673:
650:
1868:
1208:
2225:
2282:-like high, improved sociability, and reduced alcohol or cocaine cravings. Also known on the streets as "Gabbies", gabapentin was reported in 2017 to be increasingly abused and misused for these euphoric effects. About 1 percent of the responders to an Internet poll and 22 percent of those attending addiction facilities had a history of abuse of gabapentin. Gabapentin misuse, toxicity, and use in suicide attempts among adults in the US increased from 2013 to 2017.
42:
1821:
8721:
16457:
5627:
5582:
1323:. A large Swedish study suggests that gabapentinoids are associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses, head/body injuries, and road traffic incidents and offences. On the other hand, a study published by the Harvard Data Science Review found that gabapentin was associated with a significantly reduced rate of suicide.
1098:, there is increasing evidence that gabapentinoids are effective in controlling some of the symptoms during opiate detoxification. A clinical study in Iran, where heroin dependence is a significant social and public health problem, showed gabapentin produced positive results during an inpatient therapy program, particularly by reducing opioid-induced
2117:, in a November 2005 article entitled "Curb Your Cravings For This Stock", wrote "If the venture works out for patients and the investing public, it'll be a rare success for Peizer, who's promoted a series of disappointing small-cap medical or technology stocks ... since his days at Drexel". Journalist
1698:
bioavailability of gabapentin is approximately 80% at 100 mg administered three times daily once every 8 hours, but decreases to 60% at 300 mg, 47% at 400 mg, 34% at 800 mg, 33% at 1,200 mg, and 27% at 1,600 mg, all with the same dosing schedule. Drugs that increase
2285:
After
Kentucky's implementation of stricter legislation regarding opioid prescriptions in 2012, there was an increase in gabapentin-only and multi-drug use in 2012–2015. The majority of these cases were from overdose in suspected suicide attempts. These rates were also accompanied by increases in
2159:
The period from 2008 to 2018 saw a significant increase in the consumption of gabapentinoids. A study published in Nature
Communications in 2023 highlights this trend, demonstrating a notable escalation in sales of gabapentinoids. The study, which analyzed healthcare data across 65 countries/
51:
1912:
followed in
December 1993, for use as an adjuvant (effective when added to other antiseizure drugs) medication to control partial seizures in adults; that indication was extended to children in 2000. Subsequently, gabapentin was approved in the United States for the treatment of
983:
Gabapentin shows substantial benefit (at least 50% pain relief or a patient global impression of change (PGIC) "very much improved") for neuropathic pain (postherpetic neuralgia or peripheral diabetic neuropathy) in 30–40% of subjects treated as compared to those treated with
2002:(which subsequently was acquired by Pfizer) agreed to plead guilty for activities of its Parke-Davis subsidiary, and to pay $ 430 million in fines to settle civil and criminal charges regarding the marketing of Neurontin for off-label purposes. The 2004 settlement was
2109:. It concluded that Gabasync is ineffective: "The PROMETA protocol, consisting of flumazenil, gabapentin and hydroxyzine, appears to be no more effective than placebo in reducing methamphetamine use, retaining patients in treatment or reducing methamphetamine craving."
1921:
of gabapentin first became available in the United States in 2004. An extended-release formulation of gabapentin for once-daily administration, under the brand name
Gralise, was approved in the United States for the treatment postherpetic neuralgia in January 2011.
1411:
effects. The vast majority of people abusing gabapentin are current or former abusers of opioids or sedatives. In these persons, gabapentin can boost the opioid "high" as well as decrease commonly experienced opioid-withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety.
1968:
Although some small, non-controlled studies in the 1990s—mostly sponsored by gabapentin's manufacturer—suggested that treatment for bipolar disorder with gabapentin may be promising, the preponderance of evidence suggests that it is not effective.
1812:, with the reported average value of 5 to 7 hours. Because of its short elimination half-life, gabapentin must be administered 3 to 4 times per day to maintain therapeutic levels. Gabapentin XR (brand name Gralise) is taken once a day.
12328:
1988:
Subsequent to the corporate acquisition of the original patent holder, the pharmaceutical company Pfizer admitted that there had been violations of FDA guidelines regarding the promotion of unproven off-label uses for gabapentin in the
928:. There is concern regarding gabapentin's off-label use due to the lack of strong scientific evidence for its efficacy in multiple conditions, its proven side effects and its potential for misuse and physical/psychological dependency.
1400:. In some cases, users experience withdrawal seizures after chronic or semi-chronic use in the absence of periodic cycles or breaks during repeating and consecutive use. All these symptoms subside when gabapentin is re-instated or
5644:
Rahman AA, Dell'Aniello S, Moodie EE, Durand M, Coulombe J, Boivin JF, et al. (January 2024). "Gabapentinoids and Risk for Severe
Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease : A Population-Based Cohort Study".
5567:
1879:
and isolation of gabapentin with high yield and purity starts with conversion of 1,1-cyclohexanediacetic anhydride to 1,1-cyclohexanediacetic acid monoamide and is followed by a 'Hofmann' rearrangement in an aqueous solution of
2323:
It is also used to treat chronic pain-associated nerve inflammation in horses and dogs. Side effects include tiredness and loss of coordination, but these effects generally go away within 24 hours of starting the medication.
5600:"FDA warns about serious breathing problems with seizure and nerve pain medicines gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant) and pregabalin (Lyrica, Lyrica CR) When used with CNS depressants or in patients with lung problems"
1087:: it does not contribute to the achievement of abstinence, and the data on the relapse of heavy drinking and percent of days abstinent do not robustly favor gabapentin; it only decreases the percent days of heavy drinking.
2091:
salesman who has since been indicted for securities fraud relative to another company. Hythiam charges up to $ 15,000 per patient to license its use (of which half goes to the prescribing physician, and half to
Hythiam).
8378:
Faryar KA, Webb AN, Bhandari B, Price TG, Bosse GM (June 2019). "Trending gabapentin exposures in
Kentucky after legislation requiring use of the state prescription drug monitoring program for all opioid prescriptions".
1383:
phenomenon) — similar to, albeit less intense than most benzodiazepines. Agitation, confusion and disorientation are the most frequently reported, followed by gastrointestinal complaints and sweating, and more rare
1768:. As with intestinal absorption mediated by an amino acid transporter, the transport of gabapentin across the blood–brain barrier by LAT1 is saturable. Gabapentin does not bind to other drug transporters such as
4090:
Ahmed S, Stanciu CN, Kotapati PV, Ahmed R, Bhivandkar S, Khan AM, et al. (August 2019). "Effectiveness of
Gabapentin in Reducing Cravings and Withdrawal in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review".
1290:
The gabapentin label contains a warning of an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. According to an insurance claims database study, gabapentin use is associated with about 40% increased risk of
1610:= 1 mM), but not BCAT-2. At very high concentrations gabapentin can suppress the growth of cancer cells, presumably by effecting mitochondrial catabolism, however the precise mechanism remains elusive.
10166:
4593:
Winkelmann J, Allen RP, Högl B, Inoue Y, Oertel W, Salminen AV, et al. (July 2018). "Treatment of restless legs syndrome: Evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice (Revised 2017)".
948:
Gabapentin is recommended as a first-line treatment for chronic neuropathic pain by various medical authorities. This is a general recommendation applicable to all neuropathic pain syndromes except for
8506:
van
Haaften KA, Forsythe LR, Stelow EA, Bain MJ (November 2017). "Effects of a single preappointment dose of gabapentin on signs of stress in cats during transportation and veterinary examination".
2893:
Stahl SM, Porreca F, Taylor CP, Cheung R, Thorpe AJ, Clair A (June 2013). "The diverse therapeutic actions of pregabalin: is a single mechanism responsible for several pharmacological activities?".
1908:
and was first described in 1975 by
Satzinger and Hartenstein. Under the brand name Neurontin, it was first approved in May 1993, for the treatment of epilepsy in the United Kingdom. Approval by the
2083:. It was marketed as PROMETA. While the individual drugs had been approved by the FDA, their off-label use for addiction treatment has not. Gabasync was marketed by Hythiam, Inc. which is owned by
2020:
sued Pfizer Inc., alleging that the pharmaceutical company had misled Kaiser by recommending Neurontin as an off-label treatment for certain conditions (including bipolar disorder, migraines, and
1262:, fever, swollen glands that do not go away, eyes or skin turning yellow, unusual bruises or bleeding, unexpected muscle pain or weakness, rash, long-lasting stomach pain which may indicate an
1246:
and visual disturbances as compared against a placebo. Gabapentin is associated with a weight gain of 2.2 kg (4.9 lb) after 1.5 months of use. Case studies indicate that it may cause
5555:
4503:
Shan D, Zou L, Liu X, Shen Y, Cai Y, Zhang J (June 2020). "Efficacy and safety of gabapentin and pregabalin in patients with vasomotor symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
5539:
Gibbons, R., Hur, K., Lavigne, J., Wang, J., & Mann, J. J. (2019). Medications and Suicide: High Dimensional Empirical Bayes Screening (iDEAS). Harvard Data Science Review, 1(2).
1347:. Gabapentin and opioids are commonly prescribed or abused together, and research indicates that the breathing suppression they cause is additive. For example, gabapentin use before
272:
10159:
6958:
2476:
5493:"Associations between gabapentinoids and suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses, injuries, road traffic incidents, and violent crime: population based cohort study in Sweden"
7742:
5413:
Patorno E, Bohn RL, Wahl PM, Avorn J, Patrick AR, Liu J, et al. (April 2010). "Anticonvulsant medications and the risk of suicide, attempted suicide, or violent death".
6086:
Goldlust A, Su TZ, Welty DF, Taylor CP, Oxender DL (September 1995). "Effects of anticonvulsant drug gabapentin on the enzymes in metabolic pathways of glutamate and GABA".
6225:
Bockbrader HN, Wesche D, Miller R, Chapel S, Janiczek N, Burger P (October 2010). "A comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pregabalin and gabapentin".
10152:
6672:
Levandovskiy IA, Sharapa DI, Shamota TV, Rodionov VN, Shubina TE (February 2011). "Conformationally restricted GABA analogs: from rigid carbocycles to cage hydrocarbons".
8142:
Martinez GM, Olabisi J, Ruekert L, Hasan S (July 2019). "A Call for Caution in Prescribing Gabapentin to Individuals With Concurrent Polysubstance Abuse: A Case Report".
1424:, uncontrollable jerking motions, and anxiety. A very high amount taken is associated with breathing suppression, coma, and possibly death, particularly if combined with
7465:
6884:
3147:
6979:
5999:
Davies A, Hendrich J, Van Minh AT, Wratten J, Douglas L, Dolphin AC (May 2007). "Functional biology of the alpha(2)delta subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels".
5305:
Kim JB, Jung JM, Park MH, Lee EJ, Kwon DY (November 2017). "Negative myoclonus induced by gabapentin and pregabalin: A case series and systematic literature review".
2305:
In cats, gabapentin can be used as an analgesic in multi-modal pain management, anxiety medication to reduce stress during travel or vet visits, and anticonvulsant.
1477:δ and its interactions with other proteins. Gabapentin prevents delivery of the calcium channels to the cell membrane, reduces the activation of the channels by the α
12348:
7357:
2514:
2168:
Gabapentin was originally marketed under the brand name Neurontin. Since it became generic, it has been marketed worldwide using over 300 different brand names. An
16435:
16386:
6928:
2509:[Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
15151:
14996:
7550:
11916:
5556:"FDA warns about serious breathing problems with seizure and nerve pain medicines gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant) and pregabalin (Lyrica, Lyrica CR)"
2007:
1420:
Through excessive ingestion, accidental or otherwise, persons may experience overdose symptoms including drowsiness, sedation, blurred vision, slurred speech,
13947:
7379:
309:
227:
13818:
8102:
2604:
16268:
16263:
16253:
16203:
15492:
13306:
9090:
3304:
13876:
13871:
7960:
Kjellsson MC, Ouellet D, Corrigan B, Karlsson MO (October 2011). "Modeling sleep data for a new drug in development using markov mixed-effects models".
13084:
4686:
2025:
1379:
Withdrawal symptoms typically occur 1–2 days after abruptly stopping gabapentin (almost unambiguously due to extended use and during a very short-term
13942:
285:
12598:
2688:
5026:
13828:
13538:
13478:
13383:
12343:
4843:"Evidence-based guideline update: treatment of essential tremor: report of the Quality Standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology"
7429:
1033:
In a controlled trial of breast cancer survivors with anxiety, and in a trial for social phobia, gabapentin significantly reduced anxiety levels.
839:. It is moderately effective: about 30–40% of those given gabapentin for diabetic neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia have a meaningful benefit.
12338:
10198:
16337:
14958:
13703:
13648:
13643:
13608:
13331:
13311:
13089:
11896:
3723:"Pharmacological treatment of painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"
2235:
1599:, even at low nanomolar concentrations. However, this activation is unlikely to be the dominant mechanism of gabapentin's therapeutic effects.
15819:
15582:
15512:
14441:
14298:
14173:
13917:
13765:
13728:
13628:
13623:
13523:
13508:
13503:
13468:
12909:
965:
81:
15138:
14561:
14536:
14451:
14098:
14088:
13678:
13668:
13638:
13633:
13598:
13553:
13498:
13488:
13483:
12869:
10569:
9837:
9822:
9752:
8591:
1450:
753:
6768:
5348:
Desai A, Kherallah Y, Szabo C, Marawar R (March 2019). "Gabapentin or pregabalin induced myoclonus: A case series and literature review".
2160:
regions, found that the consumption rate of gabapentinoids had doubled over the decade, driven by their use in wide range of indications.
16021:
15143:
15123:
15108:
15078:
14496:
14406:
13838:
13743:
13733:
13713:
13693:
13673:
13029:
5448:
Leith WM, Lambert WE, Boehnlein JK, Freeman MD (January 2019). "The association between gabapentin and suicidality in bipolar patients".
3286:
3001:
2172:
formulation of gabapentin for once-daily administration was introduced in 2011, for postherpetic neuralgia under the brand name Gralise.
2045:
7396:
1957:
16057:
15814:
15809:
15794:
15098:
14012:
13795:
12624:
5964:
Dooley DJ, Taylor CP, Donevan S, Feltner D (February 2007). "Ca2+ channel alpha2delta ligands: novel modulators of neurotransmission".
5164:"Benefits and safety of gabapentinoids in chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
3623:"Benefits and safety of gabapentinoids in chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
2003:
1603:
956:
In regard to the specific diagnoses, a systematic review has found evidence for gabapentin to provide pain relief for some people with
6275:
Dickens D, Webb SD, Antonyuk S, Giannoudis A, Owen A, Rädisch S, et al. (June 2013). "Transport of gabapentin by LAT1 (SLC7A5)".
880:
in the United States since 2004. In 2022, it was the tenth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 40
14546:
14526:
13922:
13902:
8782:
7750:
3919:"Efficacy and Tolerability of Gabapentin in Adults with Sleep Disturbance in Medical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
3820:
Mula M, Pini S, Cassano GB (June 2007). "The role of anticonvulsant drugs in anxiety disorders: a critical review of the evidence".
15839:
15161:
14810:
13907:
13336:
12515:
7704:
7723:
7145:
1407:
On its own, gabapentin appears to not have a substantial addictive power. In human and animal experiments, it shows limited to no
16077:
14030:
13094:
12634:
12313:
11886:
9807:
8471:
Vettorato E, Corletto F (September 2011). "Gabapentin as part of multi-modal analgesia in two cats suffering multiple injuries".
7048:
2635:
Goa KL, Sorkin EM (September 1993). "Gabapentin. A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical potential in epilepsy".
2559:
2344:
13927:
13853:
13324:
12994:
12525:
7768:
7091:
1856:
7506:
6888:
6467:
Ma J, Björnsson ES, Chalasani N (February 2024). "The Safe Use of Analgesics in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Narrative Review".
5027:"A Meta-Analysis on the Use of Gabapentinoids for the Treatment of Acute Postoperative Pain Following Total Knee Arthroplasty"
3348:"Gabapentin and pregabalin in bipolar disorder, anxiety states, and insomnia: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and rationale"
2308:
Veterinarians may prescribe gabapentin as an anticonvulsant and pain reliever in dogs. It has beneficial effects for treating
16372:
14862:
13004:
12323:
11866:
10511:
10110:
9473:
9417:
8194:
6733:
6656:
6626:
6599:
6572:
5846:
5789:
3280:
3053:
3029:
2995:
1368:
3518:"Pharmacological management of chronic neuropathic pain - consensus statement and guidelines from the Canadian Pain Society"
2684:"1 Recommendations | Neuropathic pain in adults: pharmacological management in non-specialist settings | Guidance"
2147:
and government approval when bringing to market Prometa; the addiction drug proved to be completely ineffective. Journalist
15302:
15280:
13376:
12603:
11518:
7120:
6173:
del Amo EM, Urtti A, Yliperttula M (October 2008). "Pharmacokinetic role of L-type amino acid transporters LAT1 and LAT2".
2293:, play a role in the physical dependence some users experience. Its misuse predominantly coincides with the usage of other
1676:
1129:
in both menopausal women and people with breast cancer. However, antidepressants have similar efficacy, and treatment with
2506:
15175:
12949:
12318:
6126:"Gabapentin Can Suppress Cell Proliferation Independent of the Cytosolic Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transferase 1 (BCAT1)"
2041:
1960:
statewide. Gabapentin is scheduled V drug in other states such as West Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Utah, and Virginia.
1734:
1067:
in people with primary insomnia. It also improves sleep quality by elevating sleep efficiency and decreasing spontaneous
870:
4286:"Gabapentin Effect on Pain Associated with Heroin Withdrawal in Iranian Crack: a Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial"
16507:
16104:
13409:
13044:
12418:
11699:
10876:
6936:
5612:
2502:
2290:
1998:
While off-label prescriptions are common for a number of drugs, marketing of off-label uses of a drug is not. In 2004,
798:
132:
16492:
13064:
13049:
13019:
12874:
12784:
12470:
12435:
11787:
11538:
10975:
10577:
7554:
5918:
delta ligands, gabapentin, pregabalin and mirogabalin: a review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use".
2265:
1909:
1466:
773:
4546:
Otero-Romero S, Sastre-Garriga J, Comi G, Hartung HP, Soelberg Sørensen P, Thompson AJ, et al. (October 2016).
3674:"Anticonvulsants in the treatment of low back pain and lumbar radicular pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
14374:
13034:
12939:
12854:
12799:
12608:
12440:
12428:
10127:
9434:
2095:
In November 2011, the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study (financed by Hythiam and carried out at
15065:
14885:
13369:
13273:
13197:
13099:
12794:
12758:
12593:
12500:
11861:
8125:
2596:
399:
257:
113:
6365:
MĂĽller CE (November 2009). "Prodrug approaches for enhancing the bioavailability of drugs with low solubility".
3968:
Lo HS, Yang CM, Lo HG, Lee CY, Ting H, Tzang BS (2010). "Treatment effects of gabapentin for primary insomnia".
3395:
Tran KT, Hranicky D, Lark T, Jacob NJ (June 2005). "Gabapentin withdrawal syndrome in the presence of a taper".
2400:
Tran KT, Hranicky D, Lark T, Jacob NJ (June 2005). "Gabapentin withdrawal syndrome in the presence of a taper".
739:
13319:
13074:
13059:
13039:
13014:
12999:
12959:
12899:
12849:
12485:
9547:
1168:
9313:
7347:
6836:"Once-daily gastroretentive gabapentin for the management of postherpetic neuralgia: an update for clinicians"
5262:
Yang Y, Wang X (January 2016). "Sexual dysfunction related to antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy".
2320:, and post-operative pain), and anxiety, lip-licking behaviour, storm phobia, fear-based agression.
2024:). In 2010, a federal jury in Massachusetts ruled in Kaiser's favor, finding that Pfizer violated the federal
1090:
Gabapentin is ineffective in cocaine dependence and methamphetamine use, and it does not increase the rate of
470:
15632:
15362:
13253:
13202:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12889:
12884:
12879:
12819:
12530:
11375:
10693:
10243:
8775:
2507:"RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial"
2017:
1843:. Specifically, it is a derivative of GABA with a pentyl disubstitution at 3 position, hence, the name - gaba
1122:, torsional nystagmus, and infantile nystagmus; however, it does not work in periodic alternating nystagmus.
7568:
16431:
13079:
13069:
13024:
13009:
12989:
12979:
12954:
12934:
12864:
12824:
12814:
12804:
9882:
9304:
5745:
Bonnet U, Scherbaum N (December 2017). "How addictive are gabapentin and pregabalin? A systematic review".
5607:
5561:
2510:
2208:
1606:(BCAT), slowing down the synthesis of glutamate. In particular it inhibits BCAT-1 at high concentrations (K
1521:. Most of the pharmacological properties of gabapentin are explained by its binding to just one isoform – α
668:
521:
8736:
3430:
Johannessen SI, Ben-Menachem E (2006). "Management of focal-onset seizures: an update on drug treatment".
3177:"Trends in First Gabapentin and Pregabalin Prescriptions in Primary Care in the United Kingdom, 1993-2017"
1367:
or other chronic pain was associated with a 35–58% increased risk for severe exacerbation of pre-existing
16411:
13175:
13111:
13054:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12904:
12894:
12844:
12839:
12829:
12809:
12789:
12748:
12199:
10672:
9867:
8965:
7375:
5055:
2013:
629:
7507:"Pfizer Inc. v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.: Petition for certiorari denied on December 9, 2013"
7439:
2560:"Neurontin- gabapentin capsule Neurontin- gabapentin tablet, film coated Neurontin- gabapentin solution"
16502:
16447:
13283:
13258:
12984:
12944:
12914:
12859:
11273:
7005:
Mayor S (October 2018). "Pregabalin and gabapentin become controlled drugs to cut deaths from misuse".
4548:"Pharmacological management of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and consensus paper"
4011:
Muncie HL, Yasinian Y, Oge' L (November 2013). "Outpatient management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome".
1798:
1640:
1242:
are also common. A 2017 meta-analysis found that gabapentin also increased the risk of difficulties in
1053:
10144:
8554:
7613:
Ling W, Shoptaw S, Hillhouse M, Bholat MA, Charuvastra C, Heinzerling K, et al. (February 2012).
5391:
5215:"Clinical review: Drugs commonly associated with weight change: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
590:
16397:
15971:
15294:
15192:
14876:
14388:
13288:
12535:
12269:
12214:
11347:
10958:
10731:
10504:
10324:
10217:
9852:
9466:
7788:"Gabapentinoid consumption in 65 countries and regions from 2008 to 2018: a longitudinal trend study"
1953:
1664:
1019:
There is a small amount of research on the use of gabapentin for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
964:. Gabapentin is approved for the former indication in the US. In addition to these two neuropathies,
17:
8666:"Effects of Gabapentin on the Treatment of Behavioral Disorders in Dogs: A Retrospective Evaluation"
7615:"Double-blind placebo-controlled evaluation of the PROMETA™ protocol for methamphetamine dependence"
1655:= 17–20 mM), however this effect is so weak it is not clinically relevant at prescribed doses.
16482:
16299:
16217:
16118:
16035:
15904:
15327:
15224:
15056:
14825:
11906:
10794:
10650:
10401:
9275:
8768:
7223:
7074:
6809:
3572:
Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, McNicol E, Baron R, Dworkin RH, et al. (February 2015).
