New Zealand National Party

3706: 1441:, National gained 47.31% of the party vote, the highest percentage gained by any political party since MMP was introduced, helped by a lower voter turnout and the misfortunes of its traditional support parties. A reduced wasted vote enabled the party to gain 59 seats in Parliament, one more than in 2008. National re-entered confidence-and-supply agreements with ACT (one seat) and United Future (one seat) on 5 December 2011, enabling it to form a minority government with the support of 61 seats in the new 121-seat Parliament. National also re-entered a confidence-and-supply agreement with the Māori Party on 11 December 2011 for extra insurance, despite the parties differing on National's contentious plans to partially sell (or "extend the mixed ownership model to") four state-owned enterprises. This nearly led to a cancellation of the agreement in February 2012 over 1611: 4218: 4118: 4200: 9691: 9763: 4290: 3805: 4236: 1302:, together with a consolidation of centre-right support, may have contributed to the National Party's winning 48 out of 121 seats in Parliament. National, however, remained the second-largest party in Parliament (marginally behind Labour, which gained 50 seats), and had fewer options for forming a coalition government. With the formation of a new Labour-dominated Government, National remained the major Opposition party. Before the leadership of John Key, the National Party had made renewed efforts to attract social conservative voters, through adoption of 9139: 3922: 9199: 4272: 9343: 9667: 3455: 818: 3737: 2407: 9271: 4025: 9235: 3970: 3860: 9319: 1223: 1703: 9799: 38: 9619: 1317:, a conservative Christian group, had distributed attack pamphlets critical of the Labour Party and praising of National to letterboxes throughout New Zealand. Labour insisted that National had close ties to and prior knowledge of these attacks, which was repeatedly denied by National. It was later admitted by the leader Don Brash that he indeed did have knowledge of the plan, a statement that was contradicted by MP Gerry Brownlee who subsequently denied the National party had any foreknowledge. 9811: 3503: 886: 4903: 2179: 9679: 9589: 9373: 9727: 4326: 3408: 1357: 737: 9163: 4945: 2191: 4931: 9751: 9607: 4917: 3575: 9823: 9481: 9409: 9715: 9577: 9493: 9331: 9223: 9127: 9655: 9553: 9283: 4308: 955: 9397: 9565: 9541: 9517: 9505: 9469: 9361: 9295: 9187: 9385: 9151: 9115: 4182: 4254: 9703: 9307: 9175: 9787: 9631: 9457: 9445: 9433: 9421: 9259: 9247: 9775: 9643: 9211: 4087: 9739: 9529: 3302: 3277: 3249: 3224: 3199: 3169: 3144: 3119: 3091: 3061: 3021: 2991: 2966: 2938: 2913: 2888: 2858: 2830: 2805: 2780: 2755: 2725: 2697: 2672: 2647: 2617: 2592: 2567: 3630: 4056: 2539: 3891: 1000:" initiatives, designed to invest public money in energy self-sufficiency, stand in contrast to the party's contemporary views. Muldoon's autocratic leadership style became increasingly unpopular with both the public and the party, and together with disgruntlement over economic policy led to an attempted leadership change in 1980. Led by ministers 1203:. After a prolonged period of negotiation lasting nearly two months, in which New Zealand First played National and Labour off against each other (both parties negotiated complete coalition agreements), New Zealand First entered into a coalition with National despite the fact many expected Peters to form such a coalition with Labour. 1020: 2434:, in which the party suffered a significant loss of its support base, a review of the party organisation resulted in decisions to weaken the regional structure and to implement a more centralised structure. The restructuring was ostensibly planned to make the party organisation more "appropriate" for the 5196:

In 2015, New Zealand held a referendum on changing the national flag, an issue that quickly became polarised along party lines. John Key, the New Zealand Prime Minister and leader of the centre-right National Party at the time, advocated for changing the flag design, while, Andrew Little, the leader

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The party's principles include "loyalty to our country, its democratic principles and our Sovereign as Head of State; recognition of the Treaty of Waitangi as the founding document of New Zealand; national and personal security; equal citizenship and equal opportunity; individual freedom and choice;

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in 1998, New Zealand First split into two groups and half the MPs followed Peters out of the coalition but the remainder broke away, establishing themselves as independents or as members of new parties of which none survived the 1999 election. From the latter group National gained enough support to

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Sidney Holland was finance minister as well as prime minister in the new government. In 1949 National had campaigned on "the private ownership of production, distribution and exchange". Once in power the new Holland Government proved decidedly administratively conservative, retaining, for instance,

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under the title of the "National Political Federation", a name adopted to indicate that the grouping intended to represent New Zealanders from all backgrounds (in contrast to the previous situation, where United served city-dwellers and Reform served farmers). However, because of the effects of the

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held on 14 October, National under the leadership of Christopher Luxon defeated the incumbent Labour Party. National won 38.08% of the popular vote and gained 48 seats. National's traditional coalition partner ACT won 11 seats, leaving a prospective National–ACT coalition just short of a majority

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Under Brash, the National Party's overall popularity with voters improved markedly. Mostly, however, the party achieved this by "reclaiming" support from electors who voted for other centre-right parties in 2002. National's campaigning on race relations, amid claims of preferential treatment of

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he National Party is both conservative and liberal, its liberalism containing both elements of classical and new liberalism, the implications of the latter also overlapping with elements of conservatism. Within the National Party, it is the liberals rather than the conservatives who are most

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Currently, the affairs of the party are centrally governed by a Board of Directors, comprising the party leader, one caucus representative, the party's general manager and seven elected members. The board elects a party president from within its members. An Annual Conference determines party

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Within National there are a number of organised groups of members, called Special Interest Groups, that share a particular belief, interest or cause. Other groups are also involved in the party's policy reviews. For instance, the Bluegreens are a group within National who help formulate

1641:) as an act of political revenge. O'Connor later announced that he was resigning his portfolios in protest, and demanded Collins' own resignation. Collins was removed as leader in an emergency caucus meeting the following morning, with Reti becoming interim leader. Christopher Luxon was 1135:. These policies alienated traditional Labour supporters, who saw them as a betrayal of the party's social service based character, but did not appear to appease the membership base of the non-parliamentary party either, which still had a significant supporter base for the 1162:, National was narrowly able to retain government owing partly to a slight economic recovery and the opposition being split between three competing parties. National's unprecedented eighteen-seat majority had virtually disappeared and the country faced an election night 1560:; a position also espoused by the terrorist in his manifesto. On 2 July 2020, however, the party's new leader Todd Muller confirmed in response to a question from a journalist that the party was still opposed to the pact, although it was not an issue he was focused on. 1583:, respectively. Less than two months later, Muller resigned citing that his position had "become untenable from a health perspective". This came after a series of gaffes and scandals surrounding Muller and the National caucus during his tenure, triggering the 1186:

electoral system for future use in New Zealand general elections as widespread dissatisfaction with the existing political system led to reform. This would have a significant impact on New Zealand politics. Some National Party MPs defected to a new grouping,

931:

Marshall suffered the same fate as Holyoake. Having succeeded an experienced leader in an election-year, he failed to establish himself in time. Marshall had an added disadvantage; he had to compete against the much more popular and charismatic Labour leader

1115:. However, the party lost some support from Muldoon era policy based conservatives when it continued the economic reforms which had ultimately led to the defeat of the previous Labour government—these policies, started by Labour Party Finance Minister 1278:, gaining only 27 of 120 seats. Many hoped that English would succeed in rebuilding the party, given time, but a year later polling showed the party performing only slightly better than in the election. In October 2003 English gave way as leader to 1599:, but was unable to recoup polling losses seen by the party throughout 2020 in time for the election, leading to the party losing 23 seats and suffering the second worst defeat in its history. Brownlee, who was the party campaign manager, lost his 2398:), social conservatives and rural voters, although it targets other groups too. National has retained a reputation for showing more favour to farmers and to business than Labour; the party provides for its support through incentives for farmers. 6630: 1054:

causing particular concern to the leadership, threatening National's thin majority in parliament. When, in 1984, Marilyn Waring refused to support Muldoon's policies on visits by nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed ships, Muldoon called a snap

859:, National was elected to a third term, though losing some of its seats. Towards the end of his third term, however, Holland became increasingly ill, and stepped down from the leadership shortly before the general election in 1957. 2430:-level organisational structures. National traditionally had a strongly decentralised organisation, designed to allow electorates and the five regions to appeal to the unique voter base in their area. However, in light of the 1529:, National's share of the party vote dropped to 44.4%. It lost four seats, dropping to 56, but remained the largest party in Parliament. Two of the National government's three support parties lost representation in parliament. 1142:

Many more conservative and centrist National supporters preferred Muldoon's more authoritarian and interventionist policies over the free-market liberalism promoted by Douglas. However, the new National Party Finance Minister,

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We believe in the maximum degree of personal freedom and the maximum degree of individual choice for our people. We believe in the least interference necessary with individual rights, and the least possible degree of state

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support. By the mid-1970s it claimed to have around 200,000 members. Since 1981 National (as well as the Labour Party) has suffered a steady decline in membership. By the early 2000s party membership was below 30,000.

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especially created by the Crown for him. New Zealand First extracted a number of other concessions from National in exchange for its support. The influence of New Zealand First angered many National MPs, particularly

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arose, which broke the National/Labour duopoly in parliament, winning former National seats from 1966. Holyoake retired from the premiership and from the party leadership at the beginning of 1972, and his deputy,

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personal responsibility; competitive enterprise and rewards for achievement; limited government; strong families and caring communities; sustainable development of our environment." National supports a limited

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On 24 November 2021, Collins announced that Bridges was being demoted and stripped of his portfolios, in what was seen by many inside and outside the caucus (including National MP and Bridges' brother in-law

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effectively. Because of this, perceptions that he remained too much under the control of Coates and his lack of real support from his party colleagues, Hamilton failed to prevent Labour's re-election in

1483:. The National Party won 47.04% of the party vote, and increased its seats to 60. National resumed its confidence and supply agreements with ACT and United Future. The National government extended free 1039:

became less and less appealing. In both the 1978 and 1981 elections, National gained fewer votes than the Labour opposition, but could command a small majority in Parliament because of the then-used

733:, a former organiser for the coalition who disapproved of the perceived "socialist" measures that the coalition had introduced. The new party split the conservative vote, and aided Labour's victory. 1487:

visits to children under 13 as part of their 2014 election package, as well as extending paid parental leave by two weeks to 16 weeks. The National parliamentary caucus was split on the issue of

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After the 2005 election defeat Don Brash's leadership of National came under scrutiny from the media, and political watchers speculated on the prospect of a leadership-challenge before the next

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The conservative National Party that formed the government in New Zealand after 1990, went even further than its Labour predecessor in implementing neo-liberal economic and social policies.

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as deputy leader shortly before the election, became the new leader. McLay, an urban liberal with right-wing views on economics, however, failed to restore the party's fortunes. In 1986

7718: 1076: 759:, who had been a minister in the coalition government was elected the merged party's first leader. He got the top job primarily because of a compromise between Forbes and Reform leader 747:

In hopes of countering Labour's rise, United and Reform decided to turn their alliance into a single party. This party, the New Zealand National Party, was formed at a meeting held in

2446:, and elects members to the Board of Directors. The party is subdivided into Electorate Committees; each committee sends six delegates to Annual Conference, including a chair and any 6434: 863:, the party's long-standing deputy leader, took Holland's place. Holyoake, however, had insufficient time to establish himself in the public mind as prime minister, and lost in the 6608: 1501:

After serving Prime Minister for eight years, Key announced his resignation as the party leader on 5 December 2016. He stepped down as Prime Minister on 12 December. Key's deputy

6175: 4657: 6461: 9767: 6488: 6409: 6377: 6213: 1155:. Richardson's views also met with considerable opposition within the National Party Parliamentary Caucus and for a time caused damage to the party's membership base. 1564: 8934: 6313:

Early contenders to replace him are his current deputy Nikki Kaye – who is now the acting leader – and the prospect of Judith Collins also lurks in the background.

