: 5131: 4110: 3909: 3857: 3638: 3304: 2990: 2945: 2926: 2907: 2889: 2863: 2229: 910: 664: 610: 585: 471: 375: 8506:. Bayes-Yeager Online Archive of the Performing Arts, by Harold Lang. 1928. Archived from 7481:. Newport, Rhode Island: Redwood Library & Athenæum. November 19, 1985. p. sec a4 7198:

The Indians; A tribute to the many Native Americans who toiled in the B-western and serial

906: 200: 8: 748: 652: 403: 7644: 7611: 7578: 7559: 7045:. Washington State University Libraries – Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections 1160:

The first specific case mentioned by scholars was his involvement in the 1925 remake of

243:. Strongheart believed the bill would help end reservations and empower Indian culture. 235:

as enforced by government policy. He played an important role in the development of the

211:. His public performances began in 1917, when he was in his twenties and worked for the 6339:"The mountain Indians' Carries; Two centuries before Captain Smith -"Entertains Chief"" 2763: 1728: 1415:

The tribe has recognized various spellings of his mother's name at various times – see

1398: 988: 956: 869:

At times in his performing career, Strongheart had appeared at lyceums held at several

799: 671:. In December 1932, he performed a show in Pennsylvania. In January 1933 he spoke to a 555: 526: 389:, which was stationed there. Strongheart was reportedly wounded and his service ended. 306: 191:(May 15, 1891 – December 31, 1966) was an American performer in Wild West shows, 8600: 8479: 8044: 7821: 7656: 7619: 7586: 7300: 7273: 7172: 7022: 6916: 6884: 5214: 4428: 4413: 4396: 4345: 4315: 4277: 2843: 2818: 1981: 1943: 1732: 1720: 1654: 1498: 1424: 1120: 914: 769: 743: 499: 192: 147: 1716: 1712: 948: 794: 733: 707: 547: 543:

to the state of Washington and Montana. During this period his first son was born.

7042: 2401:"Work concluded in Portsmouth – Strongheart pleased with this city and its people" 8697: 8549: 7815: 6999: 5182:"Life of Indian interestingly reviewed in address Strongheart made to local club" 2812: 1648: 1193: 1178: 1004: 522: 506: 398: 240: 224: 139: 8264: 8196: 8171: 7355: 3120: 1181:

and advocated for the unrecognized tribes of the Calusa and Pitt River peoples.

1072:

Another report of Strongheart's talk said he criticized white education, saying:

8634:

from time index 10:32 with excerpts from movies and scenes from the collection.

8233: 7765:"Columbia man returns rare Native American artifact to Washington state museum" 4341:

Campus Life in the Movies: A Critical Survey from the Silent Era to the Present

1088: 944: 886: 728: 8199:"Wasco Sally Bag – American dealer and Paul Cary and the Yakama Nation Museum" 2838:

Rieser, Andrew C. (2003). "Chautauqua Movement". In Kutler, Stanley I. (ed.).

8641: 7660: 7623: 7590: 7457:"A tradition of peace – theory that "Old Stone Mill: was a temple of Indians" 5323:. Deschutes National Forest Service, US Dept. of Agriculture. pp. 50–51. 1724: 1040: 782: 754: 723: 393: 247: 5250:"Ancient Indian pictures on dry river reveal tale of central Oregon warfare" 3663: 3035:"Indian Chief thrills with romance and Legend of great by vanishing Yakimas" 2972:"Indian Chief thrills with romance and Legend of great by vanishing Yakimas" 870: 823: 774: 703: 577: 573: 454: 277:(NCAI). Through Strongheart's involvement in film production, he countered 266: 176: 5628:"Club Women lay plans – Chief Strongheart to give program at Temple Oct 8" 1903: 690:

1936 was a year of transition for Strongheart. In August 1936 he hosted a

7717:(19). National Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States: 7. July 1969 7193: 2842:. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 113–114. 1145:

Strongheart practised his activism broadly across his career, addressing

828: 606: 563: 365: 321: 310: 251: 4786:. Schenectady New York. September 9, 1926. p. 7, 3rd col, below mid 4407: 4390: 781:, Strongheart translated the script, coached the stars, and worked with 7507:. Los Angeles, California. November 19, 1925. p. 1, (bottom right) 6225:"Chronology of local happenings (July) Chief Nipo Strongheart ..." 4913:. Saratoga Springs, New York. December 18, 1926. p. 6, 3rd col top 4424: 1402: 1216: 1192:

in 1944, in response to termination and assimilation policies that the

804: 510: 479: 442:

was committed to fight in World War I in France, leaving in June 1917.

246:

In his early youth, Strongheart had some experience with the fledgling

228: 196: 143: 4447:. Los Angeles, California. November 18, 1925. p. 1, (bottom left) 1650:

Native Performers in Wild West Shows: From Buffalo Bill to Euro Disney

8708:

American people who self-identify as being of Native American descent

6912:

Indian Country, L.A.: Maintaining Ethnic Community in Complex Society

4891:. Kingston, New York. December 2, 1926. p. 7, 5th col, below mid 2814:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Cultural and Intellectual History

2133:. New York, New York. May 18, 1917. pp. 12, 2nd col below middle 818: 786: 613:. Then there was a break until November, when he appeared in Oregon. 450: 7238:"Stars are too skinny to arouse the interest of Indians, says Chief" 7137:"Elsa Maxwell's Week-end Round-up: The day of the premiere ..." 5812:"Indian Chief deplores failure of US to give citizenship to Red Men" 3717:. New York, New York. April 19, 1923. p. 18, col. 8 near bottom 3416:. Creston, British Columbia. May 26, 1922. p. 3. Archived from 3117:"Essanay Studios Staff Directory – Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum" 1219:, a leading Native American associated with Hollywood, and a Baháʼí. 449:

War Work Council, which was established in May 1917 supporting the

8197:

Anne Laure Bandle; Raphaël Contel; Marc-André Renold (March 2012).

7645:"Baháʼís celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the United Nations" 5238:. Los Angeles, California. pp. K8–K9 (see K9 for his mention). 3270:. Colville, Washington. June 25, 1921. p. 5, 5th col below top 2811:. In Rubin, Joan Shelley; Boyer, Paul S.; Casper, Scott E. (eds.). 1939:

Making the White Man's Indian: Native Americans and HollywoodMovies

982: 790: 679:, followed by a series of performances in April, May and August in 660: 581: 8599:(Thesis). Department of English, University of Iowa. p. 265. 8471: 6997: 5317:

Visitor information service book for the Deschutes National Forest

1763:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. January 9, 1927. p. 24, col 2–3 1497:(Thesis). Department of English, University of Iowa. p. 265. 1268: 8040:

Columbia River Basketry: Gift of the Ancestors, Gift of the Earth

5254:

A 75-year-old newspaper clipping reports The Badlands pictographs

1080:

Many attendees to that talk signed two petitions (House/Senate).

992:

also published an obituary. The painter Chief Silver Moon of the

882: 808: 691: 645: 566:

rose to prominence. The DeMille film was renamed and released as

261: 7708:"The Proclamation of Baháʼu'lláh is presented to Indian Leaders" 6955:"Idaho graduate writes biography of famous leader of Nez Perces" 8452:. Washington D.C. January 22, 1922. p. 5 see far right col 6973:"Was Red Napoleon master mind? Idahoan probes history for clue" 6095:"Chautauqua brings Indian who starred in Picture, "Braveheart"" 4828:. Utica, New York. November 11, 1926. pp. 21, 7th col. mid 2580:. Canfield Ohio. October 8, 1920. pp. 1, 2nd col below top 874: 467: 7211:"Indians, Black Mare teaming to bring "Black Gold" to varsity" 7164: 6345:. Reading, Pennsylvania. March 2, 1930. p. 19 (far right) 4882:"New Paltz ... Monday evening Chief Strongheart ..." 2622:. Klamath Falls Oregon. November 22, 1920. pp. 4, 2nd col 8627: 8567: 7941: 5233: 4849:. Amsterdam, New York. November 16, 1926. p. 14, 4th col 2601:. Island Pond Vermont. November 11, 1920. pp. 1, 3rd col 1542: 993: 8574:

Encyclopedia of the American Indian in the Twentieth Century

3371:. Leavenworth Washington. July 29, 1921. pp. 1, 5th col 2112:. World Photographic Publishing Company. 1916. p. 1805. 1549:

Encyclopedia of the American Indian in the Twentieth Century

1389:

Strongheart, Nipo T. (Autumn 1954). "History in Hollywood".