2683:
1647:
within the range of clinical dosing. In vitro gabapentin has been found to very weakly inhibit the
1481:δ subunit, decreases signaling leading to neurotransmitters release, and disrupts interactions of α
1331:
Serious breathing suppression, potentially fatal, may occur when gabapentin is taken together with
836:
645:
181:
7305:
Reinares M, Rosa AR, Franco C, Goikolea JM, Fountoulakis K, Siamouli M, et al. (March 2013).
6723:
6589:
5162:
Shanthanna H, Gilron I, Rajarathinam M, AlAmri R, Kamath S, Thabane L, et al. (August 2017).
5078:
Aazh H, El Refaie A, Humphriss R (December 2011). "Gabapentin for tinnitus: a systematic review".
3621:
Shanthanna H, Gilron I, Rajarathinam M, AlAmri R, Kamath S, Thabane L, et al. (August 2017).
2195:, which is related in structure to gabapentin, as a successor to gabapentin. Another similar drug
16497:
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16181:
15517:
13423:
12588:
12555:
12545:
12495:
12490:
12115:
11434:
11429:
10580:
10115:
9422:
9184:
9142:
9021:
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1983:
1905:
1741:
1502:
1023:
201:
63:
12578:
8583:
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1602:
Gabapentin is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter glutamate and competitively inhibits
1359:
by 30–60%. A Canadian study showed that use of gabapentin and other gabapentinoids, whether for
16049:
15985:
15376:
14342:
14333:
13897:
13884:
13866:
13808:
13432:
12669:
12105:
12100:
11836:
11637:
11441:
11370:
10869:
9051:
8251:
Evoy KE, Morrison MD, Saklad SR (March 2017). "Abuse and Misuse of Pregabalin and Gabapentin".
7401:
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4284:
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3346:
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1914:
1777:
1745:
1565:
1356:
1275:
1145:
1049:
1027:
957:
858:
832:
611:
346:
11997:
6646:
3270:
2985:
2597:"Neurontin, Gralise (gabapentin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
2477:"Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017"
1622:
570:
16013:
15914:
12550:
12505:
12465:
11921:
11163:
10999:
10885:
10480:
9011:
7406:
6562:
6410:"Selective expression of the large neutral amino acid transporter at the blood-brain barrier"
4680:
3019:
2044:
prevailed in their similar Neurontin-related claims against Pfizer. Pfizer appealed, but the
1809:
1648:
1631:
1446:
1107:
1004:
936:
Gabapentin is approved for the treatment of focal seizures; however, it is not effective for
461:
7860:
6980:"Pregabalin and gabapentin: proposal to schedule under the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001"
4374:
McLean RJ, Gottlob I (August 2009). "The pharmacological treatment of nystagmus: a review".
3116:
1094:. While some studies indicate that gabapentin does not significantly reduce the symptoms of
900:
uses. They have paid out millions of dollars to settle lawsuits regarding these activities.
16487:
15607:
14138:
14073:
14053:
13278:
13170:
12583:
12540:
12480:
12408:
12381:
11901:
11876:
11846:
11841:
11667:
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10630:
10497:
9779:
9459:
9193:
8820:
7882:
7802:
7685:
6421:
3734:
3312:(Plain English summary). National Institute for Health and Care Research. 17 October 2022.
3305:"Review finds little evidence to support gabapentinoid use in bipolar disorder or insomnia"
2721:
Attal N, Cruccu G, Baron R, Haanpää M, Hansson P, Jensen TS, et al. (September 2010).
2204:
2121:
said to Peizer in 2007: "Depending and who you talk to, you're either a revolutionary or a
1320:
1251:
950:
937:
530:
425:
366:
169:
10532:
7532:
7146:"Gabapentin will be a Schedule V controlled substance in Tennessee effective July 1, 2018"
5091:
4935:"A Systematic Review of the Clinical Use of Gabapentin and Pregabalin in Bipolar Disorder"
510:
8:
16477:
16258:
14396:
13800:
13248:
13185:
12753:
12689:
12423:
12125:
12047:
11494:
11478:
11424:
11308:
10605:
10267:
10182:
8844:
7466:"Pfizer Appeal Targets Fraudulent Drug Marketing Claims Brought Under Civil RICO Statute"
7348:"Huge penalty in drug fraud, Pfizer settles felony case in Neurontin off-label promotion"
5695:
Mersfelder TL, Nichols WH (March 2016). "Gabapentin: Abuse, Dependence, and Withdrawal".
4235:
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3272:
Successful Psychopharmacology: Evidence-Based Treatment Solutions for Achieving Remission
2309:
2105:
2076:
1832:
1764:
is highly expressed at the blood–brain barrier and transports gabapentin across into the
1749:
1718:
1711:
1695:
1557:
1401:
961:
828:
416:
208:
176:
11944:
8726:
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8665:
8641:
8614:
7823:
7806:
7274:
7249:
6796:
6425:
4460:
Mehta AR, Kennard C (June 2012). "The pharmacological treatment of acquired nystagmus".
3738:
1725:
increases to 3 to 4 hours at higher doses. Food does not significantly affect the T
1083:
and associated craving. The evidence in favor of gabapentin is weak in the treatment of
672:
649:
14668:
14663:
14566:
14273:
14043:
13192:
12779:
12398:
12254:
12209:
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4067:
4042:
3993:
3945:
3899:
3845:
3780:
Moore A, Derry S, Wiffen P (February 2018). "Gabapentin for Chronic Neuropathic Pain".
3757:
3698:
3673:
3672:
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3649:
3622:
3598:
3574:"Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
3573:
3544:
3498:
3455:
3372:
3347:
3321:
3251:
3203:
3128:
3021:
The Other End of the Stethoscope: The Physician's Perspective on the Health Care Crisis
2966:
2863:
2839:"Emerging roles for α2δ subunits in calcium channel function and synaptic connectivity"
2838:
2809:
2776:
2752:
2660:
2122:
1918:
1881:
1876:
1549:
1157:
1141:
1119:
1080:
877:
341:
27–60% (inversely proportional to dose; a high fat meal also increases bioavailability)
143:
4890:
Sadeghi R, Ondo WG (December 2010). "Pharmacological management of essential tremor".
3589:
2352:
1144:
and is prescribed as one of the first-line options. It is an established treatment of
16317:
15928:
15602:
15246:
15118:
14365:
14258:
13392:
13263:
13243:
12834:
12639:
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12135:
12110:
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10862:
10844:
10824:
10758:
10739:
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10373:
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8989:
8935:
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8311:
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7644:
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7328:
7279:
7198:
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5365:
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4903:
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3377:
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3208:
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2970:
2958:
2910:
2868:
2814:
2775:
Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Bell RF, Rice AS, Tölle TR, Phillips T, et al. (June 2017).
2744:
2739:
2723:"EFNS guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain: 2010 revision"
2722:
2664:
2652:
2648:
2458:
2417:
2413:
1897:
1855:
groups are not in the same relative positions as they are in the GABA; they are more
1703:
can increase its oral bioavailability; when gabapentin was co-administered with oral
1348:
1279:
1258:
that disappear after discontinuing gabapentin or replacing it with other medication.
1227:
1176:
1095:
1091:
601:
297:
105:
8408:
8280:
8212:"Gabapentin and Pregabalin for Pain - Is Increased Prescribing a Cause for Concern?"
7989:
7666:
7291:
7092:"Important Notice: Gabapentin Becomes a Schedule 5 Controlled Substance in Kentucky"
7034:
6394:
6254:
5947:
5824:
5774:
5758:
5724:
5477:
5377:
5334:
5291:
4919:
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4403:
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2756:
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15507:
15307:
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12763:
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12403:
12391:
12090:
11969:
11911:
11871:
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11729:
11632:
11593:
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11514:
11411:
10798:
10640:
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10309:
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9586:
9095:
8687:
8677:
8636:
8626:
8535:
8515:
8480:
8443:
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8342:
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8121:
8073:
8065:
8024:
8016:
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7818:
7810:
7634:
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7595:
7318:
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7014:
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6847:
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6533:
6523:
6476:
6439:
6429:
6374:
6334:
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6234:
6182:
6145:
6137:
6095:
6055:
6047:
6008:
5973:
5927:
5877:
5868:
Sills GJ (February 2006). "The mechanisms of action of gabapentin and pregabalin".
5804:
5754:
5704:
5654:
5512:
5504:
5457:
5422:
5357:
5314:
5271:
5234:
5226:
5185:
5175:
5134:
5126:
5087:
5038:
4997:
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4946:
4899:
4862:
4854:
4813:
4805:
4758:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4658:
4650:
4603:
4559:
4512:
4489:
4469:
4426:
4383:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4297:
4256:
4248:
4207:
4199:
4155:
4147:
4100:
4062:
4054:
3997:
3977:
3940:
3930:
3903:
3881:
3829:
3789:
3752:
3742:
3693:
3685:
3644:
3634:
3593:
3585:
3539:
3529:
3502:
3482:
3439:
3404:
3367:
3359:
3313:
3235:
3198:
3188:
3112:
2948:
2902:
2858:
2850:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2734:
2644:
2448:
2409:
2317:
2169:
2144:
2063:, a treatment consisting of a combination of gabapentin and two other medications (
2049:
2021:
1901:
1684:
1672:
1364:
1308:
1235:
1164:
1153:
925:
921:
913:
827:. It is a commonly used medication for the treatment of neuropathic pain caused by
824:
820:
685:
328:
240:
8392:
8347:
8330:
6910:
5931:
5275:
4203:
3516:
Moulin DE, Clark AJ, Gilron I, Ware MA, Watson CP, Sessle BJ, et al. (2007).
3075:
3045:
2374:
91:
16461:
16347:
16342:
16312:
16141:
16136:
15739:
15704:
15694:
15659:
15266:
15241:
14708:
14401:
14283:
13438:
13400:
13268:
13217:
13155:
12654:
12629:
12475:
12259:
12173:
12095:
12085:
11856:
11851:
11734:
11672:
11649:
11293:
11283:
10713:
10680:
10658:
10634:
10387:
9985:
9977:
9967:
9764:
9495:
8329:
Reynolds K, Kaufman R, Korenoski A, Fennimore L, Shulman J, Lynch M (July 2020).
8155:
7764:
7488:
6615:
Benzon H, Rathmell JP, Wu CL, Turk DC, Argoff CE, Hurley RW (11 September 2013).
6480:
5461:
5180:
4858:
4547:
4136:"A meta-analysis of the efficacy of gabapentin for treating alcohol use disorder"
3981:
3833:
3747:
3722:
3639:
3486:
2279:
2247:
2148:
2072:
1847:, in such a way as to form a six-membered ring. After formation of the ring, the
1707:, the oral bioavailability of a 600 mg dose of gabapentin increased by 50%.
1700:
1688:
1470:
1296:
1149:
1064:
1057:
450:
356:
336:
9486:
6141:
1532:
1315:. Another study has shown an approximately doubled rate of suicide attempts and
16322:
16278:
15869:
15769:
15679:
15353:
15209:
15152:
14997:
14953:
14908:
14653:
14643:
14263:
14183:
13780:
13683:
13165:
13131:
13106:
12696:
12413:
12239:
12229:
12143:
12052:
11992:
11936:
11689:
11644:
11544:
10931:
10921:
10744:
10735:
10709:
10701:
10686:
10453:
10275:
10121:
9957:
9799:
9713:
9561:
9535:
9428:
9203:
8939:
8879:
8813:
8791:
8020:
7814:
7786:
Chan AY, Yuen AS, Tsai DH, Lau WC, Jani YH, Hsia Y, et al. (August 2023).
7473:
7434:
7265:
7173:
6787:
6414:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
6186:
6012:
5977:
5881:
5361:
4654:
4516:
3363:
3317:
2906:
2854:
2294:
2033:
1999:
1769:
1494:
1425:
1380:
1336:
1300:
1037:
991:
Evidence finds little or no benefit and significant risk in those with chronic
866:
816:
13813:
13408:
10489:
8519:
8264:
7973:
7323:
7306:
6288:
5318:
5130:
5002:
4985:
4809:
4430:
4387:
2453:
2436:
1319:
in people with bipolar disorder who are taking gabapentin versus those taking
1191:
due to possible accumulation and toxicity. It is unclear if it is safe during
920:
in the US and the UK, for example, for the treatment of non-neuropathic pain,
16471:
16332:
16225:
16171:
16156:
15942:
15879:
15612:
15557:
15552:
15542:
15497:
15317:
15251:
15103:
14913:
14898:
14743:
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14318:
14158:
14038:
14017:
13992:
13912:
13533:
13528:
13238:
13212:
13207:
13121:
12684:
12644:
12264:
12244:
12153:
12080:
12007:
12002:
11987:
11783:
11583:
11566:
11534:
11313:
11254:
11119:
11051:
11033:
11004:
10971:
10953:
10814:
10810:
10806:
10784:
10748:
10725:
10602:
10584:
10439:
10337:
10333:
10295:
10291:
10230:
10226:
10190:
10066:
9951:
9928:
9746:
9708:
9687:
9394:
9323:
9318:
9233:
9208:
9147:
9137:
8854:
8849:
8331:"Trends in gabapentin and baclofen exposures reported to U.S. poison centers"
8005:"Modifications of antiepileptic drugs for improved tolerability and efficacy"
7907:
7846:
6851:
6434:
6409:
5708:
5631:
5586:
5115:"Gabapentin or pregabalin for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine in adults"
4762:
4563:
3935:
3918:
3473:
Rheims S, Ryvlin P (July 2014). "Pharmacotherapy for tonic-clonic seizures".
2100:
2084:
1836:
1757:
1618:
1614:
1486:
1267:
1196:
1188:
992:
977:
909:
661:
220:
11982:
8613:
Di Cesare F, Negro V, Ravasio G, Villa R, Draghi S, Cagnardi P (June 2023).
5599:
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3793:
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2932:
16204:
15952:
15864:
15854:
15764:
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15407:
15031:
15016:
14963:
14918:
14773:
14728:
14713:
14703:
14688:
14628:
14268:
14248:
14188:
13738:
13593:
13453:
13126:
12674:
12376:
12062:
11881:
11816:
11761:
11709:
11588:
11554:
11506:
11402:
11220:
11076:
10989:
10615:
10368:
10179:
10036:
10026:
10016:
9995:
9918:
9861:
9816:
9703:
9525:
9384:
9364:
9228:
9218:
9070:
8834:
8795:
8701:
8650:
8527:
8492:
8457:
8400:
8356:
8315:
8272:
8237:
8163:
8087:
8038:
7981:
7946:
7832:
7648:
7332:
7283:
7026:
6869:
6805:
6693:
6547:
6488:
6453:
6386:
6378:
6348:
6296:
6246:
6194:
6159:
6069:
6051:
6020:
5985:
5939:
5889:
5816:
5808:
5766:
5716:
5666:
5526:
5469:
5434:
5369:
5326:
5283:
5248:
5199:
5148:
5099:
5050:
5011:
4970:
4911:
4876:
4827:
4770:
4735:
4672:
4615:
4571:
4524:
4481:
4438:
4395:
4360:
4311:
4270:
4221:
4169:
4112:
4076:
4024:
3989:
3954:
3895:
3841:
3801:
3766:
3707:
3658:
3607:
3553:
3494:
3451:
3416:
3381:
3247:
3212:
3124:
3103:
Henney JE (August 2006). "Safeguarding patient welfare: who's in charge?".
2962:
2914:
2872:
2818:
2800:
2748:
2462:
2421:
2313:
2118:
1941:
1760:, gabapentin requires active transport across the blood–brain barrier. The
1753:
1542:
1393:
1352:
1263:
1103:
1099:
969:
235:
33:
8307:
8069:
6107:
5841:, 8th edition, Biomedical Publications, Foster City, CA, 2008, pp. 677–8.
5426:
5042:
3534:
3517:
2656:
1867:
1824:
Chemical structures of GABA and gabapentin, with commonalities highlighted
1207:
1052:
that are the result of an underlying illness, but comes with some risk of
876:
Gabapentin was first approved for use in 1993. It has been available as a
16003:
15957:
15834:
15829:
15824:
15749:
15734:
15729:
15684:
15663:
15655:
15567:
15562:
15547:
15532:
15467:
15412:
14988:
14978:
14973:
14968:
14948:
14933:
14923:
14903:
14805:
14788:
14778:
14768:
14758:
14753:
14723:
14698:
14693:
14673:
14658:
14623:
14608:
14571:
14506:
14466:
14456:
14313:
14308:
14293:
14278:
14218:
14083:
13987:
13982:
13977:
13967:
13962:
13843:
13790:
13785:
13770:
13613:
13588:
13578:
13568:
13558:
13548:
13463:
13458:
13448:
13361:
12573:
12520:
12366:
12204:
12072:
12027:
11949:
11926:
11659:
11617:
11325:
11188:
11114:
11069:
10916:
10697:
10654:
10626:
10551:
10423:
10383:
10341:
10303:
10287:
10211:
10046:
10031:
10021:
9999:
9941:
9898:
9876:
9697:
9683:
9631:
9606:
9601:
9374:
9369:
9255:
9213:
9159:
9130:
9105:
9100:
9075:
8955:
8950:
8914:
8894:
8839:
8829:
8615:"Gabapentin: Clinical Use and Pharmacokinetics in Dogs, Cats, and Horses"
8228:
8211:
5230:
4252:
4104:
4058:
2278:
Gabapentin when taken in excess, can induce euphoria, a sense of calm, a
2068:
2037:
1893:
1829:
1560:
at micromolar concentrations. They may be the endogenous ligands of the α
1389:
1271:
1223:
1048:
Gabapentin is effective in treating sleep disorders such as insomnia and
885:
850:
99:
10854:
8760:
8682:
8631:
7861:"Pfizer Completes Transaction to Combine Its Upjohn Business with Mylan"
6036:"Gabapentin Is a Potent Activator of KCNQ3 and KCNQ5 Potassium Channels"
3689:
490:
16307:
16235:
16230:
16166:
16161:
16151:
16146:
16126:
15947:
15936:
15932:
15899:
15784:
15779:
15754:
15744:
15719:
15714:
15709:
15650:
15640:
15622:
15617:
15587:
15577:
15537:
15502:
15457:
15447:
15442:
15437:
15422:
15387:
15312:
15256:
15233:
15201:
15128:
15088:
15046:
15036:
15011:
14983:
14943:
14928:
14848:
14843:
14783:
14763:
14748:
14738:
14603:
14593:
14521:
14516:
14511:
14501:
14461:
14416:
14411:
14323:
14303:
14243:
14233:
14163:
14143:
14128:
14118:
14108:
14093:
14078:
14058:
14048:
14007:
14002:
13997:
13972:
13952:
13932:
13858:
13848:
13833:
13823:
13775:
13723:
13658:
13583:
13573:
13563:
13543:
13518:
13513:
13493:
13473:
13443:
12649:
12386:
12120:
12012:
11485:
11330:
11278:
10908:
10828:
10752:
10666:
10609:
10592:
10521:
10447:
10391:
10347:
10319:
10299:
10283:
10252:
10207:
10174:
10061:
9989:
9936:
9913:
9908:
9891:
9831:
9789:
9656:
9611:
9596:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9482:
9399:
9389:
9379:
9338:
9333:
9283:
9265:
9260:
9243:
9223:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9154:
9120:
9110:
8994:
8984:
8974:
8919:
8889:
8869:
8052:
Smith BH, Higgins C, Baldacchino A, Kidd B, Bannister J (August 2012).
7599:
7511:
6685:
4986:"Treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: a review of the evidence"
4951:
4702:"Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease"
2199:
has been unsuccessfully tried by Pfizer as a treatment for insomnia. A
2196:
2192:
2127:
2064:
1852:
1840:
1784:
1644:
1581:
1529:
1421:
1340:
1304:
1247:
1219:
1137:
1084:
842:
715:
501:
215:
8439:
7018:
6528:
6330:
5508:
4607:
4151:
3917:
Liu GJ, Karim MR, Xu LL, Wang SL, Yang C, Ding L, et al. (2017).
1820:
1187:
Gabapentin should be used carefully and at lower doses in people with
16327:
16273:
16189:
16072:
16062:
15993:
15922:
15884:
15859:
15849:
15774:
15724:
15669:
15645:
15572:
15482:
15477:
15472:
15432:
15427:
15417:
15402:
15261:
15133:
15113:
15093:
15083:
15041:
15021:
14938:
14733:
14648:
14638:
14618:
14556:
14541:
14531:
14491:
14476:
14446:
14431:
14426:
14421:
14347:
14288:
14238:
14228:
14223:
14208:
14198:
14178:
14168:
14148:
14123:
13753:
13718:
13698:
13663:
13653:
13618:
13603:
13160:
13116:
12664:
12659:
12234:
12219:
12194:
12042:
12037:
12022:
12017:
11977:
11954:
11891:
11748:
11721:
11605:
11463:
11446:
11419:
11335:
11298:
11288:
11261:
11232:
11193:
11180:
11158:
11129:
10926:
10774:
10770:
10705:
10555:
10435:
10431:
10413:
10378:
10313:
10234:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10076:
10056:
9981:
9903:
9846:
9736:
9718:
9693:
9666:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9581:
9515:
9451:
9359:
9250:
9198:
9115:
9080:
9060:
9026:
9016:
8979:
8945:
8924:
8909:
8904:
8874:
8864:
8859:
8804:
5658:
4545:
3886:
3869:
3721:
Phillips TJ, Cherry CL, Cox S, Marshall SJ, Rice AS (December 2010).
2088:
1791:
1668:
1591:
Gabapentin is a potent activator of voltage-gated potassium channels
1569:
1535:
1408:
1316:
1255:
1243:
1239:
1215:
1192:
1126:
917:
897:
893:
846:
436:
379:
189:
85:
10474:
9838:
9823:
6512:"Gabapentin enacarbil - clinical efficacy in restless legs syndrome"
4749:
Anand S (March 2013). "Gabapentin for pruritus in palliative care".
1940:
Effective April 2019, the United Kingdom reclassified the drug as a
1118:
Gabapentin is recommended as a first-line treatment of the acquired
15998:
15804:
15799:
15759:
15674:
15522:
15397:
15335:
14718:
14683:
14588:
14203:
14133:
14103:
14063:
13957:
13748:
13708:
13688:
12163:
12057:
11959:
11682:
11613:
11571:
11561:
11529:
11524:
11489:
11303:
11210:
11170:
11146:
11099:
10994:
10963:
10818:
10802:
10762:
10717:
10644:
10596:
10543:
10443:
10427:
10405:
10395:
10256:
10199:
10071:
10051:
9971:
9784:
9728:
9671:
9661:
9626:
9616:
9591:
9520:
9354:
9328:
9085:
9065:
8899:
8884:
8751:
2564:
2437:"Misuse and abuse of pregabalin and gabapentin: cause for concern?"
2133:
2060:
1704:
1514:
1506:
1490:
1469:(L-type, N-type, P/Q type, and R-type). Gabapentin is not a direct
1397:
1360:
1312:
1172:
1130:
996:
781:
InChI=1S/C9H17NO2/c10-7-9(6-8(11)12)4-2-1-3-5-9/h1-7,10H2,(H,11,12)
550:
481:
127:
7489:"US high court leaves intact $ 142 million verdict against Pfizer"
7430:"Pfizer Told to Pay $ 142.1 Million for Neurontin Marketing Fraud"
6885:"Yabba Dabba Gabapentin: Are Gralise and Horizant Worth the Cost?"
6707:
Kumar A, Soudagar SR, Nijasure AM, Panda NB, Gautam P, Thakur GR.
6671:
5643:
5491:
Molero Y, Larsson H, D'Onofrio BM, Sharp DJ, Fazel S (June 2019).