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platform and exploiting the Labour Opposition's apparent indecisiveness, National returned with an increased majority, gaining 54 parliamentary seats out of 80.

6541: 5067: 6352: 900:, known since as the "Black Budget", as miserly. After only one term in office, Labour suffered defeat at the hands of Holyoake and the National Party in the 9871: 3705: 9659: 2311:

National governments (1950s–1980s) generally sought to preserve the economic and social stability of New Zealand, mainly keeping intact the high degree of

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Gold, Hyam, "The Social Bases of Party Choice in New Zealand" (paper presented to Australasian Political Studies Association Conference, Melbourne, 1984)

1642: 1514: 5988:"How do MPs in Westminster democracies vote when unconstrained by party discipline? A comparison of free vote patterns on marriage equality legislation" 2374:

The party has mixed views on abortion, with some MPs being against while others for. In a conscience vote, National Party MPs voted largely against the

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tendencies. All factions tend to be in tension, although the conservative tendency frequently prevails. The broad liberal tendency is expressed by both

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and a perception that the existing coalition government had handled the situation poorly, the National Political Federation lost heavily in 1935 to the

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of the Labour Party) to hold a working majority in the House. At the same time as the election, however, a referendum took place which established the

9035: 6929: 6902: 763:, neither of whom wished to serve under the other. Hamilton led the party into its first election in 1938. He was unable to counter Labour's popular 6326: 5863: 5388: 755:, Prime Minister from 1930 until 1935, opened the conference; he served as Leader of the Opposition from May until November, when former Reform MP 7076: 5987: 4235: 4199: 527:

The National Party was formed in May 1936, but its roots go considerably further back. The party came about as the result of a merger between the

6193: 4963: 6067: 482:, receiving only 25.58 percent of the vote and 33 seats. National was again unable to form a government following the election and remained the 9881: 7267: 5350: 1237:

to become National's new leader, relations between National and its coalition partner quickly deteriorated. After Shipley sacked Peters from

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on 13 and 14 May 1936. Erstwhile members of the United and Reform parties made up the bulk of the new party. The United Party's last leader,

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replaced her. English, however, proved unable to gain traction against Clark, and National suffered its worst-ever electoral defeat in the

803:, thirteen years after the party's foundation, National won power after taking eight seats off Labour, and Holland became prime minister. 9891: 9007: 7882: 7844: 7629: 6598: 6271: 4850: 4289: 340:

respectively, and subsequently became New Zealand's second-oldest extant political party. National's predecessors had previously formed

6575: 2465:, acts as a spokesperson for National and is responsible for managing the party's business within parliament. The president (currently 1395:(1 seat). On 19 November the Governor-General swore in the new National-led government. In Key's first Cabinet he gave the ACT Party's 9886: 8749: 8737: 7811: 7708: 6121: 4429: 3073: 3033: 3003: 2737: 2328: 2304: 1442: 1178:, allowing it to form a government with the majority of one seat but required the election of a Speaker from the opposition benches ( 1097: 1087: 896:

Nash's government became very unpopular as Labour acquired a reputation for poor economic management, and much of the public saw its

880: 6041: 8761: 8755: 8743: 8731: 8709: 8637: 7901: 7645: 4271: 3333: 3314: 3181: 3041: 2870: 2629: 2454: 2435: 2364: 2308: 2300: 1814: 1658: 1351: 1183: 949: 812: 501: 493: 306: 260: 55: 8481: 940:. Unpopular policies, including initiating clear felling of parts of the Warawara kauri forest, also needlessly alienated voters. 9876: 9323: 9065: 8793: 5580: 5300: 5012: 4968: 2336: 2025: 1473: 1668:

with 59 seats. National formed a majority government with ACT and New Zealand First, the first three-party coalition under MMP.

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support, marking an end to the 9-year National government. English announced his intention to stay on as party leader until the

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and major government spending cuts were introduced under the Fourth National Government, policies that were popularly known as

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became the leader of the National caucus on 27 November 2006. Key fostered a more "centrist" image, discussing issues such as

9425: 9227: 8828: 8601: 8457: 8353: 8346: 8209: 7796: 5179: 2040: 1824: 8577: 7176: 4325: 1591:. Kaye, who served as interim leader during the hours between Muller's resignation and Collins's election, was succeeded by 8813: 8685: 8334: 5410: 4978: 1957: 1785: 1682: 1246:

a defect Alliance List MP. The visibly damaged National Government managed to survive the parliamentary term, but lost the

1207: 1063:, and some believe that he later regretted the decision to "go to the country". National lost the election to Labour under 518: 475: 224: 8625: 5750: 9861: 9569: 8848: 8613: 8399: 7673: 4533: 3771: 2083: 1538: 837: 1448:

The government also introduced the "mixed ownership model" plan, in which the Government planned to reduce its share in

9683: 9647: 9413: 9070: 8493: 8469: 8433: 8274: 8257: 8221: 8197: 6571: 5329: 2158: 522: 500:, winning 38 percent of the party vote and a plurality with 48 seats. Subsequently, since November 2023, Luxon heads a 4181: 1298:, generated considerable publicity and much controversy. Strong campaigning on a tax-cuts theme in the lead-up to the 9437: 8697: 8649: 8505: 8358: 8310: 7816: 7568: 7532: 7498: 7476: 7292: 7241: 7028: 6972: 6823: 6789: 6718: 6669: 6661:

Towards Consensus?: The 1993 Election and Referendum in New Zealand and the Transition to Proportional Representation

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broke out, lasting 151 days. The National government stepped into the conflict, acting in opposition to the maritime

800: 796: 792: 773: 726: 706: 497: 483: 479: 467: 439: 432: 420: 400: 396: 392: 376: 372: 356: 8661: 8322: 1571:, the National Party held an emergency caucus meeting and voted to oust both leader Simon Bridges and deputy leader 9815: 9731: 9690: 9365: 9179: 8843: 8778: 8673: 8445: 8185: 8075: 7713: 7486: 4746: 2418:

In the 1930s National first emulated and then outstripped Labour in building a large low-fee membership, with wide

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became New Zealand's first female prime minister in 1997; her government was defeated by a Labour-led coalition in

4253: 2323:'s massive infrastructure projects designed to ensure New Zealand's energy independence after the 1973 oil shock, 2282:

but says that work, merit, innovation and personal initiative must be encouraged to reduce unemployment and boost

1016:, his deputy. However, the plan collapsed as the result of Talboys' unwillingness, and Muldoon kept his position. 973:. An intense contest between Kirk and Muldoon followed. Kirk became ill and died in office (1974); his successor, 701:

Historically, the Liberal and Reform parties had competed against each other; however, between 1931 and 1935, the

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the remainder. The plans to sell down Solid Energy were later axed due to the company's poor financial position.

470:, despite leaving government, the party secured 44.4 percent of the vote and won 56 seats, making it the largest 416: 349: 7575:(includes short biographies of all National MPs from 1936 to 1986, and of a selection of organisational figures) 7380: 7358: 7336: 7314: 9611: 7728: 5994: 2030: 7535: 7050: 6296: 5877: 5828: 9896: 9023: 8838: 8286: 8116: 6874: 6847: 5142: 4863: 3362: 2493: 2375: 1600: 1553: 1506: 1494:

Throughout his second and third terms, Key campaigned heavily in favour of free-trade agreements such as the

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until 1927, except for a short period between 1925 and 1927 when it used the name "National Party") and the

9521: 9473: 9287: 9251: 9239: 8803: 6994: 5912: 5779: 3762: 1603:, returning as an MP via the party list and resigning as deputy leader two weeks later; he was replaced by 1557: 184: 135: 6015: 2489:. Often the more social-liberal views of the Young Nats have been at odds with those in the senior party. 2299:

Historically, National supported a higher degree of state intervention than it has in recent decades. The

9791: 9671: 9635: 9581: 9119: 9040: 8980: 8975: 8818: 8798: 8365: 8180: 8131: 8100: 7781: 7653: 4811: 2497: 2478: 2130: 1283: 718:, the rise of which had prompted the alliance. The two parties were cut down to 19 seats between them. 702: 631: 341: 147: 128: 99: 5378: 1191:

in mid-1995 whilst other splinter parties emerged. And, as a result of the new electoral mechanics, the

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Within two years, the National Party removed Marshall as its parliamentary leader and replaced him with

9719: 9707: 9557: 9497: 9485: 9347: 9203: 9155: 9143: 9060: 8960: 8955: 8823: 8608: 7868: 6094:"The race for Prime Minister gets crowded – It's Bill English, Jonathan Coleman and now Judith Collins" 4973: 4624: 2115: 2010: 1646: 1147:, strongly supported Rogernomics, believing that Douglas had not gone far enough. Her policies—dubbed " 897: 593: 583: 536: 528: 337: 333: 5117: 9743: 9299: 8965: 8620: 8341: 7524: 7468: 2153: 2088: 1495: 788:

resigned in 1942 in protest at the "autocratic" behaviour of Holland and the new party organisation.

563: 532: 157: 799:, National made further gains, but Labour was able to cling to a one-seat majority. However, in the 9762: 9401: 9263: 9191: 9050: 9045: 7667: 7507: 5379:"Former businessman Christopher Luxon wins New Zealand election as voters seek conservative change" 5291: 5003: 3353: 2271: 2098: 2005: 1727: 1371:. The Labour Party, which had spent three terms in power, conceded the election and Prime Minister 985: 715: 371:

succeeded Holland, and was defeated some months later at a general election by the Labour Party in

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retained his ministerial post outside Cabinet which he had held within the immediately preceding

255: 7402: 6435:"Simon Bridges demoted by Judith Collins over alleged historical comments to a female colleague" 9533: 9461: 9335: 9198: 7081: 6879: 6852: 6635: 6382: 6098: 5964: 5882: 5833: 5234:...in New Zealand politics, by the centre-left Labour Party and the centre-right National Party 2500:(APDU). Former National Prime Minister John Key was the chairman of the IDU from 2014 to 2018. 2348: 2104: 1942: 1449: 1238: 722: 348:. National has governed for six periods during the 20th and 21st centuries, and has spent more 7462: 5802: 5662: 5265: 5210: 9755: 9666: 8411: 6813: 6659: 3429: 2352: 1380: 1330: 768: 451: 384: 303: 174: 111: 6176:"Simon Bridges backtracks on why UN migration pact petition removed from National's website" 4117: 1610: 9545: 8529: 7786: 7723: 6599:"New Zealand abandons Labour and shifts to the right as country votes for wholesale change" 5491: 5325: 2474: 2447: 2259: 2110: 1937: 1484: 1434:

on all income; the top personal tax rate was lowered from 39% to 38% and then 33% in 2010.