1275:

Encyclopedia of the American Indian in the Twentieth Century

764:

as an actor and worked as a technical advisor for the film.

683:, while he was in the process of divorcing Marion Campbell. 644:

was well underway and most studios had changed to producing

352:

Nation, their tribal government, serving from 1968 to 1983.

303:

Encyclopedia of the American Indian in the Twentieth Century

7884:. Tascaloosa-Northport Alabama. October 1, 1967. p. 18 7655:(413): 7–9 (mentioned on page 8, mid-right). January 1966. 3292:. Leavenworth Washington. July 1, 1921. pp. 1, 6th col 722:

Strongheart was increasingly integrated into the Hollywood

446: 360:

in Pennsylvania. He also claimed to have participated in a

212: 42: 8226:"Native American Film Festival – Preservation celebration" 5970:"There will be a big day for junior chautauquans ..." 2517:. North Tonawanda. September 23, 1920. pp. 2, 5th col 546:

In 1925, Strongheart became involved in a film project by

325:

elsewhere. One biography states that he acquired the name

8530:"A Brief History Of The Alabama-coushatta Tribe Of Texas" 7043:"Guide to the Lucullus Virgil McWhorter Papers 1848–1945" 6598:. Los Angeles, California. November 20, 1932. p. A3. 4957:. New Castle, Pennsylvania. December 16, 1926. p. 13 4939:. New Castle, Pennsylvania. November 17, 1926. p. 16 4697:"Irondale school to show third feature of picture series" 3864:. Whiteville, North Carolina. February 7, 1924. p. 5 1646: 767:

In 1951, Strongheart worked briefly on the production of

717: 8475:

Forgotten Voices: Death Records of the Yakama, 1888–1964

8345:. Fitchburg, Massachusetts. December 12, 1919. p. 6 8339:"Citizenship for Indians sought – continued from page 2" 8319:. Fitchburg, Massachusetts. December 12, 1919. p. 2 6638:. Los Angeles, California. January 8, 1933. p. B12. 6615:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. December 13, 1932. p. 3 5792:. Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. February 28, 1929. p. 6 5773:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. February 27, 1929. p. 2 5373:"Chief Strongheart will be heard here coming Chautauqua" 4366:"Yakima Indians see governor and get old fishing rights" 2746:. Los Angeles, California. January 5, 1967. p. a10. 2714:. Rhinebeck NY. March 20, 1920. p. 11, left col top 2407:. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. November 2, 1918. p. 8 2389:. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. October 30, 1918. p. 5 2371:. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. October 30, 1918. p. 7 2177:"YMCA organizes Washington War Work Council in May 1917" 2011:. Fitchburg, Massachusetts. December 12, 1919. p. 2 1602: 1600: 1416: 348:, Strongheart attempted to document his Yakama lineage. 8472:

Clifford E. Trafzer; Robert R. McCoy (March 20, 2009).

8293:. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. August 10, 1918. p. 4 7926:. Los Angeles, California. March 23, 1967. p. sf2. 7688:. Port Angeles, Washington. October 18, 1965. p. 6 7536:. Amsterdam NY. November 19, 1926. p. 2, left half 7265: 7124:. New York, New York. July 8, 1946. p. 15, 2nd col 6859:. Los Angeles, California. August 28, 1936. p. 10. 6568:. Los Angeles, California. August 25, 1931. p. A2. 6459:. Los Angeles, California. October 26, 1929. p. 6. 6205:. North Adams, Massachusetts. June 13, 1929. p. 16 5899:. North Adams, Massachusetts. March 8, 1929. p. 11 5847:. Wellsboro, Pennsylvania. February 27, 1929. p. 1 5754:. Wellsboro, Pennsylvania. February 13, 1929. p. 1 5735:. Reading, Pennsylvania. September 22, 1928. p. 19 5691:"Woman's club to head American Indian at meeting today" 4983:. New Castle, Pennsylvania. January 22, 1927. p. 8 4527:"Nipo Strongheart is "Braveheart" is Real Medicine Man" 2870:. Greenville, Pennsylvania. January 19, 1921. p. 2 2796:. Los Angeles, California. October 3, 1926. p. 14. 2299:. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. August 10, 1918. p. 4 2209:. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. August 10, 1918. p. 4 967:

Strongheart died on December 31, 1966, aged 75, at the

396:

on the story used in the production of the silent film

8576:. Vol. online. Facts On File, Inc. Archived from 8532:. The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas. Archived from 7866:. Lewiston-Auburn Maine. September 28, 1967. p. 9 6682:. Eagle Rock, California. May 4, 1933. p. 6 sec B 6583:. Los Angeles, California. August 3, 1932. p. A8. 6528:. Los Angeles, California. April 27, 1931. p. A9. 5716:. Reading, Pennsylvania. February 11, 1929. p. 11 5673:"The last of the number of the Lyceum course ..." 5009:. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. January 4, 1927. p. 2 4757:. Bridgeport, Connecticut. December 8, 1926. p. 9 4728:. Bridgeport, Connecticut. November 9, 1926. p. 6 4677:. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. October 6, 1926. p. 5 2538:. Batavia, NY. September 23, 1920. pp. 2, 6th col 2454:. Waterville NY. October 22, 1920. pp. 1, 1st col 2353:. Newport, Rhode Island. September 27, 1918. p. 3 2281:. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. August 5, 1918. p. 1 1551:. Vol. online. Facts On File, Inc. Archived from 517:

Strongheart worked for two film production companies:

8500:""Tommy" and "Shepherd of the Hills" / 1928 (quoting 8172:"Yakama museum curator sentenced for artifact thefts" 8154:"Yakama museum curator sentenced for artifact thefts" 8043:. University of Washington Press. pp. 191, 227. 7820:. Oregon Historical Society Press. pp. 147–148. 7463:. Newport, Rhode Island. September 6, 1918. p. 8 7103:. The Caxton Printers, Ltd. p. Acknowledgements. 6943:. Edwardsville, Illinois. October 12, 1936. p. 4 6844:. Los Angeles, California. June 17, 1934. p. 18. 6392:. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. September 20, 1929. p. 5 5818:. Reading, Pennsylvania. February 9, 1929. p. 12 5678:. Scranton, Pennsylvania. February 6, 1929. p. 5 5660:. Reading, Pennsylvania. February 6, 1929. p. 10 5508:"Indian leader is principal feature program Saturday" 5354:"Indian Chief will be feature coming Chautauqua here" 5294:. Newport, Rhode Island. December 31, 1927. p. 8 5106:"Indians are held in abject slavery says Strongheart" 4977:"Indian Chief seeks citizenship for American Indians" 4311:

Native Recognition: Indigenous Cinema and the Western

3935:. San Bernardino, California. May 2, 1924. p. 12 3664:

Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry (1922).

3593:. Ellensburg, Washington. October 17, 1922. p. 1 2335:. Newport, Rhode Island. September 6, 1918. p. 8 1843:"Nipo Strongheart exhibit shows pride for his people" 1597: 1244:"Nipo Strongheart exhibit shows pride for his people" 1147:

stereotypes about indigenous peoples of North America

482:, but did not find a partner in advocacy for change. 7272:. University of California Press. pp. 659–660. 7014: 6792:. Pasadena, California. October 17, 1963. p. 83 6708:. Eagle Rock, California. August 31, 1933. p. 1 6275:. Uniontown, Pennsylvania. August 3, 1929. p. 3 6249:. Uniontown, Pennsylvania. July 27, 1929. p. 15 5873:. Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. March 6, 1929. p. 6 5697:. Reading, Pennsylvania. February 9, 1929. p. 9 5275:. Tyrone, Pennsylvania. December 30, 1927. p. 6 5206: 5086:. East Liverpool, Ohio. February 14, 1927. p. 2 5035:. East Liverpool, Ohio. February 4, 1927. p. 11 3990:. Bakersfield, California. May 14, 1924. p. 8 4 3954:. San Bernardino, California. May 7, 1924. p. 3 3916:. San Bernardino, California. May 1, 1924. p. 4 3529:. Arkansas City, Kansas. October 17, 1922. p. 3 3397:. Creston, British Columbia. May 12, 1922. p. 1 2317:. New London Connecticut. August 20, 1918. p. 4 1694: 1692: 1690: 1307: 1305: 996:

nation was commissioned to paint a portrait of him.