5161:
4043:"Gabapentin Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review"
3870:"Gabapentin and Pregabalin for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders"
3620:
1473:: it exerts its actions by disrupting the regulatory function of α
738:
617:
41:
16067:
15889:
15689:
15214:
14613:
14551:
14213:
14193:
13889:
13760:
12274:
11793:
11776:
11771:
11756:
11704:
11694:
11677:
11549:
11390:
11385:
11318:
11244:
11064:
10984:
10788:
10766:
10676:
10622:
10535:
10041:
9678:
9507:
8931:
8328:
7743:"Texas' Prometa program for treating meth addicts draws skeptics"
6929:"Pregabalin and gabapentin will become controlled drugs in April"
6408:
Boado RJ, Li JY, Nagaya M, Zhang C, Pardridge WM (October 1999).
5630:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5585:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4417:
Thurtell MJ, Leigh RJ (February 2012). "Treatment of nystagmus".
2200:
2176:
2080:
1635:
1292:
1068:
985:
862:
854:
50:
7959:
5914:
Calandre EP, Rico-Villademoros F, Slim M (November 2016). "Alpha
4933:
Ng QX, Han MX, Teoh SE, Yaow CY, Lim YL, Chee KT (August 2021).
3571:
1465:
subunit (the channel-forming protein) of high voltage activated
15893:
15157:
Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
15006:
15002:
Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
14678:
14598:
14481:
14471:
14253:
14022:
12224:
12158:
11627:
11473:
11453:
11215:
11139:
11104:
11043:
10563:
10547:
10539:
10419:
10240:
10081:
9808:
8745:
6588:
Wyllie E, Cascino GD, Gidal BE, Goodkin HP (17 February 2012).
6312:
5490:
2180:
2075:
addiction, though it had also been claimed to be effective for
2071:) as well as therapy, is an ineffective treatment promoted for
1761:
1680:
1588:-amino acids is likely to be responsible for this discrepancy.
1556:δ with similar affinity to gabapentin and are present in human
1429:
1385:
1332:
1231:
1079:
Gabapentin is moderately effective in reducing the symptoms of
1008:
973:
889:
581:
384:
6509:
6124:
Grankvist N, Lagerborg KA, Jain M, Nilsson R (December 2018).
5112:
4134:
Kranzler HR, Feinn R, Morris P, Hartwell EE (September 2019).
3076:"Gabapentin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022"
2937:-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors, Neurexins, and Thrombospondins"
16373:
14863:
14633:
14486:
11360:
11198:
11151:
11014:
10559:
8505:
8424:"Gabapentin misuse, abuse and diversion: a systematic review"
8101:
Shebak S, Varipapa R, Snyder A, Whitham MD, Milam TR (2014).
7769:"Hythiam, Shire, Genentech; Talk is proving cheap at Hythiam"
7250:"Examination of the evidence for off-label use of gabapentin"
7049:"Pregabalin and gabapentin to be controlled as Class C drugs"
6769:"Examination of the evidence for off-label use of gabapentin"
6274:
6123:
5998:
5913:
5787:
5113:
Linde M, Mulleners WM, Chronicle EP, McCrory DC (June 2013).
2151:
opined: "most of what Peizer says is dubious-sounding hype".
1956:. Effective 1 July 2017, Kentucky classified gabapentin as a
1848:
1805:
1801:
1773:
1765:
1596:
1592:
1568:
the effects of gabapentin. Accordingly, while gabapentin has
1259:
729:
561:
15281:
6224:
5447:
4283:
634:
16209:
Tooltip Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
16131:
15176:
14834:
14796:
14579:
12249:
11766:
11380:
11249:
11237:
11205:
11023:
10946:
10941:
10662:
8141:
8100:
8051:
4984:
Tran DQ, Duong S, Bertini P, Finlayson RJ (February 2010).
4840:
4324:
4133:
2096:
1952:
Gabapentin is not a controlled substance under the federal
1344:
541:
16105:
13410:
8612:
7724:"The Rise and Fall of a "Miracle Cure" for Drug Addiction"
7612:
7304:
6903:
6510:
Agarwal P, Griffith A, Costantino HR, Vaish N (May 2010).
6315:"Molecular determinants of blood-brain barrier permeation"
6313:
Geldenhuys WJ, Mohammad AS, Adkins CE, Lockman PR (2015).
5963:
5788:
Bonnet U, Richter EL, Isbruch K, Scherbaum N (June 2018).
5347:
4325:
Nielsen S, Gowing L, Sabioni P, Le Foll B (January 2019).
3345:
2983:
12349:
Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs
12032:
11458:
11225:
9760:
6587:
5790:"On the addictive power of gabapentinoids: a mini-review"
5212:
4983:
4089:
3720:
2941:
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
1000:
953:, where it may be used as a second- or third-line agent.
14375:
8663:
8184:
5024:
4592:
2892:
15066:
14886:
8377:
7586:"Prometa under fire in Washington drug court program".
6742:
6591:
Wyllie's Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice
6564:
Pharmacology, An Issue of Anesthesiology Clinics E-Book
6172:
3429:
2720:
1022:
Gabapentin is effective for the long-term treatment of
9548:
8508:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
6706:
5077:
5031:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
4234:
4188:"Gabapentin for the treatment of alcohol use disorder"
4010:
2933:"Analgesia with Gabapentin and Pregabalin May Involve
1152:) and itching of other causes. It may be an option in
16445:
15363:
10244:
7376:"US jury's Neurontin ruling to cost Pfizer $ 141 mln"
6085:
5025:
Hamilton TW, Strickland LH, Pandit HG (August 2016).
4751:
The American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care
3515:
3394:
3298:
3296:
3148:"Pfizer to pay $ 325 million in Neurontin settlement"
2399:
2297:
drugs, namely opioids, benzodiazepines, and alcohol.
1343:, or by people with underlying lung problems such as
9883:
9843:
Tooltip Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors
9828:
Tooltip Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
8185:
Trestman RL, Appelbaum KL, Metzner JL (April 2015).
7369:
7367:
7311:
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
6614:
6466:
5412:
5219:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
3867:
1617:, and in spite of its name, it does not bind to the
853:. Serious side effects include an increased risk of
10204:
Tooltip Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
9868:
8002:
4040:
3671:
3174:
2777:"Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults"
2774:
1211:
Gabapentin Orion 100 mg, bottle and pills in Sweden
1148:. Gabapentin alleviates itching in kidney failure (
892:, used a number of illegal techniques to encourage
469:
8250:
7839:
6608:
6594:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 423.
6407:
5054:
3303:
3293:
2554:
2552:
2367:
1790:Gabapentin is generally safe in people with liver
1163:Gabapentin does not appear to provide benefit for
16398:
15972:
10325:
10218:
9853:
8470:
7427:
7364:
6581:
5694:
4699:
4185:
2689:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2010:brought successfully under the False Claims Act.
1687:of gabapentin is dose-dependent, with diminished
1613:Despite the fact that gabapentin is a structural
1584:range, and competition for binding by endogenous
1461:δ is an auxiliary protein connected to the main α
896:in the United States to prescribe gabapentin for
16469:
16036:
8664:Kirby-Madden T, Waring CT, Herron M (May 2024).
8421:
7683:
7080:. Drug Enforcement Administration. January 2023.
5550:
5548:
4791:
3779:
3175:Montastruc F, Loo SY, Renoux C (November 2018).
1106:. There is insufficient evidence for its use in
449:
16436:Transient receptor potential channel modulators
10519:
9813:Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
8293:
7785:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7486:
7397:"Pfizer faces $ 142M in damages for drug fraud"
6640:
6638:
6360:
6358:
6308:
6306:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6204:
5959:
5957:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5839:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
5744:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5684:
4700:Hercz D, Jiang SH, Webster AC (December 2020).
4636:
4181:
4179:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3170:
3168:
2984:Pitkänen A, Schwartzkroin PA, Moshé SL (2005).
2926:
2924:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2289:Withdrawal symptoms, often resembling those of
1972:
1299:and violent death as compared with a reference
424:
11897:Legal history of cannabis in the United States
8103:"Gabapentin abuse and overdose: a case report"
7551:"Prometa Founder's Spotty Background Explored"
7391:
7389:
6715:
6033:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5304:
4685:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
4502:
4036:
4034:
3916:
2529:
2234:deal primarily with US and do not represent a
2026:Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
1721:) of approximately 1.7 hours, while the T
1710:Gabapentin at a low dose of 100 mg has a
1501:δ protein, gabapentin binds with similar high
869:. Gabapentin acts by decreasing activity of a
16378:Tooltip Transient receptor potential channels
14868:Tooltip Inwardly rectifying potassium channel
13377:
10870:
10505:
10455:
10160:
9467:
8776:
8499:
8464:
8287:
8135:
8045:
8003:Landmark CJ, Johannessen SI (February 2008).
7996:
7953:
7926:
7705:"Unproven meth, cocaine 'remedy' hits market"
6827:
6665:
6081:
6079:
5545:
4932:
4505:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
4416:
4373:
4186:Mason BJ, Quello S, Shadan F (January 2018).
2770:
2768:
2766:
2232:The examples and perspective in this section
2143:criticized Peizer after the company bypassed
968:guideline notes gabapentin effectiveness for
966:European Federation of Neurological Societies
15286:Tooltip Tandem pore domain potassium channel
10897:
8584:"Gabapentin for Dogs: Uses and Side Effects"
8209:
7932:
7519:
7463:
6635:
6503:
6460:
6401:
6355:
6303:
6261:
6201:
6166:
6027:
5992:
5954:
5896:
5852:
5681:
5394:. National Health Service. 16 September 2021
5341:
5298:
5255:
5206:
4693:
4586:
4539:
4496:
4459:
4453:
4410:
4277:
4176:
4127:
4093:The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders
4083:
4047:The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders
3961:
3910:
3856:
3808:
3773:
3560:
3509:
3472:
3466:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3225:
3219:
3165:
2930:
2921:
2879:
2836:
2825:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
1374:
865:. Lower doses are recommended in those with
131:
15184:Tooltip Calcium-activated potassium channel
9753:
8422:Smith RV, Havens JR, Walsh SL (July 2016).
8294:Bonnet U, Scherbaum N (February 2018). "".
7386:
7229:. Virginia Department of Health Professions
7041:
6876:
6651:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 219–220.
6175:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
5731:
5119:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4889:
4706:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4331:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4327:"Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence"
4031:
3967:
3868:Greenblatt HK, Greenblatt DJ (March 2018).
3013:
3011:
2781:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2339:
2337:
2046:U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
1623:
16110:Tooltip Calcium-activated chloride channel
14402:4-Aminopyridine (fampridine/dalfampridine)
13415:Tooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channels
13391:
13384:
13370:
12625:Arguments for and against drug prohibition
10877:
10863:
10512:
10498:
10167:
10153:
9474:
9460:
8783:
8769:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8187:Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry
7763:
7684:Schuster H, Peterson R (7 December 2007).
7660:
7658:
7459:
7457:
7178:Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH)
6621:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1006.
6567:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 98–.
6076:
4643:Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
4290:Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
3098:
3096:
2763:
2250:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
2006:in U.S. history up to that point, and the
1892:Gabapentin was designed by researchers at
1604:branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase
671:
648:
509:
320: Rx-only, schedule 5 in select states
49:
40:
10884:
8790:
8691:
8681:
8640:
8630:
8447:
8346:
8227:
8077:
8028:
7822:
7721:
7702:
7638:
7428:Van Voris B, Lawrence J (26 March 2010).
7322:
7273:
6911:"Gabapentin controlled release – Depomed"
6859:
6795:
6721:
6537:
6527:
6443:
6433:
6338:
6149:
6059:
5541:https://doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.6fdaa9de
5516:
5450:International Clinical Psychopharmacology
5238:
5189:
5179:
5138:
5001:
4960:
4950:
4866:
4817:
4725:
4662:
4350:
4301:
4260:
4211:
4159:
4066:
4041:Berlin RK, Butler PM, Perloff MD (2015).
3944:
3934:
3885:
3874:Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development
3756:
3746:
3697:
3648:
3638:
3597:
3543:
3533:
3371:
3332:
3262:
3202:
3192:
2952:
2862:
2808:
2738:
2705:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2452:
2266:Learn how and when to remove this message
1691:and delayed peak levels at higher doses.
1326:
1040:, gabapentin has produced mixed results.
884:million prescriptions. During the 1990s,
529:
14380:Tooltip Voltage-gated potassium channels
12599:Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S.
12296:
8189:. Oxford University Press. p. 167.
7935:Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs
6554:
5261:
4792:Schneider SA, Deuschl G (January 2014).
3008:
2434:
2334:
1866:
1819:
1307:. The risk is increased for people with
1206:
980:may work better than either drug alone.
15074:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel
14894:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel
12635:Capital punishment for drug trafficking
11690:Neocannabinoid / synthetic cannabinoids
9496:
8542:
8296:Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie
8058:The British Journal of General Practice
7740:
7734:
7696:
7677:
7655:
7454:
7373:
6882:
6840:Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease
6728:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 13–.
6644:
6119:
6117:
6034:Manville RW, Abbott GW (October 2018).
4192:Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
3145:
3117:10.7326/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00013
3093:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2345:"International listings for Gabapentin"
1133:more effectively prevents hot flashes.
644:
489:
104:
14:
16470:
12526:Office of National Drug Control Policy
12314:International drug control conventions
9553:Tooltip positive allosteric modulators
9536:
9481:
8577:
8575:
7664:
7530:
7345:
6959:"Re: Pregabalin and Gabapentin advice"
6833:
6722:Johnson DS, Li JJ (26 February 2013).
6516:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
6364:
4419:Current Treatment Options in Neurology
3822:Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
3102:
3004:from the original on 8 September 2017.
2619:
2501:
2481:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
2428:
1963:
1925:
1904:GABA that could more easily cross the
1699:the transit time of gabapentin in the
1404:off gradually at an appropriate rate.
1125:Gabapentin decreases the frequency of
972:. A combination of gabapentin with an
662:
303:
15368:Tooltip Voltage-gated sodium channels
13365:
12717:
12295:
11867:List of cannabis rights organizations
11814:
10896:
10858:
10493:
10479:
10478:
10249:Tooltip monoamine reuptake inhibitors
10148:
9455:
8764:
8749:
7561:
7382:from the original on 19 October 2015.
7241:
7004:
6760:
6709:"Process For Synthesis Of Gabapentin"
5867:
5615:from the original on 22 December 2019
5570:from the original on 22 December 2019
4748:
3268:
2990:. Burlington: Elsevier. p. 539.
2607:from the original on 16 December 2014
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2048:upheld the verdict, and in 2013, the
1497:. Out of the four known isoforms of α
1369:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1060:after prolonged use at higher doses.
908:Gabapentin is recommended for use in
610:
589:
569:
315:
122:
90:
15303:12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
9888:Tooltip Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
8594:from the original on 6 December 2022
8473:Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
8210:Goodman CW, Brett AS (August 2017).
7247:
6766:
6560:
6114:
5307:Journal of the Neurological Sciences
4637:Berger TG, Steinhoff M (June 2011).
3289:from the original on 6 January 2016.
3017:
2671:
2218:
2191:Parke-Davis developed a drug called
2175:In the US, Neurontin is marketed by
1737:of gabapentin by approximately 10%.
1182:
616:
239:
14397:3,4-Diaminopyridine (amifampridine)
9873:Tooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants
8572:
8216:The New England Journal of Medicine
8009:Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry
7667:"Curb Your Cravings For This Stock"
7569:"United States V. Terren S. Peizer"
7487:Lawrence Hurley (9 December 2013).
3056:from the original on 30 August 2024
2837:Risher WC, Eroglu C (August 2020).
2214:
1776:(SLC22A5). It is not significantly
1658:
1440:
1282:are rare but serious side effects.
943:
819:medication primarily used to treat
549:
440:
76:CI-945; GOE-3450; DM-1796 (Gralise)
24:
12419:Law Enforcement Action Partnership
10578:voltage-dependent calcium channels
7588:Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly
7360:from the original on 23 June 2006.
7199:"Controlled Substances Amendments"
6001:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
5966:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
5920:Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
5653:(Online ahead of print): 144–154.
4237:"Gabapentin for smoking cessation"
2931:Taylor CP, Harris EW (July 2020).
2895:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
2580:
2517:from the original on 3 August 2023
1783:Gabapentin undergoes little or no
1467:voltage-dependent calcium channels
1074:
25:
16519:
16403:Tooltip Ligand gated ion channels
15977:Tooltip Epithelial sodium channel
12436:Students for Sensible Drug Policy
10745:Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids)
10330:Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants
10223:Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants
9858:Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants
8712:
8581:
7553:. 3 November 2006. Archived from
7531:Pelley S, ed. (7 December 2007).
6935:. 17 October 2018. Archived from
4376:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
3475:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
2375:"Gabapentin Use During Pregnancy"
2300:
1935:
1910:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
1729:of gabapentin and increases the C
999:. Gabapentin is not effective in
266:
154:
16455:
16041:Tooltip Acid-sensing ion channel
12441:Transform Drug Policy Foundation
12335:Other treaties addressing drugs
11815:
8750:
8719:
8657:
8606:
8485:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00638.x
8415:
8371:
8322:
8244:
8203:
8178:
8094:
8054:"Substance misuse of gabapentin"
7900:
7875:
7853:
7779:
7757:
7715:
7631:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03619.x
7606:
7579:
7543:
7499:
7480:
7421:
7339:
7298:
7254:Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy
7216:
7191:
7166:
7138:
7113:
7099:Kentucky State Board of Pharmacy
7084:
7067:
6998:
6972:
6951:
6921:
6776:Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy
6700:
6239:10.2165/11536200-000000000-00000
5747:European Neuropsychopharmacology
5625:
5580:
5350:Journal of Clinical Neuroscience
4904:10.2165/11538180-000000000-00000
3444:10.2165/00003495-200666130-00004
3409:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00200.x
2740:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02999.x
2649:10.2165/00003495-199346030-00007
2414:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00200.x
2223:
2186:
1947:
702:
696:
13274:Regulation of therapeutic goods
13198:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
12759:Opium production in Afghanistan
8144:Journal of Psychiatric Practice
7722:Humphreys K (24 January 2012).
7464:Jason Husgen (3 October 2013).
7405:. 25 March 2010. Archived from
5870:Current Opinion in Pharmacology
5831:
5781:
5759:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.08.430
5637:
5592:
5533:
5484:
5441:
5406:
5384:
5155:
5106:
5092:10.1044/1059-0889(2011/10-0041)
5071:
5018:
4990:Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
4977:
4926:
4883:
4834:
4785:
4742:
4630:
4474:10.1136/practneurol-2011-000181
4367:
4318:
4241:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
4228:
4004:
3714:
3665:
3614:
3423:
3388:
3240:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0086
3139:
3068:
3038:
2987:Models of Seizures and Epilepsy
2977:
2843:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
2154:
2036:to just under $ 142.1 million.
1958:schedule V controlled substance
1930:
1548:, which resemble gabapentin in
1435:
1238:(swelling of extremities), and
1202:
903:
786:Key:UGJMXCAKCUNAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
13859:Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA)
13222:of tobacco or other substances
10694:positive allosteric modulators
4718:10.1002/14651858.CD011393.pub2
4343:10.1002/14651858.CD008940.pub3
3522:Pain Research & Management
2793:10.1002/14651858.CD007938.pub4
2495:
2469:
2393:
2163:
2028:(RICO) Act and was liable for
2008:first off-label promotion case
1756:concentration. Due to its low
1752:is approximately 9–14% of its
1748:. Gabapentin concentration in
1355:surgery increased the risk of
1169:complex regional pain syndrome
705:
690:
292:
279:
13:
1:
16432:Receptor/signaling modulators
13834:Leconotide (ω-conotoxin CVID)
13254:Needle and syringe programmes
13203:Long-term effects of cannabis
12604:Psilocybin mushrooms legality
12531:School district drug policies
8393:10.1080/15563650.2018.1538518
8348:10.1080/15563650.2019.1687902
7741:Ramshaw E (20 January 2008).
7703:Kari Huus (5 February 2007).
6887:. GoodRx, Inc. Archived from
5932:10.1080/14737175.2016.1202764
5697:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
5276:10.1517/14740338.2016.1112376
5264:Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
5080:American Journal of Audiology
4204:10.1080/13543784.2018.1417383
3590:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70251-0
3275:. W. W. Norton. p. 124.
3024:. AuthorHouse. pp. 63–.
2727:European Journal of Neurology
2327:
2018:Kaiser Foundation Health Plan
1639:, and does not modulate GABA
361:Not significantly metabolized
288:(Other controlled substances)
12324:1971 Psychotropic Substances
10673:Dopamine reuptake inhibitors
8156:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000403
7686:"Prescription For Addiction"
7665:Alpert B (7 November 2005).
7533:"Prescription For Addiction"
6618:Practical Management of Pain
6481:10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.10.022
6367:Chemistry & Biodiversity
6100:10.1016/0920-1211(95)00028-9
5608:Food and Drug Administration
5562:Food and Drug Administration
5462:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000242
5392:"Side effects of gabapentin"
5181:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002369
4859:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318236f0fd
4639:"Pruritus and renal failure"
3982:10.1097/WNF.0b013e3181cda242
3834:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318059361a
3748:10.1371/journal.pone.0014433
3640:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002369
3487:10.1517/14656566.2014.915029
3269:Sobel SV (5 November 2012).
2286:abuse and recreational use.
2209:Food and Drug Administration
1942:class C controlled substance
1862:
1835:of GABA. Therefore, it is a
1815:
1808:. It has a relatively short
1007:and neuropathic pain due to
811:, sold under the brand name
7:
13112:Pharmaceutical distribution
12749:Coca production in Colombia
12200:Counterculture of the 1960s
10825:Orexin receptor antagonists
7374:Berkrot B (25 March 2010).
6834:Irving G (September 2012).
6142:10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01031
5647:Annals of Internal Medicine
3105:Annals of Internal Medicine
2312:, different kinds of pain (
2246:, discuss the issue on the
2207:) was approved by the U.S.
2055:
2052:declined to hear the case.
2014:Kaiser Foundation Hospitals
1628:Tooltip Îł-aminobutyric acid
1415:
931:
916:. Gabapentin is prescribed
10:
16524:
15395:Antiarrhythmics (class I):
13284:Substance abuse prevention
13259:Opioid replacement therapy
10641:Dopamine receptor agonists
8021:10.1177/1177391X0800200001
7871:– via Business Wire.
7863:. Pfizer. 16 November 2020
7847:"Gralise Approval History"
7815:10.1038/s41467-023-40637-8
7266:10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.6.559
7224:"Scheduling of Gabapentin"
6788:10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.6.559
6750:"Drug Profile: Gabapentin"
6674:Future Medicinal Chemistry
6187:10.1016/j.ejps.2008.06.015
6013:10.1016/j.tips.2007.03.005
5978:10.1016/j.tips.2006.12.006
5882:10.1016/j.coph.2005.11.003
5362:10.1016/j.jocn.2018.09.019
4657:(inactive 6 August 2024).
4655:10.1016/j.sder.2011.04.005
4517:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.12.011
3970:Clinical Neuropharmacology
3364:10.1038/s41380-021-01386-6
3318:10.3310/nihrevidence_54173
2907:10.1016/j.tips.2013.04.001
2855:10.1016/j.conb.2020.04.007
2513:(published 4 April 2023).
2183:was spun off from Pfizer.
