599:(c) Maintain active patrol operations across the OWEN STANLEY RANGE in the direction of LAE—SALAMAUA and BUNA-GONA. Prepare at the earliest practicable date, assisted by transport and other aviation of the Allied Air Forces, a striking force of at least two battalions eastward of the crest of the OWEN STANLEY RANGE along the route, PORT MORESBY-KOKODA, and capture the KOKODA aerodrome. The eventual objective of this force, upon later orders from this headquarters, in conjunction with other forces is to capture the BUNA-GONA area. Maintain and augment present forces operating from the vicinity of WAU and BULOLO, continue harassing attacks against and be prepared in conjunction with other forces, on later orders from this headquarters, to assist in the capture of LAE and SALAMAUA.
28:
619:
579:
602:(d) Develop at the earliest practicable date in the vicinity of MILNE BAY an amphibious force, equipped with small boats, for coastwise operations. With the amphibious force and overland detachment, and in conjunction with Allied Air Forces, operate along the northeast coast of NEW GUINEA with the objective of securing the coast line from EAST CAPE to TUFI inclusive and be prepared, in conjunction with other forces upon later orders from this headquarters, to assist in the capture of the BUNA-GONA area.
432:
force to defend the coastal approaches to Milne Bay and Port
Moresby. Construction of the airstrip commenced on 8 June 1942, with Nos. 76 and 75 Squadrons arriving in late July. In late August, a Japanese amphibious force attacked in an effort to capture the airfield, but miscalculated the number of Allied troops and were eventually pushed back into the sea and forced to retreat the following month. This was the first major defeat of Japanese land forces in the region.
924:
936:
256:
596:(b) Prevent further hostile penetration into AUSTRALIAN NEW GUINEA and in conjunction with the Allied Air Forces, maintain active reconnaissance and deny Japanese use of sea and land areas adjacent to PORT MORESBY, MILNE BAY and the island groups to the north and southeastward of the latter. Prevent at all costs penetration of the Japanese to the southeastward of the crest of the OWEN STANLEY RANGE.
431:
While
Australian forces were fighting a rearguard action on the Kokoda Track to prevent the Japanese from reaching Port Moresby, the 4th Brigade of the 3rd Division was sent to Milne Bay in April 1942 to assist protect and expand the airfield there, in anticipation of the creation of an amphibious
275:
mandate under which the former German territories were administered. Small, mostly ad hoc units of lightly trained men were spread across the region. The
Australian Government made the decision to move small units to strategic locations to assist the defence. This included elements of the
461:
After a disastrous start by the inexperienced and inadequately trained US 32nd
Infantry Division, the advance was restarted by the Australian 7th Division, with Gona falling in December 1942, Buna in January 1943, and Sanananda (between the two larger villages) later that same month.
446:
In late-September, 1942, the
Australian forces began pushing the Japanese back toward Buna. The retreat of the Japanese forces quickly became a rout, with many falling to starvation, illness and the environment, as well as Australian attacks.
476:
Despite achieving tactical surprise by approaching from an unexpected direction, after a trek over the mountains from Lae, the
Japanese attackers were unable to capture Wau, as the Australian defenders had been greatly reinforced by air.
1012:
The 3rd
Division initially moved to New Guinea composed of the 4th and 15th Brigades. These brigades were sent to Milne Bay and Port Moresby respectively, and Kanga Force (predominantly the 17th Brigade) was placed into the
1942:
611:
Over the course of the force's existence, its order of battle changed a number of times as various divisions and brigades were force assigned or reallocated. The following units were attached at various times:
224:, placed all Australian and US Army, Air Force and Navy Forces in the Port Moresby Area under the control of New Guinea Force. Over the course of its existence, New Guinea Force was commanded by some of the
329:
was transferred from
Queensland to Port Moresby and on 15 August 1942 became known as Headquarters New Guinea Force (HQ NG Force). Corps troops and two brigades of 7th Division subsequently moved in.
