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393:, and the efforts of the old statesman to prevent a matrimonial alliance between the Russian and Austrian courts catalyzed Catherine into getting rid of a counselor of whom, for some mysterious reason, she was secretly afraid. The circumstances of his disgrace are complicated and obscure. The final rupture seems to have arisen on the question of the declaration of the armed neutrality of the North, but it is known that Grigory Potemkin and the British ambassador,
503:
389:, whereas the empress was beginning to incline more and more towards Austria. Nevertheless, even after Paul's second marriage, Panin maintained all his old influence over his pupil, who, like himself, was now a warm admirer of the king of Prussia. Traditional tales exist from this period of an actual conspiracy of Panin and Paul against the empress. As the Austrian influence increased, Panin found a fresh enemy in
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power, rejected it after some hesitation. Nevertheless, Panin continued to be indispensable. His influence partly was because he was the governor of Paul, who was greatly attached to him, partly to the peculiar circumstances in which
Catherine had mounted the throne, and partly to his knowledge of foreign affairs. Although acting as minister of foreign affairs, he was never made chancellor.
325:). Yet, the idea of the Northern Accord, though never quite realized, had important political consequences and influenced the policy of Russia for many years. It explains, too, Panin's strange tenderness toward Poland. For a long time, he could not endure the thought of destroying her, because he regarded her as an indispensable member of his accord, wherein she was to replace
329:, which circumstances had temporarily detached from the Russian alliance. All of the diplomatic questions concerning Russia from 1762 to 1783 are intimately associated with the name of Panin. His influence began to wane only when the impossibility of realizing the Northern Accord, his pet scheme over which Russia had fruitlessly sacrificed millions of
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declared him to be the most amiable negotiator he had ever met. He was also of a most humane disposition and a friend of liberal institutions. As to his honesty and kindness of heart there were never two opinions. By nature a sybarite, he took care to have the best cook in the capital, and women had
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League. Such an attempt to bind together nations with such different aims and characters was doomed to failure. Great
Britain, for instance, could never be persuaded it was as much in her interests as in the interests of Russia to subsidize the anti-French party in Sweden. Several other accords were
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only. To circumscribe the influence of the ruling favorites, he next suggested the formation of a cabinet council of six or eight ministers, through whom all the business of the state was to be transacted, but
Catherine, suspecting in the skillfully presented novelty a subtle attempt to limit her
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on the throne, so Poland, undivided and as strong as circumstances would permit, might be drawn wholly within the orbit of Russia. He did not foresee, though, the complications which were likely to arise from Russia's interference in the domestic affairs of Poland. Thus, the
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upset Panin's plans in Sweden, Panin pursued a policy of the Russo-Prussian alliance. As to Poland, his views differed widely from the views of both
Frederick and Catherine. He firmly guaranteed the integrity of Polish territory, after placing
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276:, and declared herself empress in 1762, but his jealousy of Catherine's lovers caused him to constantly try to sleep with her. Also, his jealousy of the influence which
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and his brothers seemed likely to obtain over the new empress predisposed him to favor the proclamation of his ward the grand duke Paul as emperor, with
Catherine as
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236:, Panin, who certainly had a strong speculative bent, is said to have conceived a fondness for constitutional forms of government. Politically, he was a pupil of
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382:, and when Russia came off third-best, Grigory Orlov declared in the council that the minister who had signed such a partition treaty was worthy of death.
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suddenly turned
Francophile instead of Francophobe, Panin's position became extremely difficult. However, he found a friend in Bestuzhev's supplanter,
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397:, had both been working against him some time before that. In May 1781, Panin was dismissed. He died two years later in the spring of 1783.
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Panin further incensed
Catherine by meddling with the marriage arrangements of the grand duke Paul and by advocating a closer
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Panin was one of the most learned, accomplished, and courteous
Russians of his day. Catherine called him her
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378:, took him completely by surprise and considerably weakened his position. He was forced to acquiesce in the
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545:(Rus. and Fr.), Collections of Russian Historical Society, vol. ix. (Saint Petersburg, 1872)
458:"1. Russians as Greeks: Catherine II's "Greek Project" and the Russian Ode of the 1760s–70s"
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1. Russians as Greeks: Catherine II's "Greek
Project" and the Russian Ode of the 1760s–70s
196:. Catherine appointed many men to the Senate who were related to Panin's powerful family.
8:
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K. D. Bugrov, "Nikita Panin and
Catherine II: Conceptual aspect of political relations."
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228:, where for the next 12 years he played a conspicuous part as the chief opponent of the
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March 31] 1783) was an influential Russian statesman and political mentor to
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and the establishment of an advisory privy council. His staunch opposition to the
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for the first 18 years of her reign (1762–1780). In that role, he advocated the
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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John P. LeDonne, "Appointments to the Russian Senate, 1762-1769"
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Burials at the Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra
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September 18] 1718 – April 11 [
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Panin supported Catherine when she overthrew her husband, Tsar
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as Russian minister, but a few months later was transferred to
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for him an irresistible attraction, though he never married.
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317:'s "Eastern System" (this later resulted in the basis for
216:, and was rumored to be one of the favorites of Empress
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led to his being replaced by the more compliant Prince
568:. (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1966), pp. 102–103.