1981:
1887:
1285:
1014:
871:subset of calcium channels
680:Chemical and physical data
16508:Drugs developed by Pfizer
16425:
16396:
16371:
16364:
16298:
16291:
16244:
16216:
16202:
16180:
16117:
16103:
16094:
16048:
16034:
16012:
15984:
15970:
15913:
15905:Tricyclic antidepressants
15375:
15361:
15352:
15326:
15293:
15279:
15223:
15191:
15174:
15055:
14914:Glibenclamide (glyburide)
14875:
14861:
14824:
14387:
14373:
14364:
14332:
13422:
13399:
13297:
13289:Supervised injection site
13231:
13146:
12772:
12739:
12728:
12724:
12718:
12713:
12617:
12579:Anabolic steroid legality
12566:
12451:
12359:
12344:Convention Against Doping
12339:Law of the Sea Convention
12306:
12302:
12291:
12270:Urban legends about drugs
12182:
12134:
12071:
11968:
11935:
11827:
11823:
11810:
11747:
11720:
11658:
11604:
11505:
11410:
11401:
11346:
11179:
11042:
10907:
10903:
10892:
10838:
10795:NMDA receptor antagonists
10651:Dopamine releasing agents
10528:
10487:
10402:NMDA receptor antagonists
10356:
10266:
10189:
10105:
10009:
9950:
9927:
9798:
9745:
9727:
9534:
9494:
9412:
9347:
9303:
9296:
9274:
9183:
9050:
9039:
9003:
8964:
8812:
8803:
8758:
8520:10.2460/javma.251.10.1175
8265:10.1007/s40265-017-0700-x
7974:10.1007/s11095-011-0490-x
7324:10.1017/S1461145712000491
7125:West Virginia Legislature
6883:Orrange S (31 May 2013).
6725:The Art of Drug Synthesis
6648:Drug Discovery: A History
6289:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.03.022
6227:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
5319:10.1016/j.jns.2017.09.019
5131:10.1002/14651858.CD010609
5003:10.1007/s12630-009-9237-0
4810:10.1007/s13311-013-0230-5
4794:"The treatment of tremor"
4431:10.1007/s11940-011-0154-5
4388:10.1517/14656560902978446
4013:American Family Physician
3146:Stempel J (2 June 2014).
2454:10.1007/s40263-014-0164-4
2291:benzodiazepine withdrawal
1954:Controlled Substances Act
1740:Gabapentin can cross the
1455:δ calcium channel subunit
1375:Withdrawal and dependence
1171:, post-surgical pain, or
794:
769:
749:
727:
714:
684:
679:
660:
628:
600:
580:
560:
540:
520:
500:
480:
460:
435:
415:
395:
390:
378:
365:
355:
345:
335:
327:
256:
251:
226:
214:
200:
188:
168:
142:
112:
98:
80:
72:
62:
57:
48:
39:
27:Anticonvulsant medication
16493:Calcium channel blockers
13085:Turks and Caicos Islands
12594:Methamphetamine legality
11907:Marijuana Policy Project
10898:Major recreational drugs
8559:Plumb's Veterinary Drugs
7346:Tansey B (14 May 2004).
7075:"Gabapentin (Neurontin)"
6852:10.1177/2040622312452905
6435:10.1073/pnas.96.21.12079
6277:Biochemical Pharmacology
5709:10.1177/1060028015620800
4763:10.1177/1049909112445464
4564:10.1177/1352458516643600
3936:10.3389/fneur.2017.00316
2435:Schifano F (June 2014).
2099:) were published in the
1871:Synthesis of gabapentin.
1778:bound to plasma proteins
1675:process mediated via an
1621:, does not convert into
1566:competitively antagonize
1113:
1043:
15518:Eslicarbazepine acetate
11862:Cannabis rights leaders
9505:Tooltip 5-HT1A receptor
9143:Eslicarbazepine acetate
7962:Pharmaceutical Research
7671:The Wall Street Journal
7470:Healthcare Law Insights
7353:San Francisco Chronicle
6561:Kaye AD (5 June 2017).
3794:10.1001/jama.2017.21547
3194:10.1001/jama.2018.12358
3018:Reed D (2 March 2012).
2954:10.1124/jpet.120.266056
2511:Diário Oficial da União
2140:The Dallas Morning News
1992:Franklin v. Parke-Davis
1984:Franklin v. Parke-Davis
1974:Franklin v. Parke-Davis
1735:area-under-curve levels
1576:δ subunit, its potency
1024:social anxiety disorder
15262:Rottlerin (mallotoxin)
13393:Ion channel modulators
12670:Politics of drug abuse
11638:Mandragora officinarum
10759:nACh receptor agonists
9545:Tooltip GABAA receptor
7594:(3). 21 January 2008.
7402:Bloomberg Businessweek
7203:Utah State Legislature
6379:10.1002/cbdv.200900114
6052:10.1124/mol.118.112953
6040:Molecular Pharmacology
5809:10.24869/psyd.2018.142
3923:Frontiers in Neurology
3228:JAMA Internal Medicine
2032:in damages, which was
1915:postherpetic neuralgia
1872:
1828:Gabapentin is a 3,3-di
1825:
1746:central nervous system
1677:amino acid transporter
1357:respiratory depression
1327:Respiratory depression
1276:respiratory depression
1222:are the most frequent
1212:
1146:restless legs syndrome
1050:restless legs syndrome
958:postherpetic neuralgia
859:respiratory depression
833:postherpetic neuralgia
13619:Ryodipine (riodipine)
13030:Saint Kitts and Nevis
12329:1988 Drug Trafficking
11922:Cannabis and religion
10886:Recreational drug use
10845:Recreational drug use
10781:Nitric oxide prodrugs
8308:10.1055/s-0043-122392
8070:10.3399/bjgp12X653516
7795:Nature Communications
7557:on 23 September 2015.
5427:10.1001/jama.2010.410
5043:10.2106/jbjs.15.01202
3578:The Lancet. Neurology
3046:"The Top 300 of 2022"
2042:employer health plans
2034:automatically trebled
1870:
1823:
1810:elimination half-life
1649:GABA aminotransferase
1632:GABA receptor agonist
1210:
15608:Valproate semisodium
14139:Carboxyamidotriazole
14074:Gabapentin enacarbil
14054:Arbaclofen placarbil
13279:Responsible drug use
13090:United Arab Emirates
12409:Drug Policy Alliance
12297:Legality of drug use
11902:Legality of cannabis
11877:Cannabis Social Club
11847:Cannabis cultivation
11842:Cannabis consumption
11673:Cannabis (Marijuana)
11495:Psilocybin mushrooms
10268:Ion channel blockers
9780:Gabapentin enacarbil
8588:American Kennel Club
8229:10.1056/NEJMp1704633
8110:J Subst Abus Alcohol
7767:(13 November 2007).
6815:on 17 September 2010
6319:Therapeutic Delivery
5797:Psychiatria Danubina
5611:. 19 December 2019.
5566:. 19 December 2019.
5231:10.1210/jc.2014-3421
5059:on 29 September 2020
4105:10.4088/PCC.19r02465
4059:10.4088/PCC.15r01821
3352:Molecular Psychiatry
2244:improve this section
2205:gabapentin enacarbil
1564:δ subunit, and they
1252:erectile dysfunction
1063:Gabapentin enhances
1028:preoperative anxiety
951:trigeminal neuralgia
938:generalized epilepsy
849:are the most common
815:among others, is an
16259:1,10-Phenanthroline
14816:Spooky toxin (SsTx)
13801:Tetrahydropalmatine
13337:Tobacco consumption
13307:Alcohol consumption
13249:Drug rehabilitation
13186:Effects of cannabis
12910:Indian Ocean region
12690:Philippine drug war
12319:1961 Narcotic Drugs
11000:nail polish remover
10520:Drugs which induce
8845:Methylphenobarbital
8683:10.3390/ani14101462
8632:10.3390/ani13122045
8381:Clinical Toxicology
8335:Clinical Toxicology
7807:2023NatCo..14.5005C
7753:on 27 October 2010.
7747:Dallas Morning News
7174:"Pharmacy Division"
6426:1999PNAS...9612079B
6420:(21): 12079–12084.
4462:Practical Neurology
3739:2010PLoSO...514433P
3690:10.1503/cmaj.171333
3535:10.1155/2007/730785
2355:on 16 February 2016
1964:Off-label promotion
1926:Society and culture
1906:blood–brain barrier
1750:cerebrospinal fluid
1742:blood–brain barrier
1683:. As a result, the
1558:cerebrospinal fluid
1136:Gabapentin reduces
1108:cannabis dependence
1058:withdrawal symptoms
962:diabetic neuropathy
829:diabetic neuropathy
761:O=C(O)CC1(CN)CCCCC1
275:(Prescription only)
36:
16269:7,8-Benzoquinoline
16264:4,7-Phenanthroline
16254:1,7-Phenanthroline
15630:Local anesthetics:
15162:ML-297 (VU0456810)
14669:Diallyl trisulfide
14664:Dextropropoxyphene
14567:Tetraethylammonium
14274:Pinaverium bromide
14044:4-Methylpregabalin
13193:Drug-related crime
12870:Dominican Republic
12780:Illegal drug trade
12255:Religion and drugs
12210:Drug paraphernalia
12190:Chasing the dragon
12149:Fashion cigarettes
11730:Calea zacatechichi
11425:Psychoactive toads
11135:Mitragyna speciosa
11087:Dextropropoxyphene
11029:Nonbenzodiazepines
10937:Alcoholic beverage
10722:nonbenzodiazepines
10132:Never to phase III
9439:Never to phase III
7914:. 16 November 2020
7728:Washington Monthly
7600:10.1002/adaw.20121
7409:on 19 October 2015
6986:. 10 November 2017
6968:. 14 January 2016.
6686:10.4155/fmc.10.287
6645:Sneader W (2005).
4952:10.3390/ph14090834
4596:Movement Disorders
4552:Multiple Sclerosis
4511:(6): 564–579.e12.
4253:10.1093/ntr/ntp195
2693:. 20 November 2013
2601:Medscape Reference
2123:snake oil salesman
2004:one of the largest
1884:prepared in situ.
1882:sodium hypobromite
1877:chemical synthesis
1873:
1826:
1572:affinity for the α
1550:chemical structure
1213:
1158:orthostatic tremor
1142:multiple sclerosis
1120:pendular nystagmus
1081:alcohol withdrawal
1005:sensory neuropathy
888:, a subsidiary of
878:generic medication
863:allergic reactions
32:
16503:Gamma-Amino acids
16443:
16442:
16421:
16420:
16360:
16359:
16356:
16355:
16318:Meclofenamic acid
16287:
16286:
16198:
16197:
16090:
16089:
16086:
16085:
16030:
16029:
15966:
15965:
15840:RG7893 (GDC-0287)
15603:Valproate pivoxil
15493:Acetylpheneturide
15348:
15347:
15344:
15343:
15275:
15274:
15247:Meclofenamic acid
15210:Ethanol (alcohol)
15170:
15169:
15119:Minoxidil sulfate
14857:
14856:
14360:
14359:
14356:
14355:
14259:Otilonium bromide
14184:Ethanol (alcohol)
13948:ω-Conotoxin MVIIC
13684:Phenylalkylamines
13359:
13358:
13353:
13352:
13349:
13348:
13345:
13344:
13264:Pharmacovigilance
13244:Drug legalization
13142:
13141:
12709:
12708:
12705:
12704:
12640:Cognitive liberty
12584:Cannabis legality
12372:Decriminalization
12287:
12286:
12283:
12282:
12169:Smoking fetishism
11806:
11805:
11802:
11801:
11743:
11742:
11623:Atropa belladonna
10990:contact adhesives
10932:Ethanol (alcohol)
10852:
10851:
10710:ethanol (alcohol)
10533:ÎĽ-Opioid receptor
10481:Recreational uses
10472:
10471:
10466:
10465:
10374:Botulinum toxin A
10364:Alpha lipoic acid
10310:Local anesthetics
10183:pharmacotherapies
10142:
10141:
9714:Ethanol (alcohol)
9622:Ethyl loflazepate
9449:
9448:
9408:
9407:
9292:
9291:
9276:Potassium openers
9194:Oxazolidinediones
9126:Valproate pivoxil
9091:Acetylpheneturide
9035:
9034:
8990:Valproate pivoxil
8966:GABA-T inhibitors
8936:potassium bromide
8514:(10): 1175–1181.
8440:10.1111/add.13324
8196:978-0-19-936057-4
7968:(10): 2610–2627.
7055:. 15 October 2018
7019:10.1136/bmj.k4364
6735:978-1-118-67846-6
6658:978-0-470-01552-0
6628:978-0-323-17080-2
6601:978-1-4511-5348-4
6574:978-0-323-52998-3
6529:10.2147/NDT.S5712
6373:(11): 2071–2083.
6331:10.4155/tde.15.32
6283:(11): 1672–1683.
6136:(49): 6762–6766.
6088:Epilepsy Research
5926:(11): 1263–1277.
5847:978-0-9626523-7-0
5753:(12): 1185–1215.
5509:10.1136/bmj.l2147
5421:(14): 1401–1409.
5037:(16): 1340–1350.
4898:(17): 2215–2228.
4853:(19): 1752–1755.
4798:Neurotherapeutics
4608:10.1002/mds.27260
4558:(11): 1386–1396.
4382:(11): 1805–1816.
4152:10.1111/add.14655
3684:(26): E786–E793.
3481:(10): 1417–1426.
3438:(13): 1701–1725.
3397:Bipolar Disorders
3282:978-0-393-70857-8
3187:(20): 2149–2151.
3031:978-1-4685-4410-7
2997:978-0-08-045702-4
2505:(31 March 2023).
2402:Bipolar Disorders
2381:. 2 December 2019
2276:
2275:
2268:
2030:US$ 47.36 million
1587:
1545:
1538:
1349:joint replacement
1280:suicidal ideation
1264:inflamed pancreas
1183:Contraindications
1177:episodic migraine
1096:opiate withdrawal
1092:smoking cessation
922:anxiety disorders
806:
805:
740:Interactive image
630:CompTox Dashboard
319:
307:
295:
283:
270:
158:
125:
68:Neurontin, others
16:(Redirected from
16515:
16460:
16459:
16458:
16451:
16404:
16400:
16379:
16375:
16369:
16368:
16296:
16295:
16214:
16213:
16210:
16206:
16115:
16114:
16111:
16107:
16101:
16100:
16046:
16045:
16042:
16038:
15982:
15981:
15978:
15974:
15593:Sodium valproate
15508:Chlorphenacemide
15490:Anticonvulsants:
15373:
15372:
15369:
15365:
15359:
15358:
15308:Arachidonic acid
15291:
15290:
15287:
15283:
15189:
15188:
15185:
15181:
15158:
15154:
15075:
15071:
15027:Dextromethorphan
15003:
14999:
14895:
14891:
14873:
14872:
14869:
14865:
14385:
14384:
14381:
14377:
14371:
14370:
14343:L-type-selective
14154:Dimeditiapramine
14116:Others/unsorted:
13898:T-type-selective
13885:R-type-selective
13867:P-type-selective
13819:ω-Conotoxin GVIA
13809:N-type-selective
13439:Dihydropyridines
13433:L-type-selective
13420:
13419:
13416:
13412:
13406:
13405:
13386:
13379:
13372:
13363:
13362:
13181:Drug harmfulness
13176:Driving impaired
12995:Papua New Guinea
12764:Rolling meth lab
12737:
12736:
12726:
12725:
12715:
12714:
12680:Mexican drug war
12589:Cocaine legality
12574:Alcohol legality
12404:Demand reduction
12392:Supply reduction
12304:
12303:
12293:
12292:
11970:Drinking culture
11912:Medical cannabis
11872:Cannabis smoking
11829:Cannabis culture
11825:
11824:
11812:
11811:
11788:recreational use
11633:Hyoscyamus niger
11594:Salvia divinorum
11577:Amanita muscaria
11539:recreational use
11519:recreational use
11408:
11407:
10976:recreational use
10905:
10904:
10894:
10893:
10879:
10872:
10865:
10856:
10855:
10514:
10507:
10500:
10491:
10490:
10476:
10475:
10457:
10454:Sodium oxybate (
10410:dextromethorphan
10331:
10327:
10250:
10246:
10224:
10220:
10205:
10201:
10176:Neuropathic pain
10169:
10162:
10155:
10146:
10145:
9978:Alpha-2 agonists
9968:Alpha-1 blockers
9961:
9889:
9885:
9874:
9870:
9859:
9855:
9844:
9840:
9829:
9825:
9814:
9810:
9768:
9762:
9759:
9587:Chlordiazepoxide
9554:
9550:
9546:
9542:
9506:
9502:
9476:
9469:
9462:
9453:
9452:
9301:
9300:
9185:Calcium blockers
9096:Chlorphenacemide
9048:
9047:
9022:GAT-1 inhibitors
8810:
8809:
8785:
8778:
8771:
8762:
8761:
8747:
8746:
8723:
8722:
8706:
8705:
8695:
8685:
8661:
8655:
8654:
8644:
8634:
8610:
8604:
8603:
8601:
8599:
8579:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8565:
8551:
8540:
8539:
8503:
8497:
8496:
8468:
8462:
8461:
8451:
8434:(7): 1160–1174.
8419:
8413:
8412:
8375:
8369:
8368:
8350:
8326:
8320:
8319:
8291:
8285:
8284:
8248:
8242:
8241:
8231:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8182:
8176:
8175:
8139:
8133:
8132:
8131:on 2 March 2019.
8130:
8124:. Archived from
8107:
8098:
8092:
8091:
8081:
8064:(601): 406–407.
8049:
8043:
8042:
8032:
8000:
7994:
7993:
7957:
7951:
7950:
7930:
7924:
7923:
7921:
7919:
7904:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7893:
7879:
7873:
7872:
7870:
7868:
7857:
7851:
7850:
7843:
7837:
7836:
7826:
7792:
7783:
7777:
7776:
7773:Biotech Notebook
7761:
7755:
7754:
7749:. Archived from
7738:
7732:
7731:
7719:
7713:
7712:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7681:
7675:
7674:
7662:
7653:
7652:
7642:
7610:
7604:
7603:
7583:
7577:
7576:
7565:
7559:
7558:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7528:
7517:
7516:
7503:
7497:
7496:
7484:
7478:
7477:
7461:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7447:
7438:. Archived from
7425:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7414:
7393:
7384:
7383:
7371:
7362:
7361:
7343:
7337:
7336:
7326:
7302:
7296:
7295:
7277:
7245:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7228:
7220:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7209:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7170:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7150:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7117:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7106:
7096:
7088:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7071:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7060:
7045:
7039:
7038:
7002:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6976:
6970:
6969:
6963:
6955:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6925:
6919:
6918:
6907:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6880:
6874:
6873:
6863:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6814:
6808:. Archived from
6799:
6773:
6764:
6758:
6757:
6746:
6740:
6739:
6719:
6713:
6712:
6704:
6698:
6697:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6642:
6633:
6632:
6612:
6606:
6605:
6585:
6579:
6578:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6541:
6531:
6507:
6501:
6500:
6464:
6458:
6457:
6447:
6437:
6405:
6399:
6398:
6362:
6353:
6352:
6342:
6310:
6301:
6300:
6272:
6259:
6258:
6222:
6199:
6198:
6170:
6164:
6163:
6153:
6121:
6112:
6111:
6083:
6074:
6073:
6063:
6046:(4): 1155–1163.
6031:
6025:
6024:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5961:
5952:
5951:
5911:
5894:
5893:
5865:
5850:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5794:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5742:
5729:
5728:
5692:
5679:
5678:
5659:10.7326/M23-0849
5641:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5604:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5552:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5520:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5242:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5193:
5183:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5142:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5058:
5053:. Archived from
5022:
5016:
5015:
5005:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4964:
4954:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4870:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4821:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4729:
4712:(12): CD011393.
4697:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4676:
4666:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4602:(7): 1077–1091.
4590:
4584:
4583:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4354:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4305:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4264:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4215:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4163:
4146:(9): 1547–1555.
4131:
4125:
4124:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4070:
4038:
4029:
4028:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3948:
3938:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3889:
3887:10.1002/cpdd.446
3865:
3854:
3853:
3817:
3806:
3805:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3750:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3642:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3569:
3558:
3557:
3547:
3537:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3375:
3358:(3): 1339–1349.
3343:
3330:
3329:
3307:
3300:
3291:
3290:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3206:
3196:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3015:
3006:
3005:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2956:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2890:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2834:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2772:
2761:
2760:
2742:
2733:(9): 1113–1e88.
2718:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2680:
2669:
2668:
2632:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2593:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2556:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2351:. Archived from
2341:
2271:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2215:Recreational use
2170:extended-release
2145:clinical studies
2050:US Supreme Court
2031:
2022:neuropathic pain
1902:neurotransmitter
1857:conformationally
1685:pharmacokinetics
1673:active transport
1659:Pharmacokinetics
1629:
1625:
1585:
1543:
1536:
1445:Gabapentin is a
1441:Pharmacodynamics
1365:neuropathic pain
1309:bipolar disorder
1278:, and increased
1236:peripheral edema
1165:bipolar disorder
1026:and in reducing
944:Neuropathic pain
926:bipolar disorder
914:neuropathic pain
883:
825:neuropathic pain
821:partial seizures
802:
801:
742:
722:
707:
704:
698:
692:
675:
664:
653:
652:
638:
636:
620:
614:
593:
573:
553:
533:
513:
493:
473:
453:
443:
442:
428:
370:
317:
314:
305:
302:
294:
291:
281:
278:
268:
265:
243:
156:
153:
135:
124:
121:
108:
94:
53:
44:
37:
35:
31:
21:
16523:
16522:
16518:
16517:
16516:
16514:
16513:
16512:
16483:Anticonvulsants
16468:
16467:
16466:
16456:
16454:
16446:
16444:
16439:
16417:
16402:
16392:
16377:
16352:
16348:Trifluoperazine
16343:Tolfenamic acid
16313:Flufenamic acid
16283:
16240:
16208:
16194:
16176:
16142:Flufenamic acid
16137:Ethacrynic acid
16109:
16082:
16040:
16026:
16008:
15976:
15962:
15909:
15740:Metabutoxycaine
15705:Diphenhydramine
15695:Cyclomethycaine
15660:Levobupivacaine
15367:
15340:
15322:
15285:
15271:
15267:Tolfenamic acid
15242:Flufenamic acid
15237:
15219:
15205:
15183:
15180:
15166:
15156:
15073:
15070:
15051:
15001:
14893:
14890:
14867:
14853:
14838:
14820:
14800:
14709:Norpropoxyphene
14586:11.1)-specific:
14585:
14379:
14352:
14328:
14284:Rhynchophylline
14034:
13414:
13395:
13390:
13360:
13355:
13354:
13341:
13299:
13293:
13269:Reagent testing
13227:
13218:Passive smoking
13148:
13138:
12768:
12754:Drug precursors
12741:
12732:
12730:
12720:
12701:
12655:Drug possession
12630:Cannabis rights
12613:
12609:Salvia legality
12562:
12453:
12447:
12355:
12298:
12279:
12260:Self-medication
12178:
12174:Tobacco smoking
12136:Smoking culture
12130:
12067:
11964:
11931:
11887:Cannabis vaping
11857:Cannabis rights
11852:Cannabis edible
11819:
11798:
11739:
11735:Silene capensis
11716:
11654:
11650:Diphenhydramine
11600:
11501:
11397:
11342:
11294:Methylphenidate
11284:Methamphetamine
11175:
11038:
10922:Benzodiazepines
10899:
10888:
10883:
10853:
10848:
10834:
10714:alcoholic drink
10702:benzodiazepines
10690:
10681:methylphenidate
10659:methamphetamine
10619:
10573:
10524:
10518:
10483:
10473:
10468:
10467:
10462:
10352:
10329:
10276:Anticonvulsants
10262:
10248:
10222:
10203:
10185:
10173:
10143:
10138:
10137:
10122:Clinical trials
10101:
10005:
9986:dexmedetomidine
9958:Antiadrenergics
9955:
9954:
9946:
9923:
9887:
9872:
9857:
9842:
9827:
9812:
9800:Antidepressants
9794:
9757:
9750:
9749:
9741:
9723:
9562:Benzodiazepines
9552:
9544:
9540:
9530:
9504:
9500:
9490:
9480:
9450:
9445:
9444:
9429:Clinical trials
9404:
9343:
9288:
9270:
9179:
9052:Sodium blockers
9042:
9031:
8999:
8960:
8880:Benzodiazepines
8817:
8799:
8792:Anticonvulsants
8789:
8754:
8744:
8743:
8742:
8724:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8709:
8662:
8658:
8611:
8607:
8597:
8595:
8580:
8573:
8563:
8561:
8553:
8552:
8543:
8504:
8500:
8469:
8465:
8420:
8416:
8376:
8372:
8327:
8323:
8292:
8288:
8249:
8245:
8208:
8204:
8197:
8183:
8179:
8140:
8136:
8128:
8105:
8099:
8095:
8050:
8046:
8001:
7997:
7958:
7954:
7931:
7927:
7917:
7915:
7906:
7905:
7901:
7891:
7889:
7881:
7880:
7876:
7866:
7864:
7859:
7858:
7854:
7845:
7844:
7840:
7790:
7784:
7780:
7762:
7758:
7739:
7735:
7720:
7716:
7701:
7697:
7682:
7678:
7663:
7656:
7611:
7607:
7585:
7584:
7580:
7575:. 1 March 2023.