1035:. However, public dissatisfaction grew, and Muldoon's controlling and belligerent style of 314: 1622: 8: 9449: 4908: 2263: 2183: 2045: 1722: 1040: 907:

Holyoake's government lasted twelve years, the party winning re-election three times (in

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made budget deficit-reduction his main priority for the first term. The government also

1012:, the challenge (dubbed the "colonels' coup") against Muldoon aimed to replace him with 9342: 9215: 7826: 7691: 6489:"Judith Collins' attempt to 'rule by fear' contributes to ousting, National ex-MP says" 6462:"National MP Simon O'Connor says Judith Collins must resign over 'appalling' behaviour" 5857: 4950: 2235: 2195: 2120: 1804: 1732: 1690: 1314: 1188: 1111:, National defeated Labour in an electoral landslide and formed a new government under 169: 7125: 2469:, elected to the role in August 2022) heads the administration outside of parliament. 1046:

Dissent within the National Party continued to grow, however, with rebel National MPs

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self-conscious and vocal, although the conservatives most frequently seem to prevail.

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As of November 2021, there are nine living former party leaders, as seen below.

4111: 2458: 2255: 2020: 1988: 1919: 1638: 1630: 1614: 1530: 1307: 1192: 489: 424: 60: 7023: 6239:"New Zealand opposition to vote on leader as polling shows party at near-record low" 1556:, the party removed content from their website which indicated opposition to the UN 411:

reforms initiated by the preceding Labour government. The party has since advocated

281: 9311: 9131: 8668: 8394: 7821: 7745: 5602: 5044: 3921: 2060: 1262:, who formed a coalition government leaving National in opposition for nine years. 711: 2406: 1505:

was acclaimed as the party's new leader on 12 December 2016 after Health Minister

1404: 37: 9618: 8704: 8406: 8281: 7839: 7679: 7552: 7541: 7517: 6708: 6493: 6466: 6439: 6410:"Christopher Luxon says National will stand candidates in Maori Electorate seats" 6126: 5632: 5550: 4936: 3454: 2387: 2360: 2283: 2078: 1978: 1884: 1869: 1747: 1537:, held the balance of power, and formed a coalition with Labour, who also gained 1465: 1453: 1384: 1163: 1144: 1092:

Shortly after this loss, the National Party removed Muldoon from the leadership.

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On 1 February 2021, Collins announced that the National Party would contest the

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Short biographies of all presidents up to Sue Wood appear in Barry Gustafson's

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on the sell-downs returned a 67.3% vote in opposition (on a turnout of 45.1%).

1457: 1196: 1047: 966: 958: 889: 860: 849: 821: 781: 777: 388: 368: 360: 7151: 5295: 3969: 3859: 1702: 1388: 463: 9855: 9810: 8656: 8644: 8560: 8452: 8293: 8167: 8108: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8060: 8047: 8003: 7968: 7938: 7915: 7860: 6941: 6542:"National leadership: Christopher Luxon elected leader, Nicola Willis deputy" 6250: 5891: 5842: 5191: 5154: 4837: 4798: 4785: 4772: 4707: 4670: 4572: 4416: 4390: 4295: 4223: 4145: 4018: 3798: 3568: 3401: 2344: 2312: 2279: 1947: 1904: 1874: 1854: 1839: 1829: 1752: 1572: 1546: 1469: 1445:

for the mixed ownership companies, and again in July 2012 over water rights.

1408: 1392: 1339: 1303: 1226: 1216: 1124: 1116: 1013: 1001: 925: 830: 760: 756: 740: 455: 428: 310: 70: 6378:"National leader Judith Collins explains why party will contest Māori seats" 5176:"Voters' preexisting opinions shift to align with political party positions" 2290:

encapsulated the conservative and liberal principles of the National Party:

1222: 1019: 8548: 8464: 8370: 8252: 8228: 8204: 7996: 7975: 7560: 6603: 5664:

Welfare and Work in the Open Economy: From vulnerability to competitiveness

4559: 4507: 4494: 4481: 4241: 3963: 3853: 3655: 3438: 2486: 2239: 1889: 1502: 1461: 1427: 1271: 1259: 1243: 1171: 1051: 974: 544: 447: 325: 143: 5209:

Papillon, Martin; Turgeon, Luc; Wallner, Jennifer; White, Stephen (2014).

5068:"Election 2023: Campaign slogan battle between Labour and National begins" 1059:. Muldoon made the television announcement of this election while visibly 539:. The United Party gained its main support from the cities, and drew upon 9726: 9678: 9588: 9372: 8680: 8536: 8512: 8500: 8440: 8418: 8329: 8317: 8121: 8055: 8009: 7806: 7776: 7049:(25th ed.). New Zealand National Party. October 2016. Archived from 7024:

Electoral Reform and the Centralisation of the New Zealand National Party

6353:"Shane Reti elected unopposed as new deputy leader of the National Party" 5041:"International Democrat Union » Asia Pacific Democracy Union (APDU)" 4876: 4694: 4520: 4468: 4313: 4049: 3843: 3689: 3613: 3541: 2466: 2395: 2340: 2332: 2251: 1909: 1757: 1717: 1633:

confirmed they would still be contesting the seats under his leadership.

1576: 1545:

but subsequently resigned. On 27 February 2018, English was succeeded by

1412: 1400: 1396: 1372: 1356: 1325: 1251: 1170:, with National one seat short of the required 50 seats to govern. Final 1120: 1104:

took over the leadership with the support of centrists within the party.

1064: 1060: 1027:

Under Muldoon, National won three consecutive general elections in 1975,

989: 933: 868: 841: 730: 408: 48: 6903:"The Great Reassurer: How John Key's calmness was his greatest strength" 6875:"New Zealand as it might have been: From Ruthanasia to President Bolger" 5267:

The Evolution of Central Banking and Monetary Policy in the Asia-Pacific

4930: 3502: 2411: 1324:. Brash resigned on 23 November 2006, immediately before the release of 885: 415:, reduction of taxes, and limited state regulation. Following the first 9623: 9275: 9162: 8572: 8524: 8233: 8216: 8192: 7960: 4611: 4585: 4455: 4205: 3730: 3407: 2419: 2356: 2243: 1879: 1864: 1742: 1604: 1580: 1286:

who had joined the National Parliamentary caucus in the 2002 election.

1234: 1148: 1112: 1101: 1079: 1036: 1009: 993: 748: 736: 404: 329: 153: 123: 115: 6930:"Spotlight back on abortion in New Zealand after US Roe v Wade ruling" 6214:"National Party leader Todd Muller announces Shadow Cabinet reshuffle" 6194:"National's UN migration petition removed by 'emotional' staff member" 3574: 954: 9822: 9750: 9606: 9480: 9138: 8970: 7981: 7953: 7733: 6737: 5383: 4916: 4442: 4259: 4187: 3884: 3699: 2438:

electoral system, where votes are cast for a countrywide party list.

2324: 1894: 1762: 1334:, which contained damaging revelations obtained from private emails. 1279: 1211: 1093: 1005: 997: 785: 1075: 9714: 9654: 9576: 9552: 9492: 9330: 9282: 9222: 9126: 8423: 8080: 8070: 7988: 4759: 4733: 4277: 3915: 2368: 2247: 2055: 1899: 1737: 1376: 1360: 1335: 795:, National reduced Labour's majority from 12 seats to four. In the 540: 443: 9564: 9540: 9516: 9504: 9468: 9432: 9420: 9396: 9384: 9360: 9294: 9186: 9150: 9114: 7750: 7181: 5025:

Usually the conservative and liberal tendencies have been central

4086: 1136: 1132: 6068:"Live: Prime Minister John Key has resigned. What happens next?" 5320: 5318: 5197:

of the centre-left Labour Party at the time, opposed the change.

407:

formed another National government, which continued the radical

9786: 9774: 9702: 9630: 9509: 9456: 9389: 9306: 9270: 9234: 9210: 9174: 7580:

The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005

7557:

The First 50 Years: A History of the New Zealand National Party

7268:"Part I – Summary of Party List and Electorate Candidate Seats" 6297:"Todd Muller quits as National Party leader for health reasons" 5212:

Comparing Canada: Methods and Perspectives on Canadian Politics

3629: 2462: 2443: 1151:"— encouraged two MPs to leave the National Party and form the 1128: 552: 471: 423:, the National Party governed in a coalition with the populist 7609: 4055: 1403:

ministerial portfolios outside Cabinet, and the Māori Party's

1313:

In the 2005 general election run up, it was revealed that the

1294:, and amid their opposition to Labour Party policy during the 1270:

Shipley continued to lead the National Party until 2001, when

784:"acted effectively as Holland's deputy". One former Reform MP 555:, who then formed a substantial proportion of the population. 244: 9738: 9528: 9444: 9258: 9246: 6272:"Simon Bridges rolled, Todd Muller new National Party leader" 5315: 1426:. In response to New Zealand's rising debt, Finance Minister 1242:

continue in government with additional confidence support of

1195:

party, led by former National MP and former Cabinet minister

548: 3890: 2234:

The New Zealand National Party has been characterised as a "

367:

from the National Party, and remained in office until 1957.

9642: 6042:"New Zealand Prime Minister John Key announces resignation" 5208: 2319:. The last major interventionist policy was Prime Minister 1649:

as his deputy, after Simon Bridges withdrew his candidacy.

1367:

On 8 November 2008, the National Party won 58 seats in the

496:

since 30 November 2021. He led the party to victory in the

207: 7044:"Constitution and Rules of the New Zealand National Party" 2492:

National is affiliated to—and plays a leading part in—the

1375:

stepped down. National formed a minority government under

1174:

counted over the following days revealed National had won

7425:"2020 General Election and Referendums – Official Result" 6973:"Farming community at the heart of National's priorities" 1023:

A former National Party logo, used during the Muldoon era

7587:

Key to Victory: The New Zealand General Election of 2008

5720: 5708: 5514: 981:, National under Muldoon returned comfortably to power. 6327:"Judith Collins announced as new National Party leader" 5351:"Chris Luxon: The first-term MP who will lead National" 1139:

intervention style policies of the Muldoon Government.

705:

held power in New Zealand. The coalition went into the

375:. Holyoake returned to office for a second period from 5373: 5371: 4964:

List of New Zealand–related topics § Political parties

988:

economic policies, arouses mixed opinions amongst the

844:. Holland also used this opportunity to call the 1951 6631:"'Strong, productive, unified': Luxon sworn in as PM" 5466:. Australia: Oxford University Press. pp. 31–32. 5436:. Australia: Oxford University Press. pp. 28–31. 7597:

Revolution: New Zealand From Fortress to Free Market

5661:

Scharpf, Fritz Wilhelm; Schmidt, Vivien Ann (2000).