8547: 7848:. Van Nuys, California. January 5, 1967. p. 45 6908: 6495:. Los Angeles, California. May 2, 1933. p. A5. 5335:"Chautauqua will be in Corsicana June 14th to 20th" 5112:. Beckley, West Virginia. April 10, 1927. p. 3 5061:. East Liverpool, Ohio. February 7, 1927. p. 2 4703:. East Liverpool, Ohio. November 4, 1926. p. 7 3349:. Leavenworth, Washington. July 22, 1921. p. 1 3343:"First Chautauqua number at the gym Sunday at 2:30" 3223:. Santa Cruz, California. April 30, 1921. p. 5 3064:"Indian chieftain seeks freedom in his own country" 3041:. Huntington, Indiana. February 27, 1921. p. 9 2996:. Huntington, Indiana. February 28, 1921. p. 7 2978:. Huntington, Indiana. February 27, 1921. p. 9 2124:"3000 Applicants are added to the Roosevelt Roster" 1977:

American Indians in World War I: At Home and at War

1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 959: – was inaugurated on the reservation. 8632:(video). Yakima Washington: NorthWest Indian news. 8036: 7946:(video). Yakima Washington: NorthWest Indian news. 7813: 7217:. Lincoln, Nebraska. September 7, 1947. p. 27 6876: 6780: 6778: 6763:. Oxnard, California. November 29, 1957. p. 3 6656:. Eagle Rock, California. April 6, 1933. p. 1 6499:"Sad, sad ending of her venture in Indian romance" 6374:. Milwaukee Wisconsin. August 18, 1929. p. 28 5634:. Lincoln, Nebraska. September 25, 1928. p. 6 5256:. TraditionalMountaineering.org. November 23, 1927 4904:"Life of American Indian described by Strongheart" 4636:. East Liverpool, Ohio. October 2, 1926. p. 5 4585:. Covina, California. February 12, 1926. p. 1 4533:. Covina, California. February 12, 1926. p. 3 4478:. Salt Lake City, Utah. August 31, 1952. p. 4 3548:. Coffeyville, Kansas. October 17, 1922. p. 1 3330:. Leavenworth, Washington. July 8, 1921. p. 3 3311:. Leavenworth, Washington. July 1, 1921. p. 1 3168:. Santa Cruz, California. April 4, 1921. p. 5 2044:. New York, New York. January 26, 1919. p. 35 1817:. Utica, NY. February 24, 1919. p. 6, 2nd col 1796:. Spokane Washington. February 10, 1919. p. 3 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 7842:"Memorial rites planned tonight for indian actor" 6961:. Spokane Washington. December 2, 1936. p. ? 6300:. East Liverpool, Ohio. August 6, 1929. p. 3 5975:. Uniontown, Pennsylvania. May 8, 1929. p. 3 4798:"Chief Strongheart to entertain at Lyceum Course" 4659:. Los Angeles, Calif. August 4, 1926. p. A5. 4269: 3838:. Santa Ana, California. July 6, 1923. p. 20 3645:. Decatur, Illinois. November 18, 1922. p. 2 1973: 1942:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 7, 25–29. 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1302: 889:in Indian cultures, he is reported to have said: 498:, which dealt with troubles among Indians in the 445:For World War I, Strongheart was employed by the 195:to Hollywood film producers, and lecturer on the 8639: 7790:. Spokane Washington. January 9, 1967. p. 1 7292: 6915:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 84–85. 6737:. Covina, California. August 3, 1945. p. 12 6480:. Huron, South Dakota. April 21, 1933. p. 6 6468: 6466: 6410:. Milwaukee Wisconsin. March 9, 1930. p. 14 6161:. East Liverpool, Ohio. July 9, 1929. p. 10 6039:"Official Program Portsmouth Redpath Chautauqua" 5608:. Indiana, Pennsylvania. July 3, 1928. p. 1 5411:"Chief Strongheart tells story early of Indians" 4807:. Amenia, N.Y. November 4, 1926. p. 1, left 4226:. Chehalis, Washington. July 11, 1924. p. 2 4148:"Chief Strong Heart at Indian Hannah Dedication" 4073:. Chehalis, Washington. July 18, 1924. p. 2 4035:. Woodland, California. June 11, 1924. p. 3 3788:. Bismarck, North Dakota. May 3, 1923. p. 6 3762:. Reading, Pennsylvania. May 2, 1923. p. 14 2952:. Wilmington, Ohio. February 18, 1921. p. 3 2933:. Wilmington, Ohio. February 15, 1921. p. 2 2914:. Wilmington, Ohio. February 12, 1921. p. 4 2685:. February 17, 1921. pp. 3, 7th col. bottom 2475:. September 16, 1920. pp. 5, 3rd col bottom 1999: 1997: 1874: 1667: 1653:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 61–69. 1171: 223:He soon left and had a successful career in the 8592: 8400:. Oxnard, California. April 21, 1921. p. 1 8371:. Huntington, Indiana. March 1, 1921. p. 3 8107:. Spokane Washington. March 4, 1980. p. 55 7991:. Spokane Washington. July 19, 1978. p. 32 7899:. Washington, D.C. January 6, 1967. p. C6. 7743:. Spokane Washington. March 4, 1980. p. 55 7434:. November 12, 1926. p. 5, col 1 below mid 7165:Walter E. Hurst; D. Richard Baer (March 1993). 6775: 6650:"Mix, Biscailuz, Jessup at Scout Ceremony Here" 6545:. Woodland, California. July 7, 1931. p. 8 6230:. Coshocton, Ohio. December 31, 1929. p. 6 6058:"Chief Nipo Strongheart of the Yakima ..." 6019:. Lincoln, Nebraska. March 14, 1929. p. 14 4840:"Chief Strongheart to be speaker at the dinner" 4559:. Woodland, California. May 25, 1925. p. 3 4337: 4251:. Billings, Montana. August 10, 1924. p. 2 4208:. Spokane Washington. June 12, 1924. p. 14 4003:"Chautauqua lining for fine program for season" 3688:. Madison, Wisconsin. March 13, 1923. p. 1 3324:"Chief Strongheart leaves films for Chautauqua" 3241:. Woodland, California. May 11, 1921. p. 1 3205:. Oxnard, California. April 21, 1921. p. 1 3186:. Oxnard, California. April 20, 1921. p. 1 3149:. Oxnard, California. March 31, 1921. p. 3 3143:"Chief Strongheart leaves films for Chautauqua" 3096:. Oxnard, California. March 31, 1921. p. 3 3090:"Chief Strongheart leaves films for Chautauqua" 3015:. Huntington, Indiana. March 1, 1921. p. 3 2895:. Wilmington, Ohio. February 9, 1921. p. 8 2764:"Inez (WILEY), STRONGHEART, SINGH. (1903–1967)" 2664:. December 3, 1920. pp. 8, 1st col. bottom 2433:. Chanute, Kansas. February 14, 1919. p. 4 2365:"Strongheart back again, receives warm welcome" 2088:. Logansport, Indiana. May 28, 1916. p. 11 1870: 1868: 1490: 108:, Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, U.S. 8263:. Yakima Washington. p. ?. Archived from 8232:. Yakima Washington. p. ?. Archived from 8089:. Spokane Washington. March 4, 1980. p. 7 8071:. Spokane Washington. July 19, 1978. p. 2 6872: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6821:. Pasadena, California. May 9, 1964. p. 4 6610:"The assembly room of the Civic Club ..." 4861:"Minstrel Show at St. Mary's Academy-Personal" 4372:. Portland, Oregon. January 9, 1920. p. 1 4333: 4331: 4067:""A real American" gives entertaining lecture" 4048:""A real American" gives entertaining lecture" 4029:""A real American" gives entertaining lecture" 3948:"Chief Strongheart will be Chautauqua feature" 3619:. Alton, Illinois. October 17, 1922. p. 7 3484:. Blairmore, Alberta. June 29, 1922. p. 4 3119:. St. Augustine's College 2013. Archived from 2236:. New York, New York. May 20, 1917. p. 55 1647:Linda Scarangella McNenly (October 29, 2012). 1423:. University of Washington Press. p. 76. 1345: 1241: 27:American Indian of several careers (1891–1966) 8257:"Indian filmmakers getting their stories out" 7809: 7807: 7805: 7612:"Baha'i Conference on Papago Land in Arizona" 7561:Baháʼí World; A Biennial International Record 6998:Helen Addison Howard; Dan L. Mcgrath (1941). 