7573:www.justice.gov
7567:
7566:
7562:
7549:
7548:
7544:
7529:
7520:
7505:
7504:
7500:
7485:
7481:
7462:
7455:
7445:
7443:
7426:
7422:
7412:
7410:
7395:
7394:
7387:
7372:
7365:
7356:. p. C-1.
7344:
7340:
7303:
7299:
7248:Mack A (2003).
7246:
7242:
7232:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7221:
7217:
7207:
7205:
7197:
7196:
7192:
7182:
7180:
7172:
7171:
7167:
7157:
7155:
7148:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7129:
7127:
7119:
7118:
7114:
7104:
7102:
7094:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7077:
7073:
7072:
7068:
7058:
7056:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7003:
6999:
6989:
6987:
6978:
6977:
6973:
6961:
6957:
6956:
6952:
6942:
6940:
6939:on 16 June 2019
6927:
6926:
6922:
6909:
6908:
6904:
6894:
6892:
6891:on 23 June 2018
6881:
6877:
6832:
6828:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6771:
6767:Mack A (2003).
6765:
6761:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6736:
6720:
6716:
6705:
6701:
6670:
6666:
6659:
6643:
6636:
6629:
6613:
6609:
6602:
6586:
6582:
6575:
6559:
6555:
6508:
6504:
6465:
6461:
6406:
6402:
6363:
6356:
6311:
6304:
6273:
6262:
6233:(10): 661–669.
6223:
6202:
6171:
6167:
6122:
6115:
6084:
6077:
6032:
6028:
5997:
5993:
5962:
5955:
5917:
5912:
5897:
5866:
5853:
5836:
5832:
5792:
5786:
5782:
5743:
5732:
5693:
5682:
5642:
5638:
5626:
5618:
5616:
5602:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5581:
5573:
5571:
5554:
5553:
5546:
5538:
5534:
5489:
5485:
5446:
5442:
5411:
5407:
5397:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5346:
5342:
5303:
5299:
5260:
5256:
5211:
5207:
5174:(8): e1002369.
5160:
5156:
5125:(6): CD010609.
5111:
5107:
5076:
5072:
5062:
5060:
5023:
5019:
4982:
4978:
4939:Pharmaceuticals
4931:
4927:
4888:
4884:
4839:
4835:
4790:
4786:
4747:
4743:
4698:
4694:
4678:
4677:
4635:
4631:
4591:
4587:
4544:
4540:
4501:
4497:
4458:
4454:
4415:
4411:
4372:
4368:
4337:(1): CD008940.
4323:
4319:
4282:
4278:
4233:
4229:
4184:
4177:
4132:
4128:
4088:
4084:
4039:
4032:
4009:
4005:
3966:
3962:
3915:
3911:
3866:
3857:
3818:
3809:
3778:
3774:
3719:
3715:
3670:
3666:
3633:(8): e1002369.
3619:
3615:
3570:
3561:
3514:
3510:
3471:
3467:
3428:
3424:
3393:
3389:
3344:
3333:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3283:
3267:
3263:
3224:
3220:
3173:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3144:
3140:
3101:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3032:
3016:
3009:
2998:
2982:
2978:
2929:
2922:
2891:
2880:
2835:
2826:
2787:(6): CD007938.
2773:
2764:
2719:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2682:
2681:
2672:
2633:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2595:
2594:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2568:. 11 April 2019
2558:
2557:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2433:
2429:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2330:
2303:
2272:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2241:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2189:
2166:
2157:
2149:Adam Feuerstein
2073:methamphetamine
2058:
2040:and a group of
2029:
1986:
1978:
1966:
1950:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1919:generic version
1890:
1865:
1839:, as well as a
1818:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1701:small intestine
1689:bioavailability
1661:
1654:
1627:
1609:
1575:
1563:
1555:
1524:
1518:
1510:
1500:
1495:thrombospondins
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:channel blocker
1464:
1460:
1454:
1443:
1438:
1418:
1377:
1337:benzodiazepines
1329:
1297:suicide attempt
1288:
1205:
1189:kidney problems
1185:
1150:uremic pruritus
1116:
1077:
1075:Drug dependence
1065:slow-wave sleep
1054:discontinuation
1046:
1017:
946:
934:
906:
881:
797:
795:
790:
787:
782:
777:
776:
765:
762:
757:
756:
745:
720:
710:
701:
695:
656:
632:
624:
596:
576:
556:
536:
516:
496:
476:
456:
439:
431:
411:
408:
403:
402:
368:
347:Protein binding
337:Bioavailability
329:Pharmacokinetic
323:
247:
203:
191:
180:
171:
164:
145:
138:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
16521:
16511:
16510:
16505:
16500:
16498:GABA analogues
16495:
16490:
16485:
16480:
16465:
16464:
16441:
16440:
16426:
16423:
16422:
16419:
16418:
16416:
16415:
16407:
16405:
16394:
16393:
16391:
16390:
16382:
16380:
16366:
16362:
16361:
16358:
16357:
16354:
16353:
16351:
16350:
16345:
16340:
16335:
16330:
16325:
16323:Mefenamic acid
16320:
16315:
16310:
16304:
16302:
16293:
16289:
16288:
16285:
16284:
16282:
16281:
16279:Phenanthridine
16276:
16271:
16266:
16261:
16256:
16250:
16248:
16242:
16241:
16239:
16238:
16233:
16228:
16222:
16220:
16211:
16200:
16199:
16196:
16195:
16193:
16192:
16186:
16184:
16178:
16177:
16175:
16174:
16169:
16164:
16159:
16154:
16149:
16144:
16139:
16134:
16129:
16123:
16121:
16112:
16098:
16092:
16091:
16088:
16087:
16084:
16083:
16081:
16080:
16075:
16070:
16065:
16060:
16054:
16052:
16043:
16032:
16031:
16028:
16027:
16025:
16024:
16018:
16016:
16010:
16009:
16007:
16006:
16001:
15996:
15990:
15988:
15979:
15968:
15967:
15964:
15963:
15961:
15960:
15955:
15950:
15945:
15940:
15927:Atracotoxins (
15925:
15919:
15917:
15911:
15910:
15908:
15907:
15902:
15897:
15887:
15882:
15873:
15872:
15870:Zetekitoxin AB
15867:
15862:
15857:
15852:
15843:
15842:
15837:
15832:
15827:
15822:
15817:
15812:
15807:
15802:
15797:
15788:
15787:
15782:
15777:
15772:
15770:Proxymetacaine
15767:
15762:
15757:
15752:
15747:
15742:
15737:
15732:
15727:
15722:
15717:
15712:
15707:
15702:
15697:
15692:
15687:
15682:
15680:Chloroprocaine
15677:
15672:
15667:
15653:
15648:
15643:
15638:
15626:
15625:
15620:
15615:
15610:
15605:
15600:
15595:
15590:
15585:
15580:
15575:
15570:
15565:
15560:
15555:
15550:
15545:
15540:
15535:
15530:
15525:
15520:
15515:
15510:
15505:
15500:
15495:
15486:
15485:
15480:
15475:
15470:
15465:
15460:
15455:
15450:
15445:
15440:
15435:
15430:
15425:
15420:
15415:
15410:
15405:
15400:
15391:
15390:
15381:
15379:
15370:
15356:
15350:
15349:
15346:
15345:
15342:
15341:
15339:
15338:
15332:
15330:
15324:
15323:
15321:
15320:
15315:
15310:
15305:
15299:
15297:
15288:
15277:
15276:
15273:
15272:
15270:
15269:
15264:
15259:
15254:
15249:
15244:
15235:
15229:
15227:
15221:
15220:
15218:
15217:
15212:
15203:
15197:
15195:
15186:
15178:
15172:
15171:
15168:
15167:
15165:
15164:
15147:
15146:
15141:
15136:
15131:
15126:
15121:
15116:
15111:
15106:
15101:
15096:
15091:
15086:
15081:
15068:
15061:
15059:
15053:
15052:
15050:
15049:
15044:
15039:
15034:
15029:
15024:
15019:
15014:
15009:
14992:
14991:
14986:
14981:
14976:
14971:
14966:
14961:
14956:
14954:Glyclopyramide
14951:
14946:
14941:
14936:
14931:
14926:
14921:
14916:
14911:
14909:Chlorpropamide
14906:
14901:
14888:
14881:
14879:
14870:
14859:
14858:
14855:
14854:
14852:
14851:
14846:
14836:
14830:
14828:
14822:
14821:
14819:
14818:
14813:
14808:
14798:
14792:
14791:
14786:
14781:
14776:
14771:
14766:
14761:
14756:
14751:
14746:
14741:
14736:
14731:
14726:
14721:
14716:
14711:
14706:
14701:
14696:
14691:
14686:
14681:
14676:
14671:
14666:
14661:
14656:
14654:Clarithromycin
14651:
14646:
14644:Chlorpromazine
14641:
14636:
14631:
14626:
14621:
14616:
14611:
14606:
14601:
14596:
14591:
14583:
14575:
14574:
14569:
14564:
14559:
14554:
14549:
14544:
14539:
14534:
14529:
14524:
14519:
14514:
14509:
14504:
14499:
14494:
14489:
14484:
14479:
14474:
14469:
14464:
14459:
14454:
14449:
14444:
14439:
14434:
14429:
14424:
14419:
14414:
14409:
14404:
14399:
14393:
14391:
14382:
14368:
14362:
14361:
14358:
14357:
14354:
14353:
14351:
14350:
14338:
14336:
14330:
14329:
14327:
14326:
14321:
14316:
14311:
14306:
14301:
14296:
14291:
14286:
14281:
14276:
14271:
14266:
14264:Paramethadione
14261:
14256:
14251:
14246:
14241:
14236:
14231:
14226:
14221:
14216:
14211:
14206:
14201:
14196:
14191:
14186:
14181:
14176:
14171:
14166:
14161:
14156:
14151:
14146:
14141:
14136:
14131:
14126:
14121:
14112:
14111:
14106:
14101:
14096:
14091:
14086:
14081:
14076:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14051:
14046:
14039:gabapentinoids
14032:
14026:
14025:
14020:
14015:
14010:
14005:
14000:
13995:
13990:
13985:
13980:
13975:
13970:
13965:
13960:
13955:
13950:
13945:
13940:Non-selective:
13936:
13935:
13930:
13925:
13920:
13915:
13910:
13905:
13893:
13892:
13880:
13879:
13877:ω-Agatoxin IVB
13874:
13872:ω-Agatoxin IVA
13862:
13861:
13856:
13851:
13846:
13841:
13836:
13831:
13829:Huwentoxin XVI
13826:
13821:
13816:
13804:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13783:
13781:Cyproheptadine
13778:
13773:
13768:
13763:
13751:
13746:
13741:
13736:
13731:
13726:
13721:
13716:
13711:
13706:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13676:
13671:
13666:
13661:
13646:
13641:
13636:
13631:
13626:
13621:
13616:
13611:
13606:
13601:
13596:
13591:
13586:
13581:
13576:
13571:
13566:
13561:
13556:
13551:
13546:
13541:
13539:Levniguldipine
13536:
13531:
13526:
13521:
13516:
13511:
13506:
13501:
13496:
13491:
13486:
13481:
13479:Dexniguldipine
13476:
13471:
13466:
13461:
13456:
13451:
13446:
13428:
13426:
13417:
13403:
13397:
13396:
13389:
13388:
13381:
13374:
13366:
13357:
13356:
13351:
13350:
13347:
13346:
13343:
13342:
13340:
13339:
13334:
13329:
13328:
13327:
13322:
13314:
13309:
13303:
13301:
13295:
13294:
13292:
13291:
13286:
13281:
13276:
13271:
13266:
13261:
13256:
13251:
13246:
13241:
13235:
13233:
13232:Harm reduction
13229:
13228:
13226:
13225:
13224:
13223:
13215:
13210:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13190:
13189:
13188:
13178:
13173:
13168:
13166:Date rape drug
13163:
13158:
13152:
13150:
13144:
13143:
13140:
13139:
13137:
13136:
13135:
13134:
13132:Liquor license
13129:
13124:
13119:
13109:
13107:Darknet market
13104:
13103:
13102:
13097:
13092:
13087:
13082:
13077:
13072:
13067:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13017:
13012:
13007:
13002:
12997:
12992:
12987:
12982:
12977:
12972:
12967:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12947:
12942:
12937:
12932:
12927:
12922:
12917:
12912:
12907:
12902:
12897:
12892:
12887:
12882:
12877:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12857:
12852:
12847:
12842:
12837:
12832:
12827:
12822:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12792:
12787:
12776:
12774:
12770:
12769:
12767:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12751:
12745:
12743:
12734:
12722:
12721:
12711:
12710:
12707:
12706:
12703:
12702:
12700:
12699:
12697:Zero tolerance
12694:
12693:
12692:
12687:
12682:
12672:
12667:
12662:
12657:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12621:
12619:
12615:
12614:
12612:
12611:
12606:
12601:
12596:
12591:
12586:
12581:
12576:
12570:
12568:
12564:
12563:
12561:
12560:
12559:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12471:Czech Republic
12468:
12463:
12457:
12455:
12449:
12448:
12446:
12445:
12444:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12432:
12431:
12424:Liberalization
12421:
12416:
12414:Harm reduction
12411:
12406:
12396:
12395:
12394:
12389:
12384:
12379:
12374:
12363:
12361:
12357:
12356:
12354:
12353:
12352:
12351:
12346:
12341:
12333:
12332:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12310:
12308:
12300:
12299:
12289:
12288:
12285:
12284:
12281:
12280:
12278:
12277:
12272:
12267:
12262:
12257:
12252:
12247:
12242:
12240:Party and play
12237:
12232:
12230:Needle sharing
12227:
12222:
12217:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12192:
12186:
12184:
12180:
12179:
12177:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12156:
12151:
12146:
12144:Cigarette card
12140:
12138:
12132:
12131:
12129:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12077:
12075:
12069:
12068:
12066:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12053:Tailgate party
12050:
12045:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12015:
12010:
12005:
12003:Drinking games
12000:
11995:
11993:Binge drinking
11990:
11985:
11980:
11974:
11972:
11966:
11965:
11963:
11962:
11957:
11952:
11947:
11941:
11939:
11937:Coffee culture
11933:
11932:
11930:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11894:
11889:
11884:
11879:
11874:
11869:
11864:
11859:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11833:
11831:
11821:
11820:
11808:
11807:
11804:
11803:
11800:
11799:
11797:
11796:
11791:
11781:
11780:
11779:
11774:
11764:
11759:
11753:
11751:
11745:
11744:
11741:
11740:
11738:
11737:
11732:
11726:
11724:
11718:
11717:
11715:
11714:
11713:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11687:
11686:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11664:
11662:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11652:
11647:
11645:Dimenhydrinate
11642:
11641:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11610:
11608:
11602:
11601:
11599:
11598:
11597:
11596:
11586:
11581:
11580:
11579:
11569:
11564:
11559:
11558:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11545:alkyl nitrites
11542:
11527:
11522:
11511:
11509:
11503:
11502:
11500:
11499:
11498:
11497:
11483:
11482:
11481:
11476:
11471:
11469:Peruvian torch
11461:
11456:
11451:
11450:
11449:
11439:
11438:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11416:
11414:
11405:
11399:
11398:
11396:
11395:
11394:
11393:
11388:
11378:
11373:
11368:
11367:
11366:
11358:
11352:
11350:
11344:
11343:
11341:
11340:
11339:
11338:
11333:
11323:
11322:
11321:
11316:
11311:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11270:
11269:
11259:
11258:
11257:
11252:
11242:
11241:
11240:
11230:
11229:
11228:
11223:
11218:
11208:
11203:
11202:
11201:
11191:
11185:
11183:
11177:
11176:
11174:
11173:
11168:
11167:
11166:
11156:
11155:
11154:
11144:
11143:
11142:
11132:
11127:
11126:
11125:
11117:
11112:
11111:
11110:
11102:
11097:
11096:
11095:
11092:
11084:
11083:
11082:
11074:
11073:
11072:
11062:
11061:
11060:
11057:
11048:
11046:
11040:
11039:
11037:
11036:
11034:Quinazolinones
11031:
11026:
11021:
11020:
11019:
11018:
11017:
11009:
11008:
11007:
11002:
10997:
10992:
10981:
10980:
10979:
10961:
10956:
10954:Gabapentinoids
10951:
10950:
10949:
10944:
10939:
10929:
10924:
10919:
10913:
10911:
10901:
10900:
10890:
10889:
10882:
10881:
10874:
10867:
10859:
10850:
10849:
10839:
10836:
10835:
10833:
10832:
10822:
10792:
10785:alkyl nitrites
10778:
10756:
10742:
10736:sodium oxybate
10729:
10726:quinazolinones
10688:
10684:
10670:
10648:
10638:
10617:
10613:
10600:
10585:gabapentinoids
10571:
10567:
10529:
10526:
10525:
10517:
10516:
10509:
10502:
10494:
10488:
10485:
10484:
10470:
10469:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10460:
10451:
10417:
10399:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10360:
10358:
10354:
10353:
10351:
10350:
10345:
10322:
10317:
10307:
10272:
10270:
10264:
10263:
10261:
10260:
10238:
10215:
10195:
10193:
10191:Monoaminergics
10187:
10186:
10172:
10171:
10164:
10157:
10149:
10140:
10139:
10136:
10135:
10134:
10133:
10130:
10119:
10113:
10107:
10106:
10103:
10102:
10100:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10013:
10011:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10003:
9993:
9975:
9964:
9962:
9952:Sympatholytics
9948:
9947:
9945:
9944:
9939:
9933:
9931:
9929:Antipsychotics
9925:
9924:
9922:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9880:
9865:
9850:
9835:
9820:
9804:
9802:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9771:
9769:
9755:
9747:Gabapentinoids
9743:
9742:
9740:
9739:
9733:
9731:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9691:
9681:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9557:
9555:
9538:
9532:
9531:
9529:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9512:
9510:
9498:
9492:
9491:
9479:
9478:
9471:
9464:
9456:
9447:
9446:
9443:
9442:
9441:
9440:
9437:
9426:
9420:
9414:
9413:
9410:
9409:
9406:
9405:
9403:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9351:
9349:
9345:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9309:
9307:
9298:
9294:
9293:
9290:
9289:
9287:
9286:
9280:
9278:
9272:
9271:
9269:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9241:
9234:Gabapentinoids
9226:
9221:
9206:
9204:Paramethadione
9201:
9189:
9187:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9123:
9118:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9056:
9054:
9045:
9037:
9036:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9029:
9012:GABAR agonists
9007:
9005:
9001:
9000:
8998:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:(and related):
8970:
8968:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8940:sodium bromide
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8872:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8825:
8823:
8815:
8807:
8801:
8800:
8788:
8787:
8780:
8773:
8765:
8759:
8756:
8755:
8725:
8718:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8713:External links
8711:
8708:
8707:
8656:
8605:
8571:
8541:
8498:
8479:(5): 518–520.
8463:
8414:
8387:(6): 398–403.
8370:
8341:(7): 763–772.
8321:
8286:
8259:(4): 403–426.
8243:
8222:(5): 411–414.
8202:
8195:
8177:
8150:(4): 308–312.
8134:
8093:
8044:
7995:
7952:
7925:
7899:
7874:
7852:
7838:
7778:
7756:
7733:
7714:
7695:
7676:
7654:
7625:(2): 361–369.
7605:
7578:
7560:
7542:
7518:
7498:
7479:
7474:Hugh Blackwell
7453:
7442:on 13 May 2013
7435:Bloomberg News
7420:
7385:
7363:
7338:
7317:(2): 485–496.
7297:
7260:(6): 559–568.
7240:
7215:
7190:
7165:
7137:
7112:
7083:
7066:
7040:
6997:
6971:
6950:
6920:
6902:
6875:
6846:(5): 211–218.
6826:
6782:(6): 559–568.
6759:
6741:
6734:
6714:
6699:
6680:(2): 223–241.
6664:
6657:
6634:
6627:
6607:
6600:
6580:
6573:
6553:
6502:
6459:
6400:
6354:
6325:(8): 961–971.
6302:
6260:
6200:
6181:(3): 161–174.
6165:
6113:
6075:
6026:
6007:(5): 220–228.
5991:
5953:
5915:
5895:
5876:(1): 108–113.
5851:
5830:
5803:(2): 142–149.
5780:
5730:
5703:(3): 229–233.
5680:
5636:
5591:
5544:
5532:
5483:
5440:
5405:
5383:
5340:
5297:
5254:
5225:(2): 363–370.
5205:
5154:
5105:
5086:(2): 151–158.
5070:
5017:
4996:(2): 149–166.
4976:
4925:
4882:
4833:
4804:(1): 128–138.
4784:
4757:(2): 192–196.
4741:
4692:
4629:
4585:
4538:
4495:
4468:(3): 147–153.
4452:
4409:
4366:
4317:
4296:(3): 979–983.
4276:
4247:(3): 300–304.
4227:
4198:(1): 113–124.
4175:
4126:
4082:
4030:
4019:(9): 589–595.
4003:
3960:
3909:
3880:(3): 228–232.
3855:
3828:(3): 263–272.
3807:
3788:(8): 818–819.
3772:
3733:(12): e14433.
3713:
3664:
3613:
3584:(2): 162–173.
3559:
3508:
3465:
3422:
3387:
3331:
3292:
3281:
3261:
3234:(5): 695–701.
3218:
3164:
3138:
3111:(4): 305–307.
3092:
3067:
3037:
3030:
3007:
2996:
2976:
2947:(1): 161–174.
2920:
2901:(6): 332–339.
2878:
2824:
2762:
2704:
2670:
2643:(3): 409–427.
2618:
2579:
2528:
2494:
2483:. 21 June 2022
2468:
2447:(6): 491–496.