515:, taking the town with simultaneous drives from the east and north-west. The Salamaua garrison withdrew, and it was captured on 11 September 1943, while Lae fell shortly afterwards on 16 September.
1003:
The 49th
Battalion was based in Port Moresby from March 1941. It was placed under command of the 30th Brigade in January 1942 before being disbanded due to reduction in strength on 3 July 1943.
2210:
340:, was dispatched to Port Moresby, from where they would help reinforce the 39th Battalion, which were fighting a rearguard action on the Kokoda Track. Around the same time, the
2230:
2215:
1961:
322:
in command. This force subsequently replaced the 8th
Military District as the formation responsible for all Australian forces in the territories of Papua and New Guinea.
2091:
2225:
216:
after it returned from the Middle East, it was responsible for planning and directing all operations within the territory up until October 1944. General Headquarters
2015:
318:; however, in April 1942, an Army-wide reorganisation was undertaken which saw the establishment of a new command – New Guinea Force – with Major General
1022:
During this time, Blamey was in command though Herring was nominally commander – when Blamey left in January 1943, Herring officially took control again.
1815:
1641:
2220:
2079:
398:. The 4th Brigade of the 3rd Division was reassigned to the 5th Division and was later replaced within the division by the 29th Brigade.
1589:
2205:
1530:
2073:
367:
Further formations from I Corps were rotated through the New Guinea theatre of operations under the command of New Guinea Force:
1760:
682:
2136:
1987:
1955:
1884:
1804:
1785:
1749:
1730:
1711:
1684:
1625:
687:
1566:
1944:
The Foundations of Victory: The Pacific War 1943–1944. Proceedings of the 2003 Chief of Army's Military History Conference
2181:
259:
The 8th Military District, showing the Territory of Papua and the Territory of New Guinea (including the New Hebrides)
2162:
2059:
2023:
1903:
1896:
Allied Air Transport Operations South West Pacific Area in WWII, Volume 2: 1943 – Year of Expansion and Consolidation
1865:
1661:
1606:
1555:
626:
315:
217:
360:, supported by the Royal Australian Air Force and US engineers. The fighting which followed came to be known as the
806:
1941:
Mallett, Ross (2003). "Logistics in the South West Pacific 1943–1944". In Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey (eds.).
1834:
593:(a) Protect the operation of Allied Air Forces operating from and through air bases in AUSTRALIAN NEW GUINEA.
27:
357:
643:
618:
586:
As per GHQ SWPA Operations Instructions No.15, Section 9, dated 6 August 1942 (reproduced here in full):
1676:
812:
311:
307:
303:
288:, and fought alongside Dutch forces there, but like most other minor garrisons were soon overwhelmed.
1853:
793:
636:
2119:
1654:
On Shaggy Ridge –The Australian Seventh Division in the Ramu Valley: From Kaiapit to the Finisterres
787:
777:
766:
760:
746:
741:
726:
717:
712:
706:
697:
500:
395:
391:
376:
341:
333:
292:
277:
973:
735:
456:
404:
In August 1944, the 3rd Division's brigades were withdrawn back to Australia and assigned to the
384:
353:
197:
209:
62:
2069:
816:
535:
504:
486:
441:
147:
122:
102:
2034:
2179:
Report on Historical Sources on Australia and Japan at war in Papua and New Guinea, 1942–45
2003:
1921:
1031:
900:
830:
821:
405:
263:
At the outbreak of hostilities, Australia did not have forces in place for the defence of
8:
1035:
825:
673:
568:
426:
372:
361:
326:
213:
201:
127:
117:
92:
220:
Operational Instruction No.7 of 25 May 1942, issued by Commander-Allied-Forces, General
2107:
1635:
843:
193:
1568:
Establishment of New Guinea Force and Miscellaneous GHQ Correspondence Relative to NGF
2158:
2132:
2083:
2055:
2019:
1991:
1951:
1929:
1909:
1899:
1880:
1861:
1826:
1800:
1781:
1745:
1726:
1707:
1690:
1680:
1657:
1621:
1602:
1583:
1551:
940:
546:
508:
272:
221:
137:
2190:
928:
499:, a series of actions followed over the course of several months as the Australian
1981:
2185:
2008:
1649:
886:
578:
401:
From January to May 1944, the brigades of the 7th Division returned to Australia.