6883:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 28, 153–154. 6725: 6723: 6463: 6436:. Champion, Alberta. July 24, 1930. p. 7 6063:. Portsmouth, Ohio. June 17, 1929. p. 15 6045:. Portsmouth, Ohio. June 10, 1929. p. 11 5950:. Joplin, Missouri. March 19, 1929. p. 3 5944:"Chief Strongheart to give a lecture tonight" 5924:. Lincoln, Nebraska. March 9, 1929. p. 3 5417:. Corsicana, Texas. June 12, 1928. p. 16 5288:"Ancient Indian batter told in hieroglyphics" 5138:. Portsmouth, Ohio. April 30, 1927. p. 5 4307: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 3736:. Olean, New York. April 25, 1923. p. 26 3503:. Gleichen, Alberta. July 19, 1922. p. 1 3465:. Red Deer, Alberta. June 21, 1922. p. 7 3446:. Blairmore, Alberta. June 1, 1922. p. 4 2643:. November 24, 1920. pp. 3, 4th col. mid 2452:The Waterville Times and Oriskjany Falls News 1994: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1908:Carlisle Indian Industrial School (1879–1918) 1140: 905:Strongheart's first known encounter with the 313:. This was in keeping with Yakama tradition. 8551:Sam Houston's Indians: The Alabama-Coushatti 8205:. ART-LAW CENTRE – UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA: 1–4 7451: 7449: 7425:"Indian Chief to visit local lodge Saturday" 7299:. Da Capo Press, Incorporated. p. 419. 7075:. Gloversville and Johnstown NY. p. 31a 6179:. Zanesville, Ohio. July 18, 1929. p. 4 6120:. Iowa Digital Library. 1929. Archived from 6101:. Portsmouth, Ohio. June 24, 1929. p. 5 6082:. Wilmington, Ohio. June 21, 1929. p. 8 5710:"Woman's club favors almshouse improvements" 5514:. Corsicana, Texas. June 18, 1928. p. 3 5496:. Corsicana, Texas. June 15, 1928. p. 3 5443:. Corsicana, Texas. June 13, 1928. p. 7 5379:. Corsicana, Texas. June 8, 1928. p. 16 5360:. Corsicana, Texas. May 28, 1928. p. 14 4951:"Students at Bessemer enjoy many activities" 4723:"The first of a series of concerts ..." 4611:. Sedalia, Missouri. July 2, 1926. p. 5 4466: 4464: 4009:. Ukiah, California. May 30, 1924. p. 4 3972:. Ukiah, California. May 14, 1924. p. 6 3813:. Freeport, Illinois. May 4, 1923. p. 4 3070:. Zanesville, Ohio. July 19, 1929. p. 2 2082:"Stage Indian Massacre for Centennial Films" 1877:"Yakama Nation leader Leonard Tomaskin dies" 1865: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1091:. A story about her effort was published in 687:Indian arts exhibition at an arts festival. 7922:"Painting of First Indian Actor Unveiled". 7761:The most recent mention of the cemetery is 7327:. The Hollywood Reporter. 1952. p. 495 6904: 6902: 6900: 6863: 6594:"Library plans book and Indian art talks". 6491:"Stronheart's ex-wife seeks deed to home". 6143:. Zanesville, Ohio. July 9, 1929. p. 9 6118:Circuit Chautauqua in the Twentieth Century 5835: 5833: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5398:. Corsicana, Texas. June 9, 1928. p. 4 5341:. Corsicana, Texas. May 10, 1928. p. 4 5269:"Ancient Indian batter told in hieroglyphs" 5188:. Portsmouth, Ohio. May 4, 1927. p. 12 4328: 4246:"Nipo Strongheart's great lecture ..." 3613:"Society of American Indians holds meeting" 1640: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1417:Louis Fiset; Gail M Nomura (July 1, 2005). 1388: 1269:Alexander Ewen and Jeffrey Wollock (2014). 1225:, another cultural performer, and a Baháʼí. 8388: 8386: 7802: 7781:other older ones noting other cemetery is 7399:"Strongheart will give talk to Methodists" 7235: 6809: 6807: 6720: 6564:"Indian's badge plea brings voting quiz". 6404:"Jewish Council to hear talk by Chieftain" 6362: 6360: 6313:"Looking Back by Mary Allen; "40 yrs ago"" 5478:. Cameron, Texas. June 14, 1928. p. 4 5461:. Cameron, Texas. June 14, 1928. p. 1 5176: 5174: 5172: 5157:. Portsmouth, Ohio. May 3, 1927. p. 8 4290: 4129:"Strongheart will give talk to Methodists" 3574:. Ogden, Utah. October 17, 1922. p. 6 3058: 3056: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 1956: 1921: 1836: 1834: 1832: 742:(Indian history and ethnology) and in the 554:after a play written by DeMille's brother 53: 7895:"Chief Strongheart; Appeared in Movies". 7446: 7093: 5207:Luther Standing Bear (November 1, 2006). 4745: 4743: 4631:"The high school has contracted ..." 4553:"Letter sent to Yakimas from Strongheart" 4461: 4054:. Bryan, Texas. June 25, 1924. p. 10 3497:"People who will take part in Chautauqua" 2762:KERNS, Donna (WATTS) (October 16, 2006). 2496:. September 17, 1920. pp. 4, 2nd col 2383:"Soldiers hear Strongheart at Fort Stark" 1840: 1780: 1778: 1025: 975:and was buried with a Yakima ceremony at 392:Strongheart said that in 1915 he advised 8688:20th-century American military personnel 8568:Alexander Ewen; Jeffrey Wollock (2014). 8119: 7956: 7935: 7933: 7817:Coming to Stay: A Columbia River Journey 7348:"RIP, Ricardo – The memorable Montalban" 7115:"News of the Studios – Nipo Strongheart" 7021:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 29, 86. 6897: 6505:. Ogden, Utah. June 11, 1933. p. 23 6319:. Bryon Ohio. August 20, 1969. p. 3 6261: 6005: 5859: 5830: 5583:. Vernon, Texas. July 9, 1928. p. 4 5564:. Vernon, Texas. July 9, 1928. p. 4 5545:. Vernon, Texas. July 9, 1928. p. 1 5526: 5081:"Chief Strongheart delivered a ..." 4655:"Brave tells Indian Lore for children". 4458:This report contains a number of errors. 4276:. Oxford University Press. p. 171. 4273:The Oxford Companion to American Theatre 3890:. Bryan, Texas. April 9, 1924. p. 2 2908:"Life of the Indians described by Chief" 2817:. Oxford University Press. p. 677. 2787: 2785: 2559:. Rome NY. September 23, 1920. p. 6 1543:Alexander Ewen; Jeffrey Wollock (2014). 1437: 485: 428: 378:during the period of the United States' 8435: 8383: 8287:"Strongheart's experiences interesting" 8254: 8223: 7493: 7405:. Ogden, Utah. June 22, 1924. p. 8 7134: 7063: 6815:"Indian Chief to speak on Tribal Rites" 6804: 6524:"Indian Chief will be church speaker". 6357: 6269:"Indian Chief on program at Chautauqua" 5804: 5169: 5151:"Strongheart will address club tonight" 4135:. Ogden, Utah. June 22, 1924. p. 8 4116:. Ogden, Utah. June 21, 1924. p. 8 4098:. Ogden, Utah. June 16, 1924. p. 4 3305:"Chautauqua program will be a good one" 3283:"Chautauqua program will be a good one" 3053: 2991:"Chief Strongheart to lecture at H. S." 2757: 2755: 2753: 2726: 2293:"Strongheart's experiences interesting" 2203:"Strongheart's experiences interesting" 2151: 2023: 1829: 1754:"Chief Strongheart is Indians' Bolivar" 935:He was speaking, as a new Baháʼí, of a 14: 8640: 8394:"Strongheart makes strong racial plea" 8365:"Big audience hears Chief Strongheart" 8125: 8009: 7573: 7571: 7236:MacPherson, Virginia (April 6, 1949). 7171:. Hollywood Film Archive. p. 38. 7146:. San Francisco, California. p. 8 6877:Michelle H. Raheja (January 1, 2011). 