2427:
2392:
2366:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2302:
2301:Veterinary use
2299:
2295:CNS depressant
2274:
2273:
2238:of the subject
2236:worldwide view
2231:
2229:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2188:
2185:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2079:on alcohol or
2057:
2054:
2000:Warner-Lambert
1982:Main article:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1949:
1946:
1937:
1936:United Kingdom
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1889:
1886:
1875:A process for
1864:
1861:
1817:
1814:
1797:Gabapentin is
1770:P-glycoprotein
1744:and enter the
1730:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1679:, presumably,
1663:Gabapentin is
1660:
1657:
1652:
1619:GABA receptors
1607:
1580:is in the low
1573:
1561:
1553:
1522:
1516:
1508:
1498:
1487:NMDA receptors
1482:
1478:
1474:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1417:
1414:
1376:
1373:
1328:
1325:
1301:anticonvulsant
1287:
1284:
1268:hallucinations
1204:
1201:
1184:
1181:
1115:
1112:
1076:
1073:
1045:
1042:
1038:panic disorder
1016:
1013:
945:
942:
933:
930:
910:focal seizures
905:
902:
867:kidney disease
817:anticonvulsant
804:
803:
792:
791:
789:
788:
785:
783:
780:
772:
771:
770:
767:
766:
764:
763:
760:
752:
751:
750:
747:
746:
744:
743:
735:
733:
725:
724:
718:
712:
711:
708:
699:
693:
688:
682:
681:
677:
676:
666:
658:
657:
655:
654:
641:
639:
626:
625:
623:
622:
606:
604:
598:
597:
595:
594:
586:
584:
578:
577:
575:
574:
566:
564:
558:
557:
555:
554:
546:
544:
538:
537:
535:
534:
526:
524:
518:
517:
515:
514:
506:
504:
498:
497:
495:
494:
486:
484:
478:
477:
475:
474:
466:
464:
458:
457:
455:
454:
446:
444:
433:
432:
430:
429:
421:
419:
413:
412:
410:
409:
406:
398:
397:
396:
393:
392:
388:
387:
382:
376:
375:
372:
363:
362:
359:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
339:
333:
332:
325:
324:
322:
321:
312:
300:
289:
276:
262:
260:
254:
253:
249:
248:
246:
245:
232:
230:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
206:
204:administration
198:
197:
194:
186:
185:
174:
166:
165:
163:
162:
160:
150:
148:
140:
139:
137:
136:
118:
116:
110:
109:
102:
96:
95:
88:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16520:
16509:
16506:
16504:
16501:
16499:
16496:
16494:
16491:
16489:
16486:
16484:
16481:
16479:
16476:
16475:
16473:
16463:
16453:
16452:
16449:
16438:
16437:
16433:
16430:
16424:
16413:
16409:
16408:
16406:
16401:
16395:
16388:
16384:
16383:
16381:
16376:
16370:
16367:
16363:
16349:
16346:
16344:
16341:
16339:
16336:
16334:
16333:Niflumic acid
16331:
16329:
16326:
16324:
16321:
16319:
16316:
16314:
16311:
16309:
16306:
16305:
16303:
16301:
16297:
16294:
16290:
16280:
16277:
16275:
16272:
16270:
16267:
16265:
16262:
16260:
16257:
16255:
16252:
16251:
16249:
16247:
16243:
16237:
16234:
16232:
16229:
16227:
16226:Glibenclamide
16224:
16223:
16221:
16219:
16215:
16212:
16207:
16201:
16191:
16188:
16187:
16185:
16183:
16179:
16173:
16172:Niflumic acid
16170:
16168:
16165:
16163:
16160:
16158:
16157:Glibenclamide
16155:
16153:
16150:
16148:
16145:
16143:
16140:
16138:
16135:
16133:
16130:
16128:
16125:
16124:
16122:
16120:
16116:
16113:
16108:
16102:
16099:
16097:
16093:
16079:
16076:
16074:
16071:
16069:
16066:
16064:
16061:
16059:
16056:
16055:
16053:
16051:
16047:
16044:
16039:
16033:
16023:
16020:
16019:
16017:
16015:
16011:
16005:
16002:
16000:
15997:
15995:
15992:
15991:
15989:
15987:
15983:
15980:
15975:
15969:
15959:
15956:
15954:
15953:Grayanotoxins
15951:
15949:
15946:
15944:
15943:Batrachotoxin
15941:
15938:
15934:
15930:
15929:ω-Atracotoxin
15926:
15924:
15921:
15920:
15918:
15916:
15912:
15906:
15903:
15901:
15898:
15895:
15891:
15888:
15886:
15883:
15881:
15880:Buprenorphine
15878:
15875:
15874:
15871:
15868:
15866:
15863:
15861:
15858:
15856:
15853:
15851:
15848:
15845:
15844:
15841:
15838:
15836:
15833:
15831:
15828:
15826:
15823:
15821:
15818:
15816:
15813:
15811:
15808:
15806:
15803:
15801:
15798:
15796:
15793:
15790:
15789:
15786:
15783:
15781:
15778:
15776:
15773:
15771:
15768:
15766:
15763:
15761:
15758:
15756:
15753:
15751:
15748:
15746:
15743:
15741:
15738:
15736:
15733:
15731:
15728:
15726:
15723:
15721:
15718:
15716:
15713:
15711:
15708:
15706:
15703:
15701:
15698:
15696:
15693:
15691:
15688:
15686:
15683:
15681:
15678:
15676:
15673:
15671:
15668:
15665:
15661:
15657:
15654:
15652:
15649:
15647:
15644:
15642:
15639:
15637:
15635:
15631:
15628:
15627:
15624:
15621:
15619:
15616:
15614:
15613:Valproic acid
15611:
15609:
15606:
15604:
15601:
15599:
15596:
15594:
15591:
15589:
15586:
15584:
15581:
15579:
15576:
15574:
15571:
15569:
15566:
15564:
15561:
15559:
15558:Oxitriptyline
15556:
15554:
15553:Oxcarbazepine
15551:
15549:
15546:
15544:
15543:Licarbazepine
15541:
15539:
15536:
15534:
15531:
15529:
15526:
15524:
15521:
15519:
15516:
15514:
15511:
15509:
15506:
15504:
15501:
15499:
15498:Carbamazepine
15496:
15494:
15491:
15488:
15487:
15484:
15481:
15479:
15476:
15474:
15471:
15469:
15466:
15464:
15461:
15459:
15456:
15454:
15451:
15449:
15446:
15444:
15441:
15439:
15436:
15434:
15431:
15429:
15426:
15424:
15421:
15419:
15416:
15414:
15411:
15409:
15406:
15404:
15401:
15399:
15396:
15393:
15392:
15389:
15386:
15385:Antianginals:
15383:
15382:
15380:
15378:
15374:
15371:
15366:
15360:
15357:
15355:
15351:
15337:
15334:
15333:
15331:
15329:
15325:
15319:
15318:Norfluoxetine
15316:
15314:
15311:
15309:
15306:
15304:
15301:
15300:
15298:
15296:
15292:
15289:
15284:
15278:
15268:
15265:
15263:
15260:
15258:
15255:
15253:
15252:Niflumic acid
15250:
15248:
15245:
15243:
15240:
15238:
15231:
15230:
15228:
15226:
15222:
15216:
15213:
15211:
15208:
15206:
15199:
15198:
15196:
15194:
15190:
15187:
15182:
15173:
15163:
15160:
15155:
15149:
15148:
15145:
15142:
15140:
15137:
15135:
15132:
15130:
15127:
15125:
15122:
15120:
15117:
15115:
15112:
15110:
15107:
15105:
15104:Levcromakalim
15102:
15100:
15097:
15095:
15092:
15090:
15087:
15085:
15082:
15080:
15077:
15072:
15063:
15062:
15060:
15058:
15054:
15048:
15045:
15043:
15040:
15038:
15035:
15033:
15030:
15028:
15025:
15023:
15020:
15018:
15015:
15013:
15010:
15008:
15005:
15000:
14994:
14993:
14990:
14987:
14985:
14982:
14980:
14977:
14975:
14972:
14970:
14967:
14965:
14962:
14960:
14957:
14955:
14952:
14950:
14947:
14945:
14942:
14940:
14937:
14935:
14932:
14930:
14927:
14925:
14922:
14920:
14917:
14915:
14912:
14910:
14907:
14905:
14902:
14900:
14899:Acetohexamide
14897:
14892:
14883:
14882:
14880:
14878:
14874:
14871:
14866:
14860:
14850:
14847:
14845:
14842:
14840:
14832:
14831:
14829:
14827:
14823:
14817:
14814:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14794:
14793:
14790:
14787:
14785:
14782:
14780:
14777:
14775:
14772:
14770:
14767:
14765:
14762:
14760:
14757:
14755:
14752:
14750:
14747:
14745:
14744:Roxithromycin
14742:
14740:
14737:
14735:
14732:
14730:
14727:
14725:
14722:
14720:
14717:
14715:
14712:
14710:
14707:
14705:
14702:
14700:
14697:
14695:
14692:
14690:
14687:
14685:
14682:
14680:
14677:
14675:
14672:
14670:
14667:
14665:
14662:
14660:
14657:
14655:
14652:
14650:
14647:
14645:
14642:
14640:
14637:
14635:
14632:
14630:
14627:
14625:
14622:
14620:
14617:
14615:
14612:
14610:
14607:
14605:
14602:
14600:
14597:
14595:
14592:
14590:
14587:
14581:
14577:
14576:
14573:
14570:
14568:
14565:
14563:
14560:
14558:
14555:
14553:
14550:
14548:
14545:
14543:
14540:
14538:
14535:
14533:
14530:
14528:
14525:
14523:
14520:
14518:
14515:
14513:
14510:
14508:
14505:
14503:
14500:
14498:
14495:
14493:
14490:
14488:
14485:
14483:
14480:
14478:
14475:
14473:
14470:
14468:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14458:
14455:
14453:
14450:
14448:
14445:
14443:
14440:
14438:
14437:Charybdotoxin
14435:
14433:
14430:
14428:
14425:
14423:
14420:
14418:
14415:
14413:
14410:
14408:
14405:
14403:
14400:
14398:
14395:
14394:
14392:
14390:
14386:
14383:
14378:
14372:
14369:
14367:
14363:
14349:
14346:
14344:
14340:
14339:
14337:
14335:
14331:
14325:
14322:
14320:
14319:Trimethadione
14317:
14315:
14312:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14285:
14282:
14280:
14277:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14260:
14257:
14255:
14252:
14250:
14247:
14245:
14242:
14240:
14237:
14235:
14232:
14230:
14227:
14225:
14222:
14220:
14217:
14215:
14212:
14210:
14207:
14205:
14202:
14200:
14197:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14182:
14180:
14177:
14175:
14172:
14170:
14167:
14165:
14162:
14160:
14159:Diproteverine
14157:
14155:
14152:
14150:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14117:
14114:
14113:
14110:
14107:
14105:
14102:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14036:
14028:
14027:
14024:
14021:
14019:
14018:Ruthenium red
14016:
14014:
14011:
14009:
14006:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
13994:
13993:Levetiracetam
13991:
13989:
13986:
13984:
13981:
13979:
13976:
13974:
13971:
13969:
13966:
13964:
13961:
13959:
13956:
13954:
13951:
13949:
13946:
13944:
13943:ω-Agatoxin TK
13941:
13938:
13937:
13934:
13931:
13929:
13926:
13924:
13921:
13919:
13916:
13914:
13913:Niflumic acid
13911:
13909:
13906:
13904:
13901:
13899:
13895:
13894:
13891:
13888:
13886:
13882:
13881:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13870:
13868:
13864:
13863:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13850:
13847:
13845:
13842:
13840:
13837:
13835:
13832:
13830:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13815:
13812:
13810:
13806:
13805:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13782:
13779:
13777:
13774:
13772:
13769:
13767:
13764:
13762:
13759:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13740:
13737:
13735:
13732:
13730:
13727:
13725:
13722:
13720:
13717:
13715:
13712:
13710:
13707:
13705:
13702:
13700:
13697:
13695:
13692:
13690:
13687:
13685:
13680:
13677:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13667:
13665:
13662:
13660:
13657:
13655:
13650:
13647:
13645:
13642:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13630:
13627:
13625:
13622:
13620:
13617:
13615:
13612:
13610:
13607:
13605:
13602:
13600:
13597:
13595:
13592:
13590:
13587:
13585:
13582:
13580:
13577:
13575:
13572:
13570:
13567:
13565:
13562:
13560:
13557:
13555:
13552:
13550:
13547:
13545:
13542:
13540:
13537:
13535:
13534:Levamlodipine
13532:
13530:
13529:Lercanidipine
13527:
13525:
13522:
13520:
13517:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13505:
13502:
13500:
13497:
13495:
13492:
13490:
13487:
13485:
13482:
13480:
13477:
13475:
13472:
13470:
13467:
13465:
13462:
13460:
13457:
13455:
13452:
13450:
13447:
13445:
13442:
13440:
13436:
13434:
13430:
13429:
13427:
13425:
13421:
13418:
13413:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13398:
13394:
13387:
13382:
13380:
13375:
13373:
13368:
13367:
13364:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13326:
13323:
13321:
13318:
13317:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13304:
13302:
13298:Countries by
13296:
13290:
13287:
13285:
13282:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13239:Drug checking
13237:
13236:
13234:
13230:
13221:
13220:
13219:
13216:
13214:
13211:
13209:
13208:Neurotoxicity
13206:
13204:
13201:
13199:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13187:
13184:
13183:
13182:
13179:
13177:
13174:
13172:
13169:
13167:
13164:
13162:
13159:
13157:
13154:
13153:
13151:
13145:
13133:
13130:
13128:
13125:
13123:
13122:Cannabis shop
13120:
13118:
13115:
13114:
13113:
13110:
13108:
13105:
13101:
13098:
13096:
13095:United States
13093:
13091:
13088:
13086:
13083:
13081:
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13063:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13011:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13001:
12998:
12996:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12976:
12973:
12971:
12968:
12966:
12963:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12950:Latin America
12948:
12946:
12943:
12941:
12938:
12936:
12933:
12931:
12928:
12926:
12923:
12921:
12918:
12916:
12913:
12911:
12908:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12858:
12856:
12853:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12843:
12841:
12838:
12836:
12833:
12831:
12828:
12826:
12823:
12821:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12782:
12781:
12778:
12777:
12775:
12771:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12746:
12744:
12738:
12735:
12727:
12723:
12716:
12712:
12698:
12695:
12691:
12688:
12686:
12685:Plan Colombia
12683:
12681:
12678:
12677:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12645:Designer drug
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12622:
12620:
12616:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12595:
12592:
12590:
12587:
12585:
12582:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12572:
12571:
12569:
12567:Drug legality
12565:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12518:
12517:
12516:United States
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12458:
12456:
12450:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12430:
12429:Latin America
12427:
12426:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12415:
12412:
12410:
12407:
12405:
12402:
12401:
12400:
12399:Policy reform
12397:
12393:
12390:
12388:
12385:
12383:
12380:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12369:
12368:
12365:
12364:
12362:
12358:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12342:
12340:
12337:
12336:
12334:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12320:
12317:
12316:
12315:
12312:
12311:
12309:
12307:International
12305:
12301:
12294:
12290:
12276:
12273:
12271:
12268:
12266:
12265:Sex and drugs
12263:
12261:
12258:
12256:
12253:
12251:
12248:
12246:
12245:Poly drug use
12243:
12241:
12238:
12236:
12233:
12231:
12228:
12226:
12223:
12221:
12218:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12206:
12203:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12187:
12185:
12181:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12154:Cloud-chasing
12152:
12150:
12147:
12145:
12142:
12141:
12139:
12137:
12133:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12081:Psychonautics
12079:
12078:
12076:
12074:
12070:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12044:
12041:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12014:
12011:
12009:
12008:Drinking song
12006:
12004:
12001:
11999:
11998:Diethyl ether
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11988:Beer festival
11986:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11976:
11975:
11973:
11971:
11967:
11961:
11958:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11942:
11940:
11938:
11934:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11893:
11890:
11888:
11885:
11883:
11880:
11878:
11875:
11873:
11870:
11868:
11865:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11834:
11832:
11830:
11826:
11822:
11818:
11813:
11809:
11795:
11792:
11789:
11785:
11784:Nitrous oxide
11782:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11769:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11754:
11752:
11750:
11746:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11727:
11725:
11723:
11719:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11692:
11691:
11688:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11670:
11669:
11666:
11665:
11663:
11661:
11657:
11651:
11648:
11646:
11643:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11620:
11619:
11615:
11612:
11611:
11609:
11607:
11603:
11595:
11592:
11591:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11578:
11575:
11574:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11546:
11543:
11540:
11536:
11535:Nitrous oxide
11533:
11532:
11531:
11528:
11526:
11523:
11520:
11516:
11513:
11512:
11510:
11508:
11507:Dissociatives
11504:
11496:
11493:
11492:
11491:
11487:
11484:
11480:
11477:
11475:
11472:
11470:
11467:
11466:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11448:
11445:
11444:
11443:
11440:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11422:
11421:
11418:
11417:
11415:
11413:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11403:Hallucinogens
11400:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
11383:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11364:
11363:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11353:
11351:
11349:
11345:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11328:
11327:
11324:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11307:
11306:
11305:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11268:
11265:
11264:
11263:
11260:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11247:
11246:
11243:
11239:
11236:
11235:
11234:
11231:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11221:Energy drinks
11219:
11217:
11214:
11213:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11200:
11197:
11196:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11186:
11184:
11182:
11178:
11172:
11169:
11165:
11162:
11161:
11160:
11157:
11153:
11150:
11149:
11148:
11145:
11141:
11138:
11137:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11123:
11122:
11121:
11120:Hydromorphone
11118:
11116:
11113:
11108:
11107:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11093:
11090:
11089:
11088:
11085:
11080:
11079:
11078:
11075:
11071:
11068:
11067:
11066:
11063:
11058:
11055:
11054:
11053:
11052:Buprenorphine
11050:
11049:
11047:
11045:
11041:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11016:
11013:
11012:
11010:
11006:
11005:Paint thinner
11003:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10988:
10987:
10986:
10982:
10977:
10973:
10972:Nitrous oxide
10970:
10969:
10967:
10966:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10934:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10914:
10912:
10910:
10906:
10902:
10895:
10891:
10887:
10880:
10875:
10873:
10868:
10866:
10861:
10860:
10857:
10847:
10846:
10843:
10837:
10830:
10826:
10823:
10820:
10816:
10815:phencyclidine
10812:
10811:nitrous oxide
10808:
10807:methoxetamine
10804:
10800:
10796:
10793:
10790:
10786:
10782:
10779:
10776:
10772:
10768:
10764:
10760:
10757:
10754:
10750:
10749:dexamethasone
10746:
10743:
10741:
10737:
10733:
10730:
10727:
10723:
10719:
10715:
10711:
10707:
10703:
10699:
10695:
10692:
10685:
10682:
10678:
10674:
10671:
10668:
10664:
10660:
10656:
10652:
10649:
10646:
10642:
10639:
10636:
10632:
10628:
10624:
10621:
10614:
10611:
10607:
10604:
10603:AMPA receptor
10601:
10598:
10594:
10590:
10586:
10582:
10579:
10575:
10568:
10565:
10561:
10557:
10553:
10549:
10545:
10541:
10537:
10534:
10531:
10530:
10527:
10523:
10515:
10510:
10508:
10503:
10501:
10496:
10495:
10492:
10486:
10482:
10477:
10459:
10452:
10449:
10445:
10441:
10440:buprenorphine
10437:
10433:
10429:
10425:
10421:
10418:
10415:
10411:
10407:
10403:
10400:
10397:
10393:
10389:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10361:
10359:
10355:
10349:
10346:
10343:
10339:
10338:nortriptyline
10335:
10334:amitriptyline
10328:
10323:
10321:
10318:
10315:
10311:
10308:
10305:
10301:
10297:
10296:oxcarbazepine
10293:
10292:carbamazepine
10289:
10285:
10281:
10277:
10274:
10273:
10271:
10269:
10265:
10258:
10254:
10247:
10242:
10239:
10236:
10232:
10231:nortriptyline
10228:
10227:amitriptyline
10221:
10216:
10213:
10209:
10202:
10197:
10196:
10194:
10192:
10188:
10184:
10181:
10177:
10170:
10165:
10163:
10158:
10156:
10151:
10150:
10147:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10108:
10104:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10067:Phenaglycodol
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10014:
10012:
10008:
10001:
9997:
9996:Beta blockers
9994:
9991:
9987:
9983:
9979:
9976:
9973:
9969:
9966:
9965:
9963:
9959:
9953:
9949:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9934:
9932:
9930:
9926:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9893:
9886:
9881:
9878:
9871:
9866:
9863:
9856:
9851:
9848:
9841:
9836:
9833:
9826:
9821:
9818:
9811:
9806:
9805:
9803:
9801:
9797:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9772:
9770:
9766:
9763:
9748:
9744:
9738:
9735:
9734:
9732:
9730:
9726:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9709:Chlormezanone
9707:
9705:
9702:
9699:
9695:
9692:
9689:
9688:phenobarbital
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9551:
9543:
9533:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9513:
9511:
9509:
9503:
9493:
9488:
9484:
9477:
9472:
9470:
9465:
9463:
9458:
9457:
9454:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9415:
9411:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9395:Levetiracetam
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9350:
9346:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9324:Ethoxzolamide
9322:
9320:
9319:Acetazolamide
9317:
9315:
9311:
9310:
9308:
9306:
9305:CA inhibitors
9302:
9299:
9295:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9279:
9277:
9273:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9216:
9215:
9210:
9209:Trimethadione
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9191:
9190:
9188:
9186:
9182:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9149:
9148:Oxcarbazepine
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9138:Carbamazepine
9136:
9134:
9132:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9058:
9057:
9055:
9053:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9038:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9018:
9014:
9013:
9009:
9008:
9006:
9002:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8972:
8971:
8969:
8967:
8963:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8941:
8937:
8933:
8930:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8882:
8881:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8867:
8866:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8855:Phenobarbital
8853:
8851:
8850:Pentobarbital
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8827:
8826:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8802:
8797:
8793:
8786:
8781:
8779:
8774:
8772:
8767:
8766:
8763:
8757:
8753:
8748:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8732:
8728:
8703:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8675:
8671:
8667:
8660:
8652:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8624:
8620:
8616:
8609:
8593:
8589:
8585:
8578:
8576:
8560:
8556:
8550:
8548:
8546:
8537:
8533:
8529:
8525:
8521:
8517:
8513:
8509:
8502:
8494:
8490:
8486:
8482:
8478:
8474:
8467:
8459:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8441:
8437:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8418:
8410:
8406:
8402:
8398:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8382:
8374:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8340:
8336:
8332:
8325:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8302:(2): 82–105.
8301:
8298:(in German).