237:
225:
170:
72:
1950:. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Army History Unit. pp. 102–117.
906:
896:
864:
667:
557:
524:
512:
507:. Keeping up the pressure around Salamaua, in early September they launched an
496:
345:
233:
174:
142:
33:
2178:
417:
The subsequent major engagements were fought by units under New Guinea Force:
2199:
2087:
1995:
1913:
1858:
The Silent 7th: An Illustrated History of the 7th Australian Division 1940–46
1694:
858:
492:
471:
296:
285:
244:
229:
166:
132:
1830:
1933:
965:
851:
773:
The divisions assigned to New Guinea Force at the end of hostilities were:
380:
337:
319:
268:
205:
112:
280:, consisting mainly of men from the 2/6th Field Company, on the transport
1038:, assuming the NGF name and role while the existing NGF HQ was broken up.
969:
873:
781:
750:
2054:. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military Historical Publications.
264:
314:. Initially, all Australian forces in New Guinea had been part of the
32:
An Australian soldier, Private George "Dick" Whittington, is aided by
1601:. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military History Publications.
375:, and in early 1943 the 3rd Division arrived in New Guinea, with the
349:
189:
2075:
Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area Volume II – Part I
1797:
Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army
1742:
Always Faithful: A History of the 49th Infantry Battalion, 1916–1982
255:
1396:
1259:
1725:(1st ed.). St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
892:
January 1944 – April 1944: Lieutenant General Sir Leslie Morshead
291:
Prior to the formation of New Guinea Force, in January 1942, the
1823:
Signalman: The Magazine of the Royal Australian Corps of Signals
1548:
To Kokoda And Beyond – The Story of the 39th Battalion 1941–1943
582:
Australian troops at Milne Bay in 1942, shortly after the battle
879:
August 1943 – January 1944: Lieutenant General Sir Iven Mackay
503:
advanced north-east towards Salamaua, including an amphibious
247:
also commanded the force in 1942 while based in Port Moresby.
2052:
Defenders of Australia: The 3rd Australian Division 1916–1991
1324:
82:
2155:
The Australian Army: A History of its Organisation 1901–2001
1618:
5 Australian Machine Gun Battalion (AIF) Torres Strait Force
1097:
1095:
2211:
Military units and formations of Australia in World War II
1483:
2016:
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
1278:
1276:
1274:
1172:
1092:
371:
In April 1942, the 3rd Division had been assigned to the
356:, which was defending the airfield at the eastern tip of
1983:
South–West Pacific Area – First Year: Kokoda to Wau
1247:
1124:
1080:
809:– the most highly decorated signals unit of World War II
36:
orderly Raphael Oimbari, near Buna on 25 December 1942.
1988:
Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army
1447:
1420:
1408:
622:
GHQ Southwest Pacific Area Operational Instruction No.7
2157:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
1656:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
1495:
1471:
1312:
1288:
1271:
1223:
1211:
1199:
964:
Whittington died in February 1943 from the effects of
1437:
1435:
1336:
1160:
1051:
854:– Became ANGAU commander after the arrival of I Corps
295:
was deployed to New Guinea arriving on the troopship
2231:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
2216:
Military units and formations of the Australian Army
1673:
The Battle for Wau: New Guinea's Frontline 1942–1943
1507:
1360:
1300:
1235:
1372:
1348:
1148:
1136:
2007:
1990:. Vol. 5. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
1860:. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
1706:. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
1432:
1070:
1068:
1066:
2226:Military units and formations established in 1942
2018:. Vol. 6. Edison, New Jersey: Castle Books.