5993:. Beaver, PA. June 17, 1929. p. 4 5313: 4740: 4182:. Ogden, Utah. July 1, 1924. p. 8 3199:"Strongheart makes strong racial plea" 3009:"Big audience hears Chief Strongheart" 2837: 2806: 1775: 1698: 1608:"Strongheart's Treasures in YN Museum" 1581:. Yakama Nation Museum. Archived from 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 718:Development of work in Hollywood films 631: 59:Nipo T. Strongheart as he appeared in 8693:People from Yakima County, Washington 7930: 7878:"Actor wills money for Indian museum" 7860:"News shorts; (2nd) Los Angeles (AP)" 7784:"Strongheart to be buried by Yakimas" 7194:"Nipo Strongheart and John War Eagle" 7064:Johnson, Erskine (October 12, 1936). 5558:"Strongheart – continued from page 1" 5539:"Strongheart pleads for Indians here" 4819:"Indian Chief will speak at Herkimer" 4111:"The program this afternoon ..." 3236:"Tomorrow's bill is notable ..." 3114: 2782: 2761: 2529:"Art of Camouflage old to the Indian" 1875:Associated Press (October 11, 1996). 1567: 1190:National Congress of American Indians 1095:, quoting a letter from Strongheart: 694:associated with a community event in 609:area in honor of Oglala Lakota Chief 275:National Congress of American Indians 150:for films with Native American themes 8678:Activists for Native American rights 7959:"Yakimas O.K. cultural center plans" 7897:The Washington Post and Times-Herald 7762: 7501:"Chief Strongheart speaks in Chapel" 7379:. July 9, 1950. p. 15B, 6th col 7370:"Indian will give his lore to Gable" 7346:Wood, James S. (February 24, 2012). 7345: 7191: 6540:"L. V. McWhorter of Yakima ..." 6295:"The program for Wednesday ..." 5919:"Chief Strongheart appears ..." 5456:"Zoom! Zoom! What's coming ..." 5213:. U of Nebraska Press. p. 269. 4338:John E. Conklin (October 15, 2008). 2807:Hannum, Dustin E. (March 14, 2013). 2750: 2174: 1277:. Facts On File, Inc. Archived from 673:Daughters of the American Revolution 8418: 8160:. Yakima, Washington. June 13, 2008 8101:"June 19 opening for Indian center" 7737:"June 19 opening for Indian center" 7568: 7325:Production Encyclopedia (1947–1951) 7293:Jane Ellen Wayne (March 27, 2006). 6757:"Indian will speak on WKFL program" 5490:"Chautauqua High School Auditorium" 5132:"Chief Strongheart will speak here" 4870:. Troy, New York. November 30, 1926 4777:"Fellowcraft Club makes Fall plans" 4177:"At our recent Chautauqua ..." 3568:"Indians desire rights of citizens" 2890:"Indian Chief Strongheart ..." 2038:"How Indian Chief helped Uncle Sam" 1841:Prengaman, Kate (August 10, 2014). 1519: 1105:Stratford High School (Connecticut) 962: 807:to be portrayed by non-Indians and 785:actors representing the nations of 24: 8561: 8224:Nowacki, Kim (November 10, 2006). 8134:. Ellensburg Washington. p. 5 8018:. Ellensburg Washington. p. 4 6579:"Artcraft by Indians on display". 6243:"Building your Chautauqua program" 5392:"Strongheart Yakima Chief Premier" 4472:"Film Actor works with Ty Jr, now" 4308:Joanna Hearne (January 25, 2013). 3410:"Chautauqua has finished lectures" 3162:"What Chautauqua brings this year" 2641:St. Johnsville Enterprise and News 2253:Archives & Special Collections 2175:Tate, Cassandra (March 26, 2001). 1901: 1242:Kate Prengaman (August 10, 2014). 1033:Native American self-determination 927:, Strongheart said he was making: 435:Roosevelt's World War I volunteers 279:stereotypes about Native Americans 25: 8719: 8658:20th-century American male actors 8614: 8255:Nowacki, Kim (November 9, 2007). 8126:Arthur, Allison (June 10, 1982). 8010:Prater, Yvonne (April 12, 1979). 7957:Coker Jr, Edward (May 23, 1976). 6786:"Baha'i Leader to speak tomorrow" 5003:"Indian to speak at Arendtsville" 4270:Thomas S. Hischak (May 6, 2004). 4157:. Hagley Museum and Library. 1924 4155:P. S. du Pont/Longwood Collection 4093:"Here are a few of them ..." 3587:"Indians discuss enfranchisement" 1936:Angela Aleiss (January 1, 2005). 1786:"Indian chief was start [ 1699:Fisher, Andrew H. (Winter 2013). 1391:The Wisconsin Magazine of History 1212:Baháʼí Faith and Native Americans 856: 834:Captain John Smith and Pocahontas 358:Carlisle Indian Industrial School 346:Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 8673:Male Western (genre) film actors 8522: 8492: 8464: 8412: 8357: 8331: 8313:"Citizenship for Indians sought" 8305: 8279: 8248: 8217: 8190: 8146: 8057: 8030: 8003: 7977: 7950: 7915: 7903: 7834: 7763:Yang, Mengni (January 8, 2012). 7755: 7729: 7700: 7674: 7637: 7604: 7548: 7519: 7417: 7391: 7339: 7313: 7286: 7266:American Film Institute (1999). 7259: 7229: 7185: 7158: 7107: 7087: 7057: 7035: 7008: 6991: 6929: 6848: 6840:"Art Festival to be elaborate". 6833: 6749: 6694: 6676:"Little Theater to give 3 plays" 6668: 6642: 6627: 6602: 6587: 6572: 6557: 6532: 6517: 6448: 6422: 6331: 6287: 6217: 6191: 6031: 5962: 5936: 5911: 5885: 5646: 5620: 5595: 5429: 5327: 5312:For more on the hieroglyphs see 5306: 5242: 4314:. SUNY Press. pp. 78, 107. 4221:"Chautauqua performers ..." 3440:"Chautauqua – June 19th to 24th" 3391:"1922 Chautauqua programs excel" 2311:"Strongheart to give talks here" 2152:Coffman, Frank (April 9, 2014). 2005:"Citizenship for Indians sought" 421:In 1916, Strongheart joined the 418:which was released in mid-1916. 8626:Ronnie Washines (August 2007). 8478:. Scarecrow Press. p. 11. 8176:(AP) carried by MyNorthwest.com 8083:"Indians build Cultural Center" 8012:"Yakima Nation's center toured" 7965:. Spokane Washington. p. 9 7940:Ronnie Washines (August 2007). 7135:Maxwell, Elsa (July 20, 1946). 7004:. University of Nebraska Press. 6937:"In Hollywood by Paul Harrison" 6702:"Crowd of 5,000 at Kids Circus" 6474:"Insull named in divorce trial" 6137:"Zanesville Redpath Chautauqua" 5893:"Chautauqua has same officials" 5729:"Schools to have Lyceum course" 5227: 5200: 5124: 5098: 5073: 5047: 5021: 4995: 4969: 4925: 4769: 4715: 4689: 4663: 4648: 4623: 4597: 4571: 4545: 4519: 4490: 4433: 4418: 4401: 4384: 4358: 4344:. McFarland. pp. 119–120. 4263: 4238: 4194: 4169: 4085: 4021: 3967:"Chautauqua this year ..." 3902: 3876: 3850: 3825: 3800: 3774: 3748: 3700: 3674: 3657: 3631: 3605: 3560: 3515: 3432: 3383: 3253: 3135: 3108: 3082: 3027: 2964: 2882: 2856: 2831: 2800: 2697: 2419: 2267: 2221: 2195: 2168: 2145: 2116: 2100: 2074: 2056: 1980:. UNM Press. pp. 63, 118. 1895: 1746: 1246:. Yakima Herald. Archived from 969:Motion Picture Country Hospital 943:on the 20th anniversary of the 651:In October 1930, he joined the 301:According to an article in the 106:Motion Picture Country Hospital 8178:. June 6, 2008. p. online 7527:"Tells story of Indian's life" 6941:The Edwardsville Intelligencer 6390:The Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle 6368:"Jewish Council lists program" 6199:"Lyceum course dates arranged" 6076:"Complete plan for Chautauqua" 5473:"In the histories of ..." 5055:"Irondate to see noted Indian" 4579:"Free seats to Covina Theater" 4498:""Braveheart" at the American" 4202:"Indian is Chautauqua speaker" 2840:Dictionary of American History 1717:10.5403/oregonhistq.114.4.0441 1409: 1293: 1262: 1235: 237:Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 164:Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 13: 1: 8158:News from Indian Country (AP) 8128:"Yakima Indian museum opened" 7505:Daily Trojan, Vol. 17, No. 47 7015:Helen Addison Howard (1971). 6979:. December 7, 1936. p. ? 