5120:(in Māori). New Zealand Parliament Pāremata Aotearoa 5043:. International Democrat Union. 2016. Archived from 4898: 2286:. In a 1959 speech, party leader and Prime Minister 1617:

has served as the party's leader since November 2021

379:

to 1972. The party's platform shifted from moderate

7455:

Left Turn: The New Zealand general election of 1999

6122:"Bill English announces retirement from Parliament" 5368: 1422:National came to power in the continuing wake of a 309:that is the current ruling party. It is one of two 5965:"Citizens Initiated Referendum 2013: Final Result" 5939:"Questions and Answers – 25 May 2010 | Scoop News" 5656: 5654: 1652: 9036:Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists 9022: 7644: 6516:"Judith Collins removed as National Party leader" 6148: 5451:. Australia: Oxford University Press. p. 29. 5253:. Australia: Oxford University Press. p. 32. 5244: 5242: 547:electors for votes, while the Reform Party had a 9853: 7460: 6351:Manch, Thomas; Cooke, Henry (10 November 2020). 5774: 5772: 5411:"Official results for the 2023 General Election" 1479:The National Government won a third term at the 1070: 874: 824:was the first National Prime Minister, 1949–1957 324:National formed in 1936 through amalgamation of 7038: 7036: 5878:"Brash knew about Exclusive Brethren pamphlets" 5827:Cheng, Derek Cheng, Derek (12 September 2005). 5651: 1345: 943: 806: 7890: 7548:(2009), National Prime Minister, 1957, 1960–72 7177:"John Key chairs International Democrat Union" 7077:"Sylvia Wood elected National Party president" 6324: 6151:"Live updates: National chooses Simon Bridges" 5660: 5239: 4170: 9008: 7876: 7630: 5769: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5202: 2359:(National's finance minister at the time was 2315:and the strong welfare state built up by the 2266:. The early National Party was united in its 2215: 1206:Under the coalition agreement, Peters became 9872:International Democracy Union member parties 7464:New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election 7033: 6773: 6771: 6245:. Australian Associated Press. 21 May 2020. 6149:Bracewell-Worrall, Anna (27 February 2018). 5862:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2485:), has provided much political impetus as a 2347:). The corporatisation and sale of numerous 7585:Levine, Stephen and Nigel S. Roberts, eds. 7578:Levine, Stephen and Nigel S. Roberts, eds. 7017: 7015: 6975:(Press release). New Zealand National Party 6713:(revised ed.). Routledge. p. 62. 6034: 5630: 3327: 2331:(1990–1999) mostly carried on the sweeping 984:The Muldoon administration, which favoured 743:was the first leader of the National Party. 551:base and received substantial support from 293: 16:Centre-right political party in New Zealand 9015: 9001: 7883: 7869: 7637: 7623: 6350: 5829:"Exclusive Brethren trot out new leaflets" 5694:. Auckland University Press. p. 109. 5526: 5486: 5484: 5482: 2222: 2208: 977:, proved no match for Muldoon, and in the 833:set up by the previous Labour government. 504:with the ACT Party and New Zealand First. 438:The National Party was in government from 7551: 7546:Kiwi Keith: A Biography of Keith Holyoake 7403:"2017 General Election – Official Result" 7381:"Official Count Results – Overall Status" 7359:"Official Count Results – Overall Status" 7337:"Official Count Results – Overall Status" 7315:"Official Count Results – Overall Status" 7242:"1890–1993 general elections | Elections" 6777: 6768: 6683: 6681: 6664:. Auckland University Press. p. 20. 5780:"Official Count Results – Overall Status" 5726: 5714: 5687: 5520: 5326:"2017 General Election – Official Result" 1520: 1265: 1088:Fourth National Government of New Zealand 881:Second National Government of New Zealand 478:. It lost this plurality position in the 7074: 7012: 6016:"PM reinforces TPP benefits in New York" 5667:. Oxford University Press. p. 246. 5270:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 317. 3334:Leader of the New Zealand National Party 3042:Mixed-member proportional representation 2405: 1671: 1659:Sixth National Government of New Zealand 1609: 1355: 1352:Fifth National Government of New Zealand 1221: 1074: 1018: 953: 950:Third National Government of New Zealand 884: 816: 813:First National Government of New Zealand 735: 7485: 6999:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 6927: 6706: 6700: 6692:. University of Auckland. p. 225. 6596: 6318: 5807:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 5794: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5581:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 5555:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 5479: 5301:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 5263: 5248: 5013:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 4998: 4996: 4994: 4969:List of conservative parties by country 2410:National Party election campaigners in 1587:in as many months. He was succeeded by 317:, alongside its traditional rival, the 9854: 8138:Names without electorates are list MPs 7908:Names in bold served as Prime Minister 7522:His Way, a biography of Robert Muldoon 7461:Boston, Jonathan; et al. (2004). 7236: 7234: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7220: 6995:"National Party membership, 1938–2002" 6970: 6845: 6818:. New Holland Publishers. p. 65. 6811: 6805: 6781:His Way: a Biography of Robert Muldoon 6687: 6678: 6657: 6289: 5751:"Bill English staying on through 2020" 5691:His Way: a Biography of Robert Muldoon 5461: 5446: 5431: 5143:"Election 2014: Nats' promises to you" 5035: 5033: 1199:, held the balance of power after the 1127:of state assets and on the removal of 9882:Political parties established in 1936 9089: 8996: 8034: 7864: 7618: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7200: 5985: 5826: 5551:"National Party – Formation and rise" 5548: 5290: 5180:Association for Psychological Science 5065: 5002: 687: 685: 683: 681: 679: 669: 667: 665: 663: 661: 627: 617: 610: 608: 606: 600: 598: 592: 582: 580: 578: 572: 562: 9066:International Women's Democrat Union 6611:from the original on 18 October 2023 6578:from the original on 7 November 2023 6390:from the original on 1 February 2021 5732: 5391:from the original on 16 October 2023 5137: 5135: 4991: 4979:List of right-wing political parties 2503: 2426:National features both regional and 1786:Historic conservatism in New Zealand 1595:. Collins led the party through the 892:, Prime Minister, 1957 and 1960–1972 519:Historic conservatism in New Zealand 9867:Conservative parties in New Zealand 6778:Gustafson, Barry (1 October 2013). 5800: 5030: 4635: 13: 9892:1936 establishments in New Zealand 9090: 9071:International Young Democrat Union 7447: 7197: 7075:Coughlan, Thomas (7 August 2022). 6690:The New Zealand Journal of History 6568:"Official count – Overall Results" 5413:. New Zealand Electoral Commission 5008:"National Party: Party principles" 992:adherents of the modern National. 523:Historic liberalism in New Zealand 352:than any other New Zealand party. 14: 9908: 9438:Christian Social Union in Bavaria 7603: 7538:, National prime minister 1975–84 7029:Victoria University of Wellington 6765:, 14 July 1959, vol. 319, p. 406. 6763:New Zealand Parliamentary Debates 5611:Ministry for Culture and Heritage 5500:Ministry for Culture and Heritage 5132: 4342: 2343:(after Labour's finance minister 2149:Christian politics in New Zealand 1627:2023 New Zealand general election 1439:26 November 2011 general election 502:National-led coalition government 9887:Political parties in New Zealand 9821: 9809: 9797: 9785: 9773: 9761: 9749: 9737: 9725: 9713: 9701: 9689: 9677: 9665: 9653: 9641: 9629: 9617: 9605: 9587: 9575: 9563: 9551: 9539: 9527: 9515: 9503: 9491: 9479: 9467: 9455: 9443: 9431: 9419: 9407: 9395: 9383: 9371: 9359: 9341: 9329: 9317: 9305: 9293: 9281: 9269: 9257: 9245: 9233: 9221: 9209: 9197: 9185: 9173: 9161: 9149: 9137: 9125: 9113: 7493:. Wellington: AH & AW Reed. 6846:Hembry, Owen (31 January 2011). 6597:Corlett, Eva (14 October 2023). 5634:State and economy in New Zealand 5330:New Zealand Electoral Commission 4943: 4929: 4915: 4901: 4324: 4306: 4288: 4270: 4252: 4234: 4216: 4198: 4180: 4116: 4085: 4054: 4023: 3968: 3920: 3889: 3858: 3803: 3735: 3704: 3628: 3573: 3501: 3453: 3406: 3301: 3300: 3276: 3275: 3248: 3247: 3223: 3222: 3198: 3197: 3168: 3167: 3143: 3142: 3118: 3117: 3090: 3089: 3060: 3059: 3020: 3019: 2990: 2989: 2965: 2964: 2937: 2936: 2912: 2911: 2887: 2886: 2857: 2856: 2829: 2828: 2804: 2803: 2779: 2778: 2754: 2753: 2724: 2723: 2696: 2695: 2671: 2670: 2646: 2645: 2616: 2615: 2591: 2590: 2566: 2565: 2537: 2189: 2177: 1701: 1569:COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand 1296:foreshore-and-seabed controversy 462:and the indigenous-rights-based 36: 9378:Nationalist Republican Alliance 9076:Union of Latin American Parties 7417: 7395: 7373: 7351: 7329: 7307: 7285: 7260: 7169: 7144: 7118: 7096: 7068: 6987: 6964: 6955: 6921: 6895: 6867: 6839: 6755: 6730: 6651: 6623: 6590: 6560: 6534: 6508: 6481: 6454: 6427: 6402: 6370: 6344: 6325:Sadler, Rachel (14 July 2020). 6264: 6231: 6206: 6186: 6168: 6142: 6114: 6086: 6060: 6008: 5979: 5957: 5931: 5905: 5870: 5820: 5681: 5624: 5603:"1957 – key events – The 1950s" 5595: 5568: 5542: 5470: 5455: 5440: 5425: 5403: 5343: 5284: 5264:Hossain, Akhand Akhtar (2015). 5257: 2401: 2094:Coalition of Concerned Citizens 1653:Sixth Government (2023–present) 1563:On 22 May 2020, following poor 1474:A citizens-initiated referendum 1411:the same. United Future leader 1233:When, in 1997, Shipley toppled 969:, who had previously served as 919:). However, during this period 217:"Get our country back on track" 9877:Liberal parties in New Zealand 7599:(1996) on Rogernomics in 1980s 6928:McClure, Tess (29 June 2022). 5995:Australian National University 5168: 5110: 5085: 5059: 2538: 2477:. The party's youth wing, the 2367:(2008–2017) took a relatively 1443:Treaty of Waitangi obligations 1: 9024:International Democracy Union 8133:Current members of parliament 7646:New Zealand political parties 6971:Muller, Todd (25 June 2020). 6784:. Auckland University Press. 5464:Party Politics in New Zealand 5449:Party Politics in New Zealand 5434:Party Politics in New Zealand 5251:Party Politics in New Zealand 5066:Lynch, Jenna (16 July 2023). 4984: 3322: 2494:International Democracy Union 2381: 2376:Abortion Legislation Act 2020 2262:, with the latter supporting 1554:Christchurch Mosque shootings 1071:Fourth Government (1990–1999) 875:Second Government (1960–1972) 427:Party. National Party leader 195:International Democracy Union 9768:People's Democratic Movement 9252:Independent Democratic Union 7293:"Summary of Overall Results" 7132:. New Zealand National Party 7106:. New Zealand National Party 6848:"In the shadow of Think Big" 5913:"Key and ministers sworn in" 5549:James, Colin (1 July 2010). 2455:leader of the National Party 2450:from within the electorate. 2390:has traditionally comprised 1346:Fifth Government (2008–2017) 1322:general election due in 2008 944:Third Government (1975–1984) 829:compulsory unionism and the 807:First Government (1949–1957) 776:. In 1940, former Reform MP 512: 494:leader of the National Party 391:'s National government from 185:Asia Pacific Democracy Union 7: 9792:Forum for Democratic Change 9168:National Independence Party 9041:Asia Pacific Democrat Union 5637:. Oxford U.P. p. 204. 