1550:. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press.
863:September 1942 – August 1943: Lieutenant General
2197:
1928:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications.
1744:. Brisbane, Queensland: Boolarong Publications.
1459:
1720:
1402:
1265:
1063:
1794:
1704:A Bastard of a Place: The Australians in Papua
1330:
1189:
1187:
495:, which was followed up by an advance towards
2080:United States Army Center of Military History
1825:(3). Hampton, Victoria: Magazine Art: 43–47.
1114:
1112:
1110:
633:49th Infantry Battalion – Port Moresby, Papua
857:August – September 1942: Lieutenant General
589:9. The mission of the "NEW GUINEA FORCE" is
1184:
911:1944–45: Lieutenant General Leslie Morshead
738:later replaced by the 29th Infantry Brigade
192:, United States and native troops from the
2068:
1879:. Elite # 153. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
1780:. Melbourne, Victoria: Allara Publishing.
1758:
1640:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1620:(2nd ed.). Kareela, New South Wales.
1501:
1378:
1107:
26:
1795:Harries, Meirion; Harries, Susie (1991).
1979:
1898:. Buderim, Queensland: Robert H. Kelly.
1874:
1852:
1775:
1739:
1723:The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles
1477:
1426:
1414:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1178:
1130:
1086:
1057:
850:Early 1941 – August 1942: Major General
617:
577:
254:
2191:The War in Papua: The Strategic Context
2152:
2049:
2002:
1940:
1816:"New Guinea Air Warning Wireless (AIF)"
1670:
1648:
1489:
1342:
1318:
1294:
1282:
1166:
1101:
451:Buna–Gona: November 1942 – January 1943
2198:
1813:
1588:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
1545:
1513:
1142:
796:composed of the 7th and 15th Brigades.
790:composed of the 4th and 29th Brigades.
683:Torres Strait Light Infantry Battalion
629:– Rabaul, New Hebrides and New Guinea
509:airborne assault on Nadzab (see below)
228:'s most notable commanders, including
2126:
1920:
1893:
1721:Coulthard-Clark, Christopher (1998).
1701:
1390:
1384:
1366:
1354:
1306:
1253:
1241:
1154:
513:seaborne landing near Lae (see below)
2221:Military history of Papua New Guinea
2094:from the original on 8 February 2009
1615:
1596:
1564:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1074:
976:104028 collection reference number.)
481:Salamaua-Lae: April - September 1943
412:
2035:"I Australian Corps – Unit History"
1877:The Australian Army in World War II
1531:"Remembering the War in New Guinea"
13:
2146:
1778:The Lineage of the Australian Army
606:
530:Landing at Nassau Bay: August 1943
421:Milne Bay: August – September 1942
14:
2242:
2172:
842:The following officers served as
541:Landing at Nadzab: September 1943
519:Battle of Mubo: March - July 1943
344:, under the command of Brigadier
208:. Formed in April 1942, when the
2206:Papua New Guinea in World War II
934:
922:
800:
767:29th Australian Infantry Brigade
747:17th Australian Infantry Brigade
742:15th Australian Infantry Brigade
718:25th Australian Infantry Brigade
713:21st Australian Infantry Brigade
707:18th Australian Infantry Brigade
188:was a military command unit for
2129:New Guinea: The Tide Is Stemmed
2032:
1528:
1193:
1118:
1025:
1016:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
895:April 1944: Lieutenant General
807:New Guinea Air Warning Wireless
736:4th Australian Infantry Brigade
394:arrived in New Guinea with the
212:was formed from the Australian
2131:. New York: Ballantine Books.
2010:Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier
958:
552:Landing at Lae: September 1943
1:
1522:
883:November 1943 – January 1944:
837:
650:January 1942 – 30th Brigade
615:Headquarters – Port Moresby
436:Kokoda: July – November 1942
7:
915:
784:including the 17th Brigade.