6731:"Theosophical News and Notes" 4507:. Troy, NY. February 20, 1926 4445:Daily Trojan, Vol. 17, No. 46 3952:The San Bernardino County Sun 3933:The San Bernardino County Sun 3914:The San Bernardino County Sun 3833:"In England a labor ..." 3546:The Coffeyville Daily Journal 3261:"Chautauqua at Coeur D'Alene" 2427:"Indians invented camouflage" 1229: 1172:Advocacy through associations 1151:racism in early American film 710:in his "acknowledgments" in " 558: 318:Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show 209:Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show 8593:Lori Lynn Muntz (May 2006). 8548:Prairie View Malone (1960). 8470:for related information see 6909:Joan Weibel-Orlando (1999). 6634:"Patriotic Societies meet". 6174:"Chief Strongheart ..." 6156:"Aug 7 – Afternoon ..." 3682:"Indian here to plead cause" 3527:Arkansas City Daily Traveler 3218:"Chief Strongheart ..." 3181:"Chief Strongheart ..." 2768:Singh Family Genealogy Forum 2064:"The Heart of Wetona (1919)" 1491:Lori Lynn Muntz (May 2006). 797:. Also in 1951 he worked on 593:at the request of the city. 288: 7: 8065:"Yakimas gain new facility" 8037:Mary Dodds Schlick (1994). 7985:"Yakimas gain new facility" 7912:Obituaries January 11, 1967 7814:Mary Dodds Schlick (2006). 7403:The Ogden Standard-Examiner 7247:. Binghamton NY. p. 45 7066:"Hollywood News and Gossip" 6855:"Pet Parade Opens Powwow". 6503:The Ogden Standard-Examiner 5029:"Noted Indian to give talk" 4180:The Ogden Standard-Examiner 4133:The Ogden Standard-Examiner 4114:The Ogden Standard-Examiner 4096:The Ogden Standard-Examiner 3988:The Bakersfield Californian 3572:The Ogden Standard-Examiner 2655:"Nothing new under the sun" 2068:The Normal Talmadge Website 1705:Oregon Historical Quarterly 1200: 1020: 953:Plains Indian Sign Language 864: 617:reviews, one of which said: 519:Famous Players Film Company 423:Society of American Indians 10: 8724: 8621:Nipo Strongheart portraits 7534:Amsterdam Evening Recorder 7095:McWhorter, Lucullus Virgil 6430:"Indians holding congress" 6203:The North Adams Transcript 6114:"Strongheart: an American" 5897:The North Adams Transcript 5577:"Give the Indian a chance" 4889:The Kingston Daily Freeman 4847:Amsterdam Evening Recorder 4671:"Local and Foreign Talent" 3523:"Society American Indians" 2792:"Royal romance on rocks". 2249:"Nipo Strongheart, c.1915" 1974:Thomas A. Britten (1997). 1934:For more on the movie see 1881:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 1141:Advocacy through Hollywood 973:Woodland Hills, California 941:United Nations Association 642:Classical Hollywood cinema 146:performance-lectures, and 8668:American male film actors 7686:Port Angeles Evening News 7168:Film Superlist: 1940–1949 7100:Yellow Wolf His Own Story 4751:"Indian Chief is speaker" 3811:Freeport Journal-Standard 3808:"Sense of humor ..." 2770:. The Generations Network 2676:"Old story to the Indian" 2634:"Old story to the Indian" 2613:"Old story to the Indian" 2592:"Old story to the Indian" 2571:"Old story to the Indian" 2550:"Old story to the Indian" 2508:"Old story to the Indian" 2487:"Old story to the Indian" 2466:"Old story to the Indian" 2445:"Old story to the Indian" 2431:The Chanute Daily Tribune 2086:Logansport Pharos-Tribune 1904:"Tribal Enrollment Tally" 1761:The Philadelphia Inquirer 1055:Mountain Meadows Massacre 550:. Initially it was named 496:Lucullus Virgil McWhorter 218:Yakama Indian Reservation 154: 137:Native American activism, 133: 125: 113: 94: 68: 52: 41: 34: 8419:Andrews, Sallie Cotter. 7864:Lewiston Evening Journal 5603:"There will be ..." 5314:Brogan, Phil F. (1969). 4370:The Oregon Daily Journal 3643:The Decatur Daily Review 2109:The Moving Picture World 1063:found in the Black Hills 937:Native American religion 779:Across the Wide Missouri 702:in a major biography of 638:Greater Los Angeles Area 476:Bureau of Indian Affairs 8132:Ellensburg Daily Record 8087:Spokane Daily Chronicle 8069:Spokane Daily Chronicle 8016:Ellensburg Daily Record 7989:Spokane Daily Chronicle 7682:"Works for Bahai faith" 7377:Buffalo Courier-Express 6543:Woodland Daily Democrat 6080:Wilmington News-Journal 6017:Lincoln Evening Journal 5987:"Chautauqua Beaver, PA" 5922:Lincoln Evening Journal 5676:The Scranton Republican 5632:Lincoln Evening Journal 5581:The Vernon Daily Record 5562:The Vernon Daily Record 5543:The Vernon Daily Record 4755:The Bridgeport Telegram 4726:The Bridgeport Telegram 4557:Woodland Daily Democrat 4224:The Chehalis Bee-Nugget 4071:The Chehalis Bee-Nugget 4033:Woodland Daily Democrat 4007:Ukiah Dispatch Democrat 3985:"Six Lectures ..." 3708:"Strongheart sees city" 3617:Alton Evening Telegraph 3591:Ellensburg Daily Record 3239:Woodland Daily Democrat 3221:Santa Cruz Evening News 3166:Santa Cruz Evening News 2950:Wilmington News-Journal 2931:Wilmington News-Journal 2912:Wilmington News-Journal 2893:Wilmington News-Journal 1313:"Strongheart's Lineage" 8502:Waxahachie Daily Light 8423:. wyandotte-nation.org 8261:Yakima Herald-Republic 8230:Yakima Herald-Republic 7715:National Baháʼí Review 7296:The Leading Men of MGM 6434:The Champion Chronicle 6408:The Milwaukee Sentinel 6387:"on March 11 ..." 6099:Portsmouth Daily Times 6061:Portsmouth Daily Times 6043:Portsmouth Daily Times 5186:Portsmouth Daily Times 5155:Portsmouth Daily Times 5136:Portsmouth Daily Times 4605:"The Stage and Screen" 3970:Ukiah Republican Press 3542:"Indians hold meeting" 2329:"A tradition of peace" 1847:Yakima Herald-Republic 1207:Indian Citizenship Act 1138: 1113: 1101: 1078: 1026:Advocacy through talks 933: 896: 681:Eagle Rock, California 625: 540:Indian Citizenship Act 387:16th Infantry Regiment 380:Border War (1910–1919) 87:White Swan, Washington 8369:The Huntington Herald 8291:The Portsmouth Herald 8267:on September 21, 2014 8236:on September 21, 2014 6706:Eagle Rock Advertiser 6680:Eagle Rock Advertiser 6654:Eagle Rock Advertiser 6372:The Milwaukee Journal 6228:The Coshocton Tribune 5845:The Wellsboro Gazette 5786:"Interesting lecture" 5767:"Indian Chief speaks" 5752:The Wellsboro Gazette 3459:"Red Deer Chautauqua" 3268:The Colville Examiner 3115:Kiehn, David (2013). 3013:The Huntington Herald 2994:The Huntington Herald 2712:The Rhinebeck Gazette 2578:The Mahoning Dispatch 2405:The Portsmouth Herald 2387:The Portsmouth Herald 2369:The Portsmouth Herald 2297:The Portsmouth Herald 2279:The Portsmouth Herald 2275:"Strongheart in town" 2230:"(photo and caption)" 2207:The Portsmouth Herald 1815:Utica Herald-Dispatch 1125: 1109: 1097: 1074: 929: 891: 844:Take the High Ground! 