4894: 4171:Living former party leaders 2498:Asia Pacific Democrat Union 1363:, Prime Minister, 2008–2016 1282:, a former governor of the 1229:, Prime Minister, 1997–1999 1082:, Prime Minister, 1990–1997 961:, Prime Minister, 1975–1984 313:that dominate contemporary 307:New Zealand political party 10: 9913: 9862:New Zealand National Party 9720:Slovenian Democratic Party 9708:Democratic Party of Serbia 9558:Maldivian Democratic Party 9426:Christian Democratic Union 9348:National Progressive Force 9228:Union of Democratic Forces 9204:Party of Democratic Action 7893:New Zealand National Party 6742:New Zealand National Party 5215:. UBC Press. p. 126. 5097:New Zealand National Party 4974:Liberal parties by country 3426: 3331: 2461:), elected by the party's 2386:The National Party's core 2329:Fourth National Government 1656: 1585:second leadership election 1565:poll results for the party 1349: 1085: 947: 878: 810: 516: 507: 278:New Zealand National Party 26:New Zealand National Party 9100: 9096: 9085: 9030: 8948: 8857: 8771: 8724: 8176: 8145: 8130: 8033: 7900: 7845:List of political parties 7835: 7769: 7701: 7652: 7525:Auckland University Press 7469:Victoria University Press 7130:bluegreens.national.co.nz 6812:Palffy, Georgina (2008). 5688:Gustafson, Barry (2013). 4159: 4142: 4130: 4125: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4107: 4007: 4005: 3977: 3974: 3967: 3962: 3959: 3929: 3926: 3919: 3914: 3911: 3842: 3840: 3812: 3809: 3802: 3797: 3794: 3755: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3726: 3688: 3686: 3652: 3648: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3627: 3622: 3619: 3612: 3593: 3582: 3579: 3572: 3567: 3564: 3510: 3507: 3500: 3495: 3492: 3462: 3459: 3452: 3447: 3444: 3437: 3435: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3405: 3400: 3397: 3392: 3386: 3260: 3180: 3102: 3039: 2949: 2869: 2736: 2628: 2550: 2436:mixed-member proportional 2365:Fifth National Government 2246:tendencies, and outlying 2159:Liberalism in New Zealand 2154:Conservatism in Australia 2089:Communities and Residents 1496:Trans-Pacific Partnership 1166:for the first time since 673: 671: 655: 653: 651: 649: 645: 641: 625: 623: 604: 602: 576: 574: 383:to increased emphasis on 251: 242: 237: 221: 213: 200: 191:International affiliation 190: 180: 168: 134: 122: 106: 94: 76: 66: 54: 44: 35: 23: 9672:People's Action Movement 9648:Christian People's Party 9570:Liberal Democratic Party 9414:United National Movement 9402:National Coalition Party 9192:Social Democrat Movement 9051:Democrat Union of Africa 9046:Caribbean Democrat Union 7104:"Policy Advisory Groups" 6707:Johnson, Norman (2014). 5492:"National Party founded" 5462:Miller, Raymond (2005). 5447:Miller, Raymond (2005). 5432:Miller, Raymond (2005). 5249:Raymond, Miller (2005). 3371:Leader of the Opposition 3328:Party leaders since 1936 2337:Fourth Labour Government 2099:Family First New Zealand 2026:Christian Heritage Party 1681:This article is part of 865:election later that year 476:House of Representatives 458:, the classical-liberal 286:Rōpū Nāhinara o Aotearoa 225:House of Representatives 29:Rōpū Nāhinara o Aotearoa 28: 9180:United Democratic Party 9156:Austrian People's Party 9061:European People's Party 9056:European Democrat Union 8976:United–Reform Coalition 7850:Politics of New Zealand 7817:Republic of New Zealand 6710:Mixed Economies Welfare 5576:"Election result, 1951" 4959:Politics of New Zealand 4245:served 2001–03; 2016–18 2481:(commonly known as the 2392:European New Zealanders 2349:state-owned enterprises 2317:First Labour Government 2270:, in opposition to the 2184:Conservatism portal 2164:Politics of New Zealand 2073:Organisations and media 1994:New Conservatives Party 1509:and Minister of Police 1119:and popularly known as 936:, and lost the ensuing 867:to Labour, then led by 703:United–Reform Coalition 256:Politics of New Zealand 170:Political position 100:United–Reform Coalition 9534:Bharatiya Janata Party 9366:Social Christian Party 9336:Dominica Freedom Party 9324:Civic Democratic Party 7729:Outdoors & Freedom 7491:The Years of Lightning 7431:. Electoral Commission 7405:. Electoral Commission 7383:. Electoral Commission 7361:. Electoral Commission 7339:. Electoral Commission 7317:. Electoral Commission 7295:. Electoral Commission 7273:. Electoral Commission 7248:. Electoral Commission 7082:The New Zealand Herald 6880:The New Zealand Herald 6853:The New Zealand Herald 6636:The New Zealand Herald 6383:The New Zealand Herald 6301:The New Zealand Herald 6099:The New Zealand Herald 5986:Plumb, Alison (2014). 5883:The New Zealand Herald 5834:The New Zealand Herald 5782:. Electoral Commission 5147:The New Zealand Herald 2415: 2297: 2196:New Zealand portal 1618: 1575:, replacing them with 1521:Opposition (2017–2023) 1364: 1266:Opposition (1999–2008) 1230: 1083: 1024: 962: 893: 825: 744: 294: 285: 82:; 88 years ago 9756:United National Party 8412:Taranaki-King Country 7512:Making of Rogernomics 7021:Stephens, Gregory R. 6688:Vowles, Jack (1987). 6658:Vowles, Jack (2013). 5149:. 21 September 2014. 4889:The First Fifty Years 2409: 2353:collective bargaining 2292: 2238:", encompassing both 2084:Citizens' Association 1672:Ideology and factions 1665:2023 general election 1613: 1543:2020 general election 1527:2017 general election 1481:2014 general election 1468:from 74% to 51%, and 1464:from 100% to 51% and 1381:confidence-and-supply 1359: 1225: 1208:Deputy Prime Minister 1078: 1022: 957: 888: 820: 769:Michael Joseph Savage 739: 721:Another factor was a 498:2023 general election 480:2020 general election 468:2017 general election 385:state interventionism 357:1949 general election 9897:Centre-right parties 9696:New Democratic Party 9684:United Workers Party 9546:Jamaica Labour Party 8858:Leadership elections 8725:National governments 8530:Kaipara ki Mahurangi 7589:(Victoria U.P, 2010) 7582:(Victoria U.P, 2007) 7514:(1989) on late 1980s 7457:(Victoria U.P, 2000) 6572:Electoral Commission 5886:. 8 September 2005. 5803:"Iwi/kiwi billboard" 5631:Brian Roper (1993). 5093:"Kahurangi National" 5006:(13 December 2016). 2475:environmental policy 2432:2002 election result 2111:Monarchy New Zealand 1485:general practitioner 1210:and had the post of 848:. Campaigning on an 344:against the growing 315:New Zealand politics 181:Regional affiliation 9450:New Patriotic Party 7719:Democratic Alliance 7056:on 21 December 2016 6574:. 3 November 2023. 6386:. 1 February 2021. 6022:. 20 September 2016 5387:. 14 October 2023. 5118:"Ngā Rōpū Pāremata" 4909:Conservatism portal 2463:current sitting MPs 2351:, the abolition of 2327:. In contrast, the 2264:economic liberalism 2046:Destiny New Zealand 2036:Christian Democrats 1781:Continuous Ministry 1723:Economic liberalism 1515:leadership election 1096:, who had replaced 1041:First Past the Post 971:Minister of Finance 780:replaced Hamilton. 611:Independents (1931) 543:for money and upon 484:Official Opposition 474:at the time in the 450:; it governed with 381:economic liberalism 110:41 Pipitea Street, 9804:Conservative Party 9732:People Power Party 9636:Conservative Party 9612:Conservative Party 9522:Independence Party 9474:New National Party 9288:Conservative Party 9240:Conservative Party 9106: 8076:Sir George Chapman 7827:Socialist Aotearoa 7453:Boston, Jonathan. 7185:. 21 November 2014 6639:. 28 November 2023 6548:. 30 November 2021 6522:. 25 November 2021 6130:. 13 February 2018 5967:. 17 December 2013 5919:. 19 November 2008 5047:on 6 February 2017 4951:New Zealand portal 4337:born 1959 (age 65) 4319:born 1968 (age 55) 4301:born 1976 (age 47) 4283:born 1961 (age 63) 4265:born 1940 (age 83) 4247:born 1961 (age 62) 4229:born 1952 (age 72) 4224:Dame Jenny Shipley 4211:born 1935 (age 89) 4193:born 1945 (age 79) 3508:20 September 1957 3463:20 September 1957 3044:introduced in 1996 2416: 2260:classical liberals 2121:New Zealand Legion 2041:Progressive Greens 2031:Conservative Party 1733:Limited government 1619: 1513:withdrew from the 1458:Mighty River Power 1365: 1315:Exclusive Brethren 1231: 1227:Dame Jenny Shipley 1189:United New Zealand 1084: 1043:electoral system. 1025: 963: 959:Sir Robert Muldoon 894: 890:Sir Keith Holyoake 838:Waterfront Dispute 826: 822:Sir Sidney Holland 745: 492:has served as the 454:from the centrist 350:time in government 9849: 9848: 9845: 9844: 9841: 9840: 9836: 9835: 9828:Project Venezuela 8990: 8989: 8720: 8719: 8554:West Coast-Tasman 8153:Christopher Luxon 8061:Sir Alex McKenzie 8044:Sir George Wilson 8023:Christopher Luxon 7858: 7857: 7802:New Zealand Loyal 7741:New Conservatives 7686:New Zealand First 7610:NZ National Party 6909:. 5 December 2016 6883:. 12 January 2007 6199:Radio New Zealand 6102:. 6 December 2016 6074:. 6 December 2016 6048:. 5 December 2016 5757:. 24 October 2017 5607:nzhistory.govt.nz 5496:nzhistory.govt.nz 5182:. 2 November 2018 4923:Liberalism portal 4885: 4884: 4633: 4632: 4209:served 1986–1997 4191:served 1984–1986 4168: 4167: 4157: 4136: 4123:30 November 2021 4112:Christopher Luxon 4103: 4095:25 November 2021 4072: 4041: 4030:27 February 2018 4003: 3986: 3978:27 February 2018 3975:12 December 2016 3948: 3938: 3930:12 December 2016 3927:27 November 2006 3907: 3899:27 November 2006 3876: 3838: 3821: 3783: 3753: 3722: 3711:29 November 1984 3684: 3667: 3646: 3638:29 November 1984 3608: 3591: 3553: 3536: 3519: 3481: 3471: 3460:26 November 1940 3424: 3416:26 November 1940 3320: 3319: 2504:Electoral results 2459:Christopher Luxon 2345:Sir Roger Douglas 2232: 2231: 2021:New Zealand Party 1989:New Zealand First 1643:elected unopposed 1631:Christopher Luxon 1623:Māori electorates 1615:Christopher Luxon 1558:Migration Compact 1531:New Zealand First 1489:same-sex marriage 1417:Labour Government 1383:support from the 1308:same-sex marriage 1193:New Zealand First 1123:, centred on the 902:elections of 1960 697: 696: 490:Christopher Luxon 425:New Zealand First 363:became the first 274: 273: 261:Political parties 61:Christopher Luxon 9904: 9826: 9825: 9816:Republican Party 9814: 9813: 9802: 9801: 9790: 9789: 9778: 9777: 9766: 9765: 9754: 9753: 9742: 9741: 9730: 9729: 9718: 9717: 9706: 9705: 9694: 9693: 9682: 9681: 9670: 9669: 9658: 9657: 9646: 9645: 9634: 9633: 9622: 9621: 9610: 9609: 9592: 9591: 9582:Democratic Party 9580: 9579: 9568: 9567: 9556: 9555: 9544: 9543: 9532: 9531: 9520: 9519: 9508: 9507: 9496: 9495: 9484: 9483: 9472: 9471: 9460: 9459: 9448: 9447: 9436: 9435: 9424: 9423: 9412: 9411: 9400: 9399: 9388: 9387: 9376: 9375: 9364: 9363: 9346: 9345: 9334: 9333: 9322: 9321: 9312:Democratic Rally 9310: 9309: 9300:Democratic Union 9298: 9297: 9286: 9285: 9274: 9273: 9264:National Renewal 9262: 9261: 9250: 9249: 9238: 9237: 9226: 9225: 9214: 9213: 9202: 9201: 9190: 9189: 9178: 9177: 9166: 9165: 9154: 9153: 9142: 9141: 9132:Palmavon Webster 9130: 9129: 9120:Democratic Party 9118: 9117: 9103: 9102: 9098: 9097: 9087: 9086: 9017: 9010: 9003: 8994: 8993: 8949:Related articles 8713: 8701: 8689: 8677: 8669:Tim van de Molen 8665: 8653: 8641: 8629: 8617: 8605: 8593: 8581: 8569: 8557: 8545: 8533: 8521: 8509: 8497: 8485: 8473: 8461: 8449: 8437: 8415: 8403: 8395:Dana Kirkpatrick 8391: 8379: 8362: 8350: 8338: 8326: 8314: 8302: 8290: 8278: 8261: 8249: 8237: 8225: 8213: 8201: 8189: 8161: 8143: 8142: 8139: 8134: 8117:Peter Goodfellow 8066:Jack Meadowcroft 8037: 8036:Party presidents 7909: 7904: 7894: 7885: 7878: 7871: 7862: 7861: 7639: 7632: 7625: 7616: 7615: 7574: 7553:Gustafson, Barry 7542:Gustafson, Barry 7518:Gustafson, Barry 7504: 7482: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7399: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 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3905: 3896:28 October 2003 3893: 3874: 3868:28 October 2003 3862: 3836: 3819: 3810:8 December 1997 3807: 3781: 3751: 3745:8 December 1997 3739: 3720: 3708: 3682: 3665: 3644: 3632: 3606: 3589: 3580:7 February 1972 3577: 3551: 3534: 3517: 3511:7 February 1972 3505: 3479: 3469: 3457: 3422: 3413:2 November 1936 3410: 3375: 3374: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3029: 3023: 