725:Early 1943 – August 1944 –
644:New Guinea Volunteer Rifles
10:
2247:
1926:South West Pacific 1941–45
1799:. New York: Random House.
1677:Cambridge University Press
1331:Harries & Harries 1991
573:
566:
555:
544:
533:
522:
484:
469:
454:
439:
424:
310:, and took command of the
250:
1980:McCarthy, Dudley (1959).
1894:Kelly, Robert H. (2006).
1776:Festberg, Alfred (1972).
1671:Bradley, Phillip (2008).
1533:. Australian War Memorial
905:1944: Lieutenant General
696:August 1942 – May 1944 –
688:5th Machine Gun Battalion
637:Papuan Infantry Battalion
160:
155:
108:
98:
88:
78:
68:
57:
49:
41:
25:
20:
2153:Palazzo, Albert (2001).
2050:Palazzo, Albert (2002).
994:South West Pacific Area
946:
870:January 1943 – May 1943:
308:53rd Infantry Battalions
2184:4 February 2012 at the
1875:Johnston, Mark (2007).
1740:Cranston, Fred (1983).
1675:. Melbourne, Victoria:
1546:Austin, Victor (1988).
885:Lieutenant General Sir
872:Lieutenant General Sir
660:53rd Infantry Battalion
657:39th Infantry Battalion
646:– Rabaul and New Guinea
312:49th Infantry Battalion
2070:Willoughby, Charles A.
1702:Brune, Peter (2004) .
623:
583:
260:
218:Southwest Pacific Area
2004:Morison, Samuel Eliot
985:General Headquarters
941:New Guinea portal
846:of New Guinea Force:
833:– Battle of Milne Bay
639:– Port Moresby, Papua
627:8th Military District
621:
581:
536:Landing at Nassau Bay
505:landing at Nassau Bay
491:After the successful
487:Salamaua-Lae campaign
442:Kokoda Track campaign
316:8th Military District
258:
210:Australian First Army
148:Salamaua-Lae campaign
123:Kokoda Track campaign
103:First Australian Army
2127:Vader, John (1971).
1403:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1266:Coulthard-Clark 1998
929:Australia portal
390:In August 1943, the
194:Territories of Papua
1814:Jacoby, A. (1979).
1599:Torres Strait Force
1492:, pp. 113–116.
1456:, pp. 281–286.
1405:, pp. 239–240.
1268:, pp. 227–229.
1256:, pp. 273–277.
1104:, pp. 102–117.
826:Battle of Milne Bay
674:Torres Strait Force
569:New Guinea Campaign
457:Battle of Buna–Gona
427:Battle of Milne Bay
406:Australian II Corps
387:going to Milne Bay.
362:Battle of Milne Bay
352:, to reinforce the
284:, who were sent to
202:New Guinea campaign
171:Sir Leslie Morshead
128:Battle of Buna-Gona
118:Battle of Milne Bay
2037:. Orders of Battle
1616:Ball, Reg (1993).
1597:Ball, Reg (1996).
1393:, pp. 420–421
844:commanding officer
624:
584:
373:Australian I Corps
336:, under Brigadier
332:Upon arrival, the
261:
175:Sir Edmund Herring
2138:978-0-3450-2223-3
2078:. Washington DC:
1957:978-0-646-43590-9
1886:978-1-84603-123-6
1806:978-0-679-75303-2
1787:978-0-85887-024-6
1761:"Order of Battle"
1751:978-0-908175-60-4
1732:978-1-86448-611-7
1713:978-1-74114-403-1
1686:978-0-521-89681-8
1627:978-0-64611-999-1
1571:, Australian Army
1181:, pp. 25–26.
1133:, pp. 80–81.
1089:, pp. 10–11.
679:Units included -
672:September 1942 –
547:Landing at Nadzab
466:Wau: January 1943
413:Major engagements
273:League of Nations
245:Sir Thomas Blamey
222:Douglas MacArthur
180:
179:
167:Sir Thomas Blamey
138:Landing at Nadzab
2238:
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2117:
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2103:
2101:
2099:
2065:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2029:
2013:
1999:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1960:. Archived from
1949:
1937:
1917:
1890:
1871:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1833:. Archived from
1820:
1810:
1791:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1763:. Digger History
1759:Digger History.