827:, he worked with the 677:Hollywood Studio Club 675:(DAR) meeting at the 620: 490:Strongheart had read 486:Lyceum and Chautauqua 429:YMCA War Work Council 416:The Birth of Indiana, 260:) and the developing 119:Toppenish, Washington 8683:American male actors 8510:on September 3, 2014 8450:The Washington Times 8105:The Spokesman-Review 7963:The Spokesman-Review 7788:The Spokesman-Review 7771:. Columbia, Missouri 7741:The Spokesman-Review 7579:"Great Council Fire" 7475:"The Old Stone Mill" 7321:"Young Daniel Boone" 7018:Saga of Chief Joseph 6819:Pasadena Independent 6790:Pasadena Independent 6124:on September 3, 2014 6111:which is similar to 5771:Harrisburg Telegraph 5110:The Raleigh Register 5007:The Gettysburg Times 4675:The Gettysburg Times 4609:The Sedalia Democrat 4249:The Billings Gazette 4206:The Spokesman-Review 3884:"Tonight Chautauqua" 3786:The Bismarck Tribune 3482:Blairmore Enterprise 3444:Blairmore Enterprise 3369:The Leavenworth Echo 3347:The Leavenworth Echo 3328:The Leavenworth Echo 3309:The Leavenworth Echo 3290:The Leavenworth Echo 3123:on February 11, 2015 3039:The Huntington Press 2976:The Huntington Press 2927:"Strongheart speaks" 2494:The Canaseraga Times 2156:. WAR HISTORY ONLINE 2070:. December 23, 2008. 1853:on November 29, 2014 1808:"Indians in the war" 1250:on November 29, 2014 1093:The Washington Times 911:Luther Standing Bear 877:temples, as well as 817:involves a group of 773:, liaising with the 665:1932 Summer Olympics 611:Luther Standing Bear 586:Woodland, California 472:Melville Clyde Kelly 376:5th Cavalry Regiment 8570:"Strongheart, Nipo" 7882:The Tuscaloosa News 7769:Columbia Missourian 7432:Schenectady Gazette 6478:The Daily Plainsman 5606:The Indiana Gazette 5512:Corsicana Daily Sun 5494:Corsicana Daily Sun 5441:Corsicana Daily Sun 5415:Corsicana Daily Sun 5396:Corsicana Daily Sun 5377:Corsicana Daily Sun 5358:Corsicana Daily Sun 5339:Corsicana Daily Sun 5273:Tyrone Daily Herald 5210:My People the Sioux 4805:Harlem Valley Times 4784:Schenectady Gazette 4425:Strongheart the Dog 3858:"Lyceum Attraction" 3420:on October 24, 2014 2683:The Lake Shore News 2599:Essex County Herald 2347:"War work inactive" 2255:. Dickinson College 1545:"Strongheart, Nipo" 1397:(1): 10–16, 41–46. 1059:Custer's last stand 749:Oregon Trail Scouts 653:Izaak Walton League 632:Time in Los Angeles 404:Logansport, Indiana 309:boarding school at 295:George Mitchell Jr. 189:Nipo T. Strongheart 117:Smohalla Cemetery, 73:George Mitchell Jr. 18:Nipo T. Strongheart 8580:on August 24, 2014 8536:on January 3, 2018 8421:"Jane Zane Gordon" 8343:Fitchburg Sentinel 8317:Fitchburg Sentinel 7479:Newport Daily News 7358:on August 25, 2014 7073:The Morning Herald 6298:The Evening Review 6273:The Morning Herald 6247:The Morning Herald 6177:The Times Recorder 6159:The Evening Review 6141:The Times Recorder 5973:The Morning Herald 5867:"High school news" 5476:The Cameron Herald 5459:The Cameron Herald 5437:"Third Day; Night" 5084:The Evening Review 5059:The Evening Review 5033:The Evening Review 4701:The Evening Review 4634:The Evening Review 4392:Strongheart (1914) 3836:Santa Ana Register 3730:"Wisdom and humor" 3715:The New York Times 3068:The Times Recorder 2620:The Evening Herald 2473:The Auburn Citizen 2234:The New York Times 2042:The New York Times 2009:Fitchburg Sentinel 1628:on August 21, 2014 1555:on August 24, 2014 1333:on August 21, 2014 1281:on August 24, 2014 1271:"Nipo Strongheart" 957:Spiritual Assembly 925:unity of religions 919:Dhikru'llah Khadem 873:church venues and 800:Westward the Women 761:Young Daniel Boone 556:William C. deMille 440:Sixteenth Infantry 364:production of the 362:Lubin film company 61:The New York Times 8606:978-0-542-79588-6 8554:. Naylor Company. 8485:978-0-8108-6648-5 8203:Platform ArThemis 8050:978-0-295-97289-3 7924:Los Angeles Times 7827:978-0-295-98670-8 7306:978-0-7867-1768-2 7279:978-0-520-21521-4 7192:Anderson, Chuck. 7178:978-0-913616-27-7 6922:978-0-252-06800-3 6890:978-0-8032-6827-2 6857:Los Angeles Times 6842:Los Angeles Times 6636:Los Angeles Times 6596:Los Angeles Times 6581:Los Angeles Times 6566:Los Angeles Times 6526:Los Angeles Times 6493:Los Angeles Times 6457:Los Angeles Times 5654:"Indian to speak" 5236:Los Angeles Times 4826:Utica Daily Press 4657:Los Angeles Times 4409:Braveheart (1925) 4351:978-0-7864-5235-4 4321:978-1-4384-4399-7 4283:978-0-19-516986-7 3862:The News Reporter 3686:The Capital Times 2824:978-0-19-976435-8 2809:"Lyceum Movement" 2794:Los Angeles Times 2744:Los Angeles Times 2705:"Clinton Corners" 2662:The Duluth Herald 1987:978-0-8263-2090-2 1949:978-0-275-98396-3 1902:Landis, Barbara. 1794:Spokane Chronicle 1660:978-0-8061-8808-9 1504:978-0-542-79588-6 1430:978-0-295-80009-7 1155:Sherman Institute 1121:Livingston, Texas 1083:In January 1922, 1044:he addressed the 977:Smohalla Cemetery 947:, performing the 915:Hand of the Cause 803:, which required 770:The Painted Hills 744:R. 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Springsteen 500:Pacific Northwest 193:technical advisor 186: 185: 148:technical advisor 98:December 31, 1966 16:(Redirected from 8715: 8663:American Bahá'ís 8633: 8629:Nipo Strongheart 8610: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8556: 8555: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8496: 8490: 8489: 8468: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8447: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8416: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8405: 8390: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8335: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8309: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8252: 8246: 8245: 8243: 8241: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8194: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8150: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8139: 8123: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8061: 8055: 8054: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7981: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7954: 7948: 7947: 7943:Nipo Strongheart 7937: 7928: 7927: 7919: 7913: 7907: 7901: 7900: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7857: 7855: 7853: 7838: 7832: 7831: 7811: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7759: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7733: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7712: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7641: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7608: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7575: 7566: 7565: 7552: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7531: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7453: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7429: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7395: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7374: 7367: 7365: 7363: 7354:. 