3022: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2508: 2507: 2224: 2217: 2210: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2126:Taxpayers' Union 2061:The Family Party 1705: 1695: 1678: 1677: 1629:. Her successor 1507:Jonathan Coleman 1424:financial crisis 1369:general election 1098:Duncan MacIntyre 928:, replaced him. 712:Great Depression 636:coalition (1931) 560: 559: 297: 288:), shortened to 247: 232: 206: 102: 95:Preceded by 90: 88: 83: 80:14 May 1936 40: 21: 20: 9912: 9911: 9907: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9902: 9901: 9852: 9851: 9850: 9837: 9832: 9820: 9808: 9796: 9784: 9772: 9760: 9748: 9736: 9724: 9712: 9700: 9688: 9676: 9664: 9652: 9640: 9628: 9616: 9604: 9598: 9586: 9574: 9562: 9550: 9538: 9526: 9514: 9502: 9490: 9478: 9466: 9454: 9442: 9430: 9418: 9406: 9394: 9382: 9370: 9358: 9352: 9340: 9328: 9316: 9304: 9292: 9280: 9268: 9256: 9244: 9232: 9220: 9208: 9196: 9184: 9172: 9160: 9148: 9136: 9124: 9112: 9092: 9081: 9080: 9026: 9021: 8991: 8986: 8944: 8853: 8772:Shadow cabinets 8767: 8716: 8710:Banks Peninsula 8707: 8705:Vanessa Weenink 8695: 8683: 8671: 8659: 8647: 8638:East Coast Bays 8635: 8623: 8611: 8599: 8587: 8575: 8563: 8551: 8539: 8527: 8515: 8503: 8491: 8479: 8467: 8455: 8443: 8431: 8409: 8407:Barbara Kuriger 8397: 8385: 8373: 8356: 8344: 8332: 8320: 8308: 8296: 8284: 8282:Hamish Campbell 8272: 8255: 8243: 8231: 8219: 8207: 8195: 8183: 8172: 8155: 8137: 8136: 8132: 8126: 8056:Sir Wilfrid Sim 8035: 8029: 7907: 7906: 7902: 7896: 7892: 7889: 7859: 7854: 7840:Portal:Politics 7831: 7765: 7697: 7648: 7643: 7606: 7593:Russell, Marcia 7571: 7501: 7487:Chapman, George 7479: 7450: 7448:Further reading 7445: 7444: 7434: 7432: 7423: 7422: 7418: 7408: 7406: 7401: 7400: 7396: 7386: 7384: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7357: 7356: 7352: 7342: 7340: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7320: 7318: 7313: 7312: 7308: 7298: 7296: 7291: 7290: 7286: 7276: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7251: 7249: 7240: 7239: 7198: 7188: 7186: 7175: 7174: 7170: 7160: 7158: 7150: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7109: 7107: 7102: 7101: 7097: 7087: 7085: 7073: 7069: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7042: 7041: 7034: 7020: 7013: 7003: 7001: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6978: 6976: 6969: 6965: 6960: 6956: 6946: 6944: 6926: 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1791: 1776: 1768: 1767: 1748:Property rights 1713: 1693: 1691: 1674: 1661: 1655: 1601:electorate seat 1523: 1466:Air New Zealand 1454:Meridian Energy 1387:(5 seats), the 1354: 1348: 1268: 1164:hung parliament 1145:Ruth Richardson 1090: 1073: 986:interventionist 952: 946: 883: 877: 815: 809: 699: 698: 639: 525: 515: 510: 413:free enterprise 346:labour movement 270: 245:national.org.nz 243: 233: 230: 223: 204: 164: 161: 129:Young Nationals 98: 86: 84: 81: 31: 30: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9910: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9847: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9830: 9818: 9806: 9794: 9782: 9780:Moderate Party 9770: 9758: 9746: 9744:People's Party 9734: 9722: 9710: 9698: 9686: 9674: 9662: 9650: 9638: 9626: 9614: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9596: 9594:National Party 9584: 9572: 9560: 9548: 9536: 9524: 9512: 9500: 9498:National Party 9488: 9486:Unionist Party 9476: 9464: 9452: 9440: 9428: 9416: 9404: 9392: 9380: 9368: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9350: 9338: 9326: 9314: 9302: 9290: 9278: 9266: 9254: 9242: 9230: 9218: 9206: 9194: 9182: 9170: 9158: 9146: 9134: 9122: 9109: 9107: 9101: 9094: 9093: 9091:Member parties 9083: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9032: 9031: 9028: 9027: 9020: 9019: 9012: 9005: 8997: 8988: 8987: 8985: 8984: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8952: 8950: 8946: 8945: 8943: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8861: 8859: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8775: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8765: 8764:(2023–present) 8759: 8753: 8747: 8741: 8735: 8728: 8726: 8722: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8702: 8693:Catherine Wedd 8690: 8678: 8666: 8654: 8642: 8633:Erica Stanford 8630: 8618: 8606: 8597:Penny Simmonds 8594: 8585:Tom Rutherford 8582: 8570: 8558: 8546: 8534: 8522: 8510: 8498: 8486: 8474: 8462: 8450: 8438: 8429:Grant McCallum 8426: 8421: 8416: 8404: 8392: 8380: 8368: 8366:Paul Goldsmith 8363: 8351: 8339: 8327: 8315: 8306:Judith Collins 8303: 8291: 8279: 8270:Mike Butterick 8267: 8265:Gerry Brownlee 8262: 8250: 8241:Cameron Brewer 8238: 8226: 8214: 8202: 8190: 8181:Miles Anderson 8177: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8170: 8165: 8162: 8150: 8146: 8140: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8111: 8106: 8103: 8101:Geoff Thompson 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8050: 8045: 8041: 8039: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8026:(2021–present) 8019: 8016:Judith Collins 8013: 8007: 8001: 7993: 7985: 7979: 7973: 7965: 7957: 7951: 7947:Robert Muldoon 7943: 7935: 7931:Keith Holyoake 7927: 7923:Sidney Holland 7919: 7912: 7910: 7898: 7897: 7888: 7887: 7880: 7873: 7865: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7787:Leighton Baker 7784: 7779: 7773: 7771: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7761:Women's Rights 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7709:Animal Justice 7705: 7703: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7695: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7658: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7642: 7641: 7634: 7627: 7619: 7613: 7612: 7605: 7604:External links 7602: 7601: 7600: 7590: 7583: 7576: 7569: 7549: 7539: 7515: 7505: 7499: 7483: 7477: 7458: 7449: 7446: 7443: 7442: 7416: 7394: 7372: 7350: 7328: 7306: 7284: 7259: 7196: 7168: 7143: 7117: 7095: 7067: 7032: 7011: 6986: 6963: 6954: 6920: 6894: 6866: 6838: 6824: 6804: 6790: 6767: 6754: 6729: 6719: 6699: 6677: 6670: 6650: 6622: 6589: 6559: 6533: 6507: 6480: 6453: 6426: 6401: 6369: 6343: 6317: 6303:. 14 July 2020 6288: 6263: 6230: 6205: 6185: 6167: 6141: 6113: 6085: 6059: 6033: 6007: 5978: 5956: 5930: 5904: 5869: 5819: 5793: 5768: 5731: 5729:, p. 164. 5727:Gustafson 1986 5719: 5717:, p. 158. 5715:Gustafson 1986 5707: 5700: 5680: 5673: 5650: 5643: 5623: 5594: 5567: 5541: 5525: 5523:, p. 337. 5521:Gustafson 1986 5513: 5478: 5469: 5454: 5439: 5424: 5402: 5367: 5342: 5314: 5283: 5276: 5256: 5238: 5221: 5201: 5167: 5131: 5109: 5084: 5058: 5029: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4940: 4926: 4912: 4896: 4893: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4822: 4818: 4817: 4814: 4812:Geoff Thompson 4809: 4805: 4804: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4765: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4747:George Chapman 4744: 4740: 4739: 4736: 4731: 4727: 4726: 4723: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4660: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4601: 4599:Gerry Brownlee 4596: 4592: 4591: 4588: 4583: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4570: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4549: 4547:Gerry Brownlee 4544: 4540: 4539: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4458: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4404:Robert Muldoon 4401: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4380: 4378:Keith Holyoake 4375: 4371: 4370: 4367: 4365:William Polson 4362: 4358: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4344: 4343:Deputy leaders 4341: 4340: 4339: 4332:Judith Collins 4330: 4323: 4321: 4312: 4305: 4303: 4294: 4287: 4285: 4276: 4269: 4267: 4258: 4251: 4249: 4240: 4233: 4231: 4222: 4215: 4213: 4204: 4197: 4195: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4160: 4158: 4149: 4148: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4129: 4124: 4121: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4083: 4081:Judith Collins 4078: 4074: 4073: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4052: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4021: 4016: 4012: 4011: 4006: 4004: 3995: 3994: 3989: 3987: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3940: 3939: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3918: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3877: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3822: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3784: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3746: 3743: 3742:26 March 1986 3740: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3723: 3715: 3714:26 March 1986 3712: 3709: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3685: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3668: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3626: 3624:Robert Muldoon 3621: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3609: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3592: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3556: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3520: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3499: 3497:Keith Holyoake 3494: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3482: 3473: 3472: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3451: 3449:Sidney Holland 3446: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3425: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3404: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3363:Prime Minister 3346: National 3332:Main article: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3305: 3297: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3272: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3244: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3219: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3204: 3202: 3194: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3172: 3164: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3139: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3124: 3122: 3114: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3096: 3094: 3086: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3037: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3016: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2994: 2986: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2943: 2941: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2916: 2908: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2891: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2853: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2825: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2808: 2800: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2775: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2750: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2728: 2720: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2707: 2702: 2700: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2677: 2675: 2667: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2650: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2620: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2595: 2587: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2572: 2570: 2562: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2534: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2505: 2502: 2496:(IDU) and the 2403: 2400: 2383: 2380: 2321:Robert Muldoon 2288:Keith Holyoake 2268:anti-socialism 2230: 2229: 2227: 2226: 2219: 2212: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2186: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2116:National Front 2113: 