1755:
1736:
1717:
1698:
1667:
1650:Bradley, Phillip
1645:
1639:
1631:
1612:
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1197:
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1182:
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1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1105:
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1072:
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1055:
1039:
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1023:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
986:
983:
977:
962:
939:
938:
937:
927:
926:
925:
817:Battle of Kokoda
325:In August 1942,
186:New Guinea Force
30:
21:New Guinea Force
18:
17:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2196:
2195:
2186:Wayback Machine
2175:
2165:
2149:
2147:Further reading
2139:
2115:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2062:
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2038:
2026:
1970:
1968:
1967:on 4 March 2016
1964:
1958:
1947:
1906:
1887:
1868:
1843:
1841:
1840:on 4 March 2016
1837:
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1379:Willoughby 1966
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392:5th Division
381:Port Moresby
377:15th Brigade
366:
342:18th Brigade
338:Arnold Potts
334:21st Brigade
331:
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320:Basil Morris
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269:New Hebrides
262:
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206:World War II
185:
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113:World War II
99:Part of
61:Australia /
15:
2116:|work=
2098:10 February
2041:14 November
1971:13 November
1844:14 November
1767:12 November
1575:15 November
1537:13 November
1514:Jacoby 1979
1143:Austin 1988
970:George Silk
874:Iven Mackay
831:76 Squadron
822:75 Squadron
782:Kanga Force
751:Kanga Force
385:4th Brigade
354:7th Brigade
302:, with the
109:Engagements
2200:Categories
1565:GHQ SWPA,
1523:References
1391:Kelly 2006
1367:Vader 1971
1355:Vader 1971
1307:Keogh 1965
1254:Brune 2004
1242:Brune 2004
1155:Keogh 1965
838:Commanders
327:HQ I Corps
265:New Guinea
198:New Guinea
190:Australian
163:commanders
156:Commanders
58:Allegiance
2118:ignored (
2108:cite book
2088:643562232
1996:186193870
1914:224699549
1695:180989632
1636:cite book
1466:Ball 1993
1454:Ball 1996
1442:Ball 1996
1046:Citations
1034:replaced
1013:division.
952:Footnotes
350:Milne Bay
299:Aquitania
53:Australia
45:1942–1944
2182:Archived
2092:Archived
2006:(1950).
1924:(1965).
1856:(2005).
1831:29800640
1652:(2004).
1584:citation
1075:GHQ SWPA
1032:II Corps
916:See also
901:II Corps
889:(Acting)
876:(Acting)
563:Overview
511:, and a
383:and the
267:and the
243:General
236:and Sir
1934:7185705
1036:I Corps
574:Mission
282:Orcades
251:History
214:I Corps
204:during
161:Notable
93:I Corps
50:Country
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232:, Sir
69:Branch
42:Active
34:Papuan
2033:OOB.
1965:(PDF)
1948:(PDF)
1838:(PDF)
1819:(PDF)
1529:AWM.
947:Notes
358:Papua
83:Corps
2159:ISBN
2133:ISBN
2120:help
2100:2009
2084:OCLC
2056:ISBN
2043:2015
2020:ISBN
1992:OCLC
1973:2015
1952:ISBN
1930:OCLC
1910:OCLC
1900:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1862:ISBN
1846:2015
1827:OCLC
1801:ISBN
1782:ISBN
1769:2015
1746:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1708:ISBN
1691:OCLC
1681:ISBN
1658:ISBN
1642:link
1622:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1590:link
1577:2015
1552:ISBN
1539:2015
749:and
642:The
497:Mubo
306:and
304:39th
297:RMS
286:Java
196:and
89:Role
79:Type
1194:OOB
1119:AWM
974:AWM
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