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3712: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3667:Chicago Commerce 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3366: 3362:"The Chautauqua" 3358: 3356: 3354: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3287: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3265: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3060: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2946:"Adams Township" 2942: 2940: 2938: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2868:The Record-Argus 2860: 2854: 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DeMille 412:Historic Indiana 157: 101: 82: 80: 57: 47: 36:Nipo Strongheart 32: 31: 21: 8723: 8722: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8713: 8712: 8638: 8637: 8625: 8617: 8607: 8583: 8581: 8564: 8562:Further reading 8559: 8539: 8537: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8513: 8511: 8504:June 21, 1928)" 8498: 8497: 8493: 8486: 8469: 8465: 8455: 8453: 8445: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8426: 8424: 8417: 8413: 8403: 8401: 8392: 8391: 8384: 8374: 8372: 8363: 8362: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8337: 8336: 8332: 8322: 8320: 8311: 8310: 8306: 8296: 8294: 8285: 8284: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8253: 8249: 8239: 8237: 8222: 8218: 8208: 8206: 8195: 8191: 8181: 8179: 8170: 8163: 8161: 8152: 8151: 8147: 8137: 8135: 8124: 8120: 8110: 8108: 8099: 8092: 8090: 8081: 8074: 8072: 8063: 8062: 8058: 8051: 8035: 8031: 8021: 8019: 8008: 8004: 7994: 7992: 7983: 7982: 7978: 7968: 7966: 7955: 7951: 7939: 7938: 7931: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7908: 7904: 7894: 7887: 7885: 7876: 7869: 7867: 7858: 7851: 7849: 7840: 7839: 7835: 7828: 7812: 7803: 7793: 7791: 7782: 7774: 7772: 7760: 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McGrath 633: 630: 531:Native regalia 487: 484: 478:commissioner, 430: 427: 290: 287: 184: 183: 181: 180: 173: 166: 160: 158: 152: 151: 135: 134:Known for 131: 130: 127: 123: 122: 115: 111: 110: 104: 102:(aged 75) 96: 92: 91: 85: 72: 70: 66: 65: 58: 50: 49: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8720: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8631: 8630: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8609:. UMI3225654. 8608: 8602: 8598: 8597: 8591: 8579: 8575: 8571: 8566: 8565: 8553: 8552: 8535: 8531: 8525: 8509: 8505: 8503: 8495: 8487: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8467: 8451: 8444: 8438: 8422: 8415: 8399: 8398:Press-Courier 8395: 8389: 8387: 8370: 8366: 8360: 8344: 8340: 8334: 8318: 8314: 8308: 8292: 8288: 8282: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8251: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8220: 8204: 8200: 8193: 8177: 8173: 8159: 8155: 8149: 8133: 8129: 8122: 8106: 8102: 8088: 8084: 8070: 8066: 8060: 8052: 8046: 8042: 8041: 8033: 8017: 8013: 8006: 7990: 7986: 7980: 7964: 7960: 7953: 7945: 7944: 7936: 7934: 7925: 7918: 7911: 7906: 7898: 7883: 7879: 7865: 7861: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7829: 7823: 7819: 7818: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7789: 7785: 7770: 7766: 7758: 7742: 7738: 7732: 7716: 7709: 7703: 7687: 7683: 7677: 7666:September 22, 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7640: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7607: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7574: 7572: 7563: 7562: 7557: 7551: 7535: 7528: 7522: 7506: 7502: 7496: 7480: 7476: 7462: 7458: 7452: 7450: 7433: 7426: 7420: 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6363: 6361: 6344: 6343:Reading Eagle 6340: 6334: 6318: 6314: 6299: 6296: 6290: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6248: 6244: 6229: 6226: 6220: 6204: 6200: 6194: 6178: 6175: 6160: 6157: 6142: 6138: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6100: 6096: 6081: 6077: 6062: 6059: 6044: 6040: 6034: 6018: 6014: 6008: 5992: 5988: 5974: 5971: 5965: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5923: 5920: 5914: 5898: 5894: 5888: 5872: 5868: 5862: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5834: 5817: 5816:Reading Times 5813: 5807: 5791: 5787: 5772: 5768: 5753: 5749: 5734: 5733:Reading Times 5730: 5715: 5714:Reading Times 5711: 5696: 5695:Reading Times 5692: 5677: 5674: 5659: 5658:Reading Times 5655: 5649: 5633: 5629: 5623: 5607: 5604: 5598: 5582: 5578: 5563: 5559: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5513: 5509: 5495: 5491: 5477: 5474: 5460: 5457: 5442: 5438: 5432: 5416: 5412: 5397: 5393: 5378: 5374: 5359: 5355: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5319: 5318: 5309: 5293: 5289: 5274: 5270: 5255: 5251: 5245: 5237: 5230: 5222: 5220:0-8032-9361-5 5216: 5212: 5211: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5156: 5152: 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History Ink 2182: 2178: 2171: 2155: 2148: 2132: 2125: 2119: 2111: 2110: 2103: 2087: 2083: 2077: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2043: 2039: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1998: 1989: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1951: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1909: 1905: 1898: 1883:. pp. C7 1882: 1878: 1871: 1869: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1816: 1809: 1795: 1791: 1789: 1781: 1779: 1762: 1755: 1749: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1662: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1643: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1609: 1603: 1601: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1506: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1432: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1412: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1314: 1308: 1306: 1296: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1265: 1249: 1245: 1238: 1234: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1108: 1106: 1100: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1050: 1047: 1046:Newport Tower 1042: 1041:Liberty Loans 1036: 1034: 1018: 1015: 1009: 1006: 1001: 997: 995: 991: 990: 985: 984: 978: 974: 970: 960: 958: 954: 950: 949:Lord's Prayer 946: 942: 938: 932: 928: 926: 921: 920: 916: 912: 908: 903: 899: 895: 890: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 862: 854: 852: 851: 846: 845: 840: 839:Burning Arrow 836: 835: 830: 826: 825: 820: 816: 815: 810: 806: 802: 801: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 771: 765: 763: 762: 757: 756: 755:The Outriders 751: 750: 745: 741: 740: 735: 731: 730: 725: 724:studio system 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 688: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 657: 654: 649: 647: 643: 639: 629: 624: 619: 614: 612: 608: 602: 600: 594: 590: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 570: 565: 557: 553: 549: 544: 541: 535: 532: 528: 524: 520: 515: 512: 508: 503: 501: 497: 493: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 463: 460: 456: 452: 448: 443: 441: 436: 426: 424: 419: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 400: 395: 394:David Belasco 390: 388: 383: 381: 377: 372: 370: 367: 363: 359: 353: 349: 347: 342: 338: 336: 332: 328: 323: 319: 314: 312: 308: 304: 299: 296: 286: 282: 280: 276: 271: 269: 268: 263: 259: 258: 253: 249: 248:film industry 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 221: 219: 214: 210: 204: 202: 198: 194: 190: 179: 178: 174: 172: 171: 167: 165: 162: 161: 159: 153: 149: 145: 141: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 114:Resting place 112: 107: 97: 93: 88: 71: 67: 62: 56: 51: 40: 33: 30: 19: 8703:YMCA leaders 8628: 8595: 8582:. 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