8297:
8290:
8282:
8278:
8274:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8247:
8239:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8221:
8217:
8213:
8206:
8198:
8192:
8188:
8181:
8173:
8169:
8165:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8145:
8138:
8127:
8123:
8119:
8115:
8111:
8104:
8097:
8089:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8055:
8048:
8040:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8022:
8018:
8014:
8010:
8006:
7999:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7956:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7929:
7913:
7909:
7903:
7888:
7884:
7878:
7862:
7856:
7848:
7842:
7834:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7789:
7782:
7774:
7770:
7766:
7760:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7737:
7729:
7725:
7718:
7710:
7706:
7699:
7691:
7687:
7680:
7672:
7668:
7661:
7659:
7650:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7609:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7589:
7582:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7556:
7552:
7546:
7538:
7534:
7527:
7525:
7523:
7514:
7513:
7508:
7502:
7494:
7490:
7483:
7475:
7471:
7467:
7460:
7458:
7441:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7424:
7408:
7404:
7403:
7398:
7392:
7390:
7381:
7377:
7370:
7368:
7359:
7355:
7354:
7349:
7342:
7334:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7301:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7244:
7225:
7219:
7204:
7200:
7194:
7179:
7175:
7169:
7154:
7147:
7141:
7126:
7122:
7121:"WV Code 212"
7116:
7100:
7093:
7087:
7076:
7070:
7054:
7050:
7044:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7001:
6985:
6981:
6975:
6967:
6960:
6954:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6924:
6916:
6912:
6906:
6890:
6886:
6879:
6871:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6830:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6770:
6763:
6755:
6751:
6745:
6737:
6731:
6727:
6726:
6718:
6710:
6703:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6668:
6660:
6654:
6650:
6649:
6641:
6639:
6630:
6624:
6620:
6619:
6611:
6603:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6584:
6576:
6570:
6566:
6565:
6557:
6549:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6506:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6475:(2): 99–106.
6474:
6470:
6463:
6455:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6404:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6361:
6359:
6350:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6309:
6307:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6169:
6161:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6120:
6118:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6082:
6080:
6071:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6030:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5995:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5960:
5958:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5837:R.C. Baselt,
5834:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5791:
5784:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5640:
5633:
5632:public domain
5614:
5610:
5609:
5601:
5595:
5588:
5587:public domain
5569:
5565:
5563:
5557:
5551:
5549:
5542:
5536:
5528:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5444:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5409:
5393:
5387:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5344:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5301:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5258:
5250:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5209:
5201:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5168:PLOS Medicine
5165:
5158:
5150:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5109:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5074:
5057:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5021:
5013:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4929:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4837:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4696:
4688:
4682:
4674:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4649:(2): 99–100.
4648:
4644:
4640:
4633:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4589:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4542:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4491:
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4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
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4448:
4444:
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4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
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4401:
4397:
4393:
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4280:
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4238:
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4201:
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4182:
4180:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4157:
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4149:
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4130:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
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4098:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4037:
4035:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
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3991:
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3717:
3709:
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3700:
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3691:
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3668:
3660:
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3646:
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3636:
3632:
3628:
3627:PLOS Medicine
3624:
3617:
3609:
3605:
3600:
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3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3566:
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3512:
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3500:
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3488:
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3480:
3476:
3469:
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3457:
3453:
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3433:
3426:
3418:
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3406:
3402:
3398:
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3379:
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3369:
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3361:
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3353:
3349:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3310:NIHR Evidence
3306:
3299:
3297:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3265:
3257:
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3241:
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3222:
3214:
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3205:
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3190:
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3169:
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3118:
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3110:
3106:
3099:
3097:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3033:
3027:
3023:
3022:
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3012:
3003:
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2993:
2989:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2927:
2925:
2916:
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2908:
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2900:
2896:
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2885:
2883:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2860:
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2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2801:10044/1/52908
2798:
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2782:
2778:
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2769:
2767:
2758:
2754:
2750:
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2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2717:
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2713:
2711:
2709:
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2690:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2666:
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2658:
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2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2592:
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2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
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2533:
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2512:
2508:
2504:
2498:
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2478:
2472:
2464:
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2455:
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2446:
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2438:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
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2380:
2376:
2370:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
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2292:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2270:
2267:
2259:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2187:Related drugs
2184:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2161:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2101:peer-reviewed
2098:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:Terren Peizer
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1948:United States
1945:
1943:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1859:constrained.
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:GABA analogue
1834:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:lipophilicity
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1615:GABA analogue
1611:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1534:
1533:α-amino acids
1531:
1526:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1472:
1468:
1456:
1448:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:, as well as
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1197:breastfeeding
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1175:, or prevent
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
993:low back pain
989:
987:
981:
979:
978:nortriptyline
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
952:
941:
939:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
800:
793:
784:
779:
778:
775:
768:
759:
758:
755:
748:
741:
737:
736:
734:
731:
726:
719:
717:
713:
689:
687:
683:
678:
674:
670:
667:
665:
663:ECHA InfoCard
659:
651:
647:
646:DTXSID0020074
643:
642:
640:
631:
627:
619:
618:RCSB PDB
613:
608:
607:
605:
603:
599:
592:
588:
587:
585:
583:
579:
572:
568:
567:
565:
563:
559:
552:
548:
547:
545:
543:
539:
532:
528:
527:
525:
523:
519:
512:
508:
507:
505:
503:
499:
492:
488:
487:
485:
483:
479:
472:
468:
467:
465:
463:
459:
452:
448:
447:
445:
438:
434:
427:
423:
422:
420:
418:
414:
407:2-acetic acid
405:
404:
401:
394:
389:
386:
383:
381:
377:
373:
371:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
348:
344:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
313:
311:
301:
299:
290:
287:
277:
274:
264:
263:
261:
259:
255:
250:
242:
237:
234:
233:
231:
229:
225:
222:
221:Gabapentinoid
219:
217:
213:
210:
207:
205:
199:
195:
193:
187:
183:
182:Psychological
178:
175:
173:
167:
161:
152:
151:
149:
147:
141:
134:
129:
120:
119:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
16428:
16427:
16338:Talniflumate
15876:
15865:Tetrodotoxin
15855:Neosaxitoxin
15846:
15791:
15765:Propoxycaine
15700:Dimethocaine
15633:
15629:
15598:Valnoctamide
15528:Fosphenytoin
15489:
15463:Procainamide
15453:Pilsicainide
15408:Disopyramide
15394:
15384:
15232:
15200:
15150:
15064:
15032:Ethosuximide
15017:Cloperastine
14995:
14964:Metahexamide
14959:Glycyclamide
14919:Glibornuride
14884:
14833:
14795:
14774:Thioridazine
14729:Promethazine
14714:Orphenadrine
14704:Ketoconazole
14689:Erythromycin
14578:
14341:
14269:Phensuximide
14249:Ochratoxin A
14189:Ethosuximide
14115:
14068:
14037:-selective (
14029:
13939:
13896:
13883:
13865:
13814:ω-Conotoxins
13807:
13757:
13739:Norverapamil
13704:Dexverapamil
13682:
13656:derivatives:
13652:
13649:Vatanidipine
13644:Trombodipine
13609:Palonidipine
13594:Nitrendipine
13549:Mepirodipine
13454:Azelnidipine
13437:
13431:
13325:Lifetime use
13127:Liquor store
13045:South Africa
12675:War on drugs
12501:Soviet Union
12377:Legalization
12215:Drug tourism
12063:Wine tasting
11983:Beer culture
11945:Coffee break
11882:Cannabis tea
11817:Drug culture
11660:Cannabinoids
11589:Salvinorin A
11555:amyl nitrite
11412:Psychedelics
11164:/paracetamol
11077:Desomorphine
10917:Barbiturates
10841:
10840:
10698:barbiturates
10627:cannabinoids
10588:
10576:-containing
10384:Cannabinoids
10369:Benfotiamine
10279:
10180:fibromyalgia
10037:Lorpiprazole
10027:Fabomotizole
10017:Benzoctamine
9919:Vortioxetine
9895:
9862:clomipramine
9817:escitalopram
9774:
9704:Carisoprodol
9684:Barbiturates
9675:
9560:
9526:Tandospirone
9385:Fenfluramine
9365:Brivaracetam
9314:Sulfonamides
9312:
9247:
9238:
9232:
9229:Phensuximide
9219:Ethosuximide
9214:Succinimides
9212:
9192:
9151:
9131:Carboxamides
9129:
9109:
9084:
9071:Fosphenytoin
9059:
9020:
9010:
8973:
8928:
8878:
8863:
8835:Barbexaclone
8830:Barbiturates
8828:
8752:Medical uses
8735:
8734:
8733:profile for
8730:
8676:(10): 1462.
8673:
8669:
8659:
8625:(12): 2045.
8622:
8618:
8608:
8596:. Retrieved
8587:
8562:. Retrieved
8558:
8555:"Gabapentin"
8511:
8507:
8501:
8476:
8472:
8466:
8431:
8427:
8417:
8384:
8380:
8373:
8338:
8334:
8324:
8299:
8295:
8289:
8256:
8252:
8246:
8219:
8215:
8205:
8186:
8180:
8147:
8143:
8137:
8126:the original
8113:
8109:
8096:
8061:
8057:
8047:
8012:
8008:
7998:
7965:
7961:
7955:
7941:(1): 33–39.
7938:
7934:
7928:
7916:. Retrieved
7911:
7902:
7890:. Retrieved
7886:
7877:
7865:. Retrieved
7855:
7849:. Drugs.com.
7841:
7798:
7794:
7781:
7775:. TheStreet.
7772:
7765:Feuerstein A
7759:
7751:the original
7746:
7736:
7727:
7717:
7708:
7698:
7689:
7679:
7670:
7622:
7618:
7608:
7591:
7587:
7581:
7572:
7563:
7555:the original
7545:
7536:
7510:
7501:
7492:
7482:
7469:
7444:. Retrieved
7440:the original
7433:
7423:
7411:. Retrieved
7407:the original
7400:
7351:
7341:
7314:
7310:
7300:
7257:
7253:
7243:
7231:. Retrieved
7218:
7206:. Retrieved
7202:
7193:
7181:. Retrieved
7177:
7168:
7156:. Retrieved
7152:
7140:
7128:. Retrieved
7124:
7115:
7103:. Retrieved
7101:. March 2017
7098:
7086:
7069:
7057:. Retrieved
7052:
7043:
7010:
7006:
7000:
6988:. Retrieved
6983:
6974:
6965:
6953:
6941:. Retrieved
6937:the original
6933:NursingNotes
6932:
6923:
6915:Adis Insight
6914:
6905:
6893:. Retrieved
6889:the original
6878:
6843:
6839:
6829:
6817:. Retrieved
6810:the original
6779:
6775:
6762:
6754:Adis Insight
6753:
6744:
6724:
6717:
6702:
6677:
6673:
6667:
6647:
6617:
6610:
6590:
6583:
6563:
6556:
6519:
6515:
6505:
6472:
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6462:
6417:
6413:
6403:
6370:
6366:
6322:
6318:
6280:
6276:
6230:
6226:
6178:
6174:
6168:
6133:
6130:Biochemistry
6129:
6091:
6087:
6043:
6039:
6029:
6004:
6000:
5994:
5972:(2): 75–82.
5969:
5965:
5923:
5919:
5873:
5869:
5838:
5833:
5800:
5796:
5783:
5750:
5746:
5700:
5696:
5650:
5646:
5639:
5617:. Retrieved
5606:
5594:
5572:. Retrieved
5559:
5535:
5500:
5496:
5486:
5456:(1): 27–32.
5453:
5449:
5443:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5396:. Retrieved
5386:
5353:
5349:
5343:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5270:(1): 31–42.
5267:
5263:
5257:
5222:
5218:
5208:
5171:
5167:
5157:
5122:
5118:
5108:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5061:. Retrieved
5056:the original
5034:
5030:
5020:
4993:
4989:
4979:
4942:
4938:
4928:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4850:
4846:
4836:
4801:
4797:
4787:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4709:
4705:
4695:
4681:cite journal
4646:
4642:
4632:
4599:
4595:
4588:
4555:
4551:
4541:
4508:
4504:
4498:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4425:(1): 60–72.
4422:
4418:
4412:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4334:
4330:
4320:
4293:
4289:
4279:
4244:
4240:
4230:
4195:
4191:
4143:
4139:
4129:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4050:
4046:
4016:
4012:
4006:
3976:(2): 84–90.
3973:
3969:
3963:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3877:
3873:
3825:
3821:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3581:
3577:
3528:(1): 13–21.
3525:
3521:
3511:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3403:(3): 302–4.
3400:
3396:
3390:
3355:
3351:
3309:
3271:
3264:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3184:
3180:
3155:. Retrieved
3151:
3141:
3108:
3104:
3083:. Retrieved
3079:
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3049:
3040:
3020:
2986:
2979:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2898:
2894:
2846:
2842:
2784:
2780:
2730:
2726:
2695:. Retrieved
2687:
2640:
2636:
2609:. Retrieved
2600:
2570:. Retrieved
2563:
2519:. Retrieved
2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2480:
2471:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2408:(3): 302–4.
2405:
2401:
2395:
2383:. Retrieved
2378:
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2353:the original
2348:
2322:
2307:
2304:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2262:
2253:
2233:
2190:
2174:
2167:
2158:
2155:Usage trends
2138:
2132:
2126:
2119:Scott Pelley
2112:
2111:
2104:
2094:
2059:
2012:
1997:
1990:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1951:
1939:
1931:Legal status
1891:
1874:
1844:
1841:Îł-amino acid
1827:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1754:blood plasma
1739:
1709:
1693:
1662:
1634:
1612:
1601:
1590:
1577:
1527:
1444:
1436:Pharmacology
1419:
1406:
1394:hypertension
1378:
1353:laparoscopic
1330:
1289:
1224:side effects
1214:
1203:Side effects
1186:
1162:
1135:
1124:
1117:
1104:drug craving
1100:hyperalgesia
1089:
1078:
1062:
1047:
1035:
1032:
1021:
1018:
1003:-associated
990:
982:
970:central pain
955:
947:
935:
907:
904:Medical uses
875:
851:side effects
841:
837:central pain
812:
808:
807:
796:
374:5 to 7 hours
367:Elimination
351:Less than 3%
258:Legal status
252:Legal status
114:License data
29:
16488:Anxiolytics
16004:Triamterene
15958:Poneratoxin
15948:Ciguatoxins
15835:Raxatrigine
15830:Ralfinamide
15825:PF-05089771
15820:PF-04531083
15792:Analgesics:
15750:Piperocaine
15735:Meprylcaine
15730:Mepivacaine
15685:Cinchocaine
15664:Ropivacaine
15656:Bupivacaine
15583:Sipatrigine
15568:Pheneturide
15563:Phenacemide
15548:Mephenytoin
15533:Lamotrigine
15513:Elpetrigine
15468:Propafenone
15413:Dronedarone
14989:Tolbutamide
14979:Repaglinide
14974:Nateglinide
14969:Mitiglinide
14949:Glisoxepide
14934:Glimepiride
14924:Glicaramide
14904:Carbutamide
14806:Linopirdine
14789:Vernakalant
14779:Tolterodine
14769:Terfenadine
14759:Tamulotoxin
14754:Solifenacin
14724:PNU-282,987
14699:Haloperidol
14694:Gigactonine
14674:Domperidone
14659:Darifenacin
14624:Bedaquiline
14609:Azaspiracid
14572:Vernakalant
14507:Linopirdine
14467:Dronedarone
14457:Dendrotoxin
14442:Clamikalant
14314:Tolperisone
14309:Tetrandrine
14299:Sipatrigine
14294:Silperisone
14279:Prenylamine
14219:Lidoflazine
14174:Elpetrigine
14084:Mirogabalin
13988:Lamotrigine
13983:Flunarizine
13978:Efonidipine
13968:Cinnarizine
13963:Cilnidipine
13918:NNC 55-0396
13844:Ralfinamide
13791:Fantofarone
13786:Dronedarone
13771:Budiodarone
13766:Brinazarone
13729:Levemopamil
13629:Sornidipine
13624:Sagandipine
13614:Pranidipine
13589:Nisoldipine
13579:Nilvadipine
13569:Niguldipine
13559:Nicardipine
13524:Lemildipine
13509:Iganidipine
13504:Furnidipine
13469:Cronidipine
13464:Clevidipine
13459:Barnidipine
13449:Aranidipine
13332:Opiates use
13312:Cocaine use
13147:Issues with
13065:Switzerland
13050:South Korea
13020:Puerto Rico
13005:Philippines
12875:El Salvador
12785:Afghanistan
12521:Just Say No
12511:Switzerland
12486:Netherlands
12452:Drug policy
12382:Prohibition
12367:Drug policy
12360:State level
12205:Dance party
12116:Microdosing
12073:Psychedelia
12028:Oktoberfest
11950:Coffeehouse
11927:Stoner film
11618:Scopolamine
11348:Entactogens
11326:Theobromine
11189:Amphetamine
11115:Hydrocodone
11105:Diamorphine
10909:Depressants
10655:amphetamine
10606:antagonists
10552:hydrocodone
10424:hydrocodone
10342:desipramine
10304:lamotrigine
10288:mirogabalin
10212:milnacipran
10118:from market
10047:Mepiprazole
10032:Hydroxyzine
10022:Cycloserine
10000:propranolol
9942:Flupentixol
9899:Agomelatine
9877:mirtazapine
9698:meprobamate
9632:Fludiazepam
9607:Clotiazepam
9602:Clorazepate
9483:Anxiolytics
9425:from market
9375:Carisbamate
9370:Cannabidiol
9256:Lamotrigine
9160:Lamotrigine
9111:Fatty acids
9106:Pheneturide
9101:Phenacemide
9076:Mephenytoin
8975:Fatty acids
8956:Stiripentol
8951:Paraldehyde
8915:Nimetazepam
8895:Clorazepate
8840:Metharbital
7883:"Neurontin"
7801:(1): 5005.
7539:. CBS News.
7378:. Reuters.
6522:: 151–158.
6094:(1): 1–11.
5619:22 December
5574:21 December
5356:: 225–234.
2849:: 162–169.
2697:14 December
2572:21 December
2385:21 December
2318:neuropathic
2256:August 2024
2164:Brand names
2087:, a former
2069:hydroxyzine
2038:Aetna, Inc.
1917:in 2002. A
1894:Parke-Davis
1830:substituted
1772:(ABCB1) or
1719:peak levels
1630:or another
1546:-isoleucine
1390:tachycardia
1341:depressants
1339:, or other
1272:anaphylaxis
1179:in adults.
1127:hot flashes
886:Parke-Davis
723: g·mol
669:100.056.415
571:CHEBI:42797
391:Identifiers
100:MedlinePlus
73:Other names
64:Trade names
16478:Analgesics
16472:Categories
16308:Bumetanide
16246:Activators
16236:Piretanide
16231:Lonidamine
16182:Activators
16167:Mibefradil
16162:Mefloquine
16152:Furosemide
16147:Fluoxetine
16127:Crofelemer
16014:Activators
15937:Versutoxin
15933:Robustoxin
15915:Activators
15900:Safinamide
15850:Conotoxins
15785:Trimecaine
15780:Tetracaine
15755:Prilocaine
15745:Orthocaine
15720:Iontocaine
15715:Hexylcaine
15710:Etidocaine
15651:Benzocaine
15641:Amylocaine
15623:Zonisamide
15618:Valpromide
15588:Topiramate
15578:Rufinamide
15538:Lacosamide
15503:Cenobamate
15458:Prajmaline
15448:Moricizine
15443:Mexiletine
15438:Lorcainide
15423:Flecainide
15388:Ranolazine
15328:Activators
15313:Fluoxetine
15257:Nimesulide
15239:-specific:
15225:Activators
15207:-specific:
15159:-specific:
15139:Rilmakalim
15129:Nicorandil
15089:Cromakalim
15076:-specific:
15057:Activators
15047:Tipepidine
15037:Ifenprodil
15012:Caramiphen
15004:-specific:
14984:Tolazamide
14944:Gliquidone
14929:Gliclazide
14896:-specific:
14849:Retigabine
14844:Flupirtine
14841:-specific:
14826:Activators
14803:-specific:
14784:Vanoxerine
14764:Terodiline
14749:Sertindole
14739:Ranolazine
14604:Astemizole
14594:Amiodarone
14562:Terikalant
14537:Pinokalant
14522:Nifekalant
14517:Maurotoxin
14512:Lolitrem B
14502:Kaliotoxin
14462:Dofetilide
14452:Dalazatide
14447:Conotoxins
14417:Amiodarone
14412:Almokalant
14334:Activators
14324:Valperinol
14304:Terodiline
14244:Naftopidil
14234:Mesuximide
14164:Enpiperate
14144:Cycleanine
14129:Bevantolol
14119:Bencyclane
14109:Pregabalin
14099:PD-299,685
14094:PD-217,014
14089:PD-200,347
14079:Imagabalin
14069:Gabapentin
14059:Atagabalin
14049:Arbaclofen
14008:Mibefradil
14003:Loperamide
13998:Lomerizine
13973:Dotarizine
13953:Benidipine
13933:Zonisamide
13849:Safinamide
13824:Caroverine
13776:Celivarone
13724:Gallopamil
13679:Siratiazem
13669:Iprotiazem
13659:Clentiazem
13639:Tiamdipine
13634:Teludipine
13599:Olradipine
13584:Nimodipine
13574:Niludipine
13564:Nifedipine
13554:Mesudipine
13544:Manidipine
13519:Lacidipine
13514:Isradipine
13499:Flordipine
13494:Felodipine
13489:Elnadipine
13484:Elgodipine
13474:Darodipine
13444:Amlodipine
13320:Annual use
13171:Dependence
13035:Seychelles
12940:Kyrgyzstan
12855:Costa Rica
12800:Bangladesh
12773:Drug trade
12742:production
12731:production
12650:Drug court
12536:California
12454:by country
12387:Regulation
12121:Smart shop
12106:Literature
12101:Experience
12048:Sports bar
12013:Happy hour
11978:Bartending
11749:Club drugs
11722:Oneirogens
11606:Deliriants
11486:Psilocybin
11309:Polacrilex
11279:Mephedrone
11181:Stimulants
10983:Hazardous
10927:Carbamates
10829:suvorexant
10753:prednisone
10706:carbamates
10667:mephedrone
10610:perampanel
10593:pregabalin
10589:gabapentin
10448:tapentadol
10392:dronabinol
10348:Ziconotide
10320:Mexiletine
10300:lacosamide
10284:pregabalin
10280:gabapentin
10253:tapentadol
10208:duloxetine
10062:Oxaflozane
9990:guanfacine
9937:Quetiapine
9914:Vilazodone
9909:Tianeptine
9892:phenelzine
9832:duloxetine
9790:Pregabalin
9775:Gabapentin
9694:Carbamates
9657:Nordazepam
9612:Cloxazolam
9597:Clonazepam
9577:Bromazepam
9572:Alprazolam
9567:Adinazolam
9400:Perampanel
9390:Ganaxolone
9380:Etiracetam
9339:Zonisamide
9334:Topiramate
9284:Retigabine
9266:Zonisamide
9261:Topiramate
9244:Pregabalin
9239:Gabapentin
9224:Mesuximide
9175:Zonisamide
9170:Topiramate
9165:Rufinamide
9155:Lacosamide
9121:Valpromide
9061:Hydantoins
9043:modulators
8995:Vigabatrin
8985:Valpromide
8920:Nitrazepam
8890:Clonazepam
8870:Cenobamate
8865:Carbamates
8805:GABAergics
8737:Gabapentin
7537:60 Minutes
7512:SCOTUSBlog
7446:13 January
7413:13 January
5398:20 January
4945:(9): 834.
2359:9 February
2328:References
2197:atagabalin
2193:pregabalin
2128:60 Minutes
2077:dependence
2065:flumazenil
1853:carboxylic
1833:derivative
1799:eliminated
1785:metabolism
1780:(<1%).