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Active Privy Councillors, 1st class (Russian Empire)
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The Politics of Catherinian Russia: The Panin Party
292:, which aimed at opposing a combination of Russia,
527:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). pp. 677–678.
347:Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra
1047:18th-century politicians from the Russian Empire
1008:
620:
1062:Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to Denmark
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557:Materials for the Biography of Count Panin
470:10.1515/9781618116697-004/html?lang=en
464:, Academic Studies Press, pp. 24–60,
240:; consequently, when in the middle 1750s,
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588:Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman
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1072:People assassinated in the 18th century
1032:Foreign ministers of the Russian Empire
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566:Origins of the Russian Intelligentsia
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288:Panin was the inventor of the famous
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431:Cahiers du Monde Russe et Sovietique
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204:Nikita Ivanovich Panin was born in
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25:
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1027:Nobility from the Russian Empire
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220:. In 1747, he was accredited to
444:RUDN Journal of Russian History
246:Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov
232:party. During his residence in
208:, to the Russian commandant of
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519:Panin, Nikita Ivanovich, Count
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91:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
13:
1:
661:Vasily and Andrey Shchelkalov
539:. (Rus.; St Petersburg, 1787)
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252:, his influence was assured.
32:Eastern Slavic naming customs
27:Russian statesman (1718–1783)
799:Andreas Eberhard von Budberg
456:Zorin, Andrei (2017-12-17),
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636:Foreign ministers of Russia
313:attempted as well, such as
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590:. New York: Random House.
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30:In this name that follows
29:
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829:Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky
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537:Life of Count N. I. Panin
380:First Partition of Poland
345:Panin's tombstone in the
164:; September 29 [
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681:Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin
543:Political correspondence
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749:Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
550:Geschichte Katharina II
524:Encyclopædia Britannica
238:Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
951:Aleksandr Bessmertnykh
874:Provisional Government
814:Karl Robert Nesselrode
794:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
779:Nikita Petrovich Panin
759:Nikita Ivanovich Panin
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300:, Sweden, and perhaps
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154:Nikita Ivanovich Panin
18:Nikita Ivanovich Panin
577:Yale University Press
552:. (Berlin, 1891-1893)
532:cites these sources:
433:(1975) 16#1 pp 27-56.
409:. British ambassador
387:alliance with Prussia
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214:Imperial Russian Army
200:Early life and career
162:Никита Иванович Панин
143:Years of service
887:Mikhail Tereshchenko
809:Ioannis Kapodistrias
769:Alexander Bezborodko
194:Alexander Bezborodko
190:Partitions of Poland
1052:Russians in Estonia
963:Eduard Shevardnadze
946:Eduard Shevardnadze
819:Alexander Gorchakov
789:Alexander Vorontsov
744:Aleksey Tcherkassky
701:Yemelyan Ukraintsev
515:Bain, Robert Nisbet
319:Catherine the Great
182:Frederick the Great
180:, closer ties with
174:Catherine the Great
973:Russian Federation
926:Vyacheslav Molotov
849:Alexander Izvolsky
804:Nikolay Rumyantsev
754:Mikhailo Vorontsov
401:Personal qualities
374:, and the ensuing
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333:, became evident.
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864:Nikolai Pokrovsky
844:Vladimir Lamsdorf
774:Fyodor Rostopchin
648:Tsardom of Russia
597:978-0-679-45672-8
584:Massie, Robert K.
571:Ransel, David L.
479:978-1-61811-669-7
376:Russo-Turkish War
372:Bar Confederation
360:After 1772, when
355:Giacomo Quarenghi
256:Catherine's reign
178:Northern Alliance
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84:29 September 1718
16:(Redirected from
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1067:Paul I of Russia
986:Yevgeny Primakov
931:Andrey Vyshinsky
916:Georgy Chicherin
839:Mikhail Muravyov
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676:Almaz Ivanov
640:Soviet Union
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483:, retrieved
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407:encyclopedia
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395:James Harris
384:
367:Stanisław II
359:
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264:Portrait by
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102:(1783-04-11)
59:Nikita Panin
47:
39:
1022:1783 deaths
1017:1718 births
991:Igor Ivanov
535:Anonymous.
411:John Hobart
351:Ivan Martos
44:family name
1011:Categories
530:Britannica
485:2024-05-06
418:References
362:Gustav III
323:Greek Plan
222:Copenhagen
133:Allegiance
36:patronymic
517:(1911). "
391:Joseph II
274:Peter III
226:Stockholm
218:Elizabeth
71:Panin by
40:Ivanovich
638:and the
586:(2011).
579:, 1975).
310:Habsburg
512::
337:Decline
327:Austria
306:Bourbon
294:Prussia
268:, 1760s
186:Prussia
158:Russian
594:
506:
476:
331:rubles
298:Poland
282:regent
242:Russia
234:Sweden
230:French
206:Danzig
152:Count
126:Russia
117:Buried
87:Gdansk
75:, 1777
34:, the
349:, by
210:Pärnu
49:Panin
901:the
592:ISBN
474:ISBN
353:and
250:Paul
170:O.S.
166:O.S.
146:1740
97:Died
81:Born
899:and
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