2108: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2051:The Kiwi Party 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2016:Democrat Party 2013: 2008: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1984:National Party 1981: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1698: 1697: 1694:in New Zealand 1687: 1686: 1673: 1670: 1657:Main article: 1654: 1651: 1639:Simon O'Connor 1593:Gerry Brownlee 1589:Judith Collins 1552:Following the 1535:Winston Peters 1522: 1519: 1511:Judith Collins 1450:Genesis Energy 1391:(5 seats) and 1350:Main article: 1347: 1344: 1331:The Hollow Men 1267: 1264: 1197:Winston Peters 1086:Main article: 1072: 1069: 1048:Marilyn Waring 967:Robert Muldoon 948:Main article: 945: 942: 879:Main article: 876: 873: 861:Keith Holyoake 850:anti-communist 811:Main article: 808: 805: 782:William Polson 778:Sidney Holland 765:Prime Minister 727:Democrat Party 695: 693: 692: 689:National Party 686: 684: 682: 680: 677: 675: 674: 672: 670: 668: 666: 664: 662: 659: 658: 656: 654: 652: 650: 647: 646: 644: 642: 640: 638: 637: 634: 628: 626: 624: 622: 620: 618: 615: 613: 612: 609: 607: 605: 603: 601: 599: 597: 590: 588: 587: 581: 579: 577: 575: 573: 570: 568: 567: 558: 557: 531:(known as the 514: 511: 509: 506: 442:to 2017 under 389:Robert Muldoon 369:Keith Holyoake 365:prime minister 361:Sidney Holland 272: 271: 269: 268: 263: 258: 252: 249: 248: 240: 239: 235: 234: 229: 227: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 182: 178: 177: 172: 166: 165: 163: 162: 151: 140: 138: 132: 131: 126: 120: 119: 108: 104: 103: 96: 92: 91: 78: 74: 73: 68: 64: 63: 58: 52: 51: 46: 42: 41: 33: 32: 25: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9909: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9859: 9857: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9602: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9463: 9462:New Democracy 9458: 9453: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9145: 9144:Liberal Party 9140: 9135: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9104: 9099: 9095: 9088: 9084: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9018: 9013: 9011: 9006: 9004: 8999: 8998: 8995: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8966:Liberal Party 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8947: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8856: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8770: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8754: 8751: 8748: 8745: 8742: 8739: 8736: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8723: 8711: 8706: 8703: 8699: 8694: 8691: 8687: 8682: 8679: 8675: 8670: 8667: 8663: 8658: 8657:Louise Upston 8655: 8651: 8646: 8645:Sam Uffindell 8643: 8639: 8634: 8631: 8627: 8622: 8619: 8615: 8610: 8609:Scott Simpson 8607: 8603: 8598: 8595: 8591: 8590:Bay of Plenty 8586: 8583: 8579: 8574: 8571: 8567: 8562: 8561:Suze Redmayne 8559: 8555: 8550: 8547: 8543: 8542:Hamilton West 8538: 8535: 8531: 8526: 8523: 8519: 8514: 8511: 8507: 8502: 8499: 8495: 8490: 8489:Joseph Mooney 8487: 8483: 8478: 8477:Mark Mitchell 8475: 8471: 8466: 8463: 8459: 8454: 8453:David MacLeod 8451: 8447: 8442: 8439: 8435: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8413: 8408: 8405: 8401: 8396: 8393: 8389: 8388:Hamilton East 8384: 8383:Ryan Hamilton 8381: 8377: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8360: 8355: 8352: 8348: 8343: 8340: 8336: 8331: 8328: 8324: 8319: 8316: 8312: 8307: 8304: 8300: 8299:Mount Roskill 8295: 8294:Carlos Cheung 8292: 8288: 8283: 8280: 8276: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8259: 8254: 8251: 8247: 8246:Upper Harbour 8242: 8239: 8235: 8230: 8227: 8223: 8218: 8215: 8211: 8206: 8203: 8199: 8194: 8191: 8187: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8175: 8169: 8168:Nicola Willis 8166: 8164:Deputy leader 8163: 8159: 8154: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8144: 8141: 8135: 8129: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8109:Michelle Boag 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8096:Lindsay Tisch 8094: 8092: 8091:John Collinge 8089: 8087: 8086:Neville Young 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8048:Claude Weston 8046: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8032: 8025: 8024: 8020: 8017: 8014: 8011: 8008: 8005: 8004:Simon Bridges 8002: 7999: 7998: 7994: 7991: 7990: 7986: 7983: 7980: 7977: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7969:Jenny Shipley 7966: 7963: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7939:Jack Marshall 7936: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7920: 7917: 7916:Adam Hamilton 7914: 7913: 7911: 7905: 7903:Party leaders 7899: 7895: 7886: 7881: 7879: 7874: 7872: 7867: 7866: 7863: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7837: 7834: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7822:Rock the Vote 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7702:Unrepresented 7700: 7693: 7690: 7687: 7684: 7681: 7678: 7675: 7672: 7669: 7666: 7663: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7640: 7635: 7633: 7628: 7626: 7621: 7620: 7617: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7588: 7584: 7581: 7577: 7572: 7570:0-474-00177-6 7566: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7547: 7543: 7540: 7537: 7534: 7533:1-86940-236-7 7530: 7526: 7523: 7519: 7516: 7513: 7509: 7508:Easton, Brian 7506: 7502: 7500:0-589-01346-7 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7478:9780864734686 7474: 7470: 7466: 7465: 7459: 7456: 7452: 7451: 7430: 7426: 7420: 7404: 7398: 7382: 7376: 7360: 7354: 7338: 7332: 7316: 7310: 7294: 7288: 7269: 7263: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7172: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7131: 7127: 7121: 7105: 7099: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7071: 7052: 7045: 7039: 7037: 7030: 7027:, MA thesis, 7026: 7025: 7018: 7016: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6974: 6967: 6958: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6924: 6908: 6904: 6898: 6882: 6881: 6876: 6870: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6842: 6827: 6825:9781860114052 6821: 6817: 6816: 6808: 6793: 6791:9781869405175 6787: 6783: 6782: 6774: 6772: 6764: 6758: 6743: 6739: 6733: 6726: 6722: 6720:9781317903802 6716: 6712: 6711: 6703: 6696: 6691: 6684: 6682: 6673: 6671:9781869407162 6667: 6663: 6662: 6654: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6626: 6610: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6593: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6563: 6547: 6543: 6537: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6484: 6469: 6468: 6463: 6457: 6442: 6441: 6436: 6430: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6373: 6358: 6354: 6347: 6332: 6328: 6321: 6314: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6219: 6215: 6209: 6201: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6181: 6177: 6171: 6156: 6152: 6145: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6117: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6089: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6021: 6017: 6011: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5966: 5960: 5945:. 25 May 2010 5944: 5940: 5934: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5873: 5865: 5859: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5823: 5808: 5804: 5797: 5781: 5775: 5773: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5728: 5723: 5716: 5711: 5703: 5701:9781869405175 5697: 5693: 5692: 5684: 5676: 5674:9780199240876 5670: 5666: 5665: 5657: 5655: 5646: 5644:9780195582734 5640: 5636: 5635: 5627: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5571: 5556: 5552: 5545: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5522: 5517: 5502:. 17 May 2017 5501: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5473: 5465: 5458: 5450: 5443: 5435: 5428: 5412: 5406: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5374: 5372: 5356: 5352: 5346: 5331: 5327: 5321: 5319: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5279: 5277:9780857937810 5273: 5269: 5268: 5260: 5252: 5245: 5243: 5235: 5224: 5222:9780774827867 5218: 5214: 5213: 5205: 5198: 5193: 5192:Science Daily 5181: 5177: 5171: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5138: 5136: 5119: 5113: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5073: 5069: 5062: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5034: 5026: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4990: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4941: 4938: 4932: 4927: 4924: 4918: 4913: 4910: 4899: 4892: 4890: 4881:2022–present 4880: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4839: 4838:Michelle Boag 4836: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4802: 4800: 4799:Lindsay Tisch 4797: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4787: 4786:John Collinge 4784: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4774: 4773:Neville Young 4771: 4768: 4767: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4709: 4708:Alex McKenzie 4706: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4672: 4671:Claude Weston 4669: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4659: 4658:George Wilson 4656: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4629:2021–present 4628: 4626: 4625:Nicola Willis 4623: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4574: 4573:Paula Bennett 4571: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4420: 4418: 4417:Brian Talboys 4415: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4392: 4391:Jack Marshall 4389: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4333: 4327: 4322: 4315: 4309: 4304: 4297: 4296:Simon Bridges 4291: 4286: 4279: 4273: 4268: 4261: 4255: 4250: 4243: 4237: 4232: 4225: 4219: 4214: 4207: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4188:Sir Jim McLay 4183: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4164: 4161: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4119: 4113: 4106: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4092:14 July 2020 4091: 4088: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4069: 4066: 4064:14 July 2020 4063: 4060: 4057: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4022: 4020: 4019:Simon Bridges 4017: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3983: 3980: 3971: 3965: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3935: 3932: 3923: 3917: 3910: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3818: 3815: 3806: 3800: 3799:Jenny Shipley 3793: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3750: 3738: 3732: 3725: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3643: 3631: 3625: 3618: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3588: 3585: 3576: 3570: 3569:Jack Marshall 3563: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3516: 3513: 3504: 3498: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3456: 3450: 3443: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3421: 3409: 3403: 3402:Adam Hamilton 3396: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3340: 3335: 3316: 3313: 3306: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3281: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3253: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3228: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3203: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3183: 3173: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3148: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3123: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3095: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3065: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3025: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2995: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2970: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2942: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2917: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2892: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2862: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2809: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2784: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2759: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2739: 2729: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2676: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2651: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2621: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2596: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2571: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2543: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2517:Total % 2516: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2421: 2413: 2408: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2379: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2313:protectionism 2310: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2295:interference. 