1669:intestines
1651:enzymne (K
1645:metabolism
1582:micromolar
1530:endogenous
1422:somnolence
1305:topiramate
1248:anorgasmia
1220:somnolence
1138:spasticity
1085:alcoholism
898:unapproved
894:physicians
843:Sleepiness
809:Gabapentin
728:3D model (
716:Molar mass
602:PDB ligand
531:6CW7F3G59X
502:ChemSpider
462:IUPHAR/BPS
426:60142-96-3
417:CAS Number
400:IUPAC name
357:Metabolism
216:Drug class
184:: Moderate
170:Dependence
133:Gabapentin
34:Gabapentin
16429:See also:
16328:Mepacrine
16274:Ivacaftor
16190:Carbachol
16073:Ibuprofen
16063:Amiloride
16022:Solnatide
15994:Amiloride
15923:Aconitine
15885:Evenamide
15860:Saxitoxin
15775:Risocaine
15725:Lidocaine
15670:Butacaine
15646:Articaine
15573:Phenytoin
15483:Tocainide
15478:Sparteine
15473:Quinidine
15433:Lorajmine
15428:Lidocaine
15418:Encainide
15403:Aprindine
15144:Sarakalim
15134:Pinacidil
15124:Naminidil
15114:Minoxidil
15109:Mazokalim
15094:Diazoxide
15084:Bimakalim
15079:Aprikalim
15042:Tertiapin
15022:Clozapine
14939:Glipizide
14734:Quinidine
14684:Ergtoxins
14649:Cisapride
14639:BRL-32872
14619:Azimilide
14582:(KCNH2, K
14557:Tedisamil
14542:Quinidine
14532:Paxilline
14497:Inakalant
14492:Ibutilide
14477:Hanatoxin
14432:Bunaftine
14427:Bretylium
14422:Azimilide
14407:Adekalant
14366:Potassium
14348:Bay K8644
14289:Sesamodil
14239:Monatepil
14229:Manoalide
14224:Magnesium
14209:Imepitoin
14199:Fendiline
14179:Ethadione
14169:Eperisone
14149:Dauricine
14124:Berbamine
14035:δ subunit
13839:PD-173212
13754:Verapamil
13744:Ronipamil
13734:Nexopamil
13719:Falipamil
13714:Etripamil
13699:Devapamil
13694:Dagapamil
13674:Nictiazem
13664:Diltiazem
13654:Diltiazem
13604:Oxodipine
13316:Cannabis
13161:Addiction
13117:Beer shop
13100:Venezuela
12965:Mauritius
12795:Australia
12733:and trade
12660:Drug test
12461:Australia
12235:Nootropic
12220:Entheogen
12195:Club drug
12043:Sommelier
12038:Pub crawl
12023:Nightclub
12018:Hip flask
11955:Latte art
11892:Head shop
11762:Quaaludes
11530:Inhalants
11479:San Pedro
11464:Mescaline
11447:Ayahuasca
11420:Bufotenin
11365:Benzofury
11356:2C series
11336:Chocolate
11299:Modafinil
11289:Methylone
11262:Ephedrine
11233:Cathinone
11194:Arecoline
11159:Oxycodone
11130:Methadone
10964:Inhalants
10842:See also:
10819:inhalants
10775:areca nut
10771:arecoline
10740:analogues
10718:inhalants
10629:) (e.g.,
10587:) (e.g.,
10574:δ subunit
10556:oxycodone
10542:) (e.g.,
10436:methadone
10432:oxycodone
10414:methadone
10379:Bupropion
10314:lidocaine
10235:dosulepin
10128:Phase III
10116:Withdrawn
10097:Validolum
10092:Tofisopam
10087:Tiagabine
10077:Picamilon
10057:Opipramol
9982:clonidine
9904:Bupropion
9847:trazodone
9737:Zopiclone
9729:Hypnotics
9719:Etifoxine
9667:Pinazepam
9652:Medazepam
9647:Lorazepam
9642:Ketazolam
9637:Halazepam
9582:Camazepam
9516:Buspirone
9435:Phase III
9423:Withdrawn
9360:Beclamide
9251:Imepitoin
9199:Ethadione
9116:Valproate
9081:Phenytoin
9027:Tiagabine
9017:Progabide
8980:Valproate
8946:Imepitoin
8925:Temazepam
8910:Midazolam
8905:Lorazepam
8875:Felbamate
8860:Primidone
8582:Coile C.
8428:Addiction
8365:208537638
8172:195878855
8015:: 21–39.
7619:Addiction
7013:: k4364.
6819:15 August
6497:264888110
5675:266985259
5503:: l2147.
5313:: 36–39.
5063:22 August
4847:Neurology
4533:209462426
4140:Addiction
4121:201662179
3326:252983016
3085:30 August
3060:30 August
2971:216082872
2665:265753780
2603:. WebMD.
2521:16 August
2441:CNS Drugs
2379:Drugs.com
2349:Drugs.com
2248:talk page
2106:Addiction
2089:junk bond
1896:to be an
1863:Synthesis
1816:Chemistry
1792:cirrhosis
1717:(time to
1667:from the
1641:transport
1570:nanomolar
1491:neurexins
1409:rewarding
1317:self-harm
1256:myoclonus
1244:mentation
1240:nystagmus
1216:Dizziness
1193:pregnancy
1154:essential
918:off-label
847:dizziness
813:Neurontin
591:ChEMBL940
380:Excretion
369:half-life
202:Routes of
192:liability
190:Addiction
172:liability
144:Pregnancy
92:Monograph
86:Drugs.com
18:Neurontin
16462:Medicine
16414:instead.
16389:instead.
16300:Blockers
16292:Unsorted
16218:Blockers
16119:Blockers
16096:Chloride
16058:A-317567
16050:Blockers
15999:Benzamil
15986:Blockers
15815:NKTR-171
15810:GDC-0276
15805:Funapide
15800:DSP-2230
15795:AZD-3161
15760:Procaine
15675:Butamben
15523:Ethotoin
15398:Ajmaline
15377:Blockers
15336:Riluzole
15295:Blockers
15193:Blockers
15099:Emakalim
14877:Blockers
14719:Pimozide
14589:Ajmaline
14389:Blockers
14204:Fostedil
14134:Canadine
14104:Phenibut
14064:Baclofen
14013:NP078585
13958:Bepridil
13796:SR-33805
13749:Tiapamil
13709:Emopamil
13689:Anipamil
13424:Blockers
13300:drug use
13213:Overdose
13149:drug use
13075:Thailand
13060:Suriname
13040:Slovakia
13015:Portugal
13000:Paraguay
12960:Malaysia
12900:Honduras
12850:Colombia
12835:Cambodia
12556:Virginia
12546:Maryland
12541:Colorado
12496:Slovakia
12491:Portugal
12164:Smokeasy
12058:Wine bar
11960:Teahouse
11683:Hash oil
11614:Atropine
11572:Muscimol
11562:Ketamine
11525:Glaucine
11490:Psilocin
11304:Nicotine
11211:Caffeine
11171:Tramadol
11147:Morphine
11124:Dilaudid
11100:Fentanyl
11091:Darvocet
11081:Krokodil
11056:Suboxone
10995:Gasoline
10985:solvents
10968:Medical
10803:ketamine
10763:nicotine
10691:receptor
10645:levodopa
10635:cannabis
10623:agonists
10620:receptor
10597:phenibut
10581:blockers
10544:morphine
10536:agonists
10522:euphoria
10444:tramadol
10428:morphine
10406:ketamine
10396:nabilone
10388:cannabis
10257:tramadol
10072:Phenibut
10052:Nicotine
9972:prazosin
9785:Phenibut
9765:blockers
9672:Prazepam
9662:Oxazepam
9627:Etizolam
9617:Diazepam
9592:Clobazam
9521:Gepirone
9508:agonists
9355:Albutoin
9329:Sultiame
9066:Ethotoin
8900:Diazepam
8885:Clobazam
8702:38791679
8693:11117262
8651:37370556
8642:10295034
8592:Archived
8528:29099247
8493:21831060
8458:27265421
8409:59226292
8401:30676102
8357:31786961
8316:29179227
8281:24396685
8273:28144823
8238:28767350
8164:31291212
8116:: 1018.
8088:22867659
8039:19787095
7990:22241527
7982:21681607
7947:16425669
7908:"Brands"
7833:37591833
7824:10435503
7709:NBC News
7690:CBS News
7649:22082089
7380:Archived
7358:Archived
7333:22575611
7292:17085492
7284:14664664
7275:10437292
7208:12 April
7035:53520780
7027:30327316
6870:23342236
6806:14664664
6797:10437292
6694:21428817
6548:20505847
6489:37918778
6469:Am J Med
6454:10518579
6395:32513471
6387:19937841
6349:26305616
6297:23567998
6255:16398062
6247:20818832
6195:18656534
6160:30427175
6070:30021858
6021:17403543
5986:17222465
5948:33200190
5940:27345098
5890:16376147
5825:49344251
5817:29930223
5775:10345555
5767:28988943
5725:21108959
5717:26721643
5667:38224592
5613:Archived
5568:Archived
5527:31189556
5478:54130760
5470:30383553
5435:20388896
5378:53165515
5370:30381161
5335:32010921
5327:29111014
5292:39571068
5284:26559937
5249:25590213
5200:28809936
5149:23797675
5100:21940981
5051:27535436
5012:20054678
4971:34577534
4920:10662268
4912:21080739
4877:22013182
4828:24142589
4779:39737885
4771:22556282
4736:33283264
4673:21767770
4624:21669996
4616:29756335
4580:25028259
4572:27207462
4525:31870736
4482:22661344
4447:40370476
4439:22072056
4404:21477128
4396:19601699
4361:30687936
4312:24250527
4271:20081039
4222:29241365
4170:31077485
4113:31461226
4077:26835178
4025:24364635
3990:20124884
3955:28769860
3896:29579375
3850:38188832
3842:17502773
3802:29486015
3767:21203440
3727:PLOS ONE
3708:29970367
3659:28809936
3608:25575710
3554:17372630
3495:24798217
3460:46952737
3452:16978035
3417:15898970
3382:34819636
3287:Archived
3256:85497732
3248:30907944
3213:30480717
3133:39262014
3125:16908923
3080:ClinCalc
3054:Archived
3050:ClinCalc
3002:Archived
2963:32321743
2915:23642658
2873:32521436
2819:28597471
2757:14236933
2749:20402746
2605:Archived
2565:DailyMed
2515:Archived
2487:30 March
2463:24760436
2422:15898970
2310:epilepsy
2280:cannabis
2242:You may
2134:NBC News
2103:journal
2061:Gabasync
2056:Gabasync
1898:analogue
1705:morphine
1665:absorbed
1552:, bind α
1539:-leucine
1505:to two:
1503:affinity
1416:Overdose
1398:insomnia
1361:epilepsy
1313:epilepsy
1173:tinnitus
1131:estrogen
997:sciatica
932:Seizures
799:(verify)
482:DrugBank
286:Class C1
228:ATC code
209:By mouth
177:Physical
159: B1
146:category
128:DailyMed
16068:Aspirin
15890:Menthol
15877:Others:
15847:Toxins:
15690:Cocaine
15215:GAL-021
14835:KCNQ (K
14797:KCNQ (K
14614:AZD1305
14552:Sotalol
14547:ShK-186
14527:Notoxin
14214:JTV-519
14194:Fasudil
13923:ProTx I
13903:ABT-639
13890:SNX-482
13761:AH-1058
13758:Others:
13401:Calcium
12975:Nigeria
12970:Moldova
12890:Germany
12885:Finland
12880:Estonia
12820:Bolivia
12476:Germany
12275:Whoonga
12126:Therapy
11794:Poppers
11772:Ecstasy
11757:Cocaine
11705:APINACA
11695:JWH-018
11678:Hashish
11550:poppers
11386:Ecstasy
11319:Tobacco
11267:Ephedra
11245:Cocaine
11065:Codeine
11059:Subutex
11044:Opioids
10827:(e.g.,
10797:(e.g.,
10789:poppers
10783:(e.g.,
10767:tobacco
10761:(e.g.,
10747:(e.g.,
10696:(e.g.,
10677:cocaine
10675:(e.g.,
10653:(e.g.,
10643:(e.g.,
10608:(e.g.,
10540:opioids
10422:(e.g.,
10420:Opioids
10404:(e.g.,
10386:(e.g.,
10332:(e.g.,
10312:(e.g.,
10278:(e.g.,
10251:(e.g.,
10225:(e.g.,
10206:(e.g.,
10042:Mebicar
9998:(e.g.,
9980:(e.g.,
9970:(e.g.,
9896:Others:
9890:(e.g.,
9875:(e.g.,
9860:(e.g.,
9845:(e.g.,
9830:(e.g.,
9815:(e.g.,
9696:(e.g.,
9686:(e.g.,
9679:Alpidem
9676:Others:
9248:Others:
9152:Others:
9086:Ureides
9041:Channel
8932:Bromide
8929:Others:
8727:Scholia
8670:Animals
8619:Animals
8564:2 April
8536:7780988
8449:5573873
8122:8959463
8079:3404313
8030:2746576
7918:17 June
7912:Viatris
7892:17 June
7867:17 June
7803:Bibcode
7640:4122522
7493:Reuters
7233:28 June
7105:18 June
7059:2 April
6990:2 April
6943:16 June
6895:22 June
6861:3539268
6539:2874339
6422:Bibcode
6340:4675962
6151:6528808
6108:8565962
6061:6108572
5518:6559335
5240:5393509
5191:5557428
5140:6599858
4962:8469561
4868:3208950
4819:3899476
4727:8094883
4664:3692272
4490:1950738
4352:6360924
4303:3813133
4262:2825098
4213:5957503
4161:6682454
4068:4732322
3998:4046961
3946:5510619
3929:: 316.
3904:4321472
3758:3010990
3735:Bibcode
3699:6028270
3650:5557428
3599:4493167
3545:2670721
3503:6943460
3373:9095464
3204:6583557
3157:11 June
3152:Reuters
2864:7483897
2810:6452908
2657:7693432
2611:6 April
2314:chronic
2211:(FDA).
2201:prodrug
2177:Viatris
2114:Barrons
2081:cocaine
1900:of the
1888:History
1804:in the
1802:renally
1636:in vivo
1578:in vivo
1485:δ with
1449:of the
1430:opioids
1426:alcohol
1402:tapered
1381:rebound
1333:opioids
1321:lithium
1293:suicide
1286:Suicide
1228:Fatigue
1069:arousal
1015:Anxiety
986:placebo
855:suicide
721:171.240
686:Formula
491:DB00996
437:PubChem
310:Class C
296::
244:)
238: (
236:N02BF01
130::
106:a694007
16448:Portal
16365:Others
15354:Sodium
15007:Barium
14811:XE-991
14679:E-4031
14629:BeKm-1
14599:AmmTX3
14482:HgeTx1
14472:E-4031
14254:Osthol
14023:TROX-1
13908:ML-218
13080:Turkey
13070:Taiwan
13025:Russia
13010:Poland
12990:Panama
12980:Norway
12955:Latvia
12935:Kosovo
12865:Cyprus
12825:Brazil
12815:Bhutan
12805:Belize
12551:Oregon
12506:Sweden
12466:Canada
12225:Hippie
12159:Loosie
11628:Datura
11474:Peyote
11459:LSD-25
11216:Coffee
11140:Kratom
11109:Heroin
11094:Darvon
11011:Other
10738:) and
10564:kratom
10548:heroin
10357:Others
10241:Opioid
10111:WHO-EM
10082:Selank
10010:Others
9418:WHO-EM
9348:Others
9297:Others
9004:Others
8729:has a
8700:
8690:
8649:
8639:
8598:12 May
8534:
8526:
8491:
8456:
8446:
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8314:
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8271:
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8162:
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8076:
8037:
8027:
7988:
7980:
7945:
7887:Pfizer
7831:
7821:
7647:
7637:
7331:
7290:
7282:
7272:
7183:30 May
7158:30 May
7153:tn.gov
7130:30 May
7053:GOV.UK
7033:
7025:
6984:GOV.UK
6966:GOV.UK
6868:
6858:
6804:
6794:
6732:
6692:
6655:
6625:
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2871:
2861:
2817:
2807:
2755:
2747:
2691:(NICE)
2663:
2655:
2503:Anvisa
2461:
2420:
2203:form (
2181:Upjohn
2179:after
2137:, and
1995:case.
1845:pentin
1671:by an
1493:, and
1447:ligand
1386:tremor
1232:ataxia
1009:cancer
974:opioid
890:Pfizer
882:
861:, and
835:, and
754:SMILES
582:ChEMBL
551:D00332
385:Kidney
308:
298:â„ž-only
284:
271:
179:: High
126:
16399:LGICs
16106:CaCCs
16078:PcTX1
16037:ASICs
15364:VGSCs
14634:BmTx3
14487:HsTx1
14376:VGKCs
13411:VDCCs
13156:Abuse
13055:Spain
12930:Kenya
12925:Japan
12920:Italy
12905:India
12895:Haiti
12845:China
12840:Chile
12830:Burma
12810:Benin
12790:Aruba
12719:Other
12618:Other
12481:India
12183:Other
12111:Music
11917:NORML
11777:Molly
11710:Spice
11700:APICA
11430:Vilca
11391:Molly
11361:6-APB
11331:Cocoa
11255:Crack
11206:Betel
11199:Areca
11152:Opium
11015:Freon
10560:opium
10200:SNRIs
9884:MAOIs
9869:TeCAs
9839:SARIs
9824:SNRIs
9809:SSRIs
8731:topic
8532:S2CID
8405:S2CID
8361:S2CID
8277:S2CID
8253:Drugs
8168:S2CID
8129:(PDF)
8118:S2CID
8106:(PDF)
7986:S2CID
7791:(PDF)
7288:S2CID
7227:(PDF)
7149:(PDF)
7095:(PDF)
7078:(PDF)
7031:S2CID
6962:(PDF)
6813:(PDF)
6772:(PDF)
6493:S2CID
6445:18415
6391:S2CID
6251:S2CID
5944:S2CID
5821:S2CID
5793:(PDF)
5771:S2CID
5721:S2CID
5671:S2CID
5603:(PDF)
5564:(FDA)
5560:U.S.
5474:S2CID
5374:S2CID
5331:S2CID
5288:S2CID
4916:S2CID
4892:Drugs
4775:S2CID
4620:S2CID
4576:S2CID
4529:S2CID
4486:S2CID
4443:S2CID
4400:S2CID
4117:S2CID
4099:(4).
4053:(5).
3994:S2CID
3900:S2CID
3846:S2CID
3499:S2CID
3456:S2CID
3432:Drugs
3322:S2CID
3252:S2CID
3129:S2CID
2967:S2CID
2753:S2CID
2661:S2CID
2637:Drugs
1849:amine
1806:urine
1774:OCTN2
1766:brain
1597:KCNQ5
1593:KCNQ3
1525:δ-1.
1303:drug
1260:DRESS
1114:Other
1044:Sleep
774:InChI
730:JSmol
609:GBN (
562:ChEBI
16412:here
16410:See
16387:here
16385:See
16374:TRPs
16205:CFTR
16132:DIDS
15973:ENaC
15894:mint
15282:K2Ps
15153:GIRK
14998:GIRK
14864:IRKs
14580:hERG
13928:Z944
13854:Z160
12985:Oman
12945:Laos
12915:Iran
12860:Cuba
12740:Drug
12729:Drug
12665:Narc
12250:Rave
12091:Drug
11767:MDMA
11616:and
11435:Yopo
11381:MDMA
11314:Salt
11274:MDPV
11250:Coca
11238:Khat
11070:Lean
11024:Kava
10947:Wine
10942:Beer
10687:GABA
10663:MDMA
10326:TCAs
10245:MRIs
10219:TCAs
10178:and
9854:TCAs
9761:VDCC
9549:PAMs
9537:GABA
9497:5-HT
9487:N05B
8821:PAMs
8814:GABA
8698:PMID
8647:PMID
8600:2023
8566:2021
8524:PMID
8489:PMID
8454:PMID
8397:PMID
8353:PMID
8312:PMID
8269:PMID
8234:PMID
8191:ISBN
8160:PMID
8084:PMID
8035:PMID
7978:PMID
7943:PMID
7920:2024
7894:2024
7869:2024
7829:PMID
7645:PMID
7448:2012
7415:2012
7329:PMID
7280:PMID
7235:2023
7210:2024
7185:2020
7160:2020
7132:2020
7107:2018
7061:2020
7023:PMID
6992:2020
6945:2019
6897:2018
6866:PMID
6821:2006
6802:PMID
6730:ISBN
6690:PMID
6653:ISBN
6623:ISBN
6596:ISBN
6569:ISBN
6544:PMID
6485:PMID
6450:PMID
6383:PMID
6345:PMID
6293:PMID
6243:PMID
6191:PMID
6156:PMID
6104:PMID
6066:PMID
6017:PMID
5982:PMID
5936:PMID
5886:PMID
5843:ISBN
5813:PMID
5763:PMID
5713:PMID
5663:PMID
5621:2019
5576:2019
5523:PMID
5466:PMID
5431:PMID
5415:JAMA
5400:2024
5366:PMID
5323:PMID
5280:PMID
5245:PMID
5196:PMID
5145:PMID
5123:2013
5096:PMID
5065:2020
5047:PMID
5008:PMID
4967:PMID
4908:PMID
4873:PMID
4824:PMID
4767:PMID
4732:PMID
4710:2020
4687:link
4669:PMID
4612:PMID
4568:PMID
4521:PMID
4478:PMID
4435:PMID
4392:PMID
4357:PMID
4308:PMID
4267:PMID
4218:PMID
4166:PMID
4109:PMID
4073:PMID
4021:PMID
3986:PMID
3951:PMID
3892:PMID
3838:PMID
3798:PMID
3782:JAMA
3763:PMID
3704:PMID
3678:CMAJ
3655:PMID
3604:PMID
3550:PMID
3491:PMID
3448:PMID
3413:PMID
3378:PMID
3277:ISBN
3244:PMID
3209:PMID
3181:JAMA
3159:2018
3121:PMID
3087:2024
3062:2024
3026:ISBN
2992:ISBN
2959:PMID
2911:PMID
2869:PMID
2815:PMID
2745:PMID
2699:2020
2653:PMID
2613:2014
2574:2019
2523:2023
2489:2024
2459:PMID
2418:PMID
2387:2019
2361:2016
2097:UCLA
2067:and
2016:and
1976:case
1851:and
1762:LAT1
1733:and
1696:oral
1694:The
1681:LAT2
1624:GABA
1595:and
1541:and
1528:The
1513:and
1396:and
1345:COPD
1250:and
1218:and
1102:and
1056:and
1036:For
960:and
924:and
912:and
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612:PDBe
542:KEGG
522:UNII
511:3328
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331:data
82:AHFS
15636:FBT
15069:ATP
14889:ATP
12096:Era
12086:Art
12033:Pub
11837:420
11668:THC
11584:PCP
11567:MXE
11515:DXM
11454:LSA
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8436:doi
8432:111
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8261:doi
8224:doi
8220:377
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8074:PMC
8066:doi
8025:PMC
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7970:doi
7819:PMC
7811:doi
7635:PMC
7627:doi
7623:107
7596:doi
7319:doi
7270:PMC
7262:doi
7015:doi
7011:363
7007:BMJ
6856:PMC
6848:doi
6792:PMC
6784:doi
6682:doi
6534:PMC
6524:doi
6477:doi
6473:137
6440:PMC
6430:doi
6375:doi
6335:PMC
6327:doi
6285:doi
6235:doi
6183:doi
6146:PMC
6138:doi
6096:doi
6056:PMC
6048:doi
6009:doi
5974:doi
5928:doi
5878:doi
5805:doi
5755:doi
5705:doi
5655:doi
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5505:doi
5501:365
5497:BMJ
5458:doi
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5315:doi
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