2291: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2280:welfare state 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2187: 2185: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2003: 2002: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1967: 1966: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1796: 1795: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1753:Protectionism 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1728:Law and order 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1669: 1666: 1660: 1650: 1648: 1647:Nicola Willis 1644: 1640: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597:2020 election 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:Paula Bennett 1570: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1547:Simon Bridges 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409:Pita Sharples 1406: 1405:Tāriana Turia 1402: 1398: 1394: 1393:United Future 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1343: 1341: 1340:child poverty 1337: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1304:anti-abortion 1301: 1300:2005 election 1297: 1293: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1276:2002 election 1273: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1218: 1217:Jenny Shipley 1213: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1201:1996 election 1198: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1180:Peter Tapsell 1177: 1173: 1172:special votes 1169: 1165: 1161: 1160:1993 election 1156: 1154: 1153:Liberal Party 1150: 1146: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1125:privatisation 1122: 1118: 1117:Roger Douglas 1114: 1110: 1109:1990 election 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1089: 1081: 1077: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1021: 1017: 1015: 1014:Brian Talboys 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002:Derek Quigley 999: 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 979:1975 election 976: 972: 968: 960: 956: 951: 941: 939: 935: 929: 927: 926:Jack Marshall 922: 921:Social Credit 918: 914: 910: 905: 903: 899: 891: 887: 882: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 857:1954 election 853: 851: 847: 846:snap election 843: 839: 836:In 1951, the 834: 832: 831:welfare state 823: 819: 814: 804: 802: 801:1949 election 798: 797:1946 election 794: 793:1943 election 789: 787: 783: 779: 775: 770: 766: 762: 761:Gordon Coates 758: 757:Adam Hamilton 754: 753:George Forbes 750: 742: 741:Adam Hamilton 738: 734: 732: 728: 724: 719: 717: 713: 708: 707:1935 election 704: 694: 690: 678: 676: 660: 657: 648: 643: 635: 633: 632:United–Reform 630: 629: 621: 619: 616: 614: 595: 591: 589: 585: 571: 569: 565: 564:Liberal Party 561: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 533:Liberal Party 530: 524: 520: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 456:United Future 453: 449: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 429:Jenny Shipley 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 353: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 311:major parties 308: 305: 301: 296: 291: 287: 283: 279: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 250: 246: 241: 236: 228: 226: 220: 216: 212: 209: 203: 199: 196: 193: 189: 186: 183: 179: 176: 173: 171: 167: 159: 155: 152: 149: 145: 142: 141: 139: 137: 133: 130: 127: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 79: 75: 72: 71:Nicola Willis 69: 67:Deputy Leader 65: 62: 59: 57: 53: 50: 47: 43: 39: 34: 22: 19: 9593: 8983:(youth wing) 8961:United Party 8956:Reform Party 8621:Stuart Smith 8602:Invercargill 8549:Maureen Pugh 8482:Whangaparāoa 8465:James Meager 8458:New Plymouth 8371:Nicola Grigg 8354:Paulo Garcia 8347:Maungakiekie 8342:Greg Fleming 8253:Simeon Brown 8229:Chris Bishop 8210:Port Waikato 8205:Andrew Bayly 8021: 7997:Bill English 7995: 7987: 7976:Bill English 7967: 7959: 7945: 7937: 7929: 7921: 7891: 7770:Unregistered 7661: 7596: 7586: 7579: 7561:Reed Methuen 7559:. 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Retrieved 5405: 5393:. Retrieved 5382: 5358:. Retrieved 5354: 5345: 5333:. Retrieved 5305:. Retrieved 5299: 5292:James, Colin 5286: 5266: 5259: 5250: 5233: 5226:. Retrieved 5211: 5204: 5195: 5190:– via 5184:. Retrieved 5170: 5158:. Retrieved 5146: 5122:. Retrieved 5112: 5100:. Retrieved 5096: 5087: 5075:. Retrieved 5071: 5061: 5049:. Retrieved 5045:the original 5024: 5017:. Retrieved 5011: 5004:James, Colin 4888: 4886: 4560:Bill English 4508:Bill English 4495:Wyatt Creech 4482:Don McKinnon 4278:Sir John Key 4174: 4162: 4156:2023–present 4152: 4131: 4126: 4098: 4067: 4061:22 May 2020 4036: 4033:22 May 2020 3998: 3991: 3981: 3964:Bill English 3953: 3943: 3933: 3902: 3871: 3854:Bill English 3833: 3826: 3816: 3788: 3778: 3748: 3717: 3679: 3672: 3662: 3641: 3635:4 July 1974 3603: 3596: 3586: 3583:4 July 1974 3558: 3548: 3531: 3524: 3514: 3486: 3476: 3466: 3419: 3366: 3358: 3338: 3337: 3040: 2514:Party votes 2491: 2487:ginger group 2482: 2471: 2452: 2440: 2425: 2417: 2402:Organisation 2385: 2373: 2298: 2293: 2276: 2272:Labour Party 2240:conservative 2236:broad church 2233: 2103: 2011:United Party 2006:Reform Party 1999: 1998: 1983: 1973: 1692:Conservatism 1675: 1662: 1635: 1620: 1562: 1551: 1524: 1503:Bill English 1500: 1493: 1478: 1462:Solid Energy 1447: 1436: 1428:Bill English 1421: 1366: 1361:Sir John Key 1329: 1319: 1312: 1288: 1284:Reserve Bank 1272:Bill English 1269: 1260:Jim Anderton 1250:to Labour's 1244:Alamein Kopu 1232: 1205: 1157: 1141: 1106: 1091: 1052:Mike Minogue 1045: 1026: 983: 975:Bill Rowling 964: 930: 906: 895: 854: 835: 827: 790: 746: 720: 716:Labour Party 700: 688: 594:United Party 584:Reform Party 545:middle class 537:Reform Party 529:United Party 526: 488: 448:Bill English 437: 419:election in 354: 326:conservative 323: 319:Labour Party 304:centre-right 299: 289: 277: 275: 175:Centre-right 144:Conservatism 107:Headquarters 18: 8686:North Shore 8681:Simon Watts 8537:Tama Potaka 8513:Katie Nimon 8501:Rima Nakhle 8441:Todd McClay 8419:Melissa Lee 8335:Waimakariri 8330:Matt Doocey 8318:Tim Costley 8122:Sylvia Wood 8105:John Slater 8052:Alex Gordon 8018:(2020–2021) 8010:Todd Muller 8006:(2018–2020) 8000:(2016–2018) 7992:(2006–2016) 7984:(2003–2006) 7978:(2001–2003) 7972:(1997–2001) 7964:(1986–1997) 7956:(1984–1986) 7950:(1974–1984) 7942:(1972–1974) 7934:(1957–1972) 7926:(1940–1957) 7918:(1936–1940) 7812:Progressive 7807:Not A Party 7777:DemocracyNZ 7152:"Our Story" 6907:The Spinoff 6815:New Zealand 6797:25 November 6747:26 December 6643:28 November 6582:20 November 6552:30 November 6500:25 November 6473:25 November 6446:25 November 6160:27 February 6134:13 February 6046:Stuff.co.nz 6020:The Beehive 5971:14 December 5943:scoop.co.nz 5755:Stuff.co.nz 5102:11 December 5077:4 September 5019:9 September 4877:Sylvia Wood 4825:John Slater 4695:Wilfrid Sim 4683:Alex Gordon 4521:Roger Sowry 4469:George Gair 4317:served 2020 4314:Todd Muller 4050:Todd Muller 3261:Opposition 3103:Opposition 2950:Opposition 2842:Opposition 2709:Opposition 2551:Opposition 2467:Sylvia Wood 2457:(currently 2341:Rogernomics 2333:free-market 2252:libertarian 2105:Investigate 1799:Politicians 1788:(pre–1930s) 1758:Rule of law 1718:Agrarianism 1663:During the 1577:Todd Muller 1567:during the 1539:Green Party 1413:Peter Dunne 1401:Heather Roy 1397:Rodney Hide 1389:Māori Party 1373:Helen Clark 1326:Nicky Hager 1252:Helen Clark 1121:Rogernomics 1065:David Lange 990:free-market 934:Norman Kirk 898:1958 Budget 869:Walter Nash 731:Albert Davy 723:third party 464:Māori Party 409:free-market 342:a coalition 158:New Zealand 148:New Zealand 49:Sylvia Wood 9856:Categories 9624:VMRO–DPMNE 9276:Kuomintang 8981:Young Nats 8829:English II 8794:Muldoon II 8614:Coromandel 8573:Shane Reti 8566:Rangitīkei 8525:Chris Penk 8400:East Coast 8234:Hutt South 8217:Dan Bidois 8193:Carl Bates 7961:Jim Bolger 7797:Money Free 7746:New Nation 7654:Parliament 7435:7 November 7409:22 October 7387:22 October 7365:22 October 7343:22 October 7321:22 October 7299:22 October 7277:22 October 7252:2 November 7161:22 January 7156:Young Nats 7126:"About Us" 6887:5 February 6859:5 February 6831:5 February 6615:19 October 6394:1 February 6362:2 February 6127:Scoop News 6106:6 December 6078:6 December 6052:5 December 6026:5 February 5897:14 October 5848:14 October 5761:26 October 5587:3 February 5539:Adams 1980 5476:Adams 1980 5417:2 February 5395:19 October 5228:12 October 5160:5 November 4985:References 4868:2009–2022 4855:2002–2009 4842:2001–2002 4829:1998–2001 4816:1994–1998 4790:1989–1994 4777:1986–1989 4764:1982–1986 4751:1973–1982 4738:1966–1973 4725:1962–1966 4712:1951–1962 4699:1944–1951 4686:1940–1944 4675:1936–1940 4616:2020–2021 4612:Shane Reti 4586:Nikki Kaye 4577:2016–2020 4564:2006–2016 4551:2003–2006 4534:Nick Smith 4525:2001–2003 4499:1997–2001 4486:1987–1997 4473:1986–1987 4460:1984–1986 4456:Jim Bolger 4434:1981–1984 4421:1974–1981 4408:1972–1974 4395:1957–1972 4382:1946–1957 4369:1940–1946 4206:Jim Bolger 3731:Jim Bolger 3323:Leadership 3296:1,085,016 3243:1,152,075 3218:1,131,501 3193:1,058,638 3163:1,053,398 2520:Seats won 2483:Young Nats 2428:electorate 2420:grassroots 2382:Voter base 2371:position. 2357:Ruthanasia 1870:Richardson 1743:Monarchism 1712:Principles 1605:Shane Reti 1581:Nikki Kaye 1310:policies. 1149:Ruthanasia 1113:Jim Bolger 1102:Jim Bolger 1080:Jim Bolger 1061:inebriated 1037:leadership 1010:Jim Bolger 994:Bill Birch 749:Wellington 729:formed by 541:businesses 517:See also: 405:Jim Bolger 355:After the 222:MPs in the 154:Liberalism 124:Youth wing 116:Wellington 87:1936-05-14 9216:Democrats 8971:Teal Deal 8935:July 2020 8814:English I 8789:Muldoon I 8758:(2008–17) 8752:(1990–99) 8746:(1975–84) 8740:(1960–72) 8734:(1949–57) 8578:Whangārei 8494:Southland 8470:Rangitata 8434:Northland 8275:Wairarapa 8258:Pakuranga 8222:Northcote 8198:Whanganui 8113:Judy Kirk 7982:Don Brash 7954:Jim McLay 7782:Heartland 7004:15 August 6979:15 August 6942:0261-3077 6251:0261-3077 5892:1170-0777 5858:cite news 5843:1170-0777 5812:15 August 5616:15 August 5560:15 August 5384:Nine News 5355:NZ Herald 5335:7 October 5155:1170-0777 4851:Judy Kirk 4443:Jim McLay 4260:Don Brash 4135:2021–2023 4127:Incumbent 4102:2020–2021 4040:2018–2020 4002:2017–2018 3985:2016–2017 3947:2008–2016 3937:2006–2008 3906:2003–2006 3885:Don Brash 3875:2001–2003 3837:1999–2001 3820:1997–